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Holt McDougal

Florida
Larson Algebra 1

Chapter Resources
Volume 2: Chapters 7-12
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ISBN 13: 978-0-547-25018-2

ISBN 10: 0-547-25018-5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 XXX 15 14 13 12 11 10 09
Contents
Chapter 7 Systems of Equations and Inequalities
Chapter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4
7.1 Solve Linear Systems by Graphing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–15
7.2 Solve Linear Systems by Substitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16–21
7.3 Solve Linear Systems by Adding or Subtracting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22–28
7.4 Solve Linear Systems by Multiplying First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29–35
7.5 Solve Special Types of Linear Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–44
7.6 Solve Systems of Linear Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–55
Chapter Review Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Chapter 8 Exponents and Exponential Functions


Chapter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57–60
8.1 Apply Exponent Properties Involving Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61–67
8.2 Apply Exponent Properties Involving Quotients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68–73
8.3 Define and Use Zero and Negative Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74–83
8.4 Use Scientific Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84–90
8.5 Write and Graph Exponential Growth Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91–101
8.6 Write and Graph Exponential Decay Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102–114
Chapter Review Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Chapter 9 Polynomials and Factoring


Chapter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117–120
9.1 Add and Subtract Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121–128
9.2 Multiply Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129–134
9.3 Find Special Products of Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135–140
9.4 Solve Polynomial Equations in Factored Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141–147
9.5 Factor x 2 1 bx 1 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148–153
9.6 Factor ax 2 1 bx 1 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154–160
9.7 Factor Special Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161–166
9.8 Factor Polynomials Completely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167–173
Chapter Review Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Algebra 1
Chapter Resource Book iii
Chapter 10 Quadratic Equations and Functions
Chapter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175–178
10.1 Graph y 5 ax 2 1 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179–187
10.2 Graph y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188–201
10.3 Solve Quadratic Equations by Graphing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202–211
10.4 Use Square Roots to Solve Quadratic Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212–218
10.5 Solve Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219–227
10.6 Solve Quadratic Equations by the Quadratic Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228–234
10.7 Interpret the Discriminant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235–240
10.8 Compare Linear, Exponential, and Quadratic Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241–251
Chapter Review Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Chapter 11 Radicals and Geometry Connections


Chapter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253–256
11.1 Graph Square Root Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257–266
11.2 Simplify Radical Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267–276
11.3 Solve Radical Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277–283
11.4 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem and Its Converse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284–289
11.5 Apply the Distance and Midpoint Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290–296
Chapter Review Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Chapter 12 Rational Equations and Functions

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Chapter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299–302
12.1 Model Inverse Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303–312
12.2 Graph Rational Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313–321
12.3 Divide Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322–331
12.4 Simplify Rational Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332–338
12.5 Multiply and Divide Rational Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339–347
12.6 Add and Subtract Rational Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348–354
12.7 Solve Rational Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355–361
Chapter Review Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Gridded Response Answer Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Resource Book Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1–A63

Algebra 1
iv Chapter Resource Book
Contents
Descriptions of Resources
This Chapter Resource Book is organized by lessons within the chapter in order to make
your planning easier. The following materials are provided:
Family Letter This guide helps families contribute to student success by providing
an overview of the chapter along with questions and activities for families to work on
together.
Graphing Calculator Activities with Keystrokes Keystrokes for two models of
calculators are provided for each Graphing Calculator Activity in the Student Edition.
Activity Support Masters These blackline masters make it easier for students to
record their work on selected activities in the Student Edition.
Practice A, B, and C These exercises offer additional practice for the material in each
lesson, including application problems. There are three levels of practice for each lesson:
A (basic), B (average), and C (advanced).
Review for Mastery These two pages provide additional instruction, worked-out
examples, and practice exercises covering the key concepts and vocabulary in each lesson.
Problem Solving Workshops These blackline masters provide extra problem solving
opportunities in addition to the workshops given in the textbook. There are three types of
workshops: Alternative Methods, Worked-Out Examples, and Mixed Problem Solving.
Challenge Practice These exercises offer challenging practice on the mathematics of
each lesson.
Chapter Review Game This worksheet offers fun practice at the end of the chapter
and provides an alternative way to review the chapter content in preparation for the
Chapter Test.
Gridded Response Answer Sheet This page provides 12 answer grids for the teacher
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

to copy and distribute as needed for use with the Gridded Response questions in the Problem
Solving Workshops.

Algebra 1
Chapter Resource Book v
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter
7 For use with Chapter 7

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Chapter Overview One way you can help your student succeed in Chapter 7 is
by discussing the lesson goals in the chart below. When a lesson is completed, ask your
student the following questions. “What were the goals of the lesson? What new words
and formulas did you learn? How can you apply the ideas of the lesson to your life?”

Lesson Title Lesson Goals Key Applications

7.1: Solve Linear Systems by Graph and solve systems of • Rental Business
Graphing linear equations. • Television
• Fitness
7.2: Solve Linear Systems by Solve systems of linear equations • Websites
Substitution by substitution. • Antifreeze
• Fundraising
7.3: Solve Linear Systems by Solve linear systems using • Kayaking
Adding or Subtracting elimination. • Rowing
• Cellular Phones
7.4: Solve Linear Systems by Solve linear systems by • Book Sale
Multiplying First multiplying first. • Music
• Farm Products
7.5: Solve Special Types of Identify the number of solutions • Art
Linear Systems of a linear system. • Recreation
• Photography
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

7.6: Solve Systems of Linear Solve systems of linear • Baseball


Inequalities inequalities in two variables. • Competition Scores
• Fish

Key Ideas for Chapter 7

In Chapter 7, you will apply the key ideas listed in the Chapter Opener (see page 437)
and reviewed in the Chapter Summary (see page 489).
1. Solving linear systems by graphing
2. Solving linear systems using algebra
3. Solving systems of linear inequalities

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 1
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter continued
7 For use with Chapter 7
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Key Ideas Your student can demonstrate understanding of key concepts by


working through the following exercises with you.

Lesson Exercise

7.1 Solve the system by graphing. Check the solution.


x 1 2y 5 8
2x 2 y 5 6
7.2 Each day you either carpool to school, which takes 18 minutes, or ride the bus,
which takes 35 minutes. After 20 days of school you have spent 598 minutes
getting to school. How many days did you carpool? How many days did you ride
the bus?

7.3 Solve the system using elimination. Check the solution.


3x 1 5y 5 9
5y 5 3x 1 21
7.4 You and a friend are playing in a basketball tournament. You buy 4 sports drinks
and 5 power bars for $13. Your friend buys 3 sports drinks and 2 power bars for
$7.65. How much did each sports drink cost? How much did each power bar
cost?

7.5 Tell whether the linear system has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many
solutions. Explain.
(a) 3x 2 y 5 9 (b) 26x 1 8y 5 12
6x 2 2y 5 10 9x 2 12y 5 218

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


7.6 Graph the system of inequalities. x 1 y ≥ 1
x2y≤4
y>2

Home Involvement Activity

Directions Write systems of inequalities for triangular shaded regions that would
be located solely within each of the four quadrants.

slope and y-intercept


(b) many solutions; same 21
x 5 1 21
different y-intercept
22 1
x 6 22 7.5: (a) no solution; same slope,
3
7.3: (22, 3) 7.4: $1.75, $1.20
6 ; (4, 2) 7.2: 14 bus rides, 6 carpool rides 7.6: 5 7.1:
y y

Answers

Algebra 1
2 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia
7 Usar con el Capítulo 7

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Vistazo al capítulo Una manera en que puede ayudar a su hijo a tener éxito
en el Capítulo 7 es hablar sobre los objetivos de la lección en la tabla a continuación.
Cuando se termina una lección, pregúntele a su hijo lo siguiente: “¿Cuáles fueron los
objetivos de la lección? ¿Qué palabras y fórmulas nuevas aprendiste? ¿Cómo puedes
aplicar a tu vida las ideas de la lección?”

