BIOCHEMISTRY INDRODUCTION

BIOCHMISTRY: The application of chemistry to the study of biological process at the cellular and
molecular level.

TIMELINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler (1825-1895)-Founder of biochemistry. He studied the scientific

research to medicine, the invegestigtion studies of blood, milk, and urine. He was able to obtain
hemoglobin in crystalline in form.1887-journal of physiology chemistry published.

Carl Neuberg-Father of modern biology.1911-He discovered the pyruvic acid catalyzed process, theory of
fermentation in glucose.

Philluppus Auerolus Paracelsus (1493-1541)-he discovered the field of chemotherapy and method of
treating disease.

Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1789) - Founder of descriptive biochemistry. He identified the oxygen and
discovered the elements in citric acid, lactic acid, uric acid.

Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1789)-Father of modern chemistry. He discovered the oxygen and hydrogen
combined in water and established the sulfur was an element.

Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1818-1884) - He discovered the method of synthesis in acetic acid in
organic compounds.

Pierre Eugene Marcellin Berthelot (1827-1907) - The laboratory synthesis of compounds from inorganic
forms (ethhye, ethanol, methanol, benzene, methane).and introduced the exothermic and endothermic
terms.

Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) - Father of agricultural chemistry. He discovered the chloroform and all
plants nutritive materials are in inorganic forms.

Hermann Emil Fischer (1852-1919) - he established the structure of sugar and enzymes, proteins.

Friedrich Miescher (1844–1895)-He discovered the nucleic acid from leucocytes.

V. Mayer and Ludwig von Helmholtz-formulation of thermodynamics. Energy Relationship between the
biological systems.

Claude Bernard (1813-1878)-role of the pancreas in digestion, the glycogenic function of the liver, and
the regulation of the blood supply by the vasomotor nerves.
Theodor Schwann-he discovered fermentation, studied the enzyme pepsin, and discovered the form he
yeast and invented the term of metabolism.

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)-discovered the fermentation process and butyric acid is formed the organism
function without oxygen condition.

Arrhenius, van’t Hoff and Ostwald

Arrhenius-theory of disassociation of electrolytes.

Ostwald-he discovered the Ostwald rule.

Van’t Hoff (1885) – discovered theory of osmotic pressure.

Sorn Sorensen-He developed the concept of pH.

Jacques Loeb – contributed theory of colloidal behavior of proteins.

Lenor Michaelis (1875-1949) and Maud menton (1879- 1960) - contributed the enzyme kinetics.

Wendell Stanley-isolated the nucleoproteins in tobacco mosaic virus.

Harold Urey –discovered the isotopes oxygen (deuterium) in biochemical research.

Martin and synge- inventation of chromatography.

Casimir funk-discovered the vitamins.

Hardey and young, embden and Meyerhof- discovered glycolysis pathway or EMP pathway.

Warburg, Heinrich Wieland, Keilin and Theorell-discovered the enzymes and cofactors are biological
oxidation.

Fritz Albert Lipmann (1899–1986)- discovered the coenzyme A.

Hurt henseleit- discovered the urea cycle.

Albert Szent-Gyorgyi and Hans Adolf Krebs –discovered the Krebs cycle.

Frederick Sanger-determined the sequence in insulin.

Du vingneaud-isolation and synthesis of pituitary hormones.

Linus Carl Pauling (1901–1994) and Robert Corey (1897– 1971)-discovered the secondary structure of
proteins α helix.

James Dewey Watson and francs crick (1953)-proposed the structure of double standard DNA.
Erwin Chargaff-the hypothesis proposed by base pairing ofDNA.

Arthur Kornberg (1953-1959)-. Enzymatic synthesis of DNA.

Holley, Medison, Zachan- the base sequence of transfer RNA molecules specific for different amino
acids.

Marshall Nirenberg (1968) - discovered the genetic code and breaking the genetic code and operates in
the protein synthesis.

Jones Jacob Berzelius (1835) - importance of catalysis in controlling of chemical process.

James B.sumner (1926) - father of modern enzymology. Discovered the urease enzyme crystallization,
protein nature of enzyme.

John H. Northrop and Kunitz –isolation and crystallization form of pancreas and gastric enzymes and
determined the enzymes are proteins.

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod(1958)- discoverd the regulatory gens.and explanied the translation
process. (Rna Messenger).

Theodore Svedberg (1962)-invented the ultra centrifuge.

Arne W.K. Tiselius –discovered the electrophoresis, and absorption and analysis.

Donald d van slyke-metabolism of proteins and amino acids, discoverded the hydro lysine amino acid.