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OBG PRENATAL Period

Golden points

1. The male sperm contributes an X or a Y

chromosome; the female ovum contributes
an X chromosome.

2. The union of a male and a female gamete

produces a zygote, which divides into the
fertilized ovum.

3. Fertilization produces a total of 46

chromosomes, including an XY combination
(male) or an XX combination (female).

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4. Spermatozoa (or their fragments) remain in
the vagina for 72 hours after sexual
intercourse.

5. If the ovum is fertilized by a spermatozoon

carrying a Y chromosome, a male zygote is
formed.

6. Implantation occurs when the cellular walls

of the blastocyte implants itself in the
endometrium.

7. Implantation in the uterus occurs 6 to 10

days after ovum fertilization.

8. After implantation blastocytes termed as

embyonic stage ( 2 - 8 weeks)

9. During Embryonic stage placenta start to

developes from 2 weeks and fully
developed at 12 to 13 weeks.

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10. Advanced blasyocytes with placenta

called as embryo.

11. From the 8th week of

gestation through delivery, the developing
cells are known as a fetus.

12. Organogenesis occurs during the first

trimester of pregnancy, specifically, days 14
to 56 of gestation.

13. Heart development in the embryo begins

at 2 to 4 weeks and is complete by the end of
the embryonic stage.

14. The baby's heart starts to beat at around

6 weeks.

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Fetal heart sound (FHS) can be detected-
15. FHS by Ultrasound at 8 weeks of
pregnancy.
16. FHS By doppler after 12 week
17. By Stethoscope at after 18-20 weeks

18. Placental development start after

fertlizataion.

19. At 12 weeks gestation, the fundus should

be at the top of the symphysis pubis.

20. At 20 weeks gestation, the fundus is at

the level of the umbilicus.

21. At 36 weeks gestation, the fundus is at

the lower border of the rib cage.

22. A premature neonate is one born before

the end of the 37th week of gestation

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23. The chorion is the outermost

extraembryonic membrane that gives rise to
the placenta.

24. The corpus luteum secretes large

quantities of progesterone.

25. Gravida is the number of pregnancies a

woman has had, regardless of outcome.

26. Para is the number of pregnancies that

reached viability, regardless of whether the
fetus was delivered alive or stillborn. A fetus
is considered viable at 20 weeks gestation.

27. A multipara is a woman who has had two

or more pregnancies that progressed to
viability, regardless of whether the offspring
were alive at birth.

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28. Positive signs of pregnancy include
ultrasound evidence, fetal heart tones, and
fetal movement felt by the examiner (not
usually present until 4 months gestation

29. Quickening, a presumptive sign of

pregnancy, occurs between 16 and 19 weeks
gestation.

30. Goodell’s sign is softening of the cervix.

31. Ovulation ceases during pregnancy.

32. Linea nigra, a dark line that extends from

the umbilicus to the mons pubis, commonly
appears during pregnancy and disappears
after pregnancy.

33. Culdoscopy is visualization of the pelvic

organs through the posterior vaginal fornix.

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34. The nurse should teach a pregnant
vegetarian to obtain protein from alternative
sources, such as nuts, soybeans, and
legumes.

35. Immunity to rubella can be measured by

a hemagglutination inhibition test (rubella
titer). This test identifies exposure to rubella
infection and determines susceptibility in
pregnant women. In a woman, a titer greater
than 1:8 indicates immunity.

36. To estimate the date of delivery

using Naegele’s rule, the nurse counts
backward three (3) months from the first day
of the last menstrual period and then adds
seven (7) days to this date.

37. During pregnancy, weight gain averages

25 to 30 lb (11 to 13.5 kg).

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38. Rubella has a teratogenic effect on the
fetus during the first trimester. It produces
abnormalities in up to 40% of cases without
interrupting the pregnancy.

39. Chloasma, the mask of pregnancy, is

pigmentation of a circumscribed area of skin
(usually over the bridge of the nose and
cheeks) that occurs in some pregnant
women.

40. The gynecoid pelvis is most ideal for

delivery. Other types include platypelloid
(flat), anthropoid (ape-like), and android
(malelike).

41. Pregnant women should be advised that

there is no safe level of alcohol intake.

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42. The nurse should instruct a pregnant
patient to take only prescribed prenatal
vitamins because over-the-counter high-
potency vitamins may harm the fetus.

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