4/9/2018 Detailed Lesson Plan

Physics 2

Bechayda, Reynaldo Jr. D.

TEACHER
 Heat Engines

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson the 85% of the Grade 12 Physics 2 students
should be able to:
a. Explain what does heat engine do.
b. Perform and identify on how the four-stroke cycle diesel engine works.
c. Participate in class discussion and activity.

II. Subject Matter:

“Heat Engines”

Reference: Practical and Explorational Physics (Modular Approach) Module 42

pp235

Resources Needed: Instructional materials, Diagrams, Engine parts

III. Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. Preparation/Motivation
 Good afternoon teacher!
 Good afternoon class!
 We’re great!
 How are you today?

 It’s good to hear that!

 I think today will be so much fun. Are

you all excited for our today’s new  Yes, teacher!
activities and learnings?
 Today, I have prepared some activities
for you. So I will group you into two.
This will be the group 1 and this will be
the group 2. In a count of 5, I want you
be with group in circular seat
arrangement. 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1.
Brilliant!

 Each group will be given a tasks to be  Yes, teacher!

presented in class after your group
discussion. Is that clear?
 I have here two envelopes. Inside
these envelopes are your tasks. This
will be for the group 1 and this will be
for the group 2. Instructions are clearly
stated in there so, all you have to do is
to creatively present your given task. I
will just give you 5 minutes to do this.
And your time starts now.
 Before each group to perform, I want
you all to participate and respect the
performing group in front. Is that
clear?
 I guess, all of you already know what
are the rewards given to the winning
group, right? If that so let’s start with
group 1. And will be followed directly
with group 2.
 (Performing)
Group 1.
Word given: “HEAT”
Task 1: List down 5 different words that will relate
to the word “HEAT”.
Task 2: Form a definition of the word given to you
out of 5 different words that you listed down.
Task 3: Present this in class creatively. (Hint: All of
the members of the group must participate in the
presentation.)
Reward:
-The most creative group will be given
additional 5 points.
-The group who followed the instructions of
their task will be given additional 5 points
including the time limit given.
-Total points: 10 pts.
Group 2:
Word given: “ENGINE’’
Task 1: List down 5 different words that relates to
the word “Engine”.
Task 2: Form a definition of the word given to you
out of the 5 different words that you listed.
Task 3: Present this in class creatively. (Hint: All of
the members of the group must participate in the
presentation.)
Reward:
-The most creative group will be given
additional 5 points.
-The group who followed the instructions of
their task will be given additional 5 points
including the time limit given.
-Total points: 10 pts.
 Crystal!
 (Performing)
B. Presentation/Discussion

 What an excellent presentation

 Student: I think their presentation was
everyone! Good job! But before I will
good as what we have observed, some
announce who receive the reward, I
of their members are laughing.
want 1 volunteer in each group to have
an insight about the presentation of
the other group. Let’s start with group
2.

 Very good observation group 2. Yes,

that’s right some of them are laughing
while presenting. But the good thing
about group 1 is that each of the
members are given a task for the
presentation. Group 1 used each
member to present what they have
listed as what word relates to heat.
Very creative and the Group 1 did not
exceed on the allotted time given.
Good job Group 1!

 So Group 1, what can you say about

 Student: Group 2’s presentation was
Group 2?
good as well. They presented their task
creatively and all of the members
cooperatively participate in their
presentation.
 Excellent observation Group 1. That’s
right, their presentation was really
creative and the members are really
cooperative. Unfortunately, Group 2
exceed on the allotted time given to
them. But followed carefully the
instructions given. Very good Group 2.

 As for the 10 points reward, who do

you think got the reward? The most
creative presentation will be given 5
points it is for…..Group 2! For the other
 5 points, the group who followed the
instruction of their tasks will
be……Group 1!

 Very good class! Let’s give ourselves a

round of applause. Good job everyone.

C. Lesson Proper

 Settle down now and please be  Grace: Our group was given the word
attentive for our class discussion. “Heat”.
 Now, I want to see the hands of the
members of Group 1. Yes, Grace. Can
you please tell me what the word was
given to your group?
 What were the words that Group 1  Zac: The words are 1) fire, 2) burn, 3)
presented relating to the word “Heat”? high temperature, 4) hotness, 5) sun.
Yes, Zac?
 So, what was there definition of  Student: Heat means having a high
“Heat”? temperature that describes hotness of
something and may came from fire or
 Very good. But what does “Heat” really sun that can burn something.
means?
 Heat is energy that transfers from a
body of higher temperature to another
body of lower temperature.
 Heat is the quantity of thermal energy
absorbed or given off by a body.

