Aakash Zoology

Chapter 1
Structural Organisation in Animals

(Animal Tissues)
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
(Animal Tissue)
1. The term ‘tissue’ was introduced by
(1) Robert Hooke (2) Bichat (3) Ruysch (4) Mayer
Sol. Answer (2)
Robert Hooke first observed cell through a microscope as dead cells.
Bichat introduced the term 'Tissue' and is known as founder of animal histology. Mayer coined the term
'Histology'. Ruysch introduced the term 'Epithelium'.
2. Presence of tissues in a multicellular organism ensures

(1) Faster development (2) Division of labour
(3) Higher reproductive potential (4) Body strength
Sol. Answer (2)
Tissue is a group of similar cells along with intercellular substances, which are specialized to perform a specific
function. Each tissue performs one or more function of body. Thus, body of multicellular organism exhibits
division of labour and contribute to survival of body as whole.
3. A group of cells alike in form, function and origin constitute a/an

(1) Tissue (2) Organ (3) Organelle (4) Organ system
Sol. Answer (1)
Group of cells with similar appearance and common function form tissues.
4. The tissue that external and internal surfaces of parts of body in animals is
(1) Connective (2) Muscular (3) Nervous (4) Epithelial
Sol. Answer (4)
Occurring as sheet of cells, epithelial tissues, covers the outside of body and line organs and cavities within body.
(Epithelial Tissue)
5. Cells of germinal epithelium are _________.
(1) Cuboidal (2) Columnar (3) Ciliated (4) Squamous
Aakash Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph. 011-47623456
56 Structural Organisation in Animals (Animal Tissues) Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
Sol. Answer (1)

Germinal epithelium of ovary and seminiferous tubule is made of cuboidal epithelial cells.
6. Cell junctions like tight, adhering and gap junctions are mainly present between the neighbouring
cells of
(1) Neural tissue (2) Connective tissue (3) Muscular tissue (4) Epithelial tissue
Sol. Answer (4)
Epithelial cells are held together by specialised intercellular junctions, which serve as structural and functional
links between cells.
7. Goblet cells secrete

(1) Mucus (2) Enzymes (3) HCl (4) Hormones
Sol. Answer (1)
Goblet cells are simple columnar cells that produce mucus. Because of shape produced during secretion of
mucus, mucus secreting cells are called goblet cells.
8. Pavement epithelium is an alternate name for

(1) Squamous epithelium (2) Cuboidal epithelium (3) Ciliated epithelium (4) Compound epithelium
Sol. Answer (1)
Simple squamous epithelium consist of a single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries. The cells
are closely fitted like tiles in a floor. So these are also known as pavement epithelium.
9. Match the following:

Column-I Column-II
a. Squamous epithelium (i) Lining of intestine
b. Cuboidal epithelium (ii) Ovary
c. Columnar epithelium (iii) Blood vessels
d. Ciliated epithelium (iv) Bronchioles
(1) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv) (2) a(iii), b(ii), c(i), d(iv)
(3) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii) (4) a(i), b(iv), c(iii), d(ii)
Sol. Answer (2)
Column-I Column-II
a. Squamous epithelium Blood vessels walls
b. Cuboidal epithelium Ovary (germinal epithelium)
c. Columnar epithelium Lining of intestine
d. Ciliated epithelium Bronchioles (Ciliated cuboidal epithelium)
10. Brush bordered columnar epithelial tissue is located in

(1) Fallopian tube (2) Oesophagus (3) Trachea (4) Small intestine
Sol. Answer (4)
Intestinal epithelium bear microvilli to increase surface area of absorption. This gives a brush-bordered
appearance to epithelium. Hence called brush-bordered columnar epithelium.
11. Trapped dust particles are pushed out of respiratory tract by

(1) Squamous epithelium (2) Glandular epithelium
(3) Ciliated epithelium (4) Compound epithelium
Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Structural Organisation in Animals (Animal Tissues) 57
Sol. Answer (3)
Columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells bear cilia on their free surface, called ciliated epithelium. The cilia remain
in rhythmic motion and create a current to transport material which come in contact with them. In respiratory
tract, it helps in expelling mucus and trapped particles towards outside.
(Connective Tissue)
12. Which of the following cells of connective tissue secrete antibodies?
(1) Mast cells (2) Plasma cells (3) Macrophages (4) Fibroblasts
Sol. Answer (2)
Mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages, fibroblasts are cells of connective tissue. Plasma cells produce
antibodies or immunoglobulins.
13. Dense irregular connective tissue is found in

(1) Skin (2) Tendon (3) Ligament (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Dense irregular connective tissue has fibroblast and many fibres (mostly collagen) and are oriented differently.
This tissue is present in skin.
14. The cells of connective tissue which produce histamine are

(1) Fibroblasts (2) Macrophages (3) Mast cells (4) Plasma cells
Sol. Answer (3)
Cytoplasm of mast cells contain granules of Heparin and Histamine. Histamine produces inflammation,
increases permeability of blood vessels, causes contraction of smooth muscles.
15. Blubber of whale is an example of

