Design Calculations

PE 15,000
Qdwf (m3/d) (PE X 0.225) 3375
p PE/1000 15
Peak flow coefficient 4.7 x p^(-0.11) 3.4892
Qpeak (m3/d) Qdwf x pfc 11776
BODin (kg/d) (Qdwf x 1000 x 250 mg/L)/1,000,000 kg 843.75
Ssin (kg/d) (Qdwf x 1000 x 300 mg/L)/1,000,000kg 1012.5
TKN 50

AERATION TANK
PE 15000
DWF (m3/d) 3375 0.039
Pflow (m3/d) 11776 0.14

6.1 Design Criteria

Influent
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD5) 250

Suspended Solids (SS) 300

Chemical Oxygen
500
Demand (COD)
Total Nitrogen (TN) 50
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
30
(AMN)

Total Phosphorus (TP) 10

Effluent Absolute Design

BOD5 20 10
SS 50 20
COD 120 60
AMN 10 5
TN 20 10
TP N/A N/A

Operating Temperature 26

Operating Ph 7.2

6.2 Process Volume & HRT

Minimum Hydraulic Retention Time = 18-24 hours
Length 28
Width 11
Water Depth 4.5
No. tank 2
Volume provided, V 2772

HRT 19.712

6.3 MLSS
Assume
MLSS 3500
MLVSS, Xv Rule of thumb (75%) 2625
Solids in aeration tank V x MLSS 9702

6.4 (F/M) ratio

F/M BOD load/solids in aeration tank 0.0869666

6.5 Nitrification/Denitrification Requirement

1) Sludge age
Ѳc 2.13*EXP(0.098*(T-15)) 6.26
Safety factor 4.05
Sludge Age 25.4

2) Mean Hydraulic Retention Time for Oxidation

Ѳa ѲcA(So-Se)/Xv(1+bXdQc)

6.6 Anoxic/Aerobic Volume

Reactor Size
Total Aeration Tank Volume Provided 2189

Anoxic Volume
Anoxic Volume Required 225

Tank Sizing (Dimension)

No. of basin 2
Length 9.5
Width 2.7
Water Depth 4.5
Total Anoxic Volume Provided 230.9
m3/s 140.625 m3/h
m3/s

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L
mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Oc
mg/l 3.5
mg/l
kg

d
d
d (>20, as per MSIG)

m3

m3
Design Calculations
PE 10,000
Qdwf (m3/d) (PE X 0.225) 2250 (m3/d)
p PE/1000 10
Peak flow coefficient 4.7 x p^(-0.11) 3.4892
Qpeak (m3/d) Qdwf x pfc 7851
BODin (kg/d) (Qdwf x 1000 x 250 mg/L)/1,000,000 kg 562.5
Ssin (kg/d) (Qdwf x 1000 x 300 mg/L)/1,000,000kg 675
TKN 50
Nox 80% of TKN 40

Wastewater characteristics
Constituent Concentration (mg/L)
BOD5 250
SBOD 80
TSS 300
VSS 273
COD 500
Scod 150
VFA as SCOD 30
TKN 50
TKN with filtrate returned (+15%) 58
NH4-N 30
TP 10
PO4-P 4
SVI
Xs 6666 MLSS Concentration i
X 3500 MLSS Concentration i
BCOD/BOD ratio 1.6
Operating Temperature 26 C

Required Effluent
BOD5 10
SS 20
COD 60
AMN 0.5
TN 10
TP N/A
O&G 2

Step 1
Develop wastewater characteristics for process design
BCOD 1.6(BOD) 400 mg/L
BPCOD 1.6(BOD-SBOD) 272 mg/L
PCOD COD-SCOD 350
BPCOD/PCOD 0.78
nbVSS (1-(BPCOD/PCOD))*BOD 55.71
Itss TSS(initial)-VSS(initial) 27 mg/L

Step 2 Determine SBR operating cycle Assumption

Number of tanks 2 tanks
Total Cycle Time Tc=Tf+Ta+Ts+Td+Ti 6h
Total Fill Tf=Ta+Ts+Td+Ti 3h
React/Aerate Ta 2h
Settle Ts 0.5 h
Decant Td 0.5 h
Idle time Ti 0h
No. of cycles/tank.d 4
Total no. of cycles x 2 tanks 8 cycles/d
Vf Qdwf/Total no. of cycles 281.25 m3/fill

Step 3 Determine fill fraction per cycle (VF/VT) allowed and compare to selected design value 0.3
Mass balance based on solids in reactor
Mass of solids at full volume = Mass of settled solids

