Stanford Law Review

Front Matter
Source: Stanford Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 6 (JUNE 2013)
Published by: Stanford Law Review
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 THE EMPIRICAL REVOLUTION EN LAW

Introduction: The Empirical Revolution in Law Daniel E. Ho & Larry Kramer

The Twiqbal Puzzle and Empirical Study of

Civil Procedure David Freeman Engstrom

But Seriously, Folks, What Do People Want? Barbara H. Fried

Answering Questions, Questioning Answers,

and the Roles of Empiricism in the Law
of DEMOCRACY Pamela S. Karlan

Intuitions Mark Kelman

Fact and Fiction in Corporate Law and

Governance Michael Klausner

Empirical Criminal Law Scholarship and the Shift

to Institutions Robert Weisberg

VOLUME 65 JUNE 2013 NUMBER 6

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 Stanford
Law Review
) 2013 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University

June 2013

CONTENTS

THE EMPIRICAL REVOLUTION IN LAW

Introduction: The Empirical revolution in Law 1195

Daniel E. Ho & Larry Kramer

The Twiqbal Puzzle and Empirical Study of Civil Procedure 1203

David Freeman Engslrom

But Seriously, Folks, What Do People Want? 1249

Barbara H. Fried

Answering Questions, Questioning Answers, and the

Roles of Empiricism in the Law of Democracy 1269
Pamela S. Karlan

Intuitions 1291
Mark Kelman

Fact and Fiction in Corporate Law and Governance 1325

Michael Klausner

Empirical Criminal Law Scholarship and the Shift to Institutions 1371

Robert Weisberg

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Information About the Stanford Law Review
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 EDITORIAL BOARD
VOLUME 65

Christopher D. Hu
President

CathleenHamelHartge Samuel Dolinoer

Kendall Turner Julia L. Reese
Executive Editors Managing Editors
Nicolas L. Martinez Michael Elliot Stewart
Senior Notes Editor Senior Development Editor
Matthew A. Waring
Senior Articles Editor
Lindsey Barnhart Daniel R.Cassman
Senior Finance Editor Senior Online Editor

Sarun Peter Tosirisuk

Technical Managing Editor

Articles Editors Notes Editors Online Editors

Kathryn S. Austin Kristin Marie Bachmann Denise Lambert Drake
Lucia E. Ballard Phillip Aaron Brest Robert B. Fischbeck
BenBrysacz Eric J. Hamilton Rachel Gibbons
JoshCooley Rebecca Kline William E. Havemann
RaviDoshi Laura E.Mathe David Ranzenhofer
Matthew F. Ferraro Jay R. Minga Alexandra Shechtel
David K. Hausman Manuel Possolo Maria Elena Stiteler
Nicholas M. Parker Stephanie J. Thorpe
Matthew Samuels Development Editors
Rachel S. Storch Beniamin Robert Good
Meredith Louise Williams David S. Moore
Ilan Wurman Eugenia B.Poland
Julian Cunningham Simcock
Kai A. Smith
Emily B. Speak

Members
Michael Chen Jacqueline Iwata Neil Kumar Sawhney
William Gray Cochran Samuel Jacobson RyneSaxe
Samuel D. Eisenberg Chris Jones Gabriel Schlabach
Solomon Eppel Daniel Kuo Jacob Shelly
Meredith Firetog Rebecca Anne Maurer Andrew E.Siegel
Julia K. Forgie Mark Bruns Middaugh Nick Snavely
David R.Friedman Kerrel Murray Dalia Taylor
Thomas K. Fu Andrew C. Noll Alexandra Tucker
Neha Gupta Matthew J. Owens Mary Van Houten
Patrick Gutierrez Salvador E. Pérez Jessica Verran-Lingard
John Stanton Haddock Matthew Platkin Eric Weitz
Sean F. Harb Andrew Robert Quirk Alexandra Yoshko Welch
Ryan M.Harper KyleRifkind Katharine Wies
Mariam Hinds Jackie M. Robinson Juliana M. Yee
Lily Katharine Hines RuiHui (Rachel) Yu

