 PAX4 vs.

PEX o RNA polymerase

o PAX4 – beta cell of pancreas o Topoisomerase II
o PEX – peroxisome   RNA polymerase
Zellwegner syndrome o Fidaxomicin
 Imprinting disease o Rifaximin
o Angleman and Prader Willi o Rifampicin
o Pseudohypoparathyroidism o Rifabutin
o Pseudopseudohypoparathyroid o Actinomycin D
dism o Amatoxin – death cap
o Hydatidiform mole – p57 –  QT prolongation
complete mole present o All ABCDE
o Wiedelmann o Arsenic
 Rice water stool  AV block and myocarditis
o Cholera o RF
o Amanita toxin – death cap o Lyme disease
o Arsenic toxicity  Central vision gone
 Scavenger receptor o Macular degeneration
o Receptor A – in mAcrophage – o Lever Optic neuropathy
for LDL  Cribiform plate
o B1 – in liver – for HDL o Mucor
 Anosmia o Aspergillu
o Refsum disease o Nagleria
o Zinc deficiency  Yeast like
o Kallman syndrome o Tinea versicolor
 Argenine becomes essential in o PCP
o Growth period – for histone  Non-homolgous recombination
o Urea cycle disorder o CRISP/Cas9
 SCID o Ionizing radiation damage
o Copper deficiency – Menke repair
o Vitamin E o VDJ recombination
o Vitamin B12  Birth deafness
o SCID like – Friedrich ataxia and o CMV
Tabes doraslis o Syphillis
 Night blindess o Rubella
o Refsum disease  Consensus sequence
o Vitamin A deficiency o Start of DNA replication – Origin
 Antimycin vs. Actinomycin D of replication – AT rich
o Antimycin A – Complex III of sequence
ETC o Transcription – Promoter region
o Actinomycin – RNA polymerase – AT rich
 Actinomycin D
 o Translation – Kozak sequence o Sacral ganglia – S234 (HSV2)
around AUG o Sacral parasympathetics – S
 Dextran 2/3/4
o S. sanguis production  o 2/3 – SLE
attaches to platelets in SBE o S3/4 Anal win reflex
o Volume expansion  LCAT vs. ACAT
 Vitamin C = hydroxylation o LCAT – Blood
o Dopamine hydroxylation for NE o ACAT – Liver cells
production  Microtubule
o Proline and Lysine o Drugs – MGCVP
hydroxylation o Cheidak Heigshi
o Neutral Bile acid pathway – 7-α- o Dyenin arm
hydroxylase (fibrate)  Kartagener syndrome
 Maltese cross  Toxin - Tetanospasmin
o Nephrotic syndrome fatty cast  Virus – Rabies
o Babesia o Kinesin
 Fibroblast produce  Reactivation
o Collage o Stabilization of microtubule
o Erythropoietin  Tau protein – Alzheimer
 Bile acid – 70% of liver cholesterol used  Paclitaxel
to make bile acid  60s adenine out
o Neutral pathway – ER - 7-α- o Ricin toxin
hydroxylase – produces both o Shiga toxin
cholic and chenodeoxycholic o Shiga like toxin
o Acidic pathway – Mitochondria  Monday disease
and Peroxisome – only o Nitroglycerine
chenodexoycholic o Bysinosis – Monday morning
 Binds to – in Complex IV and blues
hemoglobin  Stenosis
o CN – Fe3+ o Aorta
o CO - Fe2+  Coarctation – Turner
 Thumb sign  Suprvalvular aortic
o Marfan syndrome stenosis – William
o Epiglottitis o Renal artery
 Tree like rash  Fibrous dysplasia
o Erythema infectiosum  William syndrome
o Pityriasis rosacea  GTP relation
 2/3/4 o G protein – Gs/Gi – including
o Femoral nerve – L234 Ras
o Obturator nerve – L234 o alpha and beta tubulin
o Pudendal nerve – L234 o initiation factor
 o eF 2 o Lesh Nyah
o eF1 o Anti-psychotic
o Succinyl CoA to Succinate o Parkinsonism
o PEPCK – OAA to pyruvate  XD
 Desmo o Retts
o Desmosine – Elastin o Alport