(1) Areolar tissue (2) Adipose tissue (3) Tendon (4) Muscular tissue
Sol. Answer (2)
Adipose tissue is an aggregation of fat cells or adipocytes. Each adipocyte is rounded or oval containing a
large droplet of fat that almost fills it.
Adipose tissue is found in blubber of whales and elephants that regulates body fat and weight.
16. Haversian canals are found in

(1) Matrix of mammalian bone (2) Matrix of amphibian bone
(3) Matrix of reptilian bone (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Haversian canal is characteristic feature of mammalian bones are present in matrix. Each haversian canal
contains an artery, a vein, a lymph vessel, a nerve and some bone cells all packed within connective tissue.
17. The protein which occurs in the matrix of bone is

(1) Ossein (2) Chondrin (3) Keratin (4) Globulin
Sol. Answer (1)
Matrix of bone contains ossein protein.
18. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. the structure of a bone

(1) The matrix of bone is present in the form of layers called lamellae
(2) Lamellae consist of fluid filled spaces called lacunae
(3) Lacunae contain bone cells called chondrocytes
(4) The matrix is solid because of the presence of salts such as calcium phosphate
Sol. Answer (3)

Bone cells called osteocytes lie in lacunae singly.
19. The most widely distributed connective tissue in the body of animals is
(1) Areolar (2) Adipose (3) Cartilage (4) Dense irregular
Sol. Answer (1)
Areolar tissue is most widely distributed connective tissue in animal body. Areolar tissue serves as support
framework for epithelium. It is present beneath the skin.
Areolar tissue joins skin to muscles, fills space inside organs.
20. The connective tissue which acts as an insulator and prevent loss of heat from the body is
(1) Areolar (2) Adipose (3) Blood (4) Cartilage
Sol. Answer (2)
Adipose tissue is specialised loose connective tissue which possesses abundant fat storing cells/adipocytes.
Adipose tissue act as fat reservoir and act as an insulator. Being poor conductor of heat, it reduces heat loss
from body.
21. Both RBCs and WBCs are formed in

(1) Cartilage (2) Thyroid (3) Bone marrow (4) Plasma
Sol. Answer (3)
In long bones, cavity called bone marrow cavity is present. This cavity is filled with soft and semi solid fatty
tissue termed as bone marrow. The bone marrow in some bones is site of production of blood cells (such as
RBCs, WBCs, Platelets etc).
22. Which of the following cells in areolar tissue are phagocytic?

(1) Histiocytes (2) Fibroblasts (3) Macrophages (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
Macrophages are also known as Histiocytes, which occur in connective tissue. Macrophages engulf and digest
microbes, foreign particles and degenerating cells. Macrophages/Histiocytes are thus phagocytic in nature.
23. The connective tissue in which the matrix is not secreted by its component cells is
(1) Skeletal (2) Vascular/fluid (3) Dense regular (4) Dense irregular
Sol. Answer (2)
Fluid connective tissue (blood) is made of fibre free fluid matrix and specialised living cells that do not secrete
fluid matrix. The fluid component of vascular tissue is derived from extracellular fluid.
24. Sprain is caused due to stretching of

(1) Tendon (2) Ligament (3) Muscle (4) Nerve
Sol. Answer (2)
Sprain is injury in joint in which some of fibres of supporting ligaments are ruptured through continuity of
ligament and its binding to two bones remain intact.
(Muscular Tissue)
25. Which of the following muscles act involuntarily?
(a) Striated muscles (b) Smooth muscles
(c) Cardiac muscles (d) Skeletal muscles
(1) (a) & (b) (2) (b) & (c) (3) (c) & (d) (4) (a) & (d)
Sol. Answer (2)
Skeletal muscle (striated or striped muscle) – Voluntary muscle, e.g. movement of arms, legs etc.
Smooth muscle (unstriped or non-striated muscle) – Involuntary muscle e.g. posterior part of oesophagus,
stomach, intestine, blood vessels
Cardiac muscle – Involuntary muscle e.g. cardiac muscle in wall of heart.
26. In a skeletal muscle fibre, the nuclei lie are
(1) Diffused (2) Centrally (3) Peripherally (4) Absent is absent
Sol. Answer (3)
Skeletal/striated muscle fibers are long cylindrical unbranched fibers. These fibers are multinucleated and their
nuclei are peripheral in position.
27. Intercalated discs are present in

(1) Striated muscles (2) Unstriated muscles (3) Cardiac muscles (4) Neurons
Sol. Answer (3)
Intercalated discs are unique and distinguishing feature of cardiac muscle. They are dark, irregular zig-zag
partitions between adjacent cardiac muscle cells. They have both transverse and lateral portions. Intercalated
disc provide firm adhesions between adjacent cells, electrical coupling for spread of excitation as well as
contraction.
28. Which type of muscles show peristaltic movements in the gastrointestinal tract?
(1) Striated (2) Smooth (3) Cardiac (4) Skeletal
Sol. Answer (2)
Smooth muscles (non-striated muscles) help in bringing about involuntary movement in body such as peristalsis
(movement of food in alimentary canal). These muscles are found in posterior part of oesophagus, stomach
and intestine which undergo peristaltic movement in gastrointestinal tract.
29. Cardiac muscle fibres are

