Nepal Government

Kathmandu Municipality
Ministry Building Design

The Detail Structure

Design Report of
Ministry Office
Building
of
Ministry of Physical
Infrastructure
Development,Karnali
Province
Birendranagar,Surkhet

SUBMITTED BY:

Earthquake Resistant Technology

Pvt. Ltd.
Sifal, Kathmandu

June 2019
 Contents

List of Tables iv

List of Figuresv

Chapter 1 : Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work ................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Structural Components .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Codes, Standards and References ............................................................................................................ 2
1.5 Structural Design Methodology .................................................................................................................. 2

Chapter 2 :Design Philosophy and Approach ............................................................................................ 4

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Seismic Parameters ................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Overall Design Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 5

Chapter 3 :Basic Materials ......................................................................................................................... 6

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 6
3.2 Concrete .................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Reinforcing Steel ........................................................................................................................................ 6
3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity ................................................................................................................................. 6

Chapter 4 :Modeling and Analysis ............................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 Modeling of Structural System ................................................................................................................... 8
4.2.1 Beams ........................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2.2 Columns ........................................................................................................................................ 8
4.2.3 Damping ........................................................................................................................................ 8

Chapter 5 :Loads ....................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 9
5.2 Gravity Load ............................................................................................................................................... 9
5.3 Seismic Load.............................................................................................................................................. 9
5.4 Load Combinations .................................................................................................................................. 10
5.4.1 Code-based Design ..................................................................................................................... 10
5.5 Analysis Procedures ................................................................................................................................ 11
5.5.1 Code Based Design ..................................................................................................................... 11
5.6 Component and Member Design ............................................................................................................. 11
5.7 Crack Section Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 12
5.8 Soft Storey ............................................................................................................................................... 13
5.9 Torsion Irregularity ................................................................................................................................... 13
5.10 Mass Irregularity ......................................................................................................................... 14
5.11 Stability Indices ........................................................................................................................... 14
5.12 Crack Width ................................................................................................................................ 14
5.13 Eccentricity ................................................................................................................................. 15

Chapter 6 : Structural Design Results .................................................................................................. 16

Page ii
6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 16
6.2 Analysis Results ....................................................................................................................................... 16
6.2.1 Base Shear .................................................................................................................................. 16
6.2.2 Story Drift ..................................................................................................................................... 16
6.2.3 Deformation ................................................................................................................................. 16
6.3 Concrete Column Design ......................................................................................................................... 16
6.4 Slab and Staircase Design ....................................................................................................................... 16
6.5 Concrete cover ......................................................................................................................................... 16
6.6 Serviceability Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 17
6.7 Ductile Detailing ....................................................................................................................................... 17
6.8 Foundation Design ................................................................................................................................... 18

Chapter 7 : Results and Output............................................................................................................ 19

7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 19
7.2 Analysis of Building .................................................................................................................................. 19
7.2.1 Modal Participating Mass Ratio: .................................................................................................. 23
7.2.2 Base reaction due to linear static and response spectrum method.............................................. 24
7.2.3 Storey Stiffness............................................................................................................................ 25
7.2.4 Torsion ......................................................................................................................................... 26
7.2.5 Storey Drift: .................................................................................................................................. 26
7.2.6 Mass Irregularity .......................................................................................................................... 27
7.2.7 Stability Indices ............................................................................................................................ 27
7.2.8 Center of Mass and Rigidity ......................................................................................................... 28
7.2.9 Foundation Design:...................................................................................................................... 29

Chapter 8 : Summary ........................................................................................................................... 32

8.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 32

Page iii
List of Tables
Table 1: Typical Structural Member and Components ................................................................................... 1

Table2: Codes and Standards ............................................................................................................................. 2

Table 3: Compressive Strength of concrete ...................................................................................................... 6

Table 4:Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel ........................................................................................................ 6

Table5 : Live Load, Superimposed Dead Load ................................................................................................. 9

Table 6: Parameters for Seismic Loading ........................................................................................................... 9

Table 7: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design (IS) ................................................ 10

Table 8: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design ...................................................................................... 11

Table 9: Component and Member Design ..................................................................................................... 11

Table 10: General and Configuration Information ......................................................................................... 20

Table 11: Modal Participation mass ratios ....................................................................................................... 24

Table 12: Auto Seismic ......................................................................................................................................... 24

Table 12: Base reaction ....................................................................................................................................... 25

Page iv
List of Figures
Figure 1: Overall Design Procedure .................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2: Response Spectra for Earthquakes with Different Return Periods for Soil Type ......................... 10

Figure 4: FEM model of Building ......................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 5: Punching Check................................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 6: Soil pressure diagram .......................................................................................................................... 31

Page v
 Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The structure of Ministry Building located at Birendranagar, Surkhet, engaged the
services of Earthquake Resistant Technology Consultancy Pvt Ltd, to carry out the
design for the spatial requirements in accordance with purpose of the building
taking into account the aesthetic aspect and provision for various services and
systems necessary for the operation of the Building. M/s Earthquake Resistant
Technology Consultancy Pvt Ltd was engaged by the main consultant to carry out
the structural analysis and design in close coordination with the client. In order to
fulfill such requirements, the structural materials and the structural system have
been determined taking into account the availability of materials, cost efficiency
and structural integrity, i.e. stability, strength and serviceability; the three main
factors to be incorporated in the design of all structures. The building is a system
consisting of six storey Special RC moment-resisting frames (SMRF) steel truss at the
top.