Título de la lección Objetivos de la lección Aplicaciones clave

7.1: Resolver sistemas Graficar y resolver sistemas de • Negocio de alquiler


lineales con gráficas ecuaciones lineales • Televisión
• Salud
7.2: Resolver sistemas Resolver sistemas de ecuaciones • Sitios web
lineales con la lineales con la sustitución • Anticongelante
sustitución
• Recaudación de fondos
7.3: Resolver sistemas Resolver sistemas lineales usando • Hacer kayak
lineales con la suma o la eliminación • Remar
la resta
• Teléfonos celulares
7.4: Resolver sistemas Resolver sistemas lineales • Venta de libros
lineales multiplicando multiplicando primero • Música
primero
• Productos de la granja
7.5: Resolver tipos especiales Identificar la cantidad de • Arte
de sistemas lineales soluciones de un sistema lineal • Recreo
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

• Fotografía
7.6: Resolver sistemas de Resolver sistemas de • Béisbol
desigualdades lineales desigualdades lineales con dos • Puntajes de concursos
variables
• Peces

Ideas clave para el Capítulo 7

En el Capítulo 7, aplicarás las ideas clave enumeradas en la Presentación del capítulo


(ver la página 437) y revisadas en el Resumen del capítulo (ver la página 489).
1. Resolver sistemas lineales con gráficas
2. Resolver sistemas lineales usando álgebra
3. Resolver sistemas lineales de desigualdades lineales

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 3
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia continúa
7 Usar con el Capítulo 7
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Ideas clave Su hijo puede demostrar la comprensión de las ideas clave al hacer
los siguientes ejercicios con usted.

Lección Ejercicio

7.1 Resuelve el sistema al graficar. Comprueba la solución.


x 1 2y 5 8
2x 2 y 5 6
7.2 Cada día o vas en carro a la escuela, que toma 18 minutos, o vas en autobús, que
toma 35 minutos. Después de 20 días escolares, has pasado 598 minutos en llegar
a la escuela. ¿Cuántos días fuiste en carro? ¿Cuántos días tomaste el autobús?
7.3 Resuelve el sistema usando la eliminación. Comprueba la solución.
3x 1 5y 5 9
5y 5 3x 1 21
7.4 Tú y un amigo juegan en un torneo de básquetbol. Compras 4 bebidas deportivas
y 5 barras de nutrición por $13. Tu amigo compra 3 bebidas deportivas y 2 barras
de nutrición por $7.65. ¿Cuánto costó cada bebida deportiva? ¿Cuánto costó cada
barra de nutrición?
7.5 Indica si el sistema lineal tiene una solución, ninguna solución o muchas
soluciones infinitas. Explica.
(a) 3x 2 y 5 9 (b) 26x 1 8y 5 12
6x 2 2y 5 10 9x 2 12y 5 218
7.6 Grafica el sistema de desigualdades. x 1 y ≥ 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


x2y≤4
y>2

Actividad para la familia

Instrucciones Escribe sistemas de desigualdades para regiones triangulares


sombreadas que se localizarían dentro de cada uno de los cuatro cuadrantes.

pendiente y mismo intercepto en y


(b) muchas soluciones; misma
intercepto en y 21
x 5 1 21
pendiente, diferente
22 1
x 6 22 7.5: (a) ninguna solución; misma
3
7.3: (22, 3) 7.4: $1.75, $1.20
6 ; (4, 2) 7.2: 14 días en autobús, 6 días en carro 7.6: 5 7.1:
y y

Respuestas

Algebra 1
4 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
7.1 For use with page 446

TI-83 Plus Casio CFX-9850GC Plus


Y= () ( 5  2 ) X,T,,n  3 From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
ENTER ( 1  3 ) X,T,,n  ( 5 () ( 5  2 ) X,,T  3 EXE

 3 ) ENTER ZOOM 6 2nd [CALC] 5 ( 1  3 ) X,,T  ( 5  3


ENTER ENTER ENTER ) EXE SHIFT F3 F3 EXIT F6 SHIFT
F5 F5

LESSON 7.1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 5
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the linear system.


1. (0, 24); 2. (3, 3); 3. (1, 22);
x 1 y 5 24 x 1 2y 5 9 2x 2 3y 5 8
x 2 5y 5 20 4x 2 y 5 15 3x 1 2y 5 21
4. (24, 26); 5. (4, 21); 6. (2, 26);
23x 1 y 5 6 x 2 4y 5 8 4x 1 3y 5 210
22x 1 y 5 28 23x 1 5y 5 23 3x 1 2y 5 26

Match the linear system with its graph.


7. x 2 y 5 2 8. x 1 y 5 2 9. x 1 y 5 22
x1y55 x2y55 x 2 y 5 25
LESSON 7.1

10. x 2 y 5 22 11. 2x 1 y 5 2 12. x 2 y 5 2


2x 2 y 5 5 x1y55 2x 2 y 5 5
A. y B. y C. y

1
3 3
1 3 5 x
21
1 1
23
1 3 5 x 23 x
21

D. y x E. y F. y
23 21
21 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23 21 x
23 3 21

1 23
x
21 1 3 5

Use the graph to solve the linear system. Check your solution.
13. 4x 1 3y 5 5 14. 2x 1 3y 5 9 15. 5x 2 y 5 24
2x 2 y 5 5 4x 2 y 5 8 22x 1 y 5 1
y y y
5
1

21 1 3 5 x
21
1
23 1 3 x
23 21
21 1 3 5 x
21

Algebra 1
6 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

Solve the linear system by graphing. Check your solution.


16. y 5 2x 1 6 17. y 5 22x 1 1 18. 4x 2 y 5 212
y5x22 y5x25 2x 2 y 5 3
y y y

5 1 9

21 1 3 5 x
3 21 3

29 23 3 9 x
1 23 23

21 1 3 5 x
21 25 29

19. y 5 x 20. y 5 22x 1 2 21. 3x 1 y 5 7

LESSON 7.1
y 5 4x 2 9 y5x15 22x 1 y 5 28
y y y
9 5
6
3 3
2
29 23 3 9 x
23 1
26 22 2 6 x
22
25 23 21 1 x
29 21
26

22. City Populations The graph shows the estimated populations y


Population (thousands)

(in thousands of people) of the Buffalo, New York area and 1250
Buffalo
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

the Charlotte, North Carolina area. Use the graph to find the 1200
year in which the populations of these two areas were the same. 1150
What was the population? 1100
Charlotte
1050
1000
950
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
Years since 1990

23. Juice You bought 15 one-gallon bottles of apple juice and y


orange juice for a school dance. The apple juice was on sale 16
Bottles of orange juice

for $1.50 per gallon bottle. The orange juice was $2 per gallon 14
bottle. You spent $26. Write algebraic models for the situation. 12
Then graph the algebraic models. How many bottles of each 10
type of juice did you buy? 8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 x
Bottles of apple juice

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 7
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the linear system.


1. (4, 1); 2. (22, 1); 3. (4, 23);
x 1 2y 5 6 5x 2 2y 5 212 23x 1 2y 5 218
3x 1 y 5 11 x 1 3y 5 1 6x 2 y 5 27
4. (24, 26); 5. (24, 3); 6. (22, 25);
3x 2 y 5 6 4x 1 3y 5 212 2x 1 y 5 23
2x 1 2y 5 8 x 1 2y 5 26 2x 1 3y 5 213

Use the graph to solve the linear system. Check your solution.
7. x 2 y 5 8 8. 5x 2 y 5 29 9. 2x 1 3y 5 2
x 1 y 5 22 y 1 2x 5 2 22x 1 y 5 6
LESSON 7.1

y y y
1 3 5 x
21 5

23 3

25 1

23 21 3 x 21 1 x

10. 3x 2 2y 5 16 11. 2x 2 y 5 213 12. 6x 1 2y 5 8


5x 1 y 5 18 y 1 3x 5 212 23x 1 4y 5 16
y y y

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 3 x
21 5

23 3 3

25 1 1

25 23 21 x 23 21 1 3 x

Solve the linear system by graphing. Check your solution.