(1) Striated and involuntary (2) Striated and voluntary
(3) Non-striated and involuntary (4) Non-striated and voluntary
Sol. Answer (1)
Cardiac myofibrils have transverse faint dark and light bands, which alternate with each other. Cardiac muscles
are involuntary muscles.
30. Gap junctions are characteristically found in

(1) Skeletal muscles (2) Cardiac muscles
(3) Multi-unit smooth muscles (4) Striated muscles
Sol. Answer (2)
Gap junctions allow molecules and ions to pass freely between cells. Cardiac muscles are auto-rhythmic.
Intercalated discs are located between cardiac muscle cells. They contain gap junctions which provide channels
between cells. The intercalated disc allows waves of depolarisation to sweep across cells thus synchronising
muscle contraction.
31. Contractile proteins are found in

(1) Bone (2) Blood (3) Cartilage (4) Muscles
Sol. Answer (4)
Muscles have contractile nature. The contractile structure of muscle cells are called myofibrils. Myofibrils are
made of myofilaments. Myofilaments are of two types, myosin and actin. Contraction occurs due to sliding
of actin filaments on myosin filaments.
(Nervous Tissue)
32. The nerve cells do not possess
(1) Axon (2) Dendrites (3) Nerve endings (4) Adhering junctions
Sol. Answer (4)
Nerve cells do not lie in direct contact with each other. Signals are transmitted from one nerve cell to other
via electrical synapse mediated by neurotransmitter. Thus nerve cells do not possess adhering junctions.
33. Nissl’s granules are present in which part of a neuron?

(1) Cyton (2) Synaptic knobs (3) Axon (4) Nerve endings
Sol. Answer (1)
Nissl granules or Nissl bodies are present in cyton or cell body. Nissl bodies are basophilic structure of various
shapes. They are pieces of granular endoplasmic reticulum with or without free polyribosomes. They aid in rapid
synthesis of protein and enzymes required by neurons.
34. The functional junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next is called
(1) Desmosome (2) Synapse (3) Oblique bridge (4) Tight junction
Sol. Answer (2)
Synapse is an area of specialised junction between two neurons for transmission of impulse. Synapse between
axon terminal of one and dendron terminal of another mode of neurotransmission across a synapse is chemical
or electric.
35. Neuroglia
(1) Protect neurons
(2) Support neurons
(3) Make up more than one-half the volume of neural tissue
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Neuroglial cells are specialised cells found in brain and spinal cord supporting neurons. About more than 50%
of all brain cells are neurolglial cells. These cells have different shapes and transmit impulse from one neuron
to next neuron.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
(Epithelial Tissue)
1. Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have
(1) Pinocytic vesicles (2) Microvilli (3) Zymogen granules (4) Phagocytic vesicles
Sol. Answer (2)
Each epithelial cell of a villus (intestine) on its apical surface has many microscopic projections or microvilli,
that are exposed to intestinal lumen. These finger-like projections are villi.
2. The epithelial tissue present on the inner surface of bronchioles and fallopian tubes is
(1) Squamous (2) Cuboidal (3) Glandular (4) Ciliated
Sol. Answer (4)
Ciliated columnar epithelia occurs in inner surface of hollow organs like fallopian tubes (oviduct) and most of
respiratory tract.
3. Which of the following is incorrect w.r.t. junction and its function?

(1) Tight junction – Promotes leaking of substances across a tissue
(2) Adhering junction – Keep neighbouring cells together
(3) Gap junction – Connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells for rapid transfer of ions and small molecules
(4) Gap junction – Facilitates the cells to communicate with each other
Sol. Answer (1)
Tight junctions do not allow leaking of substances across tissue. Plasma membranes in apical parts of adjacent
epithelial cells become tightly packed together or are even fused to form tight junctions.
(Connective Tissue)
4. During an injury nasal septum gets damaged. Which cartilage is involved?
(1) Elastic cartilage (2) Hyaline cartilage (3) Calcified cartilage (4) Fibrous cartilage
Sol. Answer (2)
Hyaline cartilage occurs in larynx, nasal septum, tracheal rings and costal cartilage. In hyaline cartilage matrix
is fibre-less and glass-like (Hyaline) but translucent. It gives those structure a definite but pliable form.
5. Which cartilage is present at the end of long bones?

(1) Calcified cartilage (2) Hyaline cartilage (3) Elastic cartilage (4) Fibrous cartilage
Sol. Answer (2)
Hyaline cartilage is most abundant type of cartilage. Hyaline cartilage occurs in trachea, the larynx of nose
and ends of long bone where they from joint.
6. The kind of tissue that forms the supportive structure in pinna is also found in
(1) Tip of the nose (2) Vertebrae (3) Nails (4) Ear ossicles
Sol. Answer (1)
Yellow elastic cartilage is found in external ear or pinna, external auditory canal, eustachian tube, tip of nose,
epiglottis and some laryngeal components. Elastin fibres in yellow elastic cartilage provide both colour and
elasticity to cartilage.
7. What happens if the bone of a frog is kept in dilute hydrochloric acid?

