AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
NEW PROGRAMS

Non-Conventional Material Fabrication & Heat Treatment Processes

MATL 472

Name of student:

Ass. 1
Crystal Structure

(1) What is the difference between: crystal structure and crystal system?

Crystal structure: …………………………………………………………………

Crystal system: …………………………………………………………………..

(2) Determine the density of PCC iron which has a lattice parameter of 0.2866 nm. If you
know that the measured density is 7.870 gm/cm3. What is the reason behind the
discrepancy between the theoretical and measured densities?

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AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
NEW PROGRAMS

Non-Conventional Material Fabrication & Heat Treatment Processes

MATL 472

(3) A niobium alloy is produced by introducing tungsten substitutional atoms in the

BCC structure; eventually an alloy is produced that has a lattice parameter of
0.32554 nm and a density of 11.95 g/cm3. Calculate the fraction of the atoms in
the alloy that are tungsten. (Atomic masses of niobium & tungsten are
92.91&138.85 g/mol respectively).

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 AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
NEW PROGRAMS

Non-Conventional Material Fabrication & Heat Treatment Processes

MATL 472

(4) Calcium changes from FCC to BCC as it is heated past 448°C, will be there an expansion or
contraction? How much?

(5) When aluminum is added to liquid steel to remove oxygen dissolved in the steel, the
compound Al2O3 is formed. An excess of aluminum is usually added to ensure removal
of the oxygen.

a- what type of bond is present in the Al2O3?

b- What type of bond is present between the unreacted aluminum atoms and the iron
atoms in the solid steel? (The electro negativities of Al, O2 and Fe are 1.5, 3.5 and 1.8
respectively.)

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 AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
NEW PROGRAMS

Non-Conventional Material Fabrication & Heat Treatment Processes

MATL 472

(6) Below are shown three different crystallographic planes for a unit cell of some hypo- thetical
metal; the circles represent atoms:

a) To what crystal system does the unit cell belong?

b) What would this crystal structure be called?

c) If the density of this metal is 8.95 g/cm3, determine its atomic weight.

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 AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
NEW PROGRAMS

Non-Conventional Material Fabrication & Heat Treatment Processes

MATL 472

(7) One of your associates has calculated the density of body-centered cubic iron as given
here (atomic radius =1.24 Å and atomic weight = 55.85g/mol):

Density = =
68.8 gm/cm3

Since materials do not have densities this high, there must be errors. What are these
errors? What is the true density of that element?

(8) FCC lead has a lattice parameter of 0.4949nm and contains one vacancy per 500 Pb
atoms. (Pb has atomic mass of 207.19 g/mol)
i) The true density is:

ii) The number of vacancies per gram of lead is:

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 AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
NEW PROGRAMS

Non-Conventional Material Fabrication & Heat Treatment Processes

MATL 472

(9) Explain why ceramics components made from pure zerconia are not preferred. Then
discuss the limitations of using zerconia in engineering applications.

(10) You would like to design a purification cell. The cell is to be composed of two sizes
of spheres, with the smaller ones fitting into the holes between the larger ones. A wide
variety of sizes are available, but the largest is 1 cm in diameter. A contaminated gas will
flow through the cell, with the contaminates being absorbed at the surfaces of spheres.
We have found that we need a total surface area of 10,000 cm2 to accomplish the
purification. Design such a cell.