The design have been carried out using IS 1893 (part 1): 2016, “Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures and finite element software ETABS
(Version 17), developed by Research Engineers International, USA.

1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

The main objectives of the work are to perform the structural design of the
building in terms of suitability of the structural system, cost effectiveness,
efficient use of materials and other resources, conformance to the acceptable
building codes, standards and established engineering practices, with special
emphasis on the effects due to earthquakes and other applicable demands.

1.3 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the
following table.
Table 1: Typical Structural Member and Components

Structural System Element Typical Component Types

Foundation RC sections

Column RC sections

Special RC moment- Shear Wall RC sections

resisting frame Beam RC sections
(SMRF) and Shear
Wall Stitch Band RC sections

Lintels RC beam

Walls Non load bearing walls

Page 1
1.4 Codes, Standards and References
The design is based primarily on the current IS 1893 (part 1): 2016, “Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures” which is adopted for the structural
analysis and design of this building, while the relevant codes of British
Standards, European Standards are referred to consider for the areas/provisions
that are not addressed in the Indian Standards or as required for the purpose of
design.

The basic building codes referred are listed below which are followed for
structural design, also indicating their area of application.
Table2: Codes and Standards

S. Codes and Description

No. Standards
1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice
2 IS 875 (Part 1): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – Unit Weights of
Building Material and Stored Materials (Second Revision)
3 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
4 IS 875 (Part 3): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Code of practice for Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete
structures subjected to seismic forces
7 IS 1893: 2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures
8 IS 383: 1970 Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for
Concrete
9 IS 1786: 1985 Specification for high strength deformed steel bars and wires for
concrete reinforcement (superseding IS:1139 -1966)
10 IS 1904: 1986 Design and Construction of Foundation in soils: General
Requirements.

11 IS 800: 2007 Code of Practice for General Construction in Steel (Third Revision)
12 NBC:201:1994 Mandatory Rules of Thumbs - Reinforced Concrete Building with
Masonry Infill.
13 IS: 1905-1987 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Un-reinforced Masonry.
14 NBC:109-1994 Masonry: Unreinforced.
15 NBC:110-1994 Plain and Reinforced Concrete.
16 IS:8009-1976 Calculation of settlement of shallow foundations.
17 BS:8110-1985 Structural Use of Concrete.
18 NBC:105-1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal.

1.5 Structural Design Methodology

ETAB version 17 is used for linear static and dynamic analysis and design of three-
dimensional structures, in which the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of
the structure was adequate for the calculation of the significant features of
structures. Frame sections are used in modeling of frame and thin shell element are
used in modeling of slabs. Dead load of masonry walls are calculated manually
and applied on beams and slabs where necessary.

Page 2
The structural elements of reinforced concrete were designed to Limit State Theory.
The major structural elements were automatically designed in the inbuilt program
to IS 456 for reinforced concrete structures elements.

The frame system is designed for gravity loads (Dead and Live/Imposed), seismic
loads

Page 3
 Chapter 2 :Design Philosophy and Approach
2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design philosophy and approach used in structural
design of the aforesaid building.

2.2 Seismic Parameters

This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of the building.

Seismic Coefficient Method / Response Spectrum Method:

(Indian Standard: IS: 1893:2016)

Horizontal Seismic Base Shear

According to Indian Standard IS: 1893:2016, the horizontal seismic shear force
acting at the base of the structure, in the direction being considered, shall be:
Vb = AhΣWi
Where, Ah is basic seismic coefficient.
Ah=zISa/2Rg

Horizontal Seismic Forces

The horizontal seismic force at each level (i) shall be taken as:
Fi= Vb Wihi2/ ΣW ihi2
The set of equivalent static forces specified above were assumed to act
simultaneously at each level in the direction being considered and were
applied through points eccentric to the centre of rigidity.

Fundamental Natural Period (IS 1893:2016):

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (T), in seconds, for the
system was estimated by the empirical expression:

T = 0.075 h 0.75

Where

h = Height of building

Response Reduction Factor(R):

It is the factor by which the actual bases shear force that would be generated
if the structure were to remain elastic during its response to the Design Basis
Earthquake (DBE) shaking, shall be reduced to obtain the design lateral force.

R = 5 as per IS 1893

Site Type:

It is the type of soil considered for the site of Type II medium soil. The combined
effect of Time period and soil type defines the value of spectral acceleration
Sa/g

Importance Factor (I):

It is a factor that depends on the importance of the structure being considered.

The building is tower type and public attraction hence its value is taken as 1.5.

Page 4
 Zone Factor (z):

It is a factor that depends on the local damage expected in the area under
consideration. The location of the building states the value as 0.36.

2.3 Overall Design Procedure

Analysis and design of the required buildings is performed according to the
following steps for each structural system.

1) Structural system/concept is developed for each structural system. Used

the basic structural systems described in Table 1.1 as a guideline.

2) Created the finite element model with varying complexity and

refinement suitable for developing and understanding the response.
Carried out different types of analysis to determine the response of the
building under gravity and lateral loadings.

3) Designed the structural components to remain elastic under gravity and

earthquake loads under DBE level earthquake, as appropriate. Linear
analysis is conducted for DBE level earthquake with response reduction
factor to determine the response of the building. Design is carried out in
accordance with the relevant provisions of the latest national building
code and Indian standard provisions.