o Desmosome – Pemphigus o Vitamin D deficiency
vulgaris hypophosphetemic rickets
 Councilman bodies o Pyruvate dehydrogenase
o Viral hepatitis – zone I deficiency
o Yellow fever – zone II  XR in biochemistry
 Proteins that are active when o OTC deficiency
dephosphorylated o Fabry
o Insulin related all protein – o HGPRT
Glycogen synthase o Hunter
o Retinoblastoma o Menke
o Phospholablam o Adrenocorticoleucodystrophy
o NFAT – by cyclophilin  Mutase
o Tau protein o MethymalonylCoA mutase –
o Myosin light chain KINASE vitamin B 12
o Merlin – prevent growth and o Biphosphoglycerate mutase –
differentiation 2,3 BPG
 Centro o 3 phosphoglycerate to 2
o Centromere – chromosome phosphoglycerate
part where sister chromatids  Hearing loss in MSK
join o OI
o Centrosome – where o Paget
microtubuels join in center of  Gonad gone in biochemistry
cell o Zinc deficiency
o Centriole – present inside o Myotonic dystrophy
centrosome  Parkinsonism
 Phopholipase C o Proteosome
o Clostridium perfingens o Parkin
o Pseudomonas o PINK
o IPD/DAG pathway o DJ-1
 Co-dominance  PRPP amidotransferase inhibited by
o HLA o AMP
o Blood group o GMP
o alpha1-antitrypsin o IMP
 Dystonia o Azathioprine
o West nile virus  Cytoplasmic Ig
 o Immature – precursor B cell o Lung – calcification
o Mature – plasma cell o Bone – RA
 Thiamine  Adenine
o Transketolase o Removed from 40s by Shiga
o All TLCFN enzyme o Nucleotide where methylation
 Budding yeast occurs
o Crypto o Pentamidine binds and causes
o Blasto cross linking (also
o Paracooidoides topoisomerase II)
o Sporothrix  Topoisomerase II
 Granuloma - caseating o Etoposide/Teniposide
o Tuberculosis o Actinomycin D
o All systemic fungi o Pentamidine
o Francisella o Fluoroquinlone
o Bartonella  NMDA related
o ?Lymphogranuloma venerum (it o Memantine
is necrotizing) o Dextromethorphan
o Listeria - infantisepticum o Ketamine
 Granuloma – noncaseating o PCP
o Autoimmune orchitis  Stratum corneum limited disease
o DeQuervian o Scabies
o Crohns o Dermatophytes
o Sarcoidosis o ?tinea versicolor
o Berryliosis  Chronotrophy vs dromotrophy
o o Chrono- SA node
 Depolarizing agent o Dromo- AV node
o Open Na channel  Proofreaders in genome
 Permethrin o DNA polymerase III
 Ciguatoxin o Aminoacyl-t-RNA synthase – D
o NM blocker arm of t-RNA
 Succinyl choline  Foot process present in
 PAM o Podocyte
 Protease o Astrocyte
o Aspartate protease – HIV o Both make barriers
o Caspace – Cysteine aspartate  Absent in breast mil
protease – apoptosis o Vitamin K
o PrPsc – resistant to protease o Vitamin D
 Alpha helix to beta pleated sheet  From feces
o Amyloidosis o Cat – Toxoplasma
o Prion – PrPc to PrPsc o Dog- Echinococcus
 Silica  Unpasteurized milk
 o Campylobacter o Serine – HbF has serine in
o Brucella gamma chain in place of
 Asplenia histidine and lysine
o S>>>Hi>>N o Threonine – forms propionyl
o Babesia CoA
o Salmonella  5 is all A
 Shellfish o IgA = IL 5
o Vibrio vulnifuncus o B5 if gone Adrenal insufficiency
o HAV  Macrovesicular steatosis
 NF differential o Alcohol
o Gas gangrene o HCV - periportal
o Vibrio vulnifuncus infection o NAFLD
o GAS infection  Primer
 FGF o DNA primer – for PCR
o Achondroplasia – FGFR23 o RNA primer – for DNA
o Hypophosphetemic rickets polymerase III
