How to create a

Bibliography:
using the APA Referencing Style
What is a Bibliography?
?

!   A Bibliography is a list of all material

used in the preparation of your
assignment. It is usually in alphabetical
order of author's surname. If a resource
has no author, list it in alphabetical
order by the first 3 letters of the title,
ignoring the words A, and The at the
beginning of a title.  
Hints
!   Remember to write down the
:

bibliographic details of a resource as

you use it. Don't wait until the end of
the assignment, when you have returned
some of the resources, and think 'which
book did I use? Where is it?' 
What bibliographic details
do I need to reference
different types of
resources?
Book
!   Author's surname, author's initial.
!   Publication date (in brackets).
!   Title – italics.
!   Place of publication: Publisher.

•  Kourik, R. (2010). The lavender garden. San Francisco: Chronicle

Books

• 
Book chapter
!   Author's surname, author's initial – of chapter
!   Publication date (in brackets).
!   Title of chapter
!   Author's surname, author's initial – of book
!   Title of book – italics.
!   Pages of chapter
!   Place of publication: Publisher.

•  Prinze, T.P. (2001). Colours of the rainbow. In F.M. Hood & T.S.
Center (Eds.). Colour spectrums. (pp. 74-85). New York, NY: Scott
Press.
•   
Journal article

•  Author surname, Initial

•   Publication date - in brackets
•   Title of article',
•   Title of periodical - italics,
•   Volume,
•   Number in brackets
•   Page number

•  Smith, M., & Brown, L. (2010). A look at gaming in education.

Schools and Education, 12(6), 123-134.
Electronic journal article
from online database
•  Author surname, Initial
•   Publication date - in brackets
•   Title of article',
•   Title of periodical - italics,
•   Volume,
•   Number in brackets
•   Page number
•  Retrieved from – URL of online database
.

•  Baker, V., Smiths, K., & Dodd, Y. (2010). Changing careers in mid stream.
Australian Journal of Careers, 23(4), 19–25. Retrieved from http://
www.jstor.org/
Newspaper article

!   Author surname, Initial.

!   Publication date - in brackets
!   Title of article',
!   Title of newspaper - italics,
!   Page number.

!   Shaw, P. (2011, May 12). Mining shares drop, The Australian, p.12. 
Encyclopedia article
!   Author's surname, author's initial – of article
!   Publication date (in brackets).
!   Title of article.
!   Volume number and pages of encyclopedia
!   Place of publication: Publisher

•  Barker, D. (2007). Tiger cubs. In International encyclopedia of

animals. (Vol. 3, pp. 22-27). New York: N.Y.: Notable Press.
Audio Visual Material
•  Surname and initials of producer
. Surname and initials of writer/director
•  Production date (in brackets)
•  Title in italics
•  Media type in square brackets
•  Place of production
•  Studio name
Movie: Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director).
(2000). You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States:
Paramount Pictures.
DVD: same as above but [DVD] in square brackets
TV program: Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The
MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and
Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.
Webpage with an author
 

. Author surname and initials

•   Date webpage created – in brackets . Hint: you will find this at the
bottom of the page
•   Title of web page in italics
•   Retrieved and date retrieved
•   from full URL 

•  Luikkonen ,P. (2008). Roald Dahl (1916-1990). Retrieved October 2,

2011, from http://kirjasto.sci.fi/rdahl.htm

• 

• 
Webpage with no author
 

. Title of webpage in italics

•   Date webpage created (in brackets) Hint: you will find this at the
bottom of the page
•   Retrieved and date retrieved
•   from full URL 

•  Roald Dahl. (2011)  Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://

www.roalddahl.com/.
• 

• 
Personal communication
!   Forms of personal communication include letters, telephone
conversations, personal interviews and e-mail messages.
!   These are not included in your bibliography as they cannot be
traced by the reader.
!   You should refer to your source in the text of your assignment (in-
text referencing).
•  Examples: 
•  D. Scott reported that 111 mm of rain fell in Turramurra yesterday.
(personal communication, October 10, 2010)
. …races. (S.Smith, personal communication, May 24, 2011)...