© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.

org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

Automatic speed control based on IoT

1
Ashiq V M, 2Sayed Muhammed N A
1 2
Student, Student,
1
Department of Computer Science , 2 Department of Electronics
1
IHRD College of Applied Science, Palakkad, India

Abstract : Most of the road accidents in India occur due to over speed and rash driving of vehicles on public roads. The rate of
accidents has increased as more vehicles come on to the ground. To control and monitor the speed of the vehicle on public roads the
respective departments of government has taken the necessary step. But it is not doing enough. Presently the motor vehicle
departments have been provided with laser speed detectors. But a man has to be there on the road, which is not an ideal way o f
monitoring. Also, the laser tracker is very costly. The IoT is recognized as one of the most important areas of future technology and
is gaining vast attention from a wide range of industries Here in this paper, we tried to develop a system to track the speed of the
vehicle in a much simpler, economical way. This system has to work 24x7 automatically by using an RFID module as its main
component, automatic speed control of our vehicle can be achieved. The RFID tag is fixed on the different signboards and RFID
reader on the vehicle. When the reader comes in the speed limit area, speed is controlled automatically

IndexTerms - IoT, RFID Module, Laser tracker.

I. INTRODUCTION
Accidents are occurring frequently in highly traffic areas .Drivers drive vigorously without caring the signals. Intimation of driver
about speed necessary. It can be done by using automatic technology with the help of embedded system and sensors. Due to the
accident cases reported daily on the major roads in all parts of the developed and developing countries, more attention is needed for
research in the designing an efficient car driving aiding system. It is expected that if such a device is designed and incorporated into
our cars as a road safety device, it will reduce the incidence of accidents on our roads and various premises, with subsequent
reduction in loss of life and property. However, a major area of concern of an engineer should be safety, as it concerns the use of
his/her inventions and the accompanying dangers due to human limitations. Here in this paper, we tried to develop a system to track
the speed of the vehicle in a much simpler, economical way. This system has to work 24x7 automatically The first idea was to use
laser module, but finding it costly it was dropped. Later we found out that IR transceivers will help in achieving the goal, which is
very simple to construct and very cheap, but it works only if the line of sight is maintained which was the main reason it was dropped.
Finally, we found that RFID module can fulfill our requirements with its key features as more economical, high reliability, etc.
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Microcontroller is the heart of the project. Here we are using PIC16F877A microcontroller. The overall circuit is
controlled by this microcontroller.
MICROCONTROLLER
An embedded microcontroller is a chip, which has a computer processor with all its support function, memory and I\O
built into the device. These built in function minimize the need for external circuit and device. These built in function minimize
the need for external circuit and device to the designed in the application. The improvements in microcontroller technology has
meant that it is often more cost effective, faster and more efficient to develop an application using a microcontroller rather than
discreet logic. Creating application for microcontroller is completely different than any other application, number of subsystems
and interfaces are available but this is not the case for the microcontroller where the following responsibilities have to be taken.
SWITCH
In electronics a switch is an electrical component which can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting
it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanically device with one
or more set of electrical contacts. Each set of contacts can be one or two states: either closed meaning the contacts are touching
the electricity can flow between them, or open meaning the contact is separated and non-conducting.
RELAY
A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts. Relays are found
hidden in all sorts of devices. In fact, some of the first computers ever built used relays to implement Boolean gates. Relay are
used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low power signal or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuit, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting
it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computer to computer to perform logical
operations .A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a
contractor. Solid-state relay control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform
switching. Relay with calibrated operating characteristic and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical
circuits form overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still
called “protective relay”.

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Fig:1 (a) Transmitter

(b) Receiver

LCD
Liquid crystal displays (lcds) have materials which combine the properties of both liquids and crystals. Rather than
having a melting point, they have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a
liquid, but are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.
An lcd consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in between them. The inner surface of
the glass plates are coated with transparent electrodes which define the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric
layers are present in between the electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal molecules to maintain a
defined orientation angle.
SOLINOID PUMB
Micro DC 3-6V Micro Submersible Pump Mini water pump For Fountain Garden Mini water circulation System DIY
project DC 3v to 6v submersible pump micro mini submersible water pump 3v to 6v DC water pump for DIY DC pump for
HOBBY kit Mini Submersible Pump Motor This is a low cost, small size Submersible Pump Motor which can be operated from a
2.5 ~ 6V power supply. It can take up to 120 liters per hour with very low current consumption of 220ma. Just connect tube pipe
to the motor outlet, submerge it in water and power it. Make sure that the water level is always higher than the motor. Dry run
may damage the motor due to heating and it will also produce noise. Specifications Operating Voltage : 2.5 ~ 6V Operating
Current : 130 ~ 220ma Flow Rate : 80 ~ 120 L/H Maximum Lift : 40 ~ 110 cm Continuous Working Life : 500 hours Driving
Mode : DC, Magnetic Driving Material : Engineering Plastic Outlet Outside Diameter : 7.5 mm Outlet Inside Diameter : 5 mm
SPEED SENSOR
Magnetic sensors are designed to respond to a wide range of positive and negative magnetic fields in a variety of
different applications and one type of magnet sensor whose output signal is a function of magnetic field density around it is
called the hall effect sensor. Hall effect sensors are devices which are activated by an external magnetic field. We know that a
magnetic field has two important characteristics flux density, (b) and polarity (north and south poles). The output signal from a
hall effect sensor is the function of magnetic field density around the device. When the magnetic flux density around the sensor
exceeds a certain pre-set threshold, the sensor detects it and generates an output voltage called the hall voltage, vh.