o Limb growth – goes proximally  dsRNA
o Metanephros o Virus – Rotavirus
o Angiogenesis o RNA interfence
o Kallman syndrome  miRNA
 Ambigiuos word in steps  siRNA
o Nucleus – IX,X,XI  Pure RBC aplasia
o Unambigious – Genetic code o Good syndrome
feature o Parvovirus
o Genitalia  Day wise after birth
 B2 deficiency – All red o D 16 – Lyonization
o Red eye o D24 – Anterior neuropore
o Red tongue – Magneta tongue fusion
o Red lips – Chelosis o D 28 – posterior neuropore
 Glutamine fusion
o NH4 donor in kidney for H+ o 5th week – Hemisphere
removal separation
o Blood NH3 carrier main  Arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitor
o Purine ring formation o Diethylcarbamazine
o Pyrimide ring formation – CPS II o Aspirin
 Serine threonine o NSAID
o O linked glycosylation – post-  H2O2 inactivating enzyme
translation modification in golgi o Glutathione peroxidase
o target of protein kinase A and C o Catalase
 Galactosidase ≠ Galactocerebrosidase
o Galactocerebrosidase – Krabbe
 o beta-galactosidase – Fabry o P53
 ER enzymes of importance o beta-catenin
o Glucose 6 phosphatase  Asparagine ≠ Arginine
o HMG-CoA reducatse o Asparagine – N glycosylation
 TCA vs beta-oxidation o Arginine
o TCA – 3 NADH and 1 FADH  NO
o Beta oxidation – 1 NADH and 1  Urea
FADH  2’ vs 3’ in ribose
 ATGC o no OH in 2’ – deoxyribose
o A and C – methylation o no OH in 3’ – NRTI
o Cytosine  PAS positive
 CpG methylation – o Glycogen
colon cancer o Mucopolysaccharide
 Lyonization o Alpha 1 antitrypsin
 Suppression of o Whipple disease
transcription o Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
o Cytosine ≠ Cysteine syndrome
 Folate  Lyase enzyme
o Methylene – Thymydylate o HMG CoA lyase – makes
synthase Acetoacetate from HMG CoA
o Formyl – Purine and pyrimidine o ATP Citrate Lyase – makes
o Methyl Acetyl CoA from citrate
 storage form  Café-au-lait
 only enzyme that uses o Bloom
methyl THF is o Mcune Albirght syndrome
methionine synthase o NF 1
o Flat curve  SRP vs snRNP
 Lactate curve – Mcardle o SRP – polymyositis – Signal
disease reconization particle
 Ammonia curve – o snRNP – SLE anti Smith
MADD  Juxta receptors
 Acetyl CoA o glomerular – kindey
o TCA cycle o capillary – lung
o Pyruvate carboxylase obligate  Fc portion IgG
activator – from fatty acid beta o CD16 of NK binds to
oxidation – power for o FcERI of mast cell
gluconeogenesis o Protein A of Staph
o Ketone body o Complement activation site
o TG production – Malonyl CoA o IgM of RA binds
o Cholesterol via – HMG CoA  GABA drugs
 Should be undetectable in cell o Ivermectin
 o Diazepam  Useful in reduced state
o Phenobarb o Vitamin K
o Alcohol o Glutathione
o Valporate  2:1
 CN o LH:FSH > 2:1 in PCOS
o Sodium nitroprusside o Lecithin: Sphingomyelin Fetal
o Cysteinuria lung maturitys
 DHFR  Crystal inside
o Proguanil o Rienke crystal - Leydig
o Metho o Auer rod – M3
o Pyrimethamine o HbC – Crystal of hemoglobin C
o Trimehtoprim  High riding
 Hydrophobic amino acid important in o Prostate – Membranous
o Transmembrane domain of cell urethra gone
membrane receptor o Testes
o N-terminal signal of peptides  Vitamin A
 K+ site binding drugs o Periductal mastitis
o Digoxin o Cornea
o Loop diuretic o Pancreas
o Thiazide  Grey white junction of brain