4) If the global building and local component responses meet the

acceptance criteria, structural design drawings is prepared. The final
construction drawings are to be verified by the third party engineer as
needed.
Architectural Design
Review

Step 1: Structural System development

Step 2: Preparation of Modeling

Step 3: Structural Analysis

Step 4: RC Design using IS456-2000

Step 6: Preparation of
structural drawings

Figure 1: Overall Design Procedure

Page 5
 Chapter 3 :Basic Materials
3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural
components.

3.2 Concrete
The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are
shown in the following table.
Table 3: Compressive Strength of concrete

f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)

Standard Member
(MPa) (MPa)
IS 456:2000 Beam 35 35

IS 456:2000 Sill Band/Lintel Band 20 20

IS 456:2000 Slab 30 30

IS 456:2000 Column 35 35

IS 456:2000 Foundation 25 25

3.3 Reinforcing Steel

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in
the following table.
Table 4: Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel

fy (Nominal) fy (Expected)
Diameter
(MPa) (MPa)
10mm and below (for Stirrup) 500 550

10 mm and above 500 550

3.4 Soil Bearing Capacity

The geometrical size of footing was determined considering the allowable
bearing capacity as 163 KN/m2 and for soil type II. For the geometrical size of
foundation SAFE V 16 is used.

Page 6
 Chapter 4 :Modeling and Analysis
4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building, including
modeling assumptions of materials, sections, and components properties. The
structural system adopted in the building is the system consisting of Special
moment resisting frame. The structural system is believed to perform best under
seismic loading. To ensure the ductile response of the building during seismic
event the overall structure has been detailed according to the latest code
provision (e.g., IS 13920). One of the fundamental attributes required for the
proper seismic response of a building during earthquake motions is that its
lateral load resisting members should be tied together to act as a single unit.
This provision is intended to provide continuous lateral load system that ties all
parts of the structures together. It also provides for proper connection between
the members of the system to transmit additional seismic forces safely.

A vertical lateral force-resisting system shall be continuous and should run from
the foundation to the top of the building. The flow of seismic forces in the
structure should be such that these forces are delivered through structural
connections to horizontal diaphragms; the diaphragms then distribute these
forces to the vertical lateral force resisting elements such as frames; these
vertical elements transfer the forces into foundation; and foundation transfers
the forces into the soil. The presence of discontinuity in a load path makes a
building inadequate of carrying seismic forces. Therefore the design
professional should identify any gaps in the load paths and then take necessary
mitigation measures to complete the load path. A continuous load path has
been maintained in this building. The provision of redundancy is recommended
because of the uncertainties involved in the magnitude of both seismic loads
and member capacities. If any member of a lateral force resisting system fails,
the redundancy of the structure will help ensure that there is another member
present in the lateral force resisting system that will contribute lateral resistance
to the structure. Redundancy also provides multiple locations for potential
yielding, possibly distributing inelastic activity within the structure and improving
the ductility and energy dissipation.

Typical characteristics of redundancy include multiple lines of resistance to

distribute the lateral forces uniformly throughout a structure to reduce the shear
and axial demands on any one element. If enough redundancy is not present
in the structure, an analysis is required to demonstrate the adequacy of the
lateral force elements. A distinction should be made between redundancy and
adequacy. Simple meaning of redundancy is “more than one”. One line of
moment frame can be adequate to carry the entire design lateral load, but is
not redundant.

The structural elements of reinforced concrete are designed to Limit State

Theory, while the structural steel elements are designed to the Permissible /
Working Stress Theory if require. The major structural elements are automatically
designed by the feature included in the program to IS 456 and IS 800 for
reinforced concrete structures and structural steel elements respectively, while
the certain design calculations for those not properly figured due to the

Page 7
 limitation of program are manually carried out in accordance with the r elevant
latest standards. The following matrix shows general architectural configuration
and geotechnical investigation information

4.2 Modeling of Structural System

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models are created, representing the
structure’s spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness to an extent that is
adequate for the calculation of the significant features of the building’s elastic
response. ETABS V 17 is used as analysis tool. Nominal material properties are
used in modeling of structural components. The models include columns,
beams and slabs.

4.2.1 Beams
Frame elements are used in modeling of beams, which includes the effects of
bending, torsion, axial deformation, and shear deformations. Insertion points
and end offsets are applied to account for the finite size of beam and column
intersections, if required.

4.2.2 Columns
Frame elements are used in modeling of columns, which includes the effects of
biaxial bending, torsion, axial deformation, and biaxial shear deformations.

4.2.3 Damping
Constant modal damping of 5% was used in seismic analysis.

Page 8
 Chapter 5 :Loads
5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design,
including gravity loads and seismic loads.

5.2 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and
partitions are considered as superimposed dead load. Live load is determined
in accordance with occupancy or use. The following loads are in addition to
the self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading requirements are taken
from IS 875 (Part 2)-1987.
Table5 : Live Load, Superimposed Dead Load

Occupancy or Use Load Amplitude Load Type

In-accessible Roof 0.75KN/m2 Live Load

Accessible Roof 1.5 KN/m2 Live Load

Superimposed
Wall load 9.45 KN/m3
Load
Superimposed
Floor Finish 1.5 KN/m2
Load
Toilet/Ward 2 KN/m2 Live Load

Stair/Passage/Lobbies 4 KN/m2 Live Load

Office 2.5 KN/m2 Live Load

Meeting Room 4 KN/m2 Live Load

5.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input may be determined from IS 1893 (part 1): 2016, “Criteria
for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”
Table 6: Parameters for Seismic Loading

Parameter Value
IS 1893:2016
Zone factor, Z 0.36

Importance factor, I 1.5

Response reduction factor, R 5

Page 9
 Figure 2: Response Spectra for Earthquakes with Different Return Periods for Soil Type

