PILE WORK (ORIENT SQUARE HOTEL)

INTRODUCTION

Pile foundations consist of piles that are dug into soil till a layer of stable soil is
reached. Pile foundations transfer
building load to the bearing ground
with the greater bearing capacity. Pile
foundations are useful in regions with
unstable upper soil that may erode, or
for large structures. It resists Lateral
loads come from a variety of sources
including wind, earthquakes, waves,
and ship impacts.

NECESSITY OF PILE FOUNDATION:

 A pile foundation is required to reduce settlement.
 Pile foundations are required for the transmission of structure loads through
deep water to a firm stratum.
 They are used to resist horizontal forces in addition to support the vertical loads
in earth-retaining structures and tall structures that are subjected to horizontal
forces due to wind and earthquake.
 Piles are required when the soil conditions are such that a washout or erosion
of soil may occur from underneath a shallow foundation.
 Followings are the types of pile foundation used in
construction:
 Based on Function or Use. Sheet Piles. Load Bearing Piles. End bearing Piles.
Friction Piles. Soil Compactor Piles.
 Based on Materials and Construction Method. Timber Piles. Concrete Piles. Steel
Piles. Composite Piles.

Piling (Orient square hotel Lahore):

Based upon material concrete piles has been used as the foundation of Orient
Square.
The design of piling and shoring of Orient square Lahore is divided into three
zones.
Number of piles in
Zone 1 = 150
zone 2 = 141
zone 3 = 82

So the total number of piles are 373.

EQUIPMENT:

The equipment used in this procedure is:

 Rotary bore piling machine

 Concrete transit mixer
 Excavator
 Total station
 Mobile crane

SPECIFICATION OF PILE:

PILE SPECIFICATION:
PILE TYPE LENGTH (m) DIAMETER
(mm)
P1 24 1200
P2 20 1200
P2A 20 1200
P3 24 1000
P3A 24 1000
P3B 24 1000
P4 20 600
PROCEDURE:

 SURVEY WORK:

First we had to align all the center points of the piles as per the design from
the consultant.
We are given with the coordinates of the center of the pile. Just enter the
coordinates in the total station, by making
the angle and distance equal to zero so that
we can have a orign i.e the centre of the pile.
Mark this centre.

Things to be determined in survey work:

 Centre of pile
 Top of concrete PILE SCHEDULE
 Casing level
PILE TYPE CUT OFF LEVEL NO. OF PILES
 Cutoff level
P1 REFER DWG NO. S201 150

P2 REFER DWG NO S202 104

P2A -4.85 2

P3 -15.85 79

P3A -4.75 19

P3B -9.5 7

P4 REFER PILE LAYOUT PLAN 12

 EXCAVATION/ BORING:
Excavation is being done up to one metre with the help of excavator so that
the casing of the required diameter is placed accurately.
Make sure that the casing is perpendicular to its base so we can have a straight
bore.
Now a rotary boring machine is used. In rotary boring the drill bit at the tip
rotates rapidly and is supplied with pressure to bore a hole underground by
drilling and crushing soil and rock. The circulation of fresh water removes
debris or silts from the bore
continuously

STEEL CASING:

Steel casing is placed with the help of crane exactly

over the measured dimensions. It consist of small
pipe emerging at the top of casing with splits out
the mud or silt that is at the core of the boring.
 ST. TOP LEVEL CONC. TOP

SOUNDING/ BORE DEPTH:

 Top level of steel casing is measured by surveyor.

 Cut off level provided in drawing d
 Cut off level + 1m = top of concrete = D
 Steel casing level – T.O.C. LEVEL = d
 D + d = boring depth

On site: D

This depth is measured with the help of plumb line

(weight attached to rope). The rope penetrated downward
is then measured with measuring tape.
REINFORCEMENT/ STEEL CAGE:

When hollow stem auger is used to install piles, the longitudinal

steel reinforcement should be placed through cranes into the bore prior to filling
the piles with concrete.

The STEEL CAGE has three sections –

Vertical bar
Inner Spacer Ring
Outer Helical Ring.

 STEEL AT SITE (ORIENT LAHORE):

 GRADE:
60 grade steel bar.
 DIAMETER:
Diameter of steel cage used is
1200mm.

 HEIGHT OF CAGE:
Depends upon the design of the
pile. 20m or 24m
BATCHING:

Batching is the process of measuring concrete mix ingredients either by

volume or by mass. Traditionally batching is done by volume but most
specifications require the batching be done by mass rather than volume. The
concrete mix design of pile work of ORIENT SQUARE HOTEL is being done by mass.

RATIO OF INGREDIENTS
The ratios of
material (cement, CEMENT SAND AGGREGATE

sand and aggregate) 1 : 1.83 : 2.53

by mass at site are 415KG 760KG 1050KG
calculated as:

STEPS IN BATCHING PROCESS ARE:

 Put the values of required ingredients in the controlling system of batching

plant.
 Mixing is done in 1m3 tank,
concrete is poured in concrete
transit mixer.
 A sample of mixer is taken and
its temperature and slump is
measured.

REQUIRED

SPECIFICATIONS REQUIRED IN CONCRETE:

SR. NO. SLUMP TEMP
1 200mm 29oc