 Now, may I see the hands of Group 2?
Yes, George. What was the word given
to your group and the 5 words you
listed relating to that word?
 So what was their definition of
‘’Engine”.
 Brilliant! But what does “Engine” really
means?
 Engine is a machine that changes
energy (such as heat from burning fuel)
into mechanical motion.
 George: Our group was given the word
“Engine”. And the words we listed are
fuel, machine, automobile, mechanism
and motor.
 Student: Engine is a mechanism that
uses fuel usually found in a motor,
machine and automobile.
 If we put two words heat and energy  Chasey: I think heat engine means a
together, we can form “Heat Engine”. transfer of heat through a machine.
In that case, who as an idea of what is
heat engine out of the definition of
heat and engine? Yes, Chasey?

 Very good Chasey!

 Heat engine is any device that converts
heat energy into work.

 Now, everybody, try to rub your hands  Crisan: While rubbing my hands, I can
together. In the process of doing so, feel heat on it.
what is happening? Yes, Crisan?
 That’s right there’s heat on it. There is
a conversion of mechanical energy into
thermal energy.
 The process seems very easy, right?  Diego: No, teacher. It is difficult.
How about reversing the process? Can
you do that Diego?
 In reversing process, that is converting
thermal energy to mechanical energy,
it is really difficult. So this is the main
concept behind heat engines.
 Heat engines requires a high
temperature source from which heat
can be removed, a low temperature
receptacle into which heat can be
delivered, and a way to convert heat
into work.

 What do you think are the examples of  Allan: A car engine.

heat engine? Yes, Allan?

 That’s right, a car. The car’s engine is

an automobile internal combustion
engine which is one of the example of
heat engine. Commonly, known as
gasoline or diesel engine.
 Take a look at this diagrams.  Geraldine: I can see that the positions
of the parts of the engine are different.

 This is an example of complete cycle of

a four-stroke diesel engine. What do
you observe in the diagram? Yes,
Geraldine?

 Very good Geraldine. This the four

stages of the internal combustion
diesel engine. As shown in the figure,
the main parts of an internal
combustion engine are the valves (inlet
and outlet), piston, cylinder,
connecting rod and the crankshaft.

 Consider, a piston at the top of its

stroke, a position known as top-dead
center (TDC). The inlet valve opens and
the fresh air is drawn in the cylinder as
the piston moves down.
 At the bottom of the stroke, known as
bottom-dead center (BDC). The inlet
valve closes and air in the cylinder is
compressed (consequently raised in
temperature) as the piston rises.
 At this point, fuel is injected as the
piston reaches the top-dead center
and combustion takes place, producing
very high pressure in the gas. This
gases forced down the piston to the
bottom-dead center as the exhaust
valve opens. At this stroke takes place
the conversion of heat energy to
mechanical energy. But the engine
must be returned to its starting
condition in order to have continuous
work.

 The gases is expelled into the outlet

valve as the piston return to the top-
dead center and replaced by new air.
This process is called scavenging.
 This cycle is repeated many times and
there is a continuous conversion of
heat from the diesel fuel into
mechanical energy. The up and down
movement of the piston is converted
to rotary motion by this connecting
rod, which result in the movement of
the automobile.
 Now class, do you agree that this heat  Majority of the class disagree.
energy is all converted to mechanical
energy in heat engine? Raise your right
those who agree. Disagree?
 That’s right. There is a certain amount
of heat that is not converted into work
that is called waste heat. Since all heat
engines produce waste, no engine can
convert energy into useful motion.
 In car engine, the heat energy in the
flame is equal to the sum of work done
and waste heat expelled.
 D. Application
 At this juncture, I want you to group
yourselves into 4 members. Each group
must explain the concepts behind heat
engine and explain each stage of a four
stroke cycle diesel engine. Since you
have 4 people in your group, one will
discuss the first stage of the cycle,
another on the second and so on. I will
only give you 5 minutes to prepare.
Write your group name members in a
sheet of paper. I will grade you
according to this criteria. Then, I will
call you randomly to explain in front.

Criteria Points
Explain the concept clearly 5
Voice quality (loud and clear) 5
Identify each part of the cycle 5
Participation 5
Total 20

E. Generalization

 What is heat engine?

 What does heat engine do?

 What are the main parts of the internal

combustion engine?

 What happens in a suction stroke of

four-stroke cycle diesel engine?
- on the compression stroke?
- on the power stroke?
- on the exhaust stroke?
IV. Assessment/Evaluation

Test I. Identification:

1. It is a stage where conversion of heat energy to mechanical energy takes place in

a four-stroke cycle engine.
2. It converts reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion.
3. It is a certain amount of heat that is not converted into work.
4. This is one of the main parts of a four-stroke cycle diesel engine that triggers the
ignition at the power stroke stage.
5. It is the process of removing burnt gases and replacing a fresh air in the cylinder
of the combustion chamber.

Test II. Essay

 Explain the concept of heat engine.

V. Assignment/Agreement
 Study about heat pumps on page 236 because we will be having a quiz
tomorrow about heat pumps.