5.4 Load Combinations

5.4.1 Code-based Design

5.4.1.1 Combinations for Limit State Method (IS 1893)

Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are
shown in the following table.(Ref: IS 1893:2016)
Table 7: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design (IS)

Set No. Load Combination

1 1.5(DL+LL)

2 1.2(DL+LL±ELx± 0.3ELy)

3 1.5(DL±ELx± 0.3ELy)

4 0.9DL ± 1.5(ELx±0.3 Ely)

5 1.2(DL+LL±ELy± 0.3ELx)

6 1.5(DL±ELy± 0.3ELx)

7 0.9DL ± 1.5(ELy±0.3 Elx)

where: DL = Dead load

Page 10
 LL = Live load

EL = Earthquake load

5.5 Analysis Procedures

5.5.1 Code Based Design

Analysis procedure of the code based design was shown in the table below.
Table 8: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design

Load Case Analysis Procedures

Gravity load Linear Static

Earthquake load Linear Static& Response Spectrum

Live Load Linear Static

5.5.1.1 Seismic Weight

The seismic weight at each level, W i, were taken as the sum of the dead loads
and the seismic live loads between the mid-heights of adjacent storeys. 100% of
dead load, superimposed dead load and 25% of live load up to 3 kN/m 2 and
50% of live load above 3 KN/m 2 were considered as mass source.

5.5.1.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP) and Response Spectrum Method

Linear static analysis and Response Spectrum analysis are carried out for gravity
and earthquake loadings.

5.6 Component and Member Design

The structural components are designed to satisfy the strength and ductility
requirements. Strength capacities for different types of actions considered in
the design are summarized in the table below.
Table 9: Component and Member Design

Structural Component Design Code

System Approach/Consideration Reference
Special RC RC beams Flexural response IS 456:2000
moment- Shear
resisting
RC columns Compression IS 456:2000
frame
Flexure
(SMRF)
Shear
RC shear walls Compression IS 456:2000
Flexure
Shear
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456:2000
Flexural, shear

Page 11
 Structural Component Design Code
System Approach/Consideration Reference
RC connections Moment connections IS 456:2000
Shear connections

Steel Truss/Bracing/Post Axial loading members 800:2007

Frame

5.7 Crack Section Analysis

As cracked section analysis are not covered in both IS & NBC code, the stiffness
modifier and permissible drift limit are calculated using ACI documents. When analyzing a
special moment frame, it is important to appropriately model the cracked stiffness of the
beams, columns, and joints, as this stiffness determines the resulting building periods, base
shear, story drifts, and internal force distributions. Table 4-1 shows the range of values for
the effective, cracked stiffness for each element based on the requirements of ACI 318 -
8.8.2.

For our case stiffness modifier for beam & columns are taken 0.35 and 0.7 respectively
The stiffness of the frame must be sufficient to control the drift of the building at each story
within the limits specified by the building code. Drift limits in ASCE 7 are a function of both
occupancy category (IBC 1604.5) and the redundancy factor, ρ, (ASCE 7 - 12.3.4) as
shown in Table 2-1.

Referring to Table 2-1, the drift of the commercial complex structure is calculated using
the redundancy factor 1.3 and occupancy category III which is equal to 0.012xH

Also referring to IS 1893:2016 the clause 5.3.4.3.1

Page 12
5.8 Soft Storey

It is one in which the lateral stiffness should be less that in the storey above (as per
IS1893:2016). The storey lateral stiffness is the total stiffness of all seismic force resisting
elements resisting lateral earthquake shaking effects in the considered direction.

5.9 Torsion Irregularity

Torsional irregularity is based on 1.5 times minimum displacement. Building is said to

torsionally irregular, when the maximum horizontal displacement of nay floor in the
direction of the lateral force at minimum horizontal displacement at the far end of the
same floor in that direction or natural period corresponding to the fundamental torsional
mode of oscillation is more than those of the first two translational modes of oscillation
along each principal plan direction.

In torsionally irregular buildings, when the ratio of maximum horizontal

displacement at one end and the minimum horizontal displacement at other end is in the
range of 1.5 to 2, the building configuration shall be revised to ensure that the natural
period of fundamental torsional mode of oscillation shall be smaller than those of the first
two translation modes along each of the principal plane directions. If it range more than 2
configuration shall be revised.

Page 13
5.10 Mass Irregularity

Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist, when the seismic weight of any floor is
more than 1.5 times of that of floor below. In the buildings with mass irregularity and
located in seismic zone III, IV and V, the earthquake effects shall be estimated by
Dynamic analysis method (IS 1893:2016)

5.11 Stability Indices

Stability indices is checked as per Annex E of IS 456:2000 for all storeys to classify
the columns in a given storey as non-sway or sway columns. Stability indices is
given by Qsi. Column is classified as non-sway if stability indices is less than or
equal to 0.04.

5.12 Crack Width

Crack width calculation is considered as IS 456:2000 (Annex F). Provided that
the strain in the tension reinforcement is limited to 0.8Fy/E , the design surface
crack width, which should not exceed the appropriate value given in Cl 35.3.2
as per IS 456:2000 may be calculated from the following equation:

Page 14
5.13 Eccentricity
Eccentricity ratio in all diaphragms is considered for 5% during analysis.
Eccentricity percentage is increase if necessary as per required in relation with
center of mass and center of rigidity.