(1) It becomes flexible (2) It turns black
(3) It breaks into pieces (4) It shrinks
Sol. Answer (1)
When bone is kept in dilute acid for long hours, then calcium, magnesium, potassium of inorganic part of matrix
get dissolved. Organic part remains intact. Bones become flexible if kept in acid as calcium salt are removed
from bone.
8. Inflammatory substance produced during allergic reactions by mast cells is

(1) Histamine (2) Heparin (3) Serotonin (4) Fibrinogen
Sol. Answer (1)
Mast cell contain granules of heparin and histamine. Histamine produces inflammation increases permeability
of blood vessels, activates blood platelets and causes contraction of smooth muscles. Heparin prevents blood
clotting.
9. Which of the following cells can release heparin and histamine in the blood?
(1) Mast cells (2) Eosinophils
(3) Mast cells and basophils (4) Eosinophils and mast cells
Sol. Answer (3)

Both mast cells and basophils have cytoplasmic granules. Granules contain heparin, histamine and other
inflammatory substances.
10. Nucleus pulposus is present in

(1) Centre of skull bones (2) Patella
(3) Scapula (4) Centre of intervertebral disc
Sol. Answer (4)
In centre of intervertebral disc, a soft area is present called nucleus pulposus which is supposed to be remnant
of notochord.
(Muscular Tissue and Nervous Tissue)

11. Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of biceps muscle?
(1) We are usually able to make it contract merely by thinking about it
(2) It has alternate light and dark bands
(3) Its muscle fibre taper at both ends
(4) Its muscle fibres are bundled together in a parallel fashion
Sol. Answer (3)
Biceps muscle is skeletal/striated muscle. Smooth muscle fibres are long, cylindrical unbranched thread like
cells which show alternate dark and light band. Smooth muscles are voluntary muscles
Smooth muscle fibres are spindle-shaped with blood middle part and tapering ends.
12. Which of the following is correct pairing of a body part and the kind of muscle tissue that moves it?
(1) Iris - Involuntary smooth muscle
(2) Heart wall - Involuntary unstriated muscle
(3) Biceps of upper arm - Smooth muscle fibres
(4) Abdominal wall - Smooth muscle
Sol. Answer (1)
Correct match to options are
(1) Iris – Involuntary smooth muscles
(2) Heart wall – Cardiac muscle
(3) Biceps of upper arm – Skeletal muscle fibres
(4) Muscles in abdominal wall – Skeletal muscles.
13. Unipolar neurons with an axon and no dendrite are present in

(1) Embryos (2) Dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord
(3) Brain (4) Retina
Sol. Answer (1)
Unipolar neurons have only one axon, but no dendron. Such neurons are found in early embryo.
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Smooth muscles are [NEET-Phase-2-2016]

(1) Involuntary, fusiform, non-striated (2) Voluntary, multinucleate, cylindrical
(3) Involuntary, cylindrical, striated (4) Voluntary, spindle-shaped, uninucleate
Sol. Answer (1)
Smooth muscles are involuntary, fusiform, nonstriated muscles.
2. Which type of tissue correctly matches with its location? [NEET-2016]
Tissue Location
(1) Cuboidal epithelium Lining of stomach
(2) Smooth muscle Wall of intestine
(3) Areolar tissue Tendons
(4) Transitional epithelium Tip of nose
Sol. Answer (2)
Columnar epithelium is present in the lining of stomach.
Tendon is dense connective tissue and connects muscle to bone.
Tip of nose consists of elastic cartilage.
3. The function of the gap junction is to : [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Stop substance from leaking across a tissue.
(2) Performing cementing to keep neighbouring cells together.
(3) Facilitate communication between adjoining cells by connecting the cytoplasm for rapid transfer of ions,
small molecules and some large molecules.
(4) Separate two cells from each other.
Sol. Answer (3)
Gap junctions are communicating junctions in animals which facilitates communication between two adjoining
cells by protein bridges for rapid transfer of ions, small molecules and large molecules.
4. Choose the correctly matched pair : [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Tendon - Specialized connective tissue (2) Adipose tissue - Dense connective tissue
(3) Areolar tissue - Loose connective tissue (4) Cartilage - Loose connective tissue
Sol. Answer (3)
5. Choose the correctly matched pair: [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Inner lining of salivary ducts - Ciliated epithelium (2) Moist surface of buccal cavity-Glandular epithelium
(3) Tubular parts of nephrons-Cuboidal epithelium (4) Inner surface of bronchioles-Squamous epithelium
Sol. Answer (3)
6. Which one is the most abundant protein in the animal world ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Insulin (2) Trypsin
(3) Haemoglobin (4) Collagen
Sol. Answer (4)
7. Given below is the diagrammatic sketch of a certain type of connective tissue. Identify the parts labelled A,
B, C and D and select the right option about them. [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
A
B
C
D
Options :
Part-A Part-B Part-C Part-D
(1) Macrophage Fibroblast Collagen fibres Mast cells

(2) Mast cell Macrophage Fibroblast Collagen fibres
(3) Macrophage Collagen fibres Fibroblast Mast cell
(4) Mast cell Collagen fibres Fibroblast Macrophage
Sol. Answer (1)