VtX=VsXs

Determine settled fraction

X/Xs 0.525
Vs/Vt 20% x X/Xs 0.630

Determine fill fraction Vf (Fill fraction)

Vf/Vt Vf/Vt=1.0-Vs/Vt 0.370

Step 4 Determine Overall Hydraulic Retention Time (ţ)

Assume
Full liquid depth 6m
Decant depth 0.3xFLD 1.8 m
Vt (Vf/tank)/Decant design 937.5 m3/tank
Overall (ţ) (No.of tank x Vt x 24 hrs)/Qdwf 20 h

Step 5 Determine Sludge Retention Time (SRT)

P(SRT) V x Xmlss 3281250 g

Develop input data to solve the above relationship for SRT

Assume Sο = Sο - S
Sο So = BCOD 400 mg/L
Q Qdwf/no.of tanks 1125 m3/tank.d
NO (nitrogen oxide) 0.80 x TKN 40
Referring to Kinetic coefficients
Y 0.4 g VSS/g Bcod
k at 12C 0.151838 g/g.d
Yn 0.12 g VSS/g Nox
k,dn at 12C 0.101226 g/g.d
fd 0.15 g/g

Long formula (Page 728)

*(1) 450
Assume SRT 18 d
P(SRT) estimate 126086

Step 6 Determine MLVSS concentration

Long formula (Pg 728)
(Px,VSS) SRT Vt(XmLVSS)
Vt(XmLVSS) (*1 + *2+*3+*4) 1128214 (m3.g/m3)
XmLVSS Vt(XmLVSS)/Vt 1203.429 g/m3

Determine fraction of MLVSS/MLSS

XMLVSS/XMLSS 0.343837

Step 7
Determine amount of NH4-N oxidized (NOx)
Nitrogen balance NOx = TKN0 - Ne- 0.12 Px,bio/Q
Px,bio Items A + B + C (See formula in pg 729) 99849.01 g/d
99.84901 kg/d
NOx NOx = TKN0 - Ne- 0.12 Px,bio/Q 38.84944 g/m3

Step 8 Check degree of nitrification to determine NH4-N will be removed to level of 5 g/m3 in 2 hr aer
a) Determine amount of oxidizable N available
Vf(NOx) 10926.4 g/fill
Vs(Ne) Ne(V-Vf) 328.125 g
Total oxidizable N 24328.13 g
No Total oxidizable N/Vt 25.95 g/m3

b) Determine reaction time

i. Determine nitrifier concentration
Xn See formula pg 730 35.68236 g/m3
µm, 12C 0.436507 g/g.d
Kn, 12C 0.489559
ii. Determine time for reaction
t See formula pg 730 0.263715 days
6.329153 hour

c) Determine aeration time

Total aeration time 2 hours of aeration and 3 hours

9. Determine decant pumping rate

Pumping rate Vf/Decant time 9.375 m3/min

10. Process Oxygen Demand

a) Aeration Equipment Selection
Ro(oxygen
required/tank) (See formula pg 731) 497459.7 g/d
497.4597 kg/d

Total aeration time t * number of cycles/day 25.31661 h/day

Avg oxygen transfer

To convert rate Oxygen
Oxygen supply
transfer per day/total
capacity aeration
at standard time 19.64954
condition kg/h
to operating
condition
N Actual oxygen transferred 1620 kgO2/day
No Oxygen transfer at std condition
β 0.9
Oxygen saturation concentration at ToC of
Cs 27 8
C1 DO level maintained in tank 2 g/m3
α Ratio oxygen transfer to clear water 0.7
N 0.450465 No
S.O.R N/C158 3596.284 kgO2/day
149.8452 kgO2/hour
b) Aeration Requirement
Efficiency diffusers 23%
O2 in air 0.277 kgO2/m3
No. of basin 1
Standard air flowrate
required S.O.R/(O2 in air * Efficieny*No.of basin) 2351.988 m3/hr
39.1998 m3/min

According to Air Blower

selection, max capacity 24.9 m3/min

No.of blowers required Std air flowrate/Max capacity 1.574289 nos

2 nos

11) Selection of diffusers

@ meters submergence 3.8 m
Air flowrate per diffuser 6 m3/h/diffuser
0.1 m3/min/diffuser
Max flowrate per diffuser 0.43 m3/min/diffuser
Percentage of selected design flow over max flow 23.26%
Area of diffuser 37.4 m2