Business Manager
Julie Yee

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 The Stanford University School of Law
OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION
John Hennessy, B.E., M.S., Ph.D., President of the University
John Etchemendy, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Provost of the University
M. Elizabeth Magill, B.A., J.D., Dean and Richard E. Lang Professor of Law
Mark G. Kelman, B.A., J.D., James C. Gaither Professor of Law and Vice Dean
Deborah R. Hensler, B.A., Ph.D., Judge John W. Ford Professor of Dispute Resolution, and Associate Dean f
Graduate Studies
Lawrence C. Marshall, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law, Associate Dean for Clinical Education and David &Stephanie
Mills Director of the Mills Legal Clinic
Jane Schacter, A.B., J.D., William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Curriculum
F. Daniel Siciliano, B.A., J.D., Professor of the Practice of Law and Associate Dean for Executive Education and
Special Programs
Frank F. Brucato, B.A., Senior Associate Dean of Administration and Chief Financial Officer
Diane T. Chin, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Public Service and Public Interest Law and Lecturer in Law
Faye Deal, A.B., Associate Dean for Admissions and Financial Aid
Julia Erwin-Weiner, B.A., M.A., Associate Dean for External Relations
Catherine Glaze, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Student Affairs
Sabrina Johnson, B.A., Associate Dean for Communications and Public Relations and Chief Communications
Officer
Susan C. Robinson, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Career Services and Lecturer in Law

FACULTY EMERITI
Barbara Babcock, B.A., LL.B., LL.D. (hon.), Judge John Crown Professor of Law, Emérita
Paul Brest, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law, Emeritus and Former Dean
Gerhard Casper, Referendar, LL.M., Dr. iur. utr., LL.D. (hon.), President Emeritus and Peter and Helen Bing
Professor in Undergraduate Education, Professor of Law, Senior Fellow, Institute for International Stu
and Professor (by courtesy) of Political Science
William Cohen, B.A., LL.B., C. Wendell and Edith M. Carlsmith Professor of Law, Emeritus
Lance E. Dickson, B.A., LL.B., B.Com., M.L.S., Professor of Law, Emeritus, and Former Director of Robe
Crown Law Library
Marc A. Franklin, A.B., LL.B., Frederick I. Richman Professor of Law, Emeritus
William B. Gould IV, B.A., LL.B., LL.D. (hon.), Charles A. Beardsley Professor of Law, Emeritus
Thomas C. Grey, B.A., B.A., LL.B., LL.D. (hon.), Nelson Bowman Sweitzer and Marie B. Sweitzer Profes
Law, Emeritus
Thomas C. Heller, B.A., LL.B., Lewis Talbot and Nadine Hearn Shelton Professor of International Legal S
Emeritus
Miguel A. Méndez, A. A., B.A., J.D., Adelbert H. Sweet Professor of Law, Emeritus
John Henry Merryman, B.S., M.S., J.D., LL.M., J.S.D., Nelson Bowman Sweitzer and Marie B. Sweitzer Professor
of Law, Emeritus, and Affiliated Professor, Department of Art, Emeritus
Kenneth E. Scott, B.A., M.A., LL.B., Ralph M. Parsons Professor of Law and Business, Emeritus
Michael S. Wald, B.A., M.A., LL.B., Jackson Eli Reynolds Professor of Law, Emeritus