A. Macrophages are irregular in outline. They have many elongated pseudopodia. Cells are attached to matrix
fibres.
B. Fibroblast are flat, irregular cells with branched stellate process fibroblast have flattened heterochromatic
nucleus and small amount of cytoplasm with fewer organelles.
C. Several collagen fibers (proteinaceous) in matrix of connective tissue.
D. Mast cells are rounded or oval cells having filopodia. Nucleus is small and centrally placed. Cytoplasm
contain granules of heparin and histamine.
8. The supportive skeletal structures in the human external ears and in the nose tip are examples of
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Cartilage (2) Ligament (3) Areolar tissue (4) Bone
Sol. Answer (1)
Yellow elastic cartilage is present in pinna, ear canal, eustachian tube, tip of nose and some laryngeal
components.
9. The four sketches (A, B, C and D) given below, represent four different types of animal tissues. Which one of
these is correctly identified in the options given, along with its correct location and function?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Tissue Location Function
(1) (B) Glandular epithelium Intestine Secretion
(2) (C) Collagen fibres Cartilage Attach skeletal muscles to bones
(3) (D) Smooth muscle tissue Heart Heart contraction
(4) (A) Columnar epithelium Nephron Secretion and absorption
Sol. Answer (1)
Option Tissue Location Function
A Columnar epithelium Intestine and stomach Secretion and absorption
B Glandular epithelium Intestine Secretion
C Dense regular connective tissue Tendons and ligaments Locomotion
D Cardiac muscle cells Heart Heart contraction
10. The ciliated columnar epithelial cells in humans are known to occur in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Fallopian tubes and urethra (2) Eustachian tube and stomach lining
(3) Bronchioles and Fallopian tubes (4) Bile duct and oesophagus
Sol. Answer (3)
The epithelium consist of columnar cells that possess cilia over their free surface. Ciliated columnar epithelium
occurs in respiratory tract (except terminal bronchioles and alveoli), fallopian tube, parts of uterus and cervix
and efferent tubules of testes.
11. The cells lining the blood vessels belong to the category of [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) Columnar epithelium (2) Connective tissue
(3) Smooth muscle tissue (4) Squamous epithelium
Sol. Answer (4)
Blood vessels contain a central lumen lined with single layer of flattened epithelial cells-squamous epithelial
cells. The smooth surface of squamous epithelium minimizes resistance to flow of blood.
12. The kind of epithelium which forms the inner walls of blood vessels is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Squamous epithelium (2) Cuboidal epithelium
(3) Columnar epithelium (4) Ciliated columnar epithelium
Sol. Answer (1)
13. The epithelial tissue present on the inner surface of bronchioles and fallopian tubes is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Glandular (2) Ciliated (3) Squamous (4) Cuboidal
Sol. Answer (2)
14. The cell junctions called tight, adhering and gap junctions are found in: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Connective tissue (2) Epithelial tissue (3) Neural tissue (4) Muscular tissue
Sol. Answer (2)
15. The kind of tissue that forms the supportive structure in our pinna (external ears) is also found in:
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Nails (2) Ear ossicles (3) Tip of the nose (4) Vertebrae
Sol. Answer (3)
External ears and pinna is made of yellow elastic cartilage.
16. Mast cells secrete [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Hippurin (2) Myoglobin (3) Histamine (4) Haemoglobin
Sol. Answer (3)
17. Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have on their surface [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Pinocytic vesicles (2) Phagocytic vesicles (3) Zymogen granules (4) Micro-villi
Sol. Answer (4)
18. Four healthy people in their twenties got involved in injuries resulting in damage and death of a few cells of
the following. Which of the cells are least likely to be replaced by new cells? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Osteocytes (2) Malpighian layer of the skin
(3) Liver cells (4) Neurons
Sol. Answer (4)
In nerve cells power of division and regeneration are absent.
19. Identify the tissue shown in the diagram and match with its characteristics and its location
(1) Skeletal muscle, shows striations and closely attached with the bones of the limbs
(2) Smooth muscles, show branching, found in the walls of the heart
(3) Cardiac muscles, unbranched muscles, found in the walls of the heart
(4) Striated muscles, tapering at both-ends, attached with the bones of the ribs
Sol. Answer (1)
Skeletal/striated muscle fibers are long cylindrical unbranched thread-like cells which show alternate light and
dark cross-bands. These fibres occur in parallel bundles to form striated muscle. Most of striated muscles are
attached to bones and accomplish a range of movements.
20. Which one of the following human organs is often called the "graveyard of RBCs"?
(1) Gall bladder (2) Kidney (3) Spleen (4) Liver
Sol. Answer (3)
Spleen eliminates worn out or damaged red blood cells so spleen is often called graveyard of RBCs.
21. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are collectively termed as