11. Determine sludge production

Px,tss V*MLSS/SRT 364.5833 kg/d
BCOD removed qdwf*BCOD 900 kg/d
BOD removed 562.5 kg/d
TSS/BOD Px,tss/BOD removed 0.648148 g TSS/g BOD
VSS/BOD TSS/BOD * VSS/TSS 0.589815 g VSS/g BOD
TSS/BCOD 0.405093 g TSS/g BCOD

12. Determine F/M * BOD volumetric loading

F/M BOD*Q/Xmlvss*Vt 0.249288 g/g.d
BOD loading(Lorg) qdwf*BOD/no.tanks*Vt*1000 0.3 kg/m3.d

13. Design Summary

Design Parameters Unit Value
Average flow m3/d 2250
Average BOD load kg/d 562.5
Average TKN load kg/d
No. of tanks Number 2
Fill time hr 3
React time hr 2
Total aeration time hr 6.329153
Settle time hr 0.5
Decant time hr 0.5
Cycle time hr 6
Total SRT d 18
Tank volume m3 937.5
Fill volume/cycle m3 281.25

Fill volume/tank volume Ratio 0.370

Decant depth m 1.8
Tank depth m 6
MLSS g/m3 3500
MLVSS g/m3 1203.429
F/M g/g.d 0.249288
Volumetric BOD load kg/m3.d 0.3
Decant pumping rate m3/min 9.375
Sludge production kg/d 364.5833
Observed yield kg VSS/kg BOD 0.589815
kg TSS/kg BCOD 0.405093
Average oxygen
required/tank kg/d 497.4597
Total aeration time/d-
tank hr 25.31661

Average O2 transfer rate kg/hr 19.64954

No. of blowers Nos 2
 0.027 m3/s 93.75 m3/h

0.093 m3/s

0.91 VSS/TSS

MLSS Concentration in settled volume

MLSS Concentration in full volume (g/m3)
 30 min

esign value 0.3

VSS/g Bcod

VSS/g Nox

A 1021075
B 1128214
C 40521.1
D 418603.4
E 546750

*1 1025316
m3.g/m3) *2 1128214
*3 39836.07
*4 15934.43

A 48217.44
B 2213.115
C 49418.46

f 5 g/m3 in 2 hr aeration period

Oxidizable 24000
 A 1.933423
B 25.45
C 103.8373

eration and 3 hours of fill time

A 450000
B 141785.6
C 189245.3
m3/h/diffuser
m3/min/diffuser
m3/min/diffuser

TSS/g BOD
VSS/g BOD
TSS/g BCOD
Parameter
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
Suspended Solids (SS)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Total Nitrogen (TN)
Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH4-N)
Total Phosphorus (TP)
Oil & Grease (O&G)

Activated-sludge Kinetic Coefficients for heterotrophic bacteria at 20C

Coefficient
µm
K
Y
k
f

Activated sludge Nitrification Kinetic Coefficients at 20C

Coefficient
µm
Kn
Yn
k,dn
K0
g
g/d
g/d
g/d
 Value (g/capita.day) Value(mg/l)
56 250
68 300
113 500
11 50
7 30
2 10
11 50

c Coefficients for heterotrophic bacteria at 20C

Unit Range Typical value
g VSS/g VSS.d 3.0 - 13.2 6
g bcod/m3 5.0-40.0 20
g VSS/g BCOD 0.30-0.50 0.4
g VSS/g VSS.d 0.06 - 0.20 0.12
Unitless 0.08-0.20 0.15

e Nitrification Kinetic Coefficients at 20C

Unit Range Typical value
g VSS/g VSS.d 0.2-0.9 0.75
g NH4-N/m3 0.5-1.0 0.74
g VSS/g NH4-N 0.10-0.15 0.12
g VSS/g VSS.d 0.05-0.15 0.08
Unitless 0.4-0.6 0.5
Unit price 215
Items SBR EA
Equipment, Mechanical &
2,530,000.00 2,610,000.00
Electrical works
Civil & structural works RM1,920,000.00 RM2,520,000.00
Total RM4,450,000.00 RM5,130,000.00

For SBR
Equipments Unit price (RM) Nos. Cost
Decanter
Type : Surface Skimming
Motor : 2.2 KW 2,000 2 4000
RAS/WAS Sludge Pump
Type : Submersible Pump
Motor : 7.5 Kw 40,000 16 640000
Air Blower
Type : Rotary Air Blower
Motor : 132 KW 70,000 3 210000

Air Diffuser
Type : Fine air bubble tube
diffusers
Submergence : 5m
Efficiency : 24% 1,000 296 296000
Total estimated cost 1150000