BUZZER
Fdkpiezoceramic buzzers generate sound through the bending vibrations of a thin metal plate adhered to a piezoceramic
disc. These buzzers feature a low power consumption, a safe, spark-free and non-contact structure, and a small size and light
weight for an easy mounting to printed circuit boards. As a result, an increasing number of piezoceramic buzzers are now used
to generate an artificial voice in combination with voice synthesizing ics. To produce high-quality piezoceramic buzzers, fdk has
capitalized on many years of piezoceramics production and outstanding ceramic processing technologies and thin film forming
techniques. By adding a sophisticated audio know-how to this manufacturing expertise, fdk offers a large array of electronic
tone generating products, such as piezoceramic diaphragms, sounders and buzzers, to meet loud sound outputs, wide frequency
ranges, and many other requirements.
PARALLEL TO SERIAL & SERIAL TO PARALLEL DATA CONVERTERS
Parallel to Serial data converters converts’ parallel inputs of data into serial data.HT12E Encoder IC is an example for
parallel to serial data converters. They are capable of Encoding 12 bit of information which consists of N address bits and 12-N
data bits. Each address/data input is externally trinary programmable if bonded out. On the other hand Serial to parallel data
converters converts serial inputs of data into parallel data. Here HT12D Decoder IC is used to convert the received input which
is in serial form to corresponding parallel form. . These ICs are paired with each other. For proper operation a pair of
encoder/decoder with the same number of address and data format should be selected. The Decoder receive the serial address
and data from its corresponding encoder, transmitted by a carrier using an RF transmission medium and gives output to the
output pins after processing the data.
RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The corresponding frequency range varies between
30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF system, the digital data is represented as variations in the amplitude of carrier wave. This kind of
modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).

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Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons. Firstly, signals through RF can travel
through larger distances making it suitable for long range applications. Also, while IR mostly operates in line-of-sight mode, RF
signals can travel even when there is an obstruction between transmitter & receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and
reliable than IR transmission. RF communication uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals which are affected by other IR
emitting sources. This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair
operates at a frequency of 434 MHz . An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through RF through its
antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF
receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter.
The RF module is often used along with a pair of encoder/decoder. The encoder is used for encoding parallel data for
transmission feed while reception is decoded by a decoder. HT12E-HT12D, HT640-HT648, etc. are some commonly used
encoder/decoder pair ICs.

III. WORKING
This project is developed using PIC Microcontroller (16F877A), RF module, HT Encoder, Decoder, 16x2lcd and few
components. The PIC Microcontroller having five ports like as PORT A, PORT B, PORT C,PORT D & PORT E respectively.
Here LCD interface have 7 pins which is connect to PORT D, decoded output of wireless data from RF Module generate noise
so it can’t communicate more than 5 meters. These problems are solved by using HT decoder. HT decoder have 4 data output,
which is collect data from RF module, and then convert to serial data into 4 bit binary data and it is connect to PORT C,
In zone section parallel data is applied to HR12E Encoder IC. It converts parallel data into serial data and fed the output
to RF transmitter. Each zone has unique combination of data. RF transmitter transmits data continuously at a range of 100
meters.
When the vehicle enters in the normal area it speed does not decrease and it goes normally no action is performed .when the
vehicle enters into the restricted areas that means it enters into the speed limiting zone .whenever it enters the transmitter module
just send an information that contains how much speed a vehicle can go inside the speed limited zone . Then the signal or
information is received by the receiver and the signal acquired from the speed meter is also given to the controller the signal is
basically analog in nature that will be converted into digital so only the micro controllable to process the signal.
The signal from the transmitter and the speed meter is compared by the controller . In this there are two case :
First ,the current speed is less than the transmitted speed the vehicle goes normally no action is required .
Second ,the information from the speed meter is greater than the transmitted speed by the transmitter module the controller
waits for few second whether the driver reduce the speed to the below value if the driver does not reduce the speed means it
automatically takes the control and reduce the speed according to it
When vehicle enters into this range, RF receiver of vehicle receives the data and sends it to the14th pin of HT12D
Decoder IC which is the input pin, and this IC converts serial input of data into parallel data and output is available at pins
10,11,12,13 respectively. The output of decoder is now fed into the PIC (PORT C pins RC0,RC1,RC2,RC3).Now
microcontroller receives the data send by the zone and it identify the zone using received data. After detection of zone it will
indicate the beep and display the zone & speed limit .The microcontroller checks the speed of vehicle with the help of hall
effect speed sensor connected to the RA4 pin of controller. Here every zone has different speed limit and already speed limit of
each zone is stored in memory. So the microcontroller compares the speed limit and vehicle’s current speed and if the speed is
above the limit buzzer will be ON for warning the driver and the controller will reduce the speed of vehicle,pin RC5 is used to
connect PUMB to microcontroller.