 SIDS o Multiple punctuate hemorrhage
o MCAD deficiency = DAI
o Smoking o Well circumscribed mass = Mets
 Actin in microbiology and immunology  Vestibular nucleus
o Polymerization – Shigella, o Antigravity muscle
Listeria o Extensor
o Depolymerization – B. toxin, C.  Uncle herniation
difficle o PCA
o Wiskotch Aldrich o Occulomotor
 H-K ATPase o Cerebral peduncle
o Parietal cell  Atypical CD4
o Collecting duct apical surface o Sezary
 Postinfectious things o IM
o Encephalomyelitis o Other many condition
o Glomerulonephritis  Elastin vs collagen what is thrown from
 Prepro vs. proper cell
o Pre-pro – collagen o Pro alpha collagen triple helix –
o Pro – pre – B Cell from cell to outside
 Phagolysosome fusion inhibitor (tropocollagen formed outside)
o Cheidak Higashi o Tropoelastin
o Sulfatide in M. tuberculosis  Father age related
 o Autism  Enzyme
o Achondroplasia o Synthase – Anti-Jo -
 Father paternal meiotic nondysjunction Polymyositis
o Klienfelter syndrome o Helicase – Mi2 – Polymyositis
o Turner syndrome o RNA polymerase III – Diffuse
 NK cell scleroderma
o CD 16 – Fc region o Topoisomerase – Diffuse
o CD 56 – NCAM – Small cell scleroderma
Cancer  Tryptase vs. Trypsinogen
 Arsenic vs. asbestos o Tryptase – marker of mast cell
o Arsenic degranulation
 Glycolysis – 0 ATP o Trypsinogen – marker of CF in
 Binds Zinc motif – BER child screening
and NER  Sphingomyelin
 Binds to cysteine o Neiman Pick
 Lipoic acid inhibited o Surfactant
 Cigarette smoke,  Shuttle
herbicide o Malate
o Asbestos o Glycerol-3-P shunt
 Destroys chromosome o Citrate – fatty acid synthesis
 Warfarin enzyme enchancement  APS vs. APLS
o Vitamin E o APS – AIRE
o Enzyme inhibitor – RAG o APLS – Fas-FasL defect
 Ribonucleoprotein  PDGF
o SSA o Myelofibrosis
 Sjogren o Atheroscelrosis – smooth
 Neonatal heart block muscle movement
o SSB  MDR 1 vs. MDR 2
 Sjogren o MDR 1 – P glycoprotein
o U1 - MCTD o MDER 2 – Dubin Johnson
o snRNP – Anti smith  RBC formation
o SRP – Dermatomyositis o Iron – Duodenum
 DNA polymerase – all 3 have 3’ o Folate – Jejunum
exonuclease o B12 – Ileum
o I – has 5’ exonuclease  Macrophage
o II o Lung – Proteinosis
o III – Main one o Bone – Osteoporosis
o Telomerase – RNA dependent  Activating mutation
DNA polymerase o Achondroplasia
o Reverse transcriptase o Struge Weber
o Tdt – nothing dependent o Liddle syndrome
 Myoglobinuria o 11: 14 to 11:18
o McArdle  11:14 – Mantle cell
o Carnitine deficiency carcinoma – cyclin D
 Myoclonic  11:18 – marginal cell
o Infancy cancer
 Tay Sachs o VAT
o Early childhood  Validity accuracy
 Huntington  Angiosarcoma , Arsenic,
o Childhood and adolescent Thorostat
 MERRF (Myoclonic o Tingible body macrophage
epilepsy ragged red  Burkitt
fiber)  Leukemoid reaction
 Gaucher o Scoliosis
o Old  NF1
 Crutzfel Jacob  Homocystinuria
 Liver and Renal failure  Marfanoid habitus
o Bone fracture with minor  Friedrich ataxia
trauma o Lytic bone lesion in skull
 Job syndrome  HSD disease –
 Osteoporosis Langerhan cell
 Osteogenesis imperfect histiocytosis
o Parotid enlargement  ATCL
 Sjogren  Multiple myeloma
 Mumps o Sial Lewis X
o Immunodeficiency – XR  Rolling
 SCID – IL2R  H influenza virus
 Bruton  Ca 19-9 in Sial Lewis X
 Hyper IgM o Ferro
 Wisthok Aldrich  Chelatase – Fe2+ 