(1) Endocytosis (2) Suspension feeding (3) Omnivores (4) Mucous trap
Sol. Answer (1)
Endocytosis is a process by which material move into cell. Pinocytosis is mechanism by which cells ingest
extracellular fluid and its contents; it involves formation of invagination by cell membrane and which closes and
breaks off from to form fluid-filled vacuoles in cytoplasm.
Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are both types of endocytosis. Pinocytosis is cellular drinking and phagocytosis
is cellular eating.
22. An epithelial tissue which has thin flat cells, arranged edge to edge so as to appear like closely packed tiles,
is found to be present at
(1) Outer surface of ovary (2) Inner lining of fallopian tube
(3) Inner lining of stomach (4) Inner lining of cheeks
Sol. Answer (4)
Inner lining of cheeks is stratified keratinised squamous epithelium. This epithelium is compound epithelium
in which cells of superficial layer are squamous, i.e. polygonal and flattened in outline.
23. The desmosomes are concerned with
(1) Cell division (2) Cell adherence (3) Cytolysis (4) Cellular excretion
Sol. Answer (2)
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions, these are plaque like areas which provides strong attachment between
two adjacent cells with the help of adhesion molecules and filaments. Desmosomes serve anchoring function.
24. Stratum germinativum is an example of which kind of epithelium?

(1) Columnar (2) Squamous (3) Cuboidal (4) Ciliated
Sol. Answer (1)
Stratum germinativum or stratum basale is a layer of columnar epithelium cells that actively divide and are
responsible for regenerating epidermis.
25. Basement membrane is made up of

(1) Cell product of epithelial cell (2) Epidermal cell only
(3) Endodermal cell (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (1)
Basement membrane is delicate non cellular layer made of extracellular material that lies below epithelium in
contact with its basal surface. Basement membrane is made of two parts outer basal lamina and inner reticular
lamina. Basement membrane provides elestic support and also anchors epithelial tissues to underlying
connective tissue for obtaining nutrients.
Basal lamina : Secreted by epithelial cells and formed by glyco-protein and mucopolysaccharides.
Reticular lamina : Inner thick layer composed of collagen or reticular fibers of underlying connective tissue.
26. The Nissl’s granules of nerves cell are made up of

(1) DNA (2) RNA
(3) Ribosome (4) Protein
Sol. Answer (3)
Cyton or cell body of neurons contain characteristic deeply stained particles called Nissl's granules. Nissl's
granules are large and irregular masses of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
27. Protein present in cartilage is

(1) Cartilagin (2) Ossein (3) Chondrin (4) Oesein
Sol. Answer (3)
The ground substance or matrix of cartilage is called chondrin. Chondrin is a bluish-green gelatin-like substance,
made of protoglycans consisting of glycoproteins and glucosaminoglycans.
28. The functional unit of contractile system in striated muscle is

(1) Sarcomere (2) Z-band
(3) Cross bridges (4) Myofibril
Sol. Answer (1)
Sarcomere is a part of myofibril between two successive Z-line. The sarcomere is structural and functional unit
of myofibril. A sarcomere hence, comprises of single. A-band and half of each adjacent I-band from a fine,
dense, dark Z-band at centre of each I-band, actin filament extend through I-band and encroach between myosin
filament. Thus each segment of myofibril from one Z-band to next function as contractile unit called sarcomere.
29. Which of the following is the contractile protein of a muscle?

(1) Tropomyosin (2) Tubulin (3) Myosin (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Myofibrils are made of two contractile protein filament-thicker myosin and thinner actin.
30. Tendon is made up of

(1) Yellow fibrous connective tissue (2) Modified white fibrous tissue
(3) Areolar tissue (4) Adipose tissue
Sol. Answer (2)
Tendons are made of white fibrous dense regular connective tissue and contain abundant fasicles of white
collagen fibers. Tendons are inelastic in nature and connect muscle to bones.
31. Ligament is a
(1) Inelastic white fibrous tissue (2) Modified white fibrous tissue
(3) Modified yellow elastic fibrous tissue (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Ligaments are yellow elastic fibrous (dense regular) connective tissue. Ligaments are elastic in nature where
matrix is pervaded by bundles of elastic fibres and collagen fibres.
32. Why hair loss is more in old age?

(1) Reduction of blood supply (2) Decrease in protein synthesis
(3) Low energy production (4) Reduced storage of glycogen
Sol. Answer (1)
Due to reduction in blood supply, hair follicle does not receive proper nutrition. Due to poor nutrition hair fall
occurs in old age.
33. What happens if bone of frog is kept in dilute hydrochloric acid?

(1) Will becomes flexible (2) Will turn black
(3) Will break into pieces (4) Will shrink
Sol. Answer (1)
When bone is kept dipped in dilute acid for long hours, then calcium, magnesium and potassium of inorganic
part of matrix get dissolved but organic part remain intact. Bones become flexible if immersed in acid as
calcium salts are removed from bone.
34. Characteristic of simple epithelium is
(1) They are arranged indiscriminately (2) They make a definite layer
(3) Continue to divide and help in organ function (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Simple or unilaminal epithelium is a tissue that is made of single layer of compactly arranged cells all of which
rest over a non cellular basement membrane.
35. What is sarcomere?

(1) Part between two H-line (2) Part between two A-line
(3) Part between two I-band (4) Part between two Z-line
Sol. Answer (4)
A sarcomere is defined as segment between two neighbouring Z-line.
36. Which statement is correct for muscle contraction?