Fig:2 Transmitter circuit diagram

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Fig:3 Receiver circuit diagram

IV. HARDWARE
PIC16F877A
The core of the project is a PIC MICROCONTROLLER. In our system we are using a PIC 16F877A Microcontroller. We have
all come across computers in our daily life and we all know the value and the use it has in our life. Such a computer system
hidden inside a product other than a computer is called an embedded system. Our system is an embedded system as we use a
microcontroller which is a small form of minicomputer itself. We have used a microcontroller instead of a microprocessor
because the later requires external hardware like external RAM, ROM; external peripherals etc. a microprocessor with all the
external hardware can be called a microcontroller.
We choose this PIC microcontroller 16F877A, because we have to use many peripherals such as LCD and sensors. This all
can be accomplished by our PIC since it has 5 I/O ports to connect the peripherals and also it has the computation efficiency
required for this project
RF MODULE
An RF module (radio frequency module) is a (usually) small electronic device used to transmit and/or receive
radio signals between two devices. In an embedded system it is often desirable to communicate with another device wirelessly.
This wireless communication may be accomplished through optical communication or through radio frequency (RF)
communication. For many applications the medium of choice is RF since it does not require line of sight. RF communications
incorporate a transmitter and/or receiver.
RF modules are widely used in electronic design owing to the difficulty of designing radio circuitry. Good electronic
radio design is notoriously complex because of the sensitivity of radio circuits and the accuracy of components and layouts
required to achieve operation on a specific frequency. In addition, reliable RF communication circuit requires careful
monitoring of the manufacturing process to ensure that the RF performance is not adversely affected. Finally, radio circuits are
usually subject to limits on radiated emissions, and require Conformance testing and certification by a standardization
organization such as ETSI or the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). For these reasons, design engineers will
often design a circuit for an application which requires radio communication and then "drop in" a pre-made radiomodule rather
than attempt a discrete design, saving time and money on development.

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V. LAYOUT

Fig 4:PCB and Components layout

VI. FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS
In this project, only the test vehicle was present on the road. In normal driving situations, we can expect other vehicles
circulating nearby and possibly blocking or attenuating some of the RFID transmitting signals, especially with large vehicles
like trucks.
In this aspect, more experiment is needed to know how this circumstance will affect the vehicle’s control performance.
A possible solution is the use of redundant RF (since their cost is relatively low), placed at different location near the restricted
zones, to guarantee RF signal reception in unfavourable conditions
VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The performance and the outcome of the project are very satisfactory.
The ever growing field of electronics found the new milestones of discoveries through embedded systems. This can be a better
platform for the fast developing technologies. During the designing, assembling and integrating the phase of the project, we faced
a lot of problem. We overcome the difficulties faced during the work. We have learned more about operation, application,
assembling of parts and successfully testing of the equipments by doing this project. We utilize the facilities that are available to
us. There are lots of features that can be used for practical applications
ADVANTAGES
 Accidents are avoided at least in the speed restricted areas such as school and hospital zones.
 Moreover it also ensures efficient transportation of vehicles.
 Restricted areas are controlled automatically rather than manually.
 Ease of checking process at high ways and check points.
 The proposed on-board architecture is portable and easily adaptable to any commercial vehicle with minimal
modification.
FEATURES
 Very simple design and construction
 Latest Technology-Very Economically priced
 Light weight, Easy to handle, simple operation
 Works on Power and battery both.
ZIGBEE technology provides speedy data transfer

REFERENCES
[1] "The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems" by Mohammed Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi
[2] International journal of scientific &engineering research, volume 4 oct 13
[3] ATMEL AVR studio &ATmega 16 data sheet.
[4] The 8051 micro controller Architecture, Programming & Applications by Ramesh S.Gaonkar
[5] Electronic components by D.V.Prasad
[6]Design with PIC microcontroller-John B Peatman
[7]Telecommunication Switching and networks - P Gnanasivam

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