Page 15
 Chapter 6 : Structural Design Results
6.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the building. The
structural components were designed to resist the elastic demand forces
considering R factor using seismic coefficient analysis and response spectrum
method.

6.2 Analysis Results

The analysis results for the building are tabulated in relevant section.

6.2.1 Base Shear

The base shear was compared in the footing level. Total weight of building
above footing level and base shear is shown next capture.

6.2.2 Story Drift

Maximum drift was calculated based on the system of SMRF structure. The
deflections from ETABS are used to obtain the maximum drift for center of
diaphragm for individual floor.

6.2.3 Deformation

Maximum deformation of the building for static earthquake load condition for X
and Y direction is read form ETABS model. Deformed value of the structure is
tabulated in Table 10.

6.3 Concrete Column Design

The design of Columns and Beams will be done directly using ETAB V 17 design
software output using IS 1893-2016. The critical output will be used for design of
the said building among the results from IS 1893-2016.

The concrete column was designed using various sections with reference to IS
456. The minimum size of reinforcement bars of column was designed
considering the ductile detailing with reference to IS 13920.

6.4 Slab and Staircase Design

The design of slab and staircase was done by Excel worksheets developed by
the consultant.

The concrete column was designed using various sections with reference to IS
456. The minimum size of reinforcement bars of column was designed
considering the ductile detailing with reference to IS 13920.

6.5 Concrete cover

Concrete cover of RC structural elements is provided for one hours fire rating
based on IS: 456: 2000. Minimum grade of concrete used is M25. Yield stress of

Page 16
 reinforcement bars are 500MPa complying with minimum elongation of 14.5 %
as per IS: 1786 – 2008.

6.6 Serviceability Requirements

In order to control deflection of structural elements, two alternative methods in
the Serviceability Limit State Design are envisaged in Indian Code. The first is by
way of calculating the actual deflection as per clause 23.2 (a), (b) of IS:456
:2000 and restricting it to specified values. The second method envisages
“deemed-to-satisfy” provisions such as limiting the span / depth ratio as per
clause 23.2.1 of IS:456 : 2000.

The structural design shall satisfy the following requirements of limit state of
serviceability:

IS: 456-2000 limits final deflection of slab or beam from as cast level to L/250, L
being the effective span of the member. The deflection after erection of
partitions and completion of finishes is limited to lesser of L/325 and 20 mm.

IS: 456-2000 limits the inter-story drift to 0.004 times the story height with partial
load factor of 1.

NBC-105 limits horizontal sway of a floor level relative to adjacent floor levels to
0.01h, h being the story height, and the upper limit to this relative sway is 60
mm. The displacements obtained from the analysis results were scaled up 5/K
times as per clause 9.1, and then compared with the limitations.

Serviceability requirements are fulfilled in the designed building.

6.7 Ductile Detailing

Detailing provisions of IS: 13920 is followed in order to provide appropriate
ductile properties to the structure and improve Seismic Response of the
structure.

Salient features are as follows:

Special confinement zone adjacent to each beam column joint is defined, for
beams the length is equal to twice the beam effective depth and for columns
it is largest of:

Largest sectional dimension of column

One sixth of clear height

450 mm

For columns within the special confinement zone:

Length of laterally unsupported tie shall not exceed 300 mm.

Minimum sectional area (Ash) of ties is related to unsupported length (s),

grade of materials (fck and fy) and ratio of core area (Ac) to actual
gross sectional area (Ag) of column, as Ash=0.18sxhxfck/fy[(Ag/Ac)-1]

Spacing of ties shall not exceed 100 mm, shall not exceed one fourth of
smallest column sectional dimension and need not be less than 75.

Page 17
 Laps in columns shall be permitted only within a specific zone near mid
story height. Tie spacing in the lap splice zones shall not be less than 150
mm

For beams, within the confinement zone:

Stirrup spacing shall not exceed one fourth the effective depth.

Shear strength shall be at least the gravity load shear plus 1.4 times ratio
of sum of moments of resistance (top tension for one end and bottom
tension for the other end) to the span of beam.

Lap splices shall not be provided within:

a) a joint

b) the special confinement zone

c) 25% of span length adjacent to joint, where flexural yielding may

occur under seismic forces. Stirrup spacing over the lap splices shall not
be less than 150 mm

6.8 Foundation Design

Foundation was designed as mat footing as necessary using SAFE version 16
where necessary. The dimension of the foundation was calculated based on
163 kN/m2 soil bearing capacity for soil type III (ref; soil test report). The thickness
was checked under punching shear and designed with the help of SAFE 16.

Page 18
 Chapter 7 : Results and Output
7.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building as mentioned
in section chapter 2, including modeling assumptions of materials, sections,
components properties and design and result of the building. The building is
divided into two blocks namely 1& 2.

The area of proposed six storey structure for block 1 & five storey structure for block
2 for the building is designed as frame structure with RC slab. Thickness of wall is as
per drawing and positions of structural member are taken as per architectural
drawing for analysis.

7.2 Analysis of Building

Static and dynamic analysis is performed for design using ETABS V 17. IS 1893:2016 is
used for seismic criteria. For RC design IS 456 is used. Members’ appropriate size
and reinforcement are adopted as per software generation.