For EA
Equipments Unit price Nos. Cost
MLSS Pump
Type : Submersible Pump
Motor : 3.7 Kw 200,000 2 400000
Air Blower
Type : Rotary Air Blower
Motor : 15 KW 70,000 3 210000
Air Diffuser
Type : Fine air diffusers
Submergence : 5m
Efficiency : 24% 1,000 125 125000
Clarifier Scraper
Type : Half-Bridge Periphereal
Drive Scraper
Motor : 0.2 Kw 90,000 2 180000
RAS Pump
Type : Submersible pump
Motor : 5.5 KW 40,000 2 80000
WAS Pump
Type : Submersible pump
Motor : 0.4 KW 40,000 2 80000
Total estimated Cost 1075000

Concrete Data from Supplier

Grade Price
Normal Pump Tremie 1
C10 195
C15 200
C20 205 211 217
C25 214 220 226
C30 224 230 236
C35 235 241 247
C40 248 254 260
C45 263 269 275

SBR
Structure Length(m) Width(m) Thickness
Base slab 22.7 18.9 0.3
Wall 1 & Wall 2 22.7 5.3 0.3
Wall 3 18.3 5.3 0.3
Wall 4 & Wall 5 8 5.3 0.3
Wall 6 12.3 5.3 0.3
Wall 7 20.9 5.3 0.3
Top slab 1 22.1 1 0.3
Top slab 2 16.9 1 0.3
Top slab 3 8 1 0.3
Top slab 4 20.9 1 0.3

Amount of

Steel Price (RM 1970/tonne) 30.22

Total

EA
Structure Length(m) Width(m) Thickness
Base slab 24.2 18.9 0.3
Wall 1 & Wall 2 24.2 5.3 0.3
Wall 3 & Wall 4 18.3 5.3 0.3
Wall 4 23.6 5.3 0.3
Wall 5 & Wall 6 6 5.3 0.3
Top slab 1 24.2 1 0.3
Top slab 2 24.2 2.9 0.3
Top slab 3 7 1 0.3
Clarifier tank

Mass of ste

Steel Price (RM 1970/tonne) 32.88766

Total

Total Cost Incurred

Structure Mechanical Civil & Structural Total
SBR 1,115,000 140,065 1,255,065
EA 1,075,000 222,930 1,297,930
 -1535000
70kg steel = 1 cubic metre

Tremie 2

223
232
242
253
266
261

Unit Volume(m3Concrete price (RM)

1 128.71 30246.62
2 72.19 16963.71
1 29.10 6837.80
2 25.44 5978.40
1 19.56 4595.90
1 33.23 7809.29
2 13.26 3116.10
2 10.14 2382.90
2 4.80 1128.00
1 6.27 1473.45
342.69 80532.15
Unit price/tonSteel price

1970 59533.22 59533.22

140065.37

Unit Volume(m3Concrete price (RM)

1 137.21 32245.29
2 76.96 18084.66
2 58.19 13675.59
1 37.52 8818.14
2 19.08 4483.80
2 14.52 3412.20
1 21.05 4947.69
 4 8.40 1974.00
2 300.00 70500.00
372.94 158141.37
Unit price/tonSteel price(RM)

1970 64788.7 64788.70

222930.07
System Efficiency of system

Smaller Total Surface Lower mass of sludge Lower required

Area covered produced per day capacity for pumps

Sequencing Batch Reactor

1 1 1
(SBR)

Extended Aeration (EA) 0 0 0

tem Cost effectiveness

Higher removal Lower

Lower Lower
Lower required % of Mechanical
Constructio Overall
capacity for blowers wastewater Equipment
n costs costs
parameters costs
Total points

1 0 0 1 1
6

0 0 1 0 0
1
Type of Premises/Establishment Unit RecommendeActual unit Actual PE
Residential per hou 5 1350 6750
Commercial areas (Office, Shopping compleper 100 3 22500 675
Day schools per stu 0.2 1000 200
Fully residential educational institution per res 1 1500 1500
Hospital per bed 4 100 400
Petrol kiosk per toil 15 2 30
Bus terminal per bus 4 15 60
Mosque per per 0.2 300 60
Golf course per hol 20 9 180
Laundry per ma 10 10 100
Total PE 9955
Structure Nos. Length(m) Width(m) Surface Area(m2)
Selector Tank 2 1.2 9 21.6
SBR Tank 2 20.9 9 376.2
Total Surface Area 397.8

Structure Nos. Length(m) Width(m) Surface Area(m2)

