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org/wiki/Czech_Language/Pronunciation
1Samohlásky (Vowels)
o 1.1Krátké samohlásky (Short Vowels)
o 1.2Dlouhé samohlásky (Long Vowels)
o 1.3Háček samohlásky (Háček Vowel)
o 1.4Dvojhlásky (Diphthongs)
2Souhlásky (Consonants)
o 2.1Tvrdé souhlásky (Hard Consonants)
o 2.2Měkké souhlásky (Soft Consonants)
o 2.3Obojetné souhlásky (Ambiguous Consonants)
3Digraphs
4Stress
Samohlásky (Vowels)
Krátké samohlásky (Short Vowels)
Czech Letter Czech Word IPA Sound English Sound
Aa tam ("there") /a/ a in ah
Dvojhlásky (Diphthongs)
A diphthong is a pair of vowels that form one grapheme (sound). In English, the 'ou' in 'out' form a
diphthong; you do not pronounce the 'o' and the 'u' as separate sounds in that word. In Czech, there
are three diphthongs: au, eu, and ou. When these groups come together at morpheme boundaries,
they do not form dipthongs in standard Czech; for instance naučit, neučit, poučit ([-au-, -eu-, -ou-] or
[-aʔu-, -eʔu-, -oʔu-]). Vowel groups ia, ie, ii, io, and iu in foreign words are likewise not regarded as
diphthongs; they may also pronounced with /j/ between the vowels [ɪja, ɪjɛ, ɪjɪ, ɪjo, ɪju].
Czech Letter Czech Word IPA Sound English Sound
Au au auto ("automobile") /aʊ̯/ ou in ouch
Souhlásky (Consonants)
One interesting thing about the Czech language is that some consonants can act as vowels, which
means that you may come across Czech words that appear to have far too many consonants for the
number of vowels presented. 'Brno' [ˈbr̩.no] is such a word. (Brno is a city in the Czech Republic.) In
cases such as these, knowledge of the actual sounds made by each consonant and the stressing of
the syllables is invaluable.
Tvrdé souhlásky (Hard Consonants)
Czech Letter Czech Word IPA Sound English Sound
Dd dva ("two") /d/ d in dog
Digraphs
Specifically, a digraph is a pair of characters used to write one phoneme (distinct sound) or a
sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the two characters in sequence. Thus, while the
character pair is not a letter, it represents a single sound.
Czech Letter Czech Word IPA Sound English Sound
dz /ʣ/ "adze"
Stress
In Czech, the primary stress is always on the first syllable of a unit (usually identical to a word). Of
course, there are a few exceptions. The exceptions are:
Monosyllabic prepositions form a unit with following words (if the following word is not longer
than three syllables). The stress is placed on the preposition: e.g. ˈPraha (Prague) --> ˈdo Prahy
(to Prague). This does not apply to long words, e.g. ˈna ˈkoloˌnádě (on the (spa) walk).
Some monosyllabic words (e.g. mi (me), ti (you), to (it), se, si (oneself), jsem (am), jsi (are), etc.)
are clitics — they are not stressed and form a unit with preceding words. A clitic cannot be the
first word in a sentence, because it requires a preceding word to form a unit with. Example:
ˈNapsal jsem ti ˈten ˈdopis = I have written the letter to you.
For long words, there is a secondary stressing of the syllables, which is placed on the odd syllables.
This offers a distinct cadence to the Czech language. ˈNej.krás.ˌněj.ší = The most beautiful.
Stress in Czech denotes boundaries between words, but does not distinguish word meanings. It also
has no influence on the quality or quantity of vowels. Vowels are not reduced in unstressed syllables
and both long and short vowels can occur in either stressed or unstressed syllables.