13. y 5 3x 14. 2x 1 y 5 24 15. 23x 2 y 5 21
y 5 4x 2 1 x 2 y 5 28 2x 1 4y 5 216
y y y
1
3 6
25 23 21 1 x
21
1 2
23
23 21 1 3 x 26 2 x

25
26

Algebra 1
8 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

16. 2x 1 2y 5 26 17. 26x 1 y 5 33 18. 29x 1 6y 5 26


25x 1 y 5 15 2x 2 8y 5 234 2x 2 3y 5 8
y y y
35
15 1

23 21 1 x
21

215 29 3 x
25
215 5 x

19. 3x 1 2y 5 3 20. x 2 y 5 9 21. 6x 1 y 5 19

LESSON 7.1
5x 1 y 5 29 3x 1 2y 5 2 5x 2 2y 5 24
y y y
21
9
15
22 6 10 x
22
9
29 23 9 x
26
3
29
29 23 9 x

22. Hanging Flower Baskets You will be making hanging flower y


Non-blooming annuals

baskets. The plants you have picked out are blooming annuals 35
and non-blooming annuals. The blooming annuals cost $3.20 30
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

each and the non-blooming annuals cost $1.50 each. You bought 25
a total of 24 plants for $49.60. Write a linear system of equations 20
that you can use to find how many of each type of plant you 15
10
bought. Then graph the linear system and use the graph to find
5
how many of each type of plant you bought.
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 x
Blooming annuals

23. Baseball Outs In a game, 12 of a baseball team’s 27 outs y


Outs made by outfielders

were fly balls. Twenty-five percent of the outs made by infielders 32


and 100% of the outs made by outfielders were fly balls. 28
24
a. Write a linear system you can use to find the number of outs 20
made by infielders and the number of outs made by outfielders. 16
(Hint: Write one equation for the total number of outs and 12
another equation for the number of fly ball outs.) 8
4
b. Graph your linear system.
0
c. How many outs were made by infielders? How many outs 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 x
Outs made by infielders
were made by outfielders?

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 9
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the linear system.


1. (28, 4); 2. (7, 26); 3. (4, 26);
2x 1 4y 5 28 3x 1 2y 5 9 3x 1 y 5 26
3x 2 5y 5 3 24x 2 3y 5 210 2x 1 2y 5 8
4. (4, 22); 5. (23, 5); 6. (22.5, 2.5);
1 3
}x 2 }y 5 }
7 21.5x 1 3.2y 5 11.5 6x 2 8y 5 235
2 4 2
4.1x 2 2y 5 222.3 4x 1 2y 5 25
3 61
4x 1 }8 y 5 }4

Solve the linear system by graphing. Check your solution.


LESSON 7.1

7. 25x 1 8y 5 222 8. 210x 2 4y 5 64 9. 3x 2 7y 5 50


3y 2 2x 5 29 2x 1 2y 5 16 24x 1 2y 5 230
y y y
3 12
1 3 5 7 x
21
1 4
23
1 3 5 7 x 220 212 24 4 x
21 24
25
23 212
27

2 1 11 2 3 1 19
10. } x 2 } y 5 2} 11. } x 1 } y 5 2 12. 4x 2 } y 5 2}
3 3 3 5 5 3 3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 1 2 2 2 23
x 1 }2 y 5 2}2 2}3 x 1 y 5 }3 2}3 x 1 y 5 }
3
y y y
21
10 3
15
6 1
9
21 1 3 5 x
2 21
3
210 26 22 2 x
22 23
215 29 23 3 x

Algebra 1
10 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

13. 1.8x 2 2.2y 5 24.2 14. 21.4x 1 6y 5 24.6 15. 3.2x 2 y 5 8.8
0.5x 1 3.2y 5 21.7 0.2x 1 y 5 0.2 5x 2 2.5y 5 10
y y y
7 10 6

5 6 2

22 2 6 10 x
3 2 22

210 26 22 2 x
1 22 26

21 1 3 5 x

3
16. Find the values for m and b so that the system y 5 } x 2 2 and y 5 mx 1 b has (8, 4)
4

LESSON 7.1
as a solution.
y
17. The graphs of the three lines given below form a triangle. 7

Use a graph to find the coordinates of the vertices


5
of the triangle.
Line 1: 2x 1 y 5 7 3

Line 2: x 1 2y 5 2
1
Line 3: 2x 1 y 5 4
23 21 1 3 x
21

18. Investments A total of $45,000 is invested into two funds paying 5.5% and
6.5% annual interest. The combined annual interest is $2725. How much of the
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

$45,000 is invested in each type of fund? (Hint: Write one equation for the
amount invested in each fund and another for the interest earned.)
19. Umbrella Sales The table shows the number of automatic and
y
manual opening umbrellas sold at a shop in 2000 and 2005.
Number of umbrellas

35
Use a linear model to represent the sales of each type of 30
umbrella. Let t 5 0 correspond to 2000. Sketch the graphs 25
and estimate when the number of automatic umbrellas sold 20
equaled the number of manual umbrellas sold. 15
10
Year 2000 2005 5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t
Automatic 15 25 Years since 2000
Manual 25 15

20. Credit Account With a minimum purchase of $100, you can open a credit account
at a music store. The store is offering either $25 or 20% off your purchase if you
open a credit account. You make a purchase of $135 and decide to open a credit
account. Should you choose $25 or 20% off your purchase? Explain.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 11
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

GOAL Graph and solve systems of linear equations.

Vocabulary
A system of linear equations, or simply a linear system, consists of
two or more linear equations in the same variables.
A solution of a system of linear equations in two variables is an
ordered pair that satisfies each equation in the system.

EXAMPLE 1 Check the intersection point


Use the graph to solve the system. Then y
LESSON 7.1

check your solution algebraically.


3
2x 1 y 5 4 Equation 1
1
3x 2 5y 5 6 Equation 2
23 21 3 x
Solution 21

The lines appear to intersect at the point (2, 0).


23
CHECK Substitute 2 for x and 0 for y in each equation.
Equation 1 Equation 2
2x 1 y 5 4 3x 2 5y 5 6
2(2) 1 0 0 4 3(2) 2 5(0) 0 6
41004 62006
454✓ 656✓

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Because the ordered pair (2, 0) is a solution of each equation, it is a solution of
the system.

EXAMPLE 2 Use the graph-and-check method


Solve the linear system: x 2 3y 5 2 Equation 1
25x 1 y 5 4 Equation 2
STEP 1 Graph both equations. STEP 2 Estimate the point of the intersection.
The two lines appear to intersect at
y
(21, 21).

23 3 x

23

Algebra 1
12 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

STEP 3 Check whether (21, 21) is a solution by substituting 21 for x and 21 for
y in each of the original equations.
Equation 1 Equation 2
x 2 3y 5 2 25x 1 y 5 4
21 2 3(21) 0 2 25(21) 1 (21) 0 4
21 1 3 0 2 52104
252✓ 454✓

Because the ordered pair (21, 21) is a solution of each equation, it is a solution of
the system.