(1) Length of H-zone decreases (2) Length of A-band decreases
(3) Length of l-band increases (4) Length of two Z-line increases
Sol. Answer (1)
During muscle contraction length of H-zone decreases.
37. What will happen if ligaments are torn?

(1) Bones will move freely at joint and no pain (2) Bone less movable at joint & pain
(3) Bone will become unfixed (4) Bone will become fixed
Sol. Answer (3)
Ligaments are structure which connect bone to bone. They are made of bundles of elastic fibres and few
collagen fibers.
38. Which of the following statement is correct for node of Ranvier of nerve?
(1) Neurilemma is discontinuous
(2) Myelin sheath is discontinuous
(3) Both neurilemma and myelin sheath are discontinuous
(4) Covered by myelin sheath
Sol. Answer (2)
Myelinated neurons possess axons enveloped with lipid rich sheath called myelin sheath. Myelin sheath is
present as spiral wrapping around axons of each neurons. Myelin sheath in neuron is not a continuous sheath.
Certain gaps/intervals are present between adjacent sheaths of single axon. These gaps which are present
between two adjacent myelin sheath are called node of ranvier.
39. Which one of the following contains the largest quantity of extracellular material?
(1) Striated muscle (2) Areolar tissue
(3) Stratified epithelium (4) Myelinated nerve fibres
Sol. Answer (2)
Connective tissue is most abundant and widely distributed tissue in body of animals. Connective tissue consist
of living cell embedded in abundant non-living intercellular matrix which connects different tissues or organs.
Areolar tissue loose connective tissue and most widely distributed connective tissue in animal body.
Stratified epithelial tissue consist of variously shaped cells closely arranged in one or more layers. There is
little intercellular material between epithelial cells.
Striated muscles are made up of many long, cylindrical, fiber like-cells, arranged in the form of sheet or bundles.
The muscle fibers have no intercellular substances.
Myelinated nerve fibers does not possess intercellular substances or extracellular material.
40. Which among following be described as Nissl’s granules in a nerve cell are now identified as?
(1) Cell metabolites (2) Fat granules (3) Ribosomes (4) Mitochondria
Sol. Answer (3)
Cyton or cell body of neurons contain characteristic deeply stained particles, called Nissl’s granules. Nissl’s
granules are large and irregular masses of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
41. Mast cells of connective tissue contain

(1) Vasopressin and relaxin (2) Heparin and histamine
(3) Heparin and calcitonin (4) Serotonin and melanin
Sol. Answer (2)
Mast cells contain cytoplasmic granules of heparin and histamine. Heparin prevents blood clotting. Histamine
produces inflammation, increases permeability of blood vessels and causes contraction of smooth mucles.
42. In which one of the following preparations are you likely to come across cell junctions most frequently?
(1) Thrombocytes (2) Tendon
(3) Hyaline cartilage (4) Ciliated epithelium
Sol. Answer (4)
Epithelial cells are held together by intercellular junctions which serve as structural and functional links between
them.
43. Which one of the following mammalian cells is not capable of metabolising glucose to carbon-dioxide
aerobically?
(1) Unstriated muscle cells (2) Liver cells
(3) Red blood cells (4) White blood cells
Sol. Answer (3)
In RBC there is anaerobic respiration.
44. Which one of the following is correct pairing of a body part and the kind of muscle tissue that moves it?
(1) Iris - Involuntary smooth muscle
(2) Heart wall - Involuntary unstriated muscle
(3) Biceps of upper arm - Smooth muscle fibres
(4) Abdominal wall - Smooth muscle
Sol. Answer (1)
Iris – Involuntary smooth muscle
Heart wall – Cardiac muscle
Biceps of upper arm – Skeletal muscle fibres
Abdominal wall – Skeletal muscle fibres
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Mammary glands are apocrine glands.

R : The product of secretion is shed with the whole cell leading to its destruction.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is true as mammary glands are apocrine gland.
Reason is false as in apocrine glands only apical portion of cytoplasm is discharged along with secretory
product.
2. A : Human bone has Haversian canals.

R : Haversian canals are interconnected by Volkmann’s canals.
Sol. Answer (2)
Assertion is true as compact bones are composed of many parallel, longitudinal column like structure called
haversian canal.
Reason is also true as haversian canals are connected to each other by volksman canal.
Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not a correct explanation of Assertion.
3. A : In non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium stratum corneum is without keratin..

R : Such epithelium occurs over surfaces which are not exposed to drying but are subject to abrasions.
Sol. Answer (1)
Assertion is true as non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, stratum corneum (i.e. superficial layers)
are devoid of insoluble protein called keratin.
Reason is also true as due to absence of keratin, this epithelium covers moist surfaces such as buccal cavity,
pharynx, oesophagus and are subjected to abrasions.
Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
4. A : The nucleus of plasma cell has cart wheel appearance.

R : Nucleus contains peripheral clumps of heterochromatin.
Sol. Answer (1)
Assertion is true as nucleus in plasma cells is eccentric but rounded and have cart wheel appearance.
Reason is also true as cart wheel appearance is due to peripheral clumps of heterochromatin.
Both Assertion and Reason is true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
5. A : Yellow bone marrow is reserve erythropoietic tissue.