 CGD protoprophyrin 
 IPEX heme
o Café au lait  Oxidase – Fe3+ Fe2+
 NF in blood
 Mcune Albright o 24 hour urine black
 Bloom  Alkaptonuria
 Fanconi  AIP (acute intermittent
o 50000 porphyria)
 < 50000 –  Cysteinuria with sodium
Thrombocytopenia that nitroprusside
is symptomatic o Me
 > 50000 – Leukemoid  Menin – MEN 1
reaction  Merlin – NF 2
o ds DNA  Tamoxifen
 Homologous  Clomiphene
 ATM  Vimentin
 FA  Sarcoma
 BRCA1/BRCA2  Endometrial
 Non-homologous  RCC
 ATM  Meningioma
 Artemis o Dandy-Walker plus Chiari II
o Lipase  Meningomyelocele
 LPL – VLDL and  Hydrocephalus
chylomicron o Bimodal cancer
 HSL – adipocyte  Hodgkin
 Pancreatic lipase  Osteoblastoma
 Hepatic TG lipase – o Zinc vs. Copper
makes LDL from IDL  Collagenase – matrix
 esterase mettaloprotease  zinc
 Lysosomal esterase  Lysyl oxidase  copper
o Phospholipase o Stabilization of microtubule
 Phospholipase A1  Tau
 Phospholipase A2 –  Paclitaxel
corticosteroid o NMDA related - Glutamate
 PLC  Memantine
 PLD  Dextromethorphan
o Coronary vasodilator  Ketamine
 Cliostazole  PCP
 CCB o ATP gated
 Fenoldopam  Cl- - Cystic fibrosis
o Large platelet  K+ - Sulfonylurea
 Essential o X linked in biochemistry
thrombocytopenia  XR
 Bernard soulier  Menke
 Cheidak Higashi  HGPRT
o Negative to positive  Fabry
 Kinesin  Hunter
 Electrophoresis  OTC deficiency
o DCC  Adrenoleucody
 Necritin +  Apoptosis strophy
 Necritin - Pro-  XD
apoptosis  PDH
o SERM o CD 34 vs. CD 43
 Raloxifen  CD 34
  Hematopoietic  RNA interference
stem cell  micro RNA
 AML  siRNA
 Kaposi sarcoma o Angleman and Wiedelman
 Dermatofibrosa  Both man are
rcoma paternally imprinted
 Endothelium o Foot process
 CD 43 – Wiskott Aldrich  Astrocyte
o Uro  Podocyte
 Uroporphyrinogen – o BCR vs. BCl-2
Rash in skin  BCR = 22
 Urobilin – Urine  BCL-2 = 18
o Cytochrome o CCl4 vs. Ethylene glycol
 b – Fe3+  Fe2+ on  Liver – CCl4
duodenal cell  Kidney toxin – Ethylene
 c – ETC glycol
o 1,2 o Claw hand
 120 – RBC life  Median claw
 1-2% - Retics  Ulnar claw
o Basophil in ribosomal RNA  Klumpe claw
 Retics  I cell disease
 Basophilic stippling o Intimal fibrosis
 Nissil  Temporal arteritis
o Startle problem  Primary pulmonary
 MEERF hypertension
 Myoclonic epilepsy  Chronic allograph
o Selectin nephropathy
 P selectin – Histamine o Acidic pH
induced  Pepsinogen
 E selectin – IL 1 and TNF  Acid hydrolase
alpha induced o Transcytosis
 L selectin – in  IgA
lymphocyte  Transferrin
o Problem with exercise  Insulin
 McArdle o E2 E3 and E4
 Pomple  E4 – increases risk of
 MCAD deficiency Alzheimer
 MEERF  E2 – Type III
 Coarctation of arota dyslipidemia
o dsRNA o Lysosomal enzyme out of cell
 Virus – Reo virus  I cell disease –
 Silicosis – fibrosis
o Cilia o Collagenase
 Tubulin (Microtubule) –  Wound remodeling
2 GTP  Osteoclast – bone
 Dynein – ATPase remodeling
o Inflammation o Mosaicism
 Upregulated  Struge Weber – GNAQ
 Hepcidin  Mcune Albright – GNAS
 Ferritin o Neural crest
 Downregulated  Struge Albright
 Transferrin  Treacher Collin
o Caplan o Lewy body
 Pneumoconiosis  Parkinsonism
 Silicosis  Lewy body dementia
o Nitroprusside o WT vs. WNT
 CN poisoining  WNT
 BP down  beta catenin
 Cysteinuria  Dorsal ventral
o Aggressive in biochemistry axis
 Hunter  WT
 HGPRT  Wilm tumor