EXAMPLE 3 Solve a multi-step problem

LESSON 7.1
Delivery Service The Rosebud Flower Shop has a basic delivery charge of $5 plus a
rate of $.25 per mile. The Beautiful Bouquets Shop has a basic delivery charge of $7
plus a rate of $.20 per mile. Determine the number of miles a delivery must be for the
charges to be equal.
Solution

STEP 1 Write a linear system. Let x be the number of miles driven and y be the total
cost of the delivery.
y 5 5 1 0.25x Equation for Rosebud Flower Shop
y 5 7 1 0.20x Equation for Beautiful Bouquets Shop
STEP 2 Graph both equations.
Delivery Service
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

STEP 3 Estimate the point of intersection. The two lines y


appear to intersect at (40, 15).
Total cost (dollars)

18
15
STEP 4 Check whether (40, 15) is a solution. 12
Equation 1 Equation 2 9

y 5 5 1 0.25x y 5 7 1 0.20x 6
3
15 0 5 1 0.25(40) 15 0 7 1 0.20(40) 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 x
15 5 15 ✓ 15 515 ✓ Miles driven

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Solve the linear system by graphing.
1
1. 23x 1 y 5 4 2. x 1 }2 y 5 4 3. 2x 2 6y 5 4

5x 2 2y 5 27 5x 1 2y 5 18 7x 2 4y 5 220
4. In Example 3, suppose Rosebud Flower Shop increases its basic charge to
$10, and Beautiful Bouquets raises its basic charge to $13. Determine when
the costs will be equal.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 13
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
7.1
Worked Out Example
For use with pages 439–445

PROBLEM Aerobics A fitness club offers two aerobics classes. There are currently 28 people
going to the afternoon class and attendance is increasing at a rate of 2 people per
month. There are currently 16 people going to the night class and attendance is
increasing at a rate of 4 people per month. Predict when the number of people in
each class will be the same.
STEP 1 Read and Understand
What do you know? The number of people that go to each aerobic class and
the increase each month.
What do you want to find out? When each class has the same number of
people.
LESSON 7.1

STEP 2 Make a Plan Use what you know to write and solve a linear system.
STEP 3 Solve the Problem Let x be the number of months and y be the number of
people in the class.
An equation that models the afternoon Number of people y
class is y 5 2x 1 28. 50
40 y 5 2x 1 28
An equation that models the night class 30
is y 5 4x 1 16. 20
y 5 4x 1 16
Graph both equations. The point of 10
intersection occurs at the point (6, 40). 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
Number of months
After 6 months, both the afternoon class
and the night class have the same number
of people, 40.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


STEP 4 Look Back Check whether (6, 40) is a solution.
y 5 2x 1 28 y 5 4x 1 16
40 0 2(6) 1 28 40 0 4(6) 1 16
40 5 40 ✓ 40 5 40 ✓
The answer is correct.

PRACTICE 1. Carpet Store A charges $4 per square 3. What If? For the next football game,
foot for carpeting and $95 for installa- you sell 241 tickets and collect $1315.
tion. Store B charges $6 per square foot How many of each type of ticket did
for carpeting and $75 for installation. you sell?
Find the square footage for which the
total cost is the same for each store. 4. Bowling Alley A charges $2.25 per
game of bowling and $1.75 for shoe
2. Football You are selling tickets to a rentals. Alley B charges $2 per game
football game. Student tickets cost of bowling and $2.75 for shoe rentals.
$4 and general admission tickets cost Find the number of games for which
$7. You sell 213 tickets and collect the total cost is the same to bowl at
$1146. How many of each type of each alley.
ticket did you sell?
Algebra 1
14 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
7.1 For use with pages 439–445

Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the system of linear


equations.
11 9
1. 1 }45, }45 2; 2. 1}4 42
,} ;
2x 1 3y 5 4 x1y55
1
3x 1 2y 5 4 x 2 y 5 }2

3a 1 2b 3b 2 2a
3. (4, 1); 4. 1}
b 1a b 1a 2
2
,} ; 2 2 2

x 1 2y 5 6
ax 1 by 5 3
2x 2 3y 5 4
bx 2 ay 5 2

In Exercises 5 and 6, use the table that shows the numbers of households

LESSON 7.1
in two cities in the years 1990 and 2000.

1990 2000

Bayside 100,000 105,000


Coal Flats 105,000 85,000

5. For each city, write a linear model to represent the number of households at time t,
where t represents the number of years since 1990.
6. Use a graph to estimate when the two cities had the same number of households.

In Exercises 7–9, use the table that shows the annual number of
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

spectators for three sports in a small town in the years 1950 and 2000.

1950 2000

Hockey 20,000 80,000


Soccer 0 100,000
Baseball 90,000 40,000

7. For each sport, write a linear model to represent the annual number of spectators at
time t, where t represents the number of years since 1950.
8. Use a graph to estimate when the annual number of spectators of soccer overtook the
annual number of spectators of hockey.
9. Use a graph to estimate when the annual number of spectators of soccer overtook the
annual number of spectators of baseball.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 15
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
7.2 For use with pages 447– 453

Solve for the indicated variable.


1. 9x 1 y 5 7; y 2. 3x 2 y 5 10; y 3. x 2 4y 5 1; x
1
4. 3x 1 6y 5 9; x 5. 2x 2 2y 5 8; y 6. } x 2 3y 5 7; x
2

Tell which equation you would use to isolate a variable. Explain your
reasoning.
7. x 5 5y 2 8 8. 23x 1 2y 5 7 9. 4 1 8x 5 y
4x 1 3y 5 5 y 5 6x 1 1 6x 2 y 5 2
10. 2x 1 y 5 8 11. x 1 4y 5 22 12. 2x 5 4y 1 2
2y 2 3x 5 5 3x 2 y 5 1 25x 1 5y 5 13

Solve the linear system by using substitution.


13. x 5 1 2 y 14. x 5 4y 1 14 15. y 5 23x 2 1
y 5 2x 2 2 y 5 23x 1 3 4x 1 3y 5 2
16. y 5 22x 1 4 17. 4x 2 2y 5 14 18. x 1 2y 5 6
5y 2 2x 5 216 x 5 10 2 6y 27x 1 3y 5 28
19. 28x 1 3y 5 233 20. x 1 2y 5 11 21. 23x 1 y 5 8
5x 1 y 5 35 3x 2 4y 5 217 x 1 2y 5 25
22. x 1 y 5 3 23. x 2 y 5 0 24. 2x 1 2y 5 6
LESSON 7.2

3x 2 4y 5 219 2x 1 4y 5 18 3x 2 5y 5 25

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


25. Driving Your brother and sister took turns driving on a 635-mile trip that took
11 hours to complete. Your brother drove at a constant speed of 60 miles per hour
and your sister drove at a constant speed of 55 miles per hour. Let x be the number
of miles your brother drove and let y be the number of miles your sister drove. Solve
the linear system x 1 y 5 11 and 60x 1 55y 5 635 to find the number of miles each
of your siblings drove.
26. Fundraising A wilderness group is selling cans of nuts and boxes of microwaveable
popcorn to raise money for a trip. A can of nuts sells for $4.50 and a box of
microwaveable popcorn sells for $3. The group sells $252 in nuts and popcorn and
they sell twice as many boxes of popcorn as cans of nuts.
a. Let x be the number of boxes of popcorn and let y be the number of cans of nuts
sold. Write an equation that relates the number of boxes of popcorn sold to the
number of cans of nuts sold.
b. Write an equation that gives the total amount of money made in terms of x and y.
c. How many boxes of popcorn did the group sell? How many cans of nuts did the
group sell?

Algebra 1
16 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
7.2 For use with pages 447–453

Solve for the indicated variable.


1. 8x 1 4y 5 12; y 2. 3x 2 4y 5 12; y 3. 6x 2 4y 5 8; x

Tell which equation you would use to isolate a variable. Explain your
reasoning.
4. x 5 8y 2 3 5. 24x 1 5y 5 11 6. 9 2 3x 5 y
3x 2 4y 5 1 y 5 4x 2 1 3x 2 y 5 22

Solve the linear system by using substitution.


7. x 5 6 2 4y 8. 4x 1 3y 5 0 9. 2x 1 2y 5 26
2x 2 3y 5 1 2x 1 y 5 22 8x 1 y 5 31
10. 6x 2 y 5 235 11. 2x 1 3y 5 29 12. 3x 1 3y 5 218
5x 2 2y 5 235 8x 2 4y 5 32 4x 2 y 5 214
13. 2x 1 2y 5 6 14. 5x 1 2y 5 43 15. 4x 2 2y 5 24
23x 1 5y 5 233 26x 1 3y 5 230 7x 2 5y 5 219
16. 3x 1 2y 5 5 17. 4x 2 3y 5 28 18. 8x 1 8y 5 24
5x 2 9y 5 24 2x 1 3y 5 24 x 1 5y 5 11

19. Drum Sticks A drummer is stocking up on drum sticks and brushes. The wood
sticks that he buys are $10.50 a pair and the brushes are $24 a pair. He ends up
spending $90 on sticks and brushes and buys two times as many pairs of sticks
as brushes. How many pairs of sticks and brushes did he buy?

