UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA

Faculty of Engineering
END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION – Sept 2011

CP502 ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS

(2 hours)
Answer all four (04) questions
Simplifying assumptions used in developing solutions should be stated. In case of any uncertainty about the
meaning of the question, the assumed meaning should be clearly stated.

It is an open-book examination and therefore you are free to refer to any material.

(1) a) Show that the steady, isentropic, quasi one-dimensional, compressible flow through a
varying area duct shall be governed by the following equation:
du u

dA A M 2  1
where u is the flow speed through the duct at the cross-sectional area A of the duct, and
M is the corresponding Mach number. [10 marks]
b) For a compressible flow at subsonic speeds, show that decreasing duct area increases
the flow speed and that an increasing duct area decreases the flow speed. [05 marks]
c) For a compressible flow at supersonic speeds, show that decreasing duct area decreases
the flow speed and that an increasing duct area increases the flow speed. [05 marks]

(2) Air (R = 287 J/kg.K; γ = 1.4) enters a converging duct with negligible velocity at 400 K and
600 kPa absolute pressure. Exit area of the converging duct is 10-4 m2. Sonic condition is
expected at the exit of the converging duct. Assuming steady, isentropic flow in the duct,
calculate the following using appropriate equations (without proof):
a) Exit pressure [05 marks]
b) Exit temperature [05 marks]
c) Mass flow rate through the duct [05 marks]
d) If the pressure just outside the converging duct is maintained at 100 kPa, determine the
mass flow rate through the duct. [10 marks]

Please turn over

(3) a) Air (R = 287 J/kg.K; γ = 1.4) flows at a mass flow rate of 3.56 kg/s isothermally at 300
K through a straight rough duct of circular cross-section having 0.05 m diameter. Mach
number at the inlet is 0.3, and Mach number at the exit is 0.7. Take the Fanning friction
factor as 0.005. Using appropriate equations (without proof), determine the following:
i) Pressure at the inlet [04 marks]
ii) Pressure at the exit [04 marks]
iii) The length of the pipe [08 marks]
b) Consider the problem statement of part (a), and replace the exit Mach number given in
part (a) by the limiting Mach number. For the given inlet Mach number of 0.3, mass
flow rate of 3.56 kg/s and the isothermal flow temperature of 300 K, determine the
following:
i) Limiting pressure at the exit [04 marks]
ii) Maximum length of the pipe [10 marks]

(4) A viscous film of liquid draining down the side of a wide vertical wall
is shown in the figure. At some distance down the wall, the film z y
approaches steady conditions with fully developed flow. The thickness
of the film is h.
x
a) Assuming that the atmosphere offers no shear resistance to the
motion of the film, obtain an expression for the velocity
distribution across the film. [15
marks]
h
b) Show that the volumetric flow rate per unit width of the plate is
given by
g  h3 
Q  
  3 

where g is acceleration due to gravity, and ν is the kinematic

viscosity of the liquid. [10 marks]