R : After severe bleeding yellow marrow may convert to red marrow.
Sol. Answer (1)
Assertion is true as yellow bone marrow is reserve erythropoietic tissue.
Reason is also true as body can convert yellow bone marrow back to red marrow in order to increase blood
cell production.
6. A : The cells that produce and secrete fibres are called fibroblasts.
R : Fibroblasts are the characteristic cells of all types of connective tissue.

Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is true as fibroblast are most abundant cells of areolar tissue. Fibroblast secrete most of extracellular
matrix as well as various type of fibers.
Reason is false as fibroblast are not the characteristic cell for specialized connective tissue such as bone,
cartilage, blood and lymph.
7. A : Gap junctions connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells.
R : Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each other.

Sol. Answer (2)
Assertion is correct as gap junction facilitate cells to communicate with each other by connecting cytoplasm.
Reason is correct as gap junction allow rapid transfer of ions and molecules between adjoining cells.
So both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation for Assertion.
8. A : Intercellular material is minimum between the cells of epithelial tissue.

R : Epithelial cells are not secretory in nature.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is true as epithelial tissue consist of variously shaped cells closely arranged in one or more layers.
There is little intercellular material between epithelial cells.
Reason is false as epithelial cells are secretory in nature, epithelial cells secrete basal lamina (basement
membrane)
Assertion is true but reason is false.
9. A : Smooth muscle fibres are unstriated, fusiform and uninucleate.

R : These cells are involuntary in function.
Sol. Answer (2)
Assertion is true as smooth muscles are non-striated, and are fusiform (elongated and spindle shaped, pointed
or tapered at ends and broad in middle). Smooth muscles have centrally located single oval nucleus.
Reason is true as smooth muscles are involuntary in their activity, i.e. their functioning cannot be directly
controlled.
Assertion and Reason is true but Reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
10. A : The inner lining of trachea, bronchi and fallopian tubes has simple epithelium with non-motile cilia.
R : Cilia form the brush-border.
Sol. Answer (4)
Assertion is false as epithelium lining inner surface of hollow organs like fallopian tubes and most of respiratory
tract is ciliated columnar cells.
Reason is also false as brush bordered epithelium of intestinal mucosa bear microvilli on surface.
Both Assertion and Reason is false.


Aakash Zoology

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Aakash Zoology

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Chapter 1

Structural Organisation in Animals

2. Presence of tissues in a multicellular organism ensures

3. A group of cells alike in form, function and origin constitute a/an

Sol. Answer (1)

7. Goblet cells secrete

8. Pavement epithelium is an alternate name for

9. Match the following:

10. Brush bordered columnar epithelial tissue is located in

11. Trapped dust particles are pushed out of respiratory tract by

13. Dense irregular connective tissue is found in

14. The cells of connective tissue which produce histamine are

15. Blubber of whale is an example of

16. Haversian canals are found in

17. The protein which occurs in the matrix of bone is

18. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. the structure of a bone

Sol. Answer (3)

21. Both RBCs and WBCs are formed in

22. Which of the following cells in areolar tissue are phagocytic?

24. Sprain is caused due to stretching of

27. Intercalated discs are present in

29. Cardiac muscle fibres are

30. Gap junctions are characteristically found in

31. Contractile proteins are found in

33. Nissl’s granules are present in which part of a neuron?

3. Which of the following is incorrect w.r.t. junction and its function?

5. Which cartilage is present at the end of long bones?

7. What happens if the bone of a frog is kept in dilute hydrochloric acid?

(3) It breaks into pieces (4) It shrinks

Sol. Answer (1)

8. Inflammatory substance produced during allergic reactions by mast cells is

Sol. Answer (3)

10. Nucleus pulposus is present in

(Muscular Tissue and Nervous Tissue)

13. Unipolar neurons with an axon and no dendrite are present in

1. Smooth muscles are [NEET-Phase-2-2016]

(1) Macrophage Fibroblast Collagen fibres Mast cells

(3) Macrophage Collagen fibres Fibroblast Mast cell

(4) Mast cell Collagen fibres Fibroblast Macrophage

Sol. Answer (1)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Tissue Location Function

(1) (B) Glandular epithelium Intestine Secretion

(2) (C) Collagen fibres Cartilage Attach skeletal muscles to bones

(3) (D) Smooth muscle tissue Heart Heart contraction

(4) (A) Columnar epithelium Nephron Secretion and absorption

21. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are collectively termed as

24. Stratum germinativum is an example of which kind of epithelium?

25. Basement membrane is made up of

26. The Nissl’s granules of nerves cell are made up of

27. Protein present in cartilage is

28. The functional unit of contractile system in striated muscle is

29. Which of the following is the contractile protein of a muscle?

30. Tendon is made up of

32. Why hair loss is more in old age?

33. What happens if bone of frog is kept in dilute hydrochloric acid?

35. What is sarcomere?

36. Which statement is correct for muscle contraction?

37. What will happen if ligaments are torn?

41. Mast cells of connective tissue contain

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

1. A : Mammary glands are apocrine glands.

2. A : Human bone has Haversian canals.

3. A : In non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium stratum corneum is without keratin..