LESSON 7.2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

20. Mowing and Shoveling Last year you mowed grass and shoveled snow for
12 households. You earned $225 for mowing a household’s lawn for the entire year
and you earned $200 for shoveling a household’s walk and driveway for an entire
year. You earned a total of $2600 last year.
a. Let x be the number of households you mowed for and let y be the number of
households you shoveled for. Write an equation in x and y that shows the total
number of households you worked for. Then write an equation in x and y that
shows the total amount of money you earned.
b. How many households did you mow the lawn for and how many households did
you shovel the walk and driveway for?

21. Dimensions of a Metal Sheet A rectangular hole 3 centimeters wide


and x centimeters long is cut in a rectangular sheet of metal that is
4 centimeters wide and y centimeters long. The length of the hole is 4 cm 3 cm
1 centimeter less than the length of the metal sheet. After the hole x
is cut, the area of the remaining metal sheet is 20 square centimeters. y
Find the length of the hole and the length of the metal sheet.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 17
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
7.2 For use with pages 447– 453

Tell which equation you would use to isolate a variable. Explain your
reasoning.
1. 6x 2 y 5 9 2. 22x 1 4y 5 10 3. 15 2 3x 5 2y
5x 2 3y 5 2 9y 5 5x 2 7 9x 2 3y 5 26

Solve the linear system by using substitution.


4. 13x 2 4y 5 38 5. 10x 2 20y 5 0 6. 3.5x 1 0.5y 5 14
x 2 6y 5 254 x 1 5y 5 228 y2x54
7. 10x 1 y 5 285 8. 4x 2 3y 5 222 9. 4x 1 7y 5 8
0.1x 1 2.5y 5 11.6 0.2x 1 y 5 10.4 x 1 11y 5 76
10. 3x 1 2y 5 29 11. 5x 1 y 5 41 12. 210x 1 3y 5 21
2x 1 3y 5 4 3x 2 y 5 23 x 2 6y 5 15
1 1 3 1 7 7
13. } x 1 } y 5 } 14. x 1 } y 5 2} 15. 6x 1 5y 5 2}
2 3 4 5 5 3
1 13 3 1 5
x 2 }4 y 5 }
16
23x 2 6y 5 }2 } x 2 y 5 2}
3 9

16. Find the values of a and b so that the linear system shown has a solution of (4, 25).
ax 1 by 5 210 Equation 1
ax 2 by 5 230 Equation 2
LESSON 7.2

17. Painting and Cleaning During the spring and summer, you do a spring yard
cleanup for households and you also paint houses. You earn $8 an hour doing the

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


cleanups and $12 an hour painting. Last spring and summer, you worked a total of
400 hours and earned $3800. How many hours did you spend doing yard cleanups?
How many hours did you spend painting?
18. Room Dimensions The area of the room shown is
4 ft
224 square feet. The perimeter of the room is 64 feet.
Find x and y. 12 ft
8 ft

y ft x ft

19. Potting Soil You are creating a potting mix for your window boxes that is 20% peat
moss and 80% potting soil. You add 100% potting soil to your mix that is currently
50% peat moss and 50% potting soil. You have 4 buckets of the mix that is half and
half. Do you have enough of the half and half mix to make 8 buckets of the mix that
is 20% peat moss and 80% potting soil? Explain.

Algebra 1
18 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
7.2 For use with pages 447–453

GOAL Solve systems of linear equations by substitution.

EXAMPLE 1 Use the substitution method


Solve the linear system: 2x 1 y 5 1 Equation 1
x 1 2y 5 5 Equation 2
Solution

STEP 1 Solve Equation 1 for y.


2x 1 y 5 1 Write original Equation 1.
y 5 22x 1 1 Subtract 2x from each side.
STEP 2 Substitute 22x 1 1 for y in Equation 2 and solve for x.
x 1 2y 5 5 Write Equation 2.
x 1 2(22x 1 1) 5 5 Substitute 22x 1 1 for y.
x 2 4x 1 2 5 5 Distributive property
23x 1 2 5 5 Simplify.
23x 5 3 Subtract 2 from each side.
x 5 21 Divide each side by 23.
STEP 3 Substitute 21 for x in the original Equation 1 to find the value of y.
2x 1 y 5 1 Write original Equation 1.

LESSON 7.2
2(21) 1 y 5 1 Substitute 21 for x.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

22 1 y 5 1 Simplify.
y53 Solve for y.
The solution is (21, 3).
CHECK Substitute 21 for x and 3 for y in each of the original equations.
Equation 1 Equation 2
2x 1 y 5 1 x 1 2y 5 5
2(21) 1 3 0 1 21 1 2(3) 0 5
151✓ 555✓

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 19
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
7.2 For use with pages 447– 453

EXAMPLE 2 Use the substitution method


Solve the linear system: 2x 1 5y 5 5 Equation 1
x 2 4y 5 9 Equation 2
Solution

STEP 1 Solve Equation 2 for x.


x 2 4y 5 9 Write original Equation 2.
x 5 4y 1 9 Revised Equation 2
STEP 2 Substitute 4y 1 9 for x in Equation 1 and solve for y.
2x 1 5y 5 5 Write Equation 1.
2(4y 1 9) 1 5y 5 5 Substitute 4y 1 9 for x.
8y 1 18 1 5y 5 5 Distributive property
13y 1 18 5 5 Simplify.
13y 5 213 Subtract 18 from each side.
y 5 21 Divide each side by 13.
STEP 3 Substitute 21 for y in the revised Equation 2 to find the value of x.
x 5 4y 1 9 Revised Equation 2
x 5 4(21) 1 9 Substitute 21 for y.
x55 Simplify.
LESSON 7.2

The solution is (5, 21).

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


CHECK Substitute 5 for x and 21 for y in each equation.
Equation 1 Equation 2
2x 1 5y 5 5 x 2 4y 5 9
2(5) 1 5(21) 0 5 5 2 4(21) 0 9
555✓ 959✓

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Solve the linear system using the substitution method.
1. x 1 3y 5 210 2. 8x 1 5y 5 6 3. 6x 2 7y 5 22
7x 2 5y 5 34 5x 2 y 5 221 x 2 4y 5 22
3
4. 6x 1 y 5 26 5. x 1 3y 5 11 6. } x 1 y 5 8
2
5x 2 2y 5 21 5x 1 6y 5 1 1
4x 2 }2 y 5 15

Algebra 1
20 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
7.2 For use with pages 447–453

Solve the linear system by using the substitution method.


1. 2x 1 y 5 1
3
}x 1 y 5 6
2
1 4
2. 2} x 1 } y 5 22
2 3
3 2 1
}x 1 }
3
y 5 }2
4

In Exercises 3 and 4, use the method shown in the following example to


solve the system of equations.

Example: x2 1 y2 5 4
1
} x 2 1 3y 2 5 8
2
Solution: Let u 5 x 2 and v 5 y 2.
Using substitution, the system becomes
u1v54
.
1
} u 1 3v 5 8
2
8 12
Solving this system by substitution gives u 5 }5 and v 5 }
5
.
Î Î
} }
8 12
Because u 5 x 2 and v 5 y 2, x 5 6 }5 and y 5 6 }5
. So, the solutions

are 1 2Î}5 , 2Î} , 2Î}5 , Î } , Î} , 2Î } , and 1 Î}5 , Î }


} } } } } } } }

5 2 1 5 2 1 5 5 2 5 2
8 12 8 12 8 12 8 12
.