Figure 3: FEM model of Building

Page 19
Table 10: General and Configuration Information

A General Information: Block 2

Ministry Of Physical Infrastructure Development,Urban Development &
A.1 Owner’s Name:
Building Office
Address: Karnali Province,Birendranagar,Surkhet
A.3 Type of Building: Ministerial Office Building
A.4 Structure Designed By:
Consultancy Firm: Earthquake Resistant Technology Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Designers’ Name: Dr. Purushotam Dangol, Er. Suvekshya Shrestha, Er.Sandhya Sangat
Nepal Engineering Council No: 3433 Civil A

Geometrical Configuration of
B
Building:
B.1 No. of Block: 1
(1 Basement +5 storey)
B.2 No. of Storey: 8
B.3 Story Height:
Basement 2.9 m
Typical 3.3 m
B.4 No. of column: 15 (Ground floor Column)
B.5 No. of Lift: -
B.6 No. of staircase: -
B.7 Total height of structure: 19.10 m
Total height for Fundamental time
B.8 16.20 m
period caculation
Lx= 22.0 m
B.9 Height to width ratio of building: 1.246
Ly= 13.0 m
B.10 Length to width ratio of building: 1.692
B.11 Seismic joint 325mm
B.12 Floor wise Stiffness: X Y
5th Floor 140950.253 107023.855
4th Floor 143357.244 114085.627
3rd floor 144080.893 115946.164
2nd Floor 155519.685 124896
1st Floor 244696.209 178092.583
Ground Floor 12939519.45 1478736.31
B.13 Floor wise Mass: Mass (kg)
5th Floor 380905.31
4th Floor 433738.51
3rd floor 430019.12
2nd Floor 435802.83
1st Floor 441972.11
Ground Floor 471116.56

Page 20
B.14 Centre of Mass X Y
1st Floor 10.9787 6.9249 m

2nd Floor 10.9712 6.9322 m

3rd floor 10.9507 6.9401 m

4th Floor 10.971 6.933 m

5th Floor 10.9458 6.9766 m

B.15 Centre of Rigidity X Y

1st Floor 12.0095 6.812 m
2nd Floor 11.6079 6.8606 m
3rd floor 11.344 6.881 m
4th Floor 11.2262 6.8918 m
5th Floor 11.1632 6.8997 m
Eccentricity/Permissible
B.16
eccentricity (5%) %ex %ey
1st Floor 4.69% 0.87%
2nd Floor 2.89% 0.55%
3rd floor 1.79% 0.45%
4th Floor 1.16% 0.32%
5th Floor 0.99% 0.59%

C Geological Investigation
Geological Investigation
i) Conducted
If Yes
C.1 Soil Investigation Report: Yes
G.S. Soil &
Materials
Soil Investigation Done By:
Engineers
C.2 Pvt.Ltd.
C.3 Allowable Bearing Capacity: 163 kN/m2
C.4 N- value: 50+
C.5 Type of Soil: II
C.6 Water Table: No
C.7 Liquefaction Potential: No
C.8 Calculated Maximum Pressure in
Foundation: 127.05 kN/m2
If No
C.9 Adopted Value as per NBC 205
Table 3.1
Site Consideration as per NBC
C.10 108?

Structural Analysis and Design

D
Procedure:
D.1 Structural Analysis

Page 21
 Software:(ETABS V 17)
D.2 Structural System: SMRF
D.3 Foundation System: Mat foundation
D.4 Loading Parameters:
As per IS 875
i. Dead Load:
(Part 1)-1987
As per IS 875
ii. Live Load:
(Part 2)-1987
iii. Other Load if any
Beam, Slab M30, Column M35,
D.5 Concrete Grade Used : 25 MPa
Foundation M25.
D.6 Reinforcement Grade Used: HYSD 500 MPa
Reinforcement Grade Used for
HYSD 500 MPa
shear:
Mechanical Properties of other
D.7
construction materials used:
i. Brick Masonry 19.2 KN/m3
ii. Steel Section 76.9 KN/m3
iii. Other

D.8. Seismic Load (IS 1893:2016) :-

D.8.1 Zone Factor (Z): 0.36
D.8.2 Importance Factor(I): 1.5
D.8.3 Soil Type: II
D.8.4 Fundamental Time Period(T x): 0.6056 sec
D.8.5 Fundamental Time Period(T y): 0.6056 sec
D.18.5 Response Reduction Factor (R): 5
Design horizontal Seismic
D.8.6 0.121
Coefficient(Ah,x/y):
D.8.7 Seismic Weight: 20814.005 kN
D.8.8 Design Seismic Base Shear(Vb,x/y): 2524.0763 kN
D.8.9 Dynamic Base Shear RSx, (kN) 2524.0763 kN
Dynamic Base Shear RSy, (kN) 2524.0763 kN
D.8.10 Damping: 0.05
Crack Section Analysis 0.35
0.70

D.9 Seismic Analysis Method:

D.9.1 Seismic Analysis method Response Spectrum Method
D.9.2 No of Modes considered 20
D.9.3 Modal Combination Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
D.9.4 Modal Mass Participation Factor Sum UX Sum UY
Mode 1 3.779E-05 0.6983
Mode 2 0.6693 0.6984

Page 22
 Mode 3 0.6749 0.7007
D.9.5 Scale factor in x-dir 2.953
Scale factor in y-dir 3.195
D.9.6 Total Deflection of Building: EQx EQy
i. Along X-direction: 62.414 mm
ii. Along Y-Direction: 81.217 mm
D.9.7 Inter Story Deflection (Drift): EQx EQy
5th Floor 0.002488 0.003462
4th Floor 0.003901 0.005189
3rd floor 0.004814 0.00632
2nd Floor 0.00486 0.006321
1st Floor 0.003232 0.004368
Ground Floor 0.000102 0.000964