PROFESSORS
Janet Cooper Alexander, B.A., M.A., J.D., Frederick I. Richman Professor of Law
Joseph M. Bankman, B.A., J.D., Ralph M. Parsons Professor of Law and Business
R. Richard Banks, B.A., M.A., J.D., Jackson Eli Reynolds Professor of Law
Juliet M. Brodie, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law and Director, Stanford Community Law Clinic
James Cavallaro, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law and Director, Stanford International Human Rights and Confli
Resolution Clinic
Joshua Cohen, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Professor of Political Science, Philosophy and Law (on leave)
G. Marcus Cole, B.S., J.D., Wm. Benjamin Scott and Luna M. Scott Professor of Law
Richard Craswell, B.A., J.D., William F. Baxter-Visa International Professor of Law
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar, A.B., M. A., J.D., Ph.D., Stanley Morrison Professor of Law, Professor of Politic
Science (by courtesy), and Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Robert M. Daines, B.S., B.A., J.D., Pritzker Professor of Law and Business and Professor (by courtesy) of Fin
Michele Landis Dauber, B.S.W., J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Law, Bernard D. Bergreen Faculty Scholar, and
Professor (by courtesy) of Sociology
John J. Donohue III, B.A., J.D., Ph.D., C. Wendell and Edith M. Carlsmith Professor of Law
David Freeman Engstrom, A.B., M.Sc., J.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Law
Nora Freeman Engstrom, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law
George Fisher, B.A., J.D., Judge John Crown Professor of Law and Faculty Co-Director, Criminal Prosecutio
Clinic

Jeffrey L. Fisher, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law and Co-Director, Supreme Court Litigation Clinic

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Richard Thompson Ford, B.A., J.D., George E. Osborne Professor of Law
Barbara H. Fried, B.A., M. A., J.D., William W. and Gertrude H. Saunders Professor of Law
Lawrence M. Friedman, B.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.D. (hon.), Marion Rice Kirkwood Professor of Law, Professor (by
courtesy) of History, and Professor (by courtesy) of Political Science
Ronald J. Gilson, B.A., J.D., Charles J. Meyers Professor of Law and Business
Paul Goldstein, B.A., LL.B., Stella W. and Ira S. Lillick Professor of Law
Robert W. Gordon, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
Henry T. Greely, B.A., J.D., Deane F. and Kate Edelman Johnson Professor of Law and Professor (by courtesy) of
Genetics
Joseph A. Grundfest, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., W.A. Franke Professor of Law and Business
Deborah R. Hensler, B.A., Ph.D., Judge John W. Ford Professor of Dispute Resolution and Associate Dean for
Graduate Studies
Daniel E. Ho, B.A., A.M., Ph.D., J.D., Professor of Law and Robert E. Paradise Faculty Fellow for Excellence in
Teaching and Research
Erik G. Jensen, B.A., J.D., Professor of the Practice of Law
Pamela S. Karlan, B.A., M.A., J.D., Kenneth and Harle Montgomery Professor of Public Interest Law and Co
Director, Supreme Court Litigation Clinic
Mark G. Kelman, B.A., J.D., James C. Gaither Professor of Law and Vice Dean
Amalia D. Kessler, B.A., M.A., J.D., Ph.D., Lewis Talbot and Nadine Hearn Shelton Professor of International
Legal Studies
Daniel P. Kessler, B.A., J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Law, Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution, and Professor of Health
Research and Policy (by courtesy) of School of Medicine
Michael Klausner, B.A., M.A., J.D., Nancy and Charles Munger Professor of Business and Professor of Law
William S. Koski, B.B.A., J.D., Ph.D., Eric and Nancy Wright Professor of Clinical Education and Director, Youth
and Education Law Project
Larry D. Kramer, B.A., J.D., Former Dean and Professor of Law (on leave)
Mark A. Lemley, B.A, J.D., William H. Neukom Professor of Law
M. Elizabeth Magill, B.A., J.D., Dean and Richard E. Lang Professor of Law
Lawrence C. Marshall, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law, Associate Dean for Clinical Education and David &
Stephanie Mills Director of the Mills Legal Clinic
Jenny S. Martinez, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law and Warren Christopher Professor in the Practice of International
Law and Diplomacy
Michael W. McConnell, B.A., J.D., Richard and Frances Mallery Professor of Law
David W. Mills, B.A., J.D., Professor of the Practice of Law and Senior Lecturer in Law
Jay Mitchell, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law and Director, Organizations and Transactions Clinic
Alison D. Morantz, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Law and John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty Scholar
Joan Petersilia, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Adelbert H. Sweet Professor of Law
A. Mitchell Polinsky, B.A., Ph.D., M.S.L., Josephine Scott Crocker Professor of Law and Economics
Robert L. Rabin, B.S., J.D., Ph.D., A. Calder Mackay Professor of Law
Dan Reicher, B.A., J.D., Professor of the Practice of Law
Deborah L. Rhode, B.A., J.D., Ernest W. McFarland Professor of Law
Jane Schacter, A.B., J.D., William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Curriculum
F. Daniel Siciliano, B.A., J.D., Professor of the Practice of Law and Associate Dean for Executive Education and
Special Programs
Deborah A. Sivas, B.A., M.S., J.D., Luke W. Cole Professor of Environmental Law and Director, Environmental
Law Clinic
Norman W. Spaulding, B.A., J.D., Nelson Bowman Sweitzer and Marie B. Sweitzer Professor of Law
Jayashri Srikantiah, B.S., J.D., Professor of Law and Director, Immigrants' Rights Clinic
James Frank Stmad II, B.A., J.D., Ph.D., Charles A. Beardsley Professor of Law
Barton H. Thompson, Jr., B.A., J.D., M.B.A., Robert E. Paradise Professor of Natural Resources Law and Perry L.
McCarty and Director, Woods Institute for the Environment
George Triantis, J.S.D., James and Patricia Kowal Professor of Law
Ronald Tyler, B.S., J.D., Associate Professor of Law and Director, Criminal Defense Clinic
Barbara van Schewick, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Law and Helen L. Crocker Faculty Scholar
Shirin Sinnar, A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law
Michael Wara, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Associate Professor of Law
Robert Weisberg, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., J.D., Edwin E. Huddleson, Jr. Professor of Law