LESSON 7.2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

3. 2x 2 1 4y 2 5 11
x 2 1 5y 2 5 8
4. 3x 1 5y 2 5 8
x 1 2y 2 5 6

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 21
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
7.3 For use with pages 456–462

Rewrite the linear system so that the like terms are arranged in columns.
1. 3x 2 y 5 23 2. 8x 5 y 1 1 3. 7x 2 4y 5 8
y 1 8x 5 11 3y 1 8x 5 7 4y 5 27x 1 9
4. 7x 2 y 5 13 5. 14 5 x 2 3y 6. 8x 1 1 5 4y
y 5 14x 2 3 x 1 10y 5 23 4y 1 3 5 14x

Describe the first step you would use to solve the linear system.
7. x 1 4y 5 1 8. 2x 1 3y 5 21 9. 5x 1 y 5 8
6x 2 4y 5 23 3y 5 22x 1 3 x 1 y 5 26
10. 24x 2 4y 5 7 11. 6x 2 4y 5 5 12. 3x 5 y 2 9
4y 2 x 5 2 26x 2 5y 5 7 25x 1 y 5 8

Solve the linear system by using elimination.


13. 6x 2 y 5 5 14. x 1 4y 5 9 15. 5x 2 3y 5 214
3x 1 y 5 4 2x 2 2y 5 3 x 1 3y 5 2
16. 2x 1 y 5 7 17. 4x 1 3y 5 18 18. 25x 1 2y 5 22
x1y51 4x 2 2y 5 8 3x 1 2y 5 210
19. 3x 5 y 1 5 20. x 2 4y 5 219 21. y 2 3 5 22x
2x 1 y 5 5 3y 2 15 5 x 2x 1 3y 5 13
22. 6x 2 3y 5 36 23. 24x 1 y 5 227 24. 9x 2 4y 5 255
5x 5 3y 1 30 2y 1 6x 5 43 3x 5 24y 2 21

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


25. Rollerblading One day, you are rollerblading on a trail while it is windy. You travel
along the trail, turn around and come back to your starting point. On your way out
on the trail, you are rollerblading against the wind. On your return trip, which is the
same distance, you are rollerblading with the wind. You can only travel 3 miles an
hour against the wind, which is blowing at a constant speed. You travel 8 miles an
hour with the wind. Use the models below to write and solve a system of equations
to find the average speed when there is no wind and the speed of the wind.
Against the wind: Your speed with no wind 2 Speed of wind 5 Your speed
With the wind: Your speed with no wind 1 Speed of wind 5 Your speed
LESSON 7.3

26. Car Wash A gas station has a car wash. If you get your gas tank filled, then you are
charged a lower flat fee x in dollars for a car wash plus y dollars per gallon for the
gasoline. Two cars fill up with regular gasoline and both get a car wash. One car uses
8 gallons of gasoline and pays $22.80 for the gas and car wash and the other car uses
6 gallons of gasoline and pays $18.60 for the gas and car wash. Find the fee for the
car wash and the cost of one gallon of regular gasoline.

Algebra 1
22 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
7.3 For use with pages 456–462

Rewrite the linear system so that the like terms are arranged in columns.
1. 8x 2 y 5 19 2. 4x 5 y 2 11 3. 9x 2 2y 5 5
y 1 3x 5 7 6y 1 4x 5 23 2y 5 211x 1 8

Describe the first step you would use to solve the linear system.
4. 22x 2 y 5 24 5. 25 5 x 2 7y 6. 3x 1 7 5 2y
y 5 6x 2 5 x 1 12y 5 28 22y 2 1 5 10x
7. x 1 9y 5 2 8. 4x 1 3y 5 26 9. 4x 1 y 5 210
14x 2 9y 5 24 3y 5 25x 1 1 x 1 y 5 214

Solve the linear system by using elimination.


10. x 1 5y 5 28 11. 7x 2 4y 5 230 12. 6x 1 y 5 39
2x 2 2y 5 213 3x 1 4y 5 10 22x 1 y 5 217
13. 3x 5 y 2 20 14. 2x 2 6y 5 210 15. x 2 3y 5 6
27x 2 y 5 40 4x 5 10 1 6y 22x 5 3y 1 33
1 11 2
16. 23x 5 y 2 20 17. x 2 } y 5 } 18. 2} x 1 6y 5 38
2 2 3
2y 5 25x 1 4 2x 1 4y 5 26 x 2 6y 5 233
3 5 1 1 3 29
19. } x 1 y 5 2} 20. 7x 2 } y 5 229 21. } x 2 } y 5 2}
2 2 3 2 2 2
4x 1 y 5 25 1
2x 2 }3 y 5 29
1
2}2 x 1 3y 5 33
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

22. Fishing Barge A fishing barge leaves from a dock and moves upstream (against
the current) at a rate of 3.8 miles per hour until it reaches its destination. After the
people on the barge are done fishing, the barge moves the same distance downstream
(with the current) at a rate of 8 miles per hour until it returns to the dock. The speed
of the current remains constant. Use the models below to write and solve a system
of equations to find the average speed of the barge in still water and the speed of the
current.
Upstream: Speed of barge in still water 2 Speed of current 5 Speed of barge
Downstream: Speed of barge in still water 1 Speed of current 5 Speed of barge
LESSON 7.3

23. Floor Sander Rental A rental company charges a flat fee of x dollars for a floor
sander rental plus y dollars per hour of the rental. One customer rents a floor sander
for 4 hours and pays $63. Another customer rents a floor sander for 6 hours and
pays $87.
a. Find the flat fee and the cost per hour for the rental.
b. How much would it cost someone to rent a sander for 11 hours?

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 23
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
7.3 For use with pages 456–462

Solve the linear system by using elimination.


1. 4x 2 y 5 221 2. 22x 1 5y 5 14 3. 2y 2 x 5 7
24x 1 7y 5 51 8x 1 5y 5 94 x 5 6y 2 28
4. 10y 2 2x 5 238 5. 8x 2 6y 5 212 6. 215x 1 4y 5 43
22x 5 8y 1 52 8x 1 4y 5 128 4y 5 23x 1 25
7. 6x 2 3y 5 54 8. 2y 2 3x 5 10 9. 9x 5 235 2 5y
6x 5 8y 2 36 7x 5 22y 2 50 5y 2 10x 5 250
10. 1.8x 2 4.2y 5 215.6 11. 27.4y 2 2.2x 5 47.2 12. 9.5x 2 7.4y 5 15.7
1.8x 1 7.5y 5 42.9 2.8y 5 2.2x 1 6.4 7.4y 2 4.2x 5 42.6
2 1 2
13. } x 1 } y 5 } 14. 4.5x 1 0.5y 5 48.5 15. 3.2x 5 4.8y 1 8
3 3 3
1 1 5 2.5x 5 0.5y 1 14.5 6.4y 5 3.2x 2 19.2
}y 1 }x 5 }
3 3 3

16. For b Þ 0, what is the solution of the system 2x 1 by 5 22 and 4x 2 by 5 8?

17. Solve for x, y, and z in the system of equations below. Explain your steps.

x 1 3y 1 2z 5 9 Equation 1
2z 1 x 2 5y 5 27 Equation 2
6y 5 15 2 3x Equation 3
18. Car Rental A car rental company charges a daily rental fee plus a per mile fee

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


over 150 miles. Two different people rent the same style of car for the same number
of days. The total bill for one person’s rental is $207.50 for a 5-day rental and
180 miles. The total bill for the other person’s rental is $212.50 for a 5-day rental
and 200 miles.
a. Write a linear system that you can use to find the daily rental fee and the per mile
fee over 150 miles. Explain how you got your linear system.
b. What is the daily rental fee? What is the fee per mile over 150 miles?

19. Greeting Cards Two friends are making their own greeting cards. They already
have ink, but they will buy the stamps and cards. The table shows the numbers of
stamps and packages of cards each person is buying. Another friend, George, wants
LESSON 7.3

to buy 3 stamps and 3 packages of cards. How much will it cost him? Explain.

