REVIEWER IN ADD-ON ENGLISH

GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION I.

GRADE SEVEN
FOURTH QUARTER

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

- Starts with a preposition and has an object of preposition.

APPOSITIVE PHRASE

- A noun, noun phrase or pronoun with modifiers that gives additional information to another
noun beside it.

ABSOLUTE PHRASE

- A modifier that attaches to a sentence and does not have finite verbs.
- Indicates time, reason and circumstances.

VERBAL PHRASE

- A phrase that contains participles, infinitives and gerunds.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

- Intoduce an adjective clause.

Note: Use “which” when the clause introduce an additional statement about something that has been
already mentioned. Use “that” when trying to explain the meaning or express reason or purpose.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
 - Contains a subject and a verb.
- Begins with a relative pronoun or adverb.
- May also function as an adjective.

ADVERB CLAUSE

- Modifies verbs, adjectives, adverbs or verbals.

- Answers the questions: where, when, in what manner, how, why, under what condition and to
what extent.

NOUN CLAUSE

- Act as nouns that may function as a: subject, direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative
and object of the preposition.

PARAGRAPHS

- Group of sentences developing one topic.

- Usually, the topic sentence is the first sentence.
- The rest of the sentences give details about the topic sentences.
- One paragraph is usually 5 – 8 sentences long.
- Contains:

- Topic sentence should be expressed or implied.

- Should be complete, has unity, properly sequenced with transitional devices that builds a
reasonable sentence length.

Note: Unity is the main topic and coherence is the flow of ideas.

KINDS OF WRITING

EXPOSITORY WRITING
 - Explains, describes, informs and instructs.
- Used in non-fiction books, magazines or newspaper articles and research papers.

PERSUASIVE WRITING

- Persuades or convinces the reader to act or agree with its position.

DESCRIPTIVE WRITING

- Depicts, pictures and captures a dominant impression or mood.

- It aims to recreate sense impressions such a sight, sounds, smells and tastes.

NARRATIVE WRITING

- Tells a story and relates a sequence of events.

- The stories may be true or imaginary and are written for entertainment.

TEXT STRUCTURES

PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

- A difficulty is described and an answer is offered.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

- An action and its results are discussed.

SPATIAL / DESCRIPTIVE

- Describes how something looks or the arrangement of a space.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

- Differences and similarities of two or more things are discussed.

ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

- Ranks information from the least to the most important or vice versa.

ESSAY

- Well-connected paragraphs that discuss one main point or topic to be delivered to a specific
audience with a reasonable purpose.

3 QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESSAY

- Catcher – should be interesting at first sight.

- Hooker - (please don’t be green minded) has good content.
- Clincher – can be recommended to other people.

“Naze watashitachi no heya wa itsumo kitanaidesu?”

“Why is our room always dirty?”