D.9.8 Load Combination Considered: (IS 1893:2016)

1.5(DL)
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL±EQx/y)
1.5(DL±EQx/y)
0.9DL ± 1.5 EQx/y
Note: ±EQx = ±EQx±0.3EQy
±EQy = ±EQy±0.3EQx
E. Reinforced Concrete Design
E.1 Concrete Design code Referred: IS456:2000
E.2 Ductile Detailing code Referred: (IS13920:1993)
Typical design of structural
E.3 elements foundation, slab, IS456:2000
staircase, retaining wall etc:

7.2.1 Modal Participating Mass Ratio:

Structure is analyzed for 20 modes. 65% of modal mass is exceeded at mode 3
in both x and y direction. At mode 20, more than 90% is exceeded in both x
and y direction. The fundamental lateral natural periods of the building in the
two principal plan directions are away from each other by more than 10% of
larger value.

Block 2

TABLE: Modal Load Participation Ratios

Case Item Type Item Static Dynamic
% %
Modal Acceleration UX 100 96.80
Modal Acceleration UY 100 99.68

Page 23
Table 11: Modal Participation mass ratios

Block 2

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios

Case Mode Period Sum UX Sum UY
sec
Modal 1 1.243 3.779E-05 0.6983
Modal 2 1.082 0.6693 0.6984
Modal 3 0.992 0.6749 0.7007
Modal 4 0.363 0.675 0.8104
Modal 5 0.319 0.7693 0.8104
Modal 6 0.292 0.77 0.8107
Modal 7 0.183 0.77 0.8644
Modal 8 0.163 0.8078 0.8644
Modal 9 0.147 0.808 0.8644
Modal 10 0.113 0.808 0.9004
Modal 11 0.102 0.8249 0.9004
Modal 12 0.092 0.825 0.9009
Modal 13 0.081 0.825 0.9266
Modal 14 0.077 0.8296 0.9266
Modal 15 0.069 0.8296 0.9536
Modal 16 0.066 0.8296 0.9804
Modal 17 0.036 0.8316 0.9923
Modal 18 0.031 0.9674 0.9925
Modal 19 0.022 0.9677 0.9967
Modal 20 0.021 0.968 0.9968

7.2.2 Base reaction due to linear static and response spectrum method
Analysis was done by linear static and response spectrum method. Scale factor
for the analysis of response spectrum method for x and y direction for block 1 is
& that for block 2 is 2.953 and 3.195 respectively.
Table 12: Auto Seismic

Block 2

TABLE: Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2016

Load Directio Eccentricit Soil Period Weight Base
Z I R Coeff
Patter n y Typ Used Used Shear
Used
n e
% sec kN kN
0.3 1. 0.3 2524.076
EX X II 0.606 0.121268 20814.0059
6 5 6 3
X + Ecc. 0.3 1. 0.3 2524.076
EX 5 II 0.606 0.121268 20814.0059
Y 6 5 6 3

Page 24
 0.3 1. 0.3 2524.076
EX X - Ecc. Y 5 II 0.606 0.121268 20814.0059
6 5 6 3
0.3 1. 0.3 2524.076
EY Y II 0.606 0.121268 20814.0059
6 5 6 3
Y + Ecc. 0.3 1. 0.3 2524.076
EY 5 II 0.606 0.121268 20814.0059
X 6 5 6 3
0.3 1. 0.3 2524.076
EY Y - Ecc. X 5 II 0.606 0.121268 20814.0059
6 5 6 3

Table 13: Base reaction

Block 2

TABLE: Base Reactions

Load Case/Combo FX FY MX MY
kN kN kN-m kN-m
EQx 1 -2524.0763 -757.2229 12153.255 -40510.8502
EQx 2 -2524.0763 -757.2229 12153.255 -40510.8502
EQx 3 -2524.0763 -757.2229 12153.255 -40510.8502
EQy 1 -757.2229 -2524.0763 40510.8502 -12153.255
EQy 2 -757.2229 -2524.0763 40510.8502 -12153.255
EQy 3 -757.2229 -2524.0763 40510.8502 -12153.255
RSx Max 2523.9566 35.5561 379.1823 34463.2799
RSy Max 38.4724 2523.8953 33073.9739 390.7185

7.2.3 Storey Stiffness

Analysis was checked for stiffness. Analysis was maintained for stiffness to be
less than that at lower storey as per IS 1893:2016

Block 2

TABLE: Story
Stiffness

Stiffness X Stiffness Y
Story
kN/m kN/m
5th Floor 140950.253 OK 107023.855 OK
4th Floor 143357.244 OK 114085.627 OK
3rd floor 144080.893 OK 115946.164 OK
2nd Floor 155519.685 OK 124896 OK
1st Floor 244696.209 OK 178092.583 OK
Ground Floor 12939519.45 - 1478736.31 -

Page 25
7.2.4 Torsion
The ratio of maximum and minimum joint displacement at two ends along x
and y direction is less than 1.5. (IS 1893:2016)

Block 2

Xmax 62.756 mm
Xmin 62.071 mm
Xmax/Xmin 1.011 < 1.5; OK
Ymax 82.860 mm
Ymin 79.781 mm
Ymax/Ymin 1.038 < 1.5; OK

7.2.5 Storey Drift:

Storey drift for earthquake loading is auto generated from program. It is
maintained to be less than 0.004% of height. Storey drift ratio for crack section
(Moment of Inertia for column 70% and for Beam 35%) is analyzed, storey drift is
maintained less than 0.012% height.