Customer Stamps Packages of cards Total cost (dollars)

Stan 4 2 22.98
Leeza 7 2 32.73

Algebra 1
24 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
7.3 For use with pages 456–462

GOAL Solve linear systems by elimination.

EXAMPLE 1 Use addition to eliminate a variable


Solve the linear system: 2x 1 4y 5 2 Equation 1
4x 2 4y 5 16 Equation 2
Solution

STEP 1 Add the equations to 2x 1 4y 5 2


eliminate one variable. 4x 2 4y 5 16
6x 5 18
STEP 2 Solve for x.
x53
STEP 3 Substitute 3 for x in either equation and solve for y.
2x 1 4y 5 2 Write Equation 1.
2(3) 1 4y 5 2 Substitute 3 for x.
y 5 21 Solve for y.
The solution is (3, 21).
CHECK Substitute 3 for x and 21 for y in each equation.
Equation 1 Equation 2
2x 1 4y 5 2 4x 2 4y 5 16
2(3) 1 4(21) 0 2 4(3) 2 4(21) 0 16
252✓ 16 5 16 ✓
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

EXAMPLE 2 Use subtraction to eliminate a variable


Solve the linear system: 7x 1 5y 5 18 Equation 1
7x 2 3y 5 34 Equation 2
Solution

STEP 1 Subtract the equations 7x 1 5y 5 18


to eliminate one variable. 7x 2 3y 5 34
8y 5 216
STEP 2 Solve for y.
y 5 22
LESSON 7.3

STEP 3 Substitute 22 for y in either equation and solve for x.


7x 1 5y 5 18 Write Equation 1.
7x 1 5(22) 5 18 Substitute 22 for y.
x54 Solve for x.
The solution is (4, 22).

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 25
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
7.3 For use with pages 456–462

EXAMPLE 3 Arrange like terms


Solve the linear system: 6x 2 4y 5 10 Equation 1
13y 5 6x 1 8 Equation 2
Solution

STEP 1 Rewrite Equation 1 so that the like terms are arranged in columns.
6x 2 4y 5 10 6x 2 4y 5 10
13y 5 6x 1 8 26x 1 13y 5 8
STEP 2 Add the equations. 9y 5 18
STEP 3 Solve for y. y52
STEP 4 Substitute 2 for y in either equation and solve for x.
6x 1 4y 5 10 Write Equation 1.
6x 2 4(2) 5 10 Substitute 2 for y.
x53 Solve for x.
The solution is (3, 2).

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Solve the linear system.
1. 5x 1 8y 5 36 2. 4x 1 5y 5 8
7x 2 8y 5 12 24x 2 3y 5 0
3. 9x 2 8y 5 7 4. 24x 1 7y 5 11

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


9x 1 2y 5 213 2x 1 7y 5 47
5. 9x 1 8y 5 230 6. 5y 5 4x 1 3
9x 5 4y 1 42 7x 5 36 2 5y
LESSON 7.3

Algebra 1
26 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
7.3
Using Alternative Methods
For use with pages 4562462

Another Way to Solve Example 4 on page 458


Multiple Representations In Example 4 on page 458, you saw how to
solve a problem about average speed using an inequality. You can also solve the problem
by substitution.

PROBLEM Kayaking During a kayaking trip, a kayaker travels 12 miles upstream (against the
current) and 12 miles downstream (with the current), as shown on page 458. The
speed of the current remained constant during the trip. Find the average speed of the
kayak in still water and the speed of the current.

METHOD Substitution You can solve the problem by substitution.


STEP 1 Write the system of equations from page 458.
Going upstream: x2y54
Going downstream: x1y56
STEP 2 Solve Equation 1 for x.
x2y54 Write Equation 1.
x5y14 Solve for x.
STEP 3 Substitute y 1 4 for x in Equation 2 and solve for y.
x1y56 Write Equation 2.
y141y56 Substitute y 1 4 for x.
y51 Solve for y.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

STEP 4 Substitute 1 for y in the revised Equation 1 to find the value of x.


x5y14511455
The average speed of the kayak in still water is 5 miles per hour, and the speed of
the current is 1 mile per hour.

PRACTICE 1. Running Running into the wind, 3. Boating James and Bret take a boat
Calvin takes 56 minutes to run 7 miles. out on a river. It takes them 15 minutes
The return run takes 50 minutes. The to travel 5 miles upstream (against the
wind speed remains constant during the current). The return trip downstream
trip. Find the average speed (in miles (with the current) takes 10 minutes. The
LESSON 7.3

per hour) of Calvin in still air and the speed of the current remained constant
speed (in miles per hour) of the wind. during the trip. Find the average speed
(in miles per hour) of the boat in still
2. What If? Suppose in Exercise 1 it takes water and the speed of the current.
Calvin 70 minutes to run 7 miles into
the wind and 50 minutes on the return
run. Find the average speed of Calvin in
still air and the speed of the wind.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 27
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
7.3 For use with pages 456–462

In Exercises 1–3, use the method shown in the following example to solve
the system of equations.
1 1
Example: 31 }x 2 1 2 }y 2 5 4
1
1 1
61 }x 2 2 2 }y 2 5 5
1
1 1
Solution: Let u 5 } and v 5 }y .
x
Using substitution, the system becomes
3u 1 2v 5 4
.
6u 2 2v 5 5
Adding the equations results in the equation 9u 5 9.
1 1 1
So, u 5 1 5 }x and v 5 }2 5 }y . So, x 5 1 and y 5 2.

1 1
1 2 12
1. 4 } 1 7 } 5 3
x y
1 1
241 }x 2 2 31 }y 2 5 5

1
1 2
2. 4 1 1 } 1 7y 5 3
x
1
241 1 1 }x 2 2 3y 5 5

1
3. 22(1 1 y 3) 1 7 }2 5 5
x 1 2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1
1x 2
4(1 1 y 3) 1 7 }2 5 27

Solve the system for x and y in terms of a and b.


4. 3ax 1 2by 5 4
6ax 1 2by 5 7
5. ax 1 by 5 10
2ax 1 5by 5 13
6. 4ax 2 11y 5 b
LESSON 7.3

2ax 1 2y 5 b

Algebra 1
28 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
7.4 For use with pages 463–469

Match the linear system with an equivalent linear system.

LESSON 7.4
1. 5x 2 2y 5 8 2. 7x 1 8y 5 3 3. 5x 1 2y 5 8
7x 1 8y 5 3 8x 2 2y 5 5 7x 1 8y 5 3
A. 220x 2 8y 5 232 B. 32x 2 8y 5 20 C. 20x 2 8y 5 32
7x 1 8y 5 3 7x 1 8y 5 3 7y 1 8y 5 3

Describe the first step you would use to solve the linear system.
4. x 1 y 5 4 5. 2x 1 6y 5 21 6. 3x 2 6y 5 21
3x 2 7y 5 10 24x 1 7y 5 8 x1y54
7. 5x 2 2y 5 25 8. 23x 1 9y 5 13 9. 4x 2 y 5 7
10x 2 3x 5 7 7x 2 3y 5 14 10x 1 2y 5 8

Solve the linear system by using elimination.


10. x 1 y 5 3 11. 4x 1 y 5 28 12. 3x 2 y 5 10
22x 1 4y 5 6 3x 1 3y 5 3 2x 1 5y 5 35
13. 5x 2 4y 5 42 14. 2x 1 3y 5 210 15. 5x 1 6y 5 100
x 2 6y 5 24 24x 1 5y 5 22 2x 1 3y 5 46
16. 3x 2 5y 5 250 17. 26x 2 5y 5 243 18. 8x 2 6y 5 8
12x 1 2y 5 246 7x 1 15y 5 41 4x 1 5y 5 36
19. 4x 1 5y 5 100 20. 23x 1 11y 5 238 21. 5x 2 8y 5 235
3x 2 2y 5 6 2x 1 9y 5 240 27x 2 3y 5 222
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

22. Baseball Game Two families go to a baseball game. One family purchases two
adult tickets and three youth tickets for $33. Another family purchases three adult
tickets and two youth tickets for $37. Let x represent the cost in dollars of one adult
ticket and let y represent the cost in dollars of one youth ticket. The linear system
given by 2x 1 3y 5 33 and 3x 1 2y 5 37 represents this situation.
a. Solve the linear system to find the cost of one adult and one youth ticket.
b. How much would it cost two adults and five youths to attend the game?