o Night blindness  WT1 – Danesy
 Refsum Drash
 Retinitis pigmentosa  WT2 –
 Vitamin A deficiency Beckwith
o Clouded cornea Widedlman
 I cell disease o Splice site disease
 Hurler  Werdnig Hoffman
o Short fingers  Beta thalassemia
 4th toe – Refsum  IKAP – Familial
 Fanconi – Thumb/radial dysautnomia
defect o iv sit ooze
 Pseudohypoparathyroid  DIC
ism – 4th digit  Acute hemolytic blood
 Triphalengeal thumb – transfusion
Diamond backfan o Caseating granuloma
o Ginival hyperplasia  Francisella
 Drugs - phenytoin  Fungal infection
 I cell  Bartonella
 AML M5 – Monocytic  Tuberculosis
 Scurvy o Non caseating
 Cyclosporin  Crohns disease
  Berrylium  William – 7
o Collagen deposition  Patau – 13
 Liver – Ito cells  Edward – 18
 Fibroblast  Down – 21
 Scleroderma  Klinerfelter – 47 XXY
 ILD  Turner – 45 XO
o Fer o H-K ATPase
 LactoFERin – Neutrophil  Parietal cell
secreted  Early DCT
 FERritin – Macrophage,  Intercalated cells
liver o E. Coli
o Growth factor in microbiology  Classic galactosemia
 Heparin biding  Vitamin E deficiency
epidermal growth o Black
factor  Lung – Coal worker
 Diphtheria  Liver – Rotor syndrome
 ILGF-1 o Point mutation
 HBx activates  Immunology – Fab
o Tumor marker region somatic
 Calcitonin – Medullary hypermutation
carcinoma  Virology – Antigenic
 Calcitriol – Lymphoma drift influenza
o Anti elastase o Lamin and laminin
 ATT deficiency  Laminin – Basement
 TIMP membrane
o Trophy  Lamina/Lamin –
 Chromotrophy – SA Nucleus intermediate
node filament
 Dromotrophy – AV o SOD
node  Mitochondria
o Neutrophil defect  Phagolysosome
 Job syndrome  ALS
 Familial meditterian o Myxoid
fever  Chondromyxoid
o NFKB activation pleomorphic adenoma
 Canonical – IKB kinase  Vocal cord nodule
 Alternative – NIK REC  Schwannoma
o Internuclear ophthalmoplegia =  Fibroadenoma
ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia  Marfan
o Chromosome o Gel electrophoresis
 Criduchat – 5  Size – DNA RNA Protein
  Charge – ALP  Fibroadenoma
isoenzyme  Leimyoma
o Proteosomal dysfunction  Breast Ca
 Parkinsonism  Endometrial Ca
 Liddle – Nedd o Lack of E cadherin
o Stretch  Diffuse type of gastric
 Cardio – Dilates ca
 Renal afferent –  LCIS in breast
constricts o Left hand and 5 fingers are used
o Decrease complement to
 C2 and C4 – C1 esterase  FAP
deficiency  PDE 5 inhibitor
 C3 and C4 – SLE o Reductase inhibitor
o Recurrent otitis media  HMG CoA reductase
 Immuno deficiency  5 alpha reductase
 Langerhan cell o GAAIT
histiocytosis  GAAIT = EIGHT = eight
o PT prolongation but thrombosis week movement starts
 XII  GAAit = GAA in
 APLA Friedriech ataxia
o Danger meditterianean food o 70 %
 Apricot seed – CN  CAD
poisoining  if lost pituitary
 Fava bean – G6PD adenoma is lost –
deficiency pituitary
o Vitamin for treatment hypopitutarism
 Methhemoglobinemia – o Glucosidase
Vitamin C  Alpha glucosidase –
 CN poisoining – Acarbose, Meglitol
Cyanocobalamine  Alpha 1,4 glucosidase –
o Phosphatidylcholine Pompe disease
 Dipalmitoylcholine – o Metformin is biguanide
lecithin o Endocrinology and depression
 Lysophosphatidylcholin  Hypercalcemia
e – CRP  Hypothyroidism
o Vitamin A deficiency  Glucagunoma
 Periductal mastitis
 Pancreatic squamous
metaplasia
 Xerophthalmia
o Estrogen dependent tumor
 Meningioma