Block 2

TABLE: Story Drifts

Story Drift (EQx) Drift (EQy)

5th Floor 0.001112 0.001536

4th Floor 0.001861 0.002463
3rd floor 0.002328 0.003056
2nd Floor 0.002421 0.003162
1st Floor 0.001748 0.002436
Ground Floor 8.9E-05 0.000679
Storey drift ratio < 0.004

TABLE: Story Drifts

Story Drift (EQx) Drift (EQy)

5th Floor 0.002488 0.003462

4th Floor 0.003901 0.005189
3rd floor 0.004814 0.00632
2nd Floor 0.00486 0.006321
1st Floor 0.003232 0.004368
Ground Floor 0.000102 0.000964

Storey drift ratio < 0.012 (Crack Section)

Page 26
7.2.6 Mass Irregularity
Ratio of storey mass of above and lower floor is maintained to be less than 1.5
as per IS 1893:2016.

Block 2

Seismic Weight
Check
Storey (kN)
kN Wi+1 <1.5Wi
5th Floor 471116.56 ok
4th Floor 441972.11 ok
3rd floor 435802.83 ok
2nd Floor 430019.12 ok
1st Floor 433738.51 ok
Ground Floor 380905.31 -

7.2.7 Stability Indices

Stability indices is checked as per Annex E of IS 456:2000 for all storeys to classify
the columns in a given storey as non-sway or sway columns. Column was
calculated to be sway as shown in following table.

Block 2

Stability index In X direction

Lateral Storey
Axial StoreyDrift,Δ
Load Height Classificatio
Storey Load,Pu u
Hu Hs n
KN (mm) KN (mm)
5th Floor 9098.486 7.414 1044.875 3000 0.021519694 non-sway
4th Floor 13866.96 12.802 1834.813 3300 0.029319283 non-sway
3rd floor 18697.31 15.796 2275.343 3300 0.039333763 non-sway
2nd Floor 21804.66 14.909 2493.767 3300 0.039502812 non-sway
1st Floor 29218.22 10.273 2524.076 3300 0.036035842 non-sway

Page 27
 Stability index In Y direction
Lateral Storey
Axial Load Height
StoreyDrift,Δu
Storey Load,Pu Classification
Hu Hs
KN (mm) KN (mm)
5th Floor 9098.4862 9.763 1044.8751 3000 0.028337843 non-sway
4th Floor 13866.9633 16.083 1834.8134 3300 0.036833466 non-sway
3rd floor 15363.9822 18.624 2275.3434 3300 0.038107975 non-sway
2nd Floor 22138.001 14.626 2493.7679 3300 0.039345403 non-sway
1st Floor 27484.8901 12.068 2524.0763 3300 0.039821066 non-sway

7.2.8 Center of Mass and Rigidity

Centers of mass and rigidity is calculated to determine the eccentricity ratio.
5% of eccentricity ratio is checked, if exceed check value of eccentricity ratio
is increased. For this building calculation check for the eccentricity ratio due to
center of mass and rigidity is as follows:

Block 2

TABLE: Centers of Mass and Rigidity

XCC YCC Diff Diff
Story M M XCR YCR x y ex ey ex% ey% ex% ey%
m m m m
10. 12. 0.04
1st 978 6.92 009 6.81 1.03 0.11 6854 0.008 4.69 0.87 < 5%; < 5%;
Floor 7 49 5 2 08 29 545 685 % % OK OK
10. 11. 0.02
2nd 971 6.93 607 6.86 0.63 0.07 8940 0.005 2.89 0.55 < 5%; < 5%;
Floor 2 22 9 06 67 16 909 508 % % OK OK
10. 0.01
3rd 950 6.94 11. 6.88 0.39 0.05 7877 0.004 1.79 0.45 < 5%; < 5%;
floor 7 01 344 1 33 91 273 546 % % OK OK
11.
4th 10. 6.93 226 6.89 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.003 1.16 0.32 < 5%; < 5%;
Floor 971 3 2 18 52 12 16 169 % % OK OK
10. 11. 0.00
5th 945 6.97 163 6.89 0.21 0.07 9881 0.005 0.99 0.59 < 5%; < 5%;
Floor 8 66 2 97 74 69 818 915 % % OK OK

Page 28
7.2.9 Foundation Design:
Foundation was designed as a mat foundation based on 163 kN/m2 bearing
capacity for soil type II (N>50+). The soil subgrade reaction was taken as 20897
kN/m2/m (safety factor =3; settlement criteria=23.4mm). The modeling of
foundation has been done using SAFE version 16 and designed accordingly by
the software. The thickness was checked for punching shear to be less than 1
and soil pressure to be less than 163kN/m 2 for service load and designed with
the help of SAFE 16.

Page 29
Page 30
Figure 4: Punching Check (block 2)

Figure 5: Soil pressure diagram (block 2)

Referring to IS19004, foundation is analyzed in service load (DL+LL) only. [seismic

load (12128.92 kN) is less than 25% of dead and live loads (57162.4 kN)].

Page 31
 Chapter 8 : Summary
8.1 Summary
Design was carried out for the building for which structural system of frame and
steel truss was adopted as SMRF. The footings were checked for mat and
purposed for pile where necessary. Foundation design is carried out considering
soil bearing capacity of 163kN/m2. This building was designed on the basis of IS
1893 (part-1):2016.The proposed design satisfies the key requirement of the
building codes.

The detail structural drawings of all elements are in separate volume of

drawing.

Page 32