SENIOR LECTURERS
Margaret R. Caldwell, B.S., J.D., Senior Lecturer in Law and Executive Director for Oceans Solutions and Senior
Lecturer, Woods Institute for the Environment
Janet Martinez, B.S., J.D., M.P.A., Senior Lecturer in Law
Allen S. Weiner, B.A., J.D., Senior Lecturer in Law

VISITING PROFESSORS & AFFILIATED FACULTY

Michelle Anderson, M. Sc., J.D., Visiting Assistant Professor of Law
Michael Asimow, J.D., Visiting Professor of Law
Elizabeth Blankespoor, M.Acc., Ph.D., Affiliated Faculty
Alexandria (Ali) Boehm, M.S., Ph.D., Affiliated Faculty

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Kate Bundorf, M. Ph., Ph.D., Affiliated Faculty
John-Paul Ferguson, M.A., Ph. D., Affiliated Faculty
Siegfried Fina, J.D., J.S.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law
Joy Ishii, A.M., Ph.D., Affiliated Faculty
Michael Karayanni, LL.B., LL.M., LL.D., S.J.D., Visiting Professor of Law
David F. Larcker, M.S., Ph.D., Professor (by courtesy) of Law
Jose Maldonado, M.D., Professor (by courtesy) of Law
Robert Merges, J.D., LL.M., J.S.D., Visiting Professor of Law
Clifford Nass, M.A., Ph.D., Professor (by courtesy) of Law
Burt Neuborne, LL.B., Visiting Professor of Law
Joost Pauwelyn, Ph.D., Visiting Professor of Law
Rogelio Perez-Perdomo, Ph.D., Visiting Professor of Law
Paul C. Pfleiderer, M.Phil., Ph.D., Professor (by courtesy) of Law
Madhav Rajan, M.S., M.B.A., Ph.D., Professor (by courtesy) of Law
Jack Rakove, Ph.D., Professor (by courtesy) of Law
Stefan Reichelstein, M.S., Ph.D., Affiliated Faculty
Helen Stacy, LL.B., Ph.D., Affiliated Faculty
Barry Weingast, Ph.D., Affiliated Faculty