Anoxic Tank 2 2.4 9 43.2
Aeration Tank 2 20.9 9 376.2
Clarifier Tank 2 0
Total Surface Area 419.4
Structure Nos. Length(m) Width(m) Diameter (m) Surface Area(m2)
Anoxic Tan 2 2.4 9 43.2
Aeration Ta 2 20.9 9 376.2
Clarifier Ta 2- - 13.3 277.89
Total Surface Area 697.29
SBR Obtained vunit
Total Surface Area 397.8 m2
No. of cycle per day 6
No. hrs per cycle 4
Mass of sludge produced per day 360.61
Total Capacity of pumps of duty to 0.94 m3/min
Actual Oxygen Required 680.3 kgO2/day
kg O2/kg BOD5load 2.53 kgo2/day
Total air required 21.58 m3/min
Total Blower Capacity required 27.49 m3/min

Parameter Aeration Clarifier Obtained vunit

No. of cycle per day 6- 6
No. hrs per cycle 4- 4
Mass of sludge produced per day 296.97 188.6 485.57
Total Capacity of pumps of duty to 0.94 1.96 2.9 m3/min
Actual Oxygen Required 680.3 - 680.3 kgO2/day
kg O2/kg BOD5load 4.37 - 4.37 kgo2/day
Total air required 23.64 - 23.64 m3/min
Total Blower Capacity required 30.12 - 30.12 m3/min

Clarifier
Sludge produced 188.6 kg/d
RAS pump capacity 1.94 m3/min
WAS pump capacity 0.02 m3/min
 Peak flow Meets HRT
Trial No.of tank Width Depth Length (m)
(Qdwf) requirement?

1 2 2250 9 4.5 20 17.28

2 2 2250 9 4.5 20.3 17.54
3 2 2250 9 4.5 20.4 17.63
4 2 2250 9 4.5 20.5 17.71
5 2 2250 9 4.5 20.6 17.80
6 2 2250 9 4.5 20.7 17.88
7 2 2250 9 4.5 20.8 17.97
8 2 2250 9 4.5 20.9 18.06

Peak flow Meets HRT

Trial No.of tank Width Depth Length (m)
(Qdwf) requirement?

1 2 2250 9 4.5 20.6 17.80

2 2 2250 9 4.5 20.7 17.88
3 2 2250 9 4.5 20.8 17.97
4 2 2250 9 4.5 20.9 18.06

Peak flow Meets HRT

Trial No.of tank Width Depth Length (m)
(Qdwf) requirement?

1 2 2250 9 4.5 0.6 0.5184

2 2 2250 9 4.5 0.8 0.6912
3 2 2250 9 4.5 1 0.864
4 2 2250 9 4.5 1.2 1.0368

Peak flow Meets HRT

Trial No.of tank Width Depth Length (m)
(Qdwf) requirement?

1 2 2250 9 4.5 1.4 0.60

2 2 2250 9 4.5 1.6 0.69
3 2 2250 9 4.5 1.8 0.78
4 2 2250 9 4.5 2 0.86
5 2 2250 9 4.5 2.2 0.95
6 2 2250 9 4.5 2.4 1.04
7 2 2250 9 4.5 2.6 1.12
8 2 2250 9 4.5 2.8 1.21
 Required
Solids Diameter of
No. of Peak flow Surface Area Meet Surface Area
Trial Loading settling
tanks (Qpeak) of settling tank requirement?
Rate tank (m)
(m)

1 2 8208.8 30 8 273.6 100.54

2 2 8208.8 30 9 273.6 127.25
3 2 8208.8 30 10 273.6 157.10
4 2 8208.8 30 11 273.6 190.09
5 2 8208.8 30 12 273.6 226.22
6 2 8208.8 30 13 273.6 265.50
7 2 8208.8 30 13.3 273.6 277.89
8 2 8208.8 30 14 273.6 307.92

Peak flow Meets HRT

Trial No.of tank Diameter Depth Volume
(Qpeak) requirement?

1 2 8208.8 13.3 3 416.8 2.44

2 2 8208.8 13.3 4 555.8 3.25
3 2 8208.8 13.3 5 694.7 4.06
4 2 8208.8 13.3 6 833.7 4.87
 Concrete Data from Supplier
Grade Price (RM)
Normal Pump Tremie 1 Tremie 2
C10 195
C15 200
C20 205 211 217 223
C25 214 220 226 232
C30 224 230 236 242
C35 235 241 247 253
C40 248 254 260 266
C45 263 269 275 261