LECTURERS AND TEACHING FELLOWS

Julie Ahrens, J.D. Lucas Guttentag, J.D. Stephan Ray, J.D.
Alvin Attles, M.A. Tim Hallahan, J.D. Susan Robinson, J.D.
Simao Avila, J.D. Brad Handler, J.D. John Rodkin, M. Eng., J.D.,
Daniel Barton, J.D. Laurie Hane, J.D. M.B.A.
William Baude, J.D. Keith Hennessey, M.A. Michael Romano, J.D.
Marilyn Bautista, J.D. Brooke Heymach, J.D., M.S.W. Andrew Roper, M.A., Ph.D.
Jeanine Becker, J.D. Ivan Humphreys, J.D. Stephen Rosenbaum, J.D., M.P.P.
Tanya Beder, M.B.A. David Johnson, J.D., J.S.M. Matthew Rossiter, J.D.
Byron Bland, M.A., M.Div. Danielle Jones, J.D. Kevin Russell, J.D.
Viola Canales, J.D. Julie Matlof Kennedy, J.D. Leah Russin, J.D.
Diane Chin, J.D. Jason Kipnis, M.S., J.D. Ticien Sassoubre, Ph.D.
Daniel Cooperman, J.D., M.B.A. Suzanne McKechnie Klahr, J.D. William (Billy) Schwartz,
Maggie Crosby, J.D. Jeffrey Kobrick, J.D. Rachelle Silverberg, J.D.
Betsy de la Vega, J.D. Charles Koob, J.D. Bryant Walker Smith, J.D., LL.M.
Michael Dickstein, J.D. Phillip Levine, J.D. Stephanie Smith, J.D.
Ron Dolin, Ph.D. May Liang, J.D. Steven Smith, M.Phil., LL.B., J.D.
Lisa Douglass, J.D. Goodwin Liu, J.D. James (Jim) Sonne, J.D.
Jared Ellias, J.D. Mina Titi Liu, J.D. Stephan Sonnenberg, J.D.
Bonnie Eskenazi, J.D. Paul Lomio, J.D., LL.M., M.L.I.S. Michelle Sonu, S.B., J.D.
Russ Feingold, J.D. Beth McLellan, J.D. Kimberly Summe, J.D.
Randee Fenner, J.D. Jeanne Merino, J.D. Alicia Thesing, J.D.
Bertram Fields, LL.B. Roberta Morris, J.D., Ph.D. Dan Torres, J.D.
Jay Finkelstein, J.D. Carly Munson, J.D. Adine Varah, J.D.
David Forst, J.D. Linda Netsch, J.D. Roland Vogl, J.D., J.S.M., J.S.D.
Simon Frankel, M.Phil, J.D. Thomas Nolan, J.D. Nisha Vyas, J.D.
Laurence Franklin, J.D., M.B.A. Jessica Notini, J.D. Vaughn Walker, J.D.
Michelle Galloway, J.D. B. Howard Pearson, J.D. Erika Wayne, J.D., M.S.
Mei Gechlik, J.S.D., M.B.A. Lisa Pearson, J.D., J.S.M. Dana Weintraub, M.D.
Tracy Genesen, J.D. Sergio Puig, LL.B., J.S.M., J.S.D. Robert Wexler, J.D.
Marshall Goldberg, J.D. John Quigley, J.D., M.B.A., Katherine Wright, J.D.
Alex Gould, J.D. M.Phil. James Yoon, J.D.
Jonathan Greenberg, J.D. Sarah Rajec, J.D.

PROFESSIONAL LIBRARY STAFF

Annie Chen, B.A., M.L.S. Erika V. Wayne, A.B., J.D., M.S.
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Alba Holgado, B.A. Sarah Wilson, B.A., M.L.I.S.
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1268 STANFORD LAW REVIEW [Vol. 65:1249

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1290 STANFORD LAW REVIEW [Vol. 65:1269

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1324 STANFORD LA WREVIEW [Vol. 65:1291

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