23. Electricians Two different electrical businesses charge different rates.


Business A charges $30 for a service call, plus an additional $45 per hour for labor.
Business B charges $45 for a service call, plus an additional $40 per hour for labor.
a. Let x represent the number of hours of labor and let y represent the total charge
in dollars. Write a linear system that you could use to find the lengths of a
service call for which both businesses charge the same amount.
b. Solve the linear system.
c. When will the businesses charge the same amount?

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 29
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
7.4 For use with pages 463–469

Describe the first step you would use to solve the linear system.
LESSON 7.4

1. 3x 2 4y 5 7 2. 9x 1 4y 5 13 3. 5x 1 7y 5 23
5x 1 8y 5 10 3x 1 5y 5 9 15x 1 4y 5 25
4. 7x 2 4y 5 6 5. 7x 1 9y 5 26 6. 9x 2 5y 5 14
3x 2 2y 5 215 25x 1 14y 5 11 26x 1 8y 5 13

Solve the linear system by using elimination.


7. x 1 3y 5 1 8. 23x 2 y 5 215 9. x 1 7y 5 237
25x 1 4y 5 224 8x 1 4y 5 48 2x 2 5y 5 21
10. 8x 2 4y 5 276 11. 23x 1 10y 5 23 12. 9x 2 4y 5 26
5x 1 2y 5 216 5x 1 2y 5 55 18x 1 7y 5 22
13. 4x 2 3y 5 16 14. 20x 1 10y 5 100 15. 3x 2 10y 5 225
16x 1 10y 5 240 25x 1 4y 5 53 5x 2 20y 5 255
16. 23x 2 4y 5 27 17. 2x 1 7y 5 2 18. 3x 2 5y 5 216
5x 2 6y 5 27 5x 2 2y 5 83 2x 2 3y 5 28

19. Hockey Game Two families go to a hockey game. One family purchases two adult
tickets and four youth tickets for $28. Another family purchases four adult tickets
and five youth tickets for $45.50. Let x represent the cost in dollars of one adult
ticket and let y represent the cost in dollars of one youth ticket.
a. Write a linear system that represents this situation.
b. Solve the linear system to find the cost of one adult and one youth ticket.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


c. How much would it cost two adults and five youths to attend the game?

20. Travel Agency A travel agency offers two Chicago outings. Plan A includes hotel
accommodations for three nights and two pairs of baseball tickets worth a total
of $557. Plan B includes hotel accommodations for five nights and four pairs of
baseball tickets worth a total of $974. Let x represent the cost in dollars of one
night’s hotel accommodations and let y represent the cost in dollars of one pair
of baseball tickets.
a. Write a linear system you could use to find the cost of one night’s hotel accommodations
and the cost of one pair of baseball tickets.
b. Solve the linear system to find the cost of one night’s hotel accommodations and
the cost of one pair of baseball tickets.
21. Highway Project There are fifteen workers employed on a highway project, some
at $180 per day and some at $155 per day. The daily payroll is $2400. Let x represent
the number of $180 per day workers and let y represent the number of $155 per day
workers. Write and solve a linear system to find the number of workers employed at
each wage.

Algebra 1
30 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
7.4 For use with pages 463–469

Solve the linear system by using elimination.

LESSON 7.4
1. 23x 1 5y 5 28 2. 2x 1 7y 5 213 3. 4x 1 7y 5 243
9x 1 4y 5 68 23x 1 14y 5 25 23x 1 6y 5 269
4. 8x 2 6y 5 2140 5. 4x 1 9y 5 253 6. 26x 1 12y 5 48
3x 1 5y 5 20 26x 2 4y 5 32 27x 1 18y 5 84
7. 3x 1 9y 5 27 8. 28x 1 5y 5 6 9. 10x 2 8y 5 28
14x 1 6y 5 18 6x 2 3y 5 6 12x 1 5y 5 92
10. 6x 2 11y 5 293 11. 215x 1 4y 5 22 12. 9x 2 8y 5 23
15x 1 13y 5 132 13x 2 10y 5 244 14x 2 12y 5 26

Solve the linear system by using any algebraic method.


13. 0.4x 1 0.1y 5 0.7 14. 4x 2 3y 5 7 15. 1.5x 1 2.6y 5 212.7
x2y53 1.5x 1 y 5 9 24.5x 1 0.3y 5 21.9
7 2 1 11
16. x 1 y 5 7 17. 4x 1 y 5 2} 18. } x 2 } y 5 2}
4 3 4 3
1 1 5
}x 2 }y 5 } 5x 2 2y 5 23 1 3 16
4 4 4 }x 1 }y 5 }
3 5 15

19. Find the values of a and b so that the linear system has a solution of (2, 4).

ax 2 by 5 0 Equation 1
bx 2 ay 5 26 Equation 2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

20. Lift Tickets Two families go skiing on a Saturday. One family purchases two adult
lift tickets and four youth lift tickets for $166. Another family purchases four adult
lift tickets and five youth lift tickets for $263. Let x represent the cost in dollars of
one adult lift ticket and let y represent the cost in dollars of one youth lift ticket.
a. Write a linear system that represents this situation.
b. Solve the linear system to find the cost of one adult and one youth lift ticket.
c. How much would it cost two adults and five youths to ski for a day?

21. Asian Cuisine A group of your friends goes to a restaurant that features different
Asian foods. There are eight people in your group. Some of the group order the Thai
special for $14.25 and the rest of the group order the Szechwan special for $13.95.
If the total bill was $113.10, how many people ordered each dinner?
22. Getting to School You walk 1.75 miles to school at an average speed r (in miles per
hour). On the way back home, you are walking with a friend and your average speed
3
is }4 r. The round trip took a total of 90 minutes. Find the average speed for each leg
of your trip.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 31
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
7.4 For use with pages 463– 469

GOAL Solve linear systems by multiplying first.


LESSON 7.4

EXAMPLE 1 Multiply one equation, then add


Solve the linear system: 3x 2 2y 5 24 Equation 1
7x 2 4y 5 26 Equation 2
Solution

STEP 1 Multiply Equation 1 by 22 so that the coefficients of y are opposites.

3x 2 2y 5 24 3 (22) 26x 1 4y 5 8
7x 2 4y 5 26 7x 2 4y 5 26
STEP 2 Add the equations. x 52

STEP 3 Substitute 2 for x in either equation and solve for y.


3x 2 2y 5 24 Write Equation 1.
3(2) 2 2y 5 24 Substitute 2 for x.
y55 Solve for y.
The solution is (2, 5).
CHECK Substitute 2 for x and 5 for y in each equation.
Equation 1 Equation 2
3x 2 2y 5 24 7x 2 4y 5 26
3(2) 2 2(5) 0 24 7(2) 2 4(5) 0 26

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


24 5 24 ✓ 26 5 26 ✓

Exercises for Example 1


Solve the linear system using elimination.
1. 15x 1 4y 5 25
5x 2 3y 5 30
2. 5x 1 3y 5 18
9y 5 27x 1 6
3. 4x 5 7y 1 14
14y 5 3x 1 7

Algebra 1
32 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
7.4 For use with pages 463– 469

EXAMPLE 2 Multiply both equations, then add

LESSON 7.4
Solve the linear system: 5x 1 2y 5 218 Equation 1
7y 5 3x 1 19 Equation 2
Solution

STEP 1 Arrange the equations so that like terms are in columns.


5x 1 2y 5 218 Write Equation 1.
23x 1 7y 5 19 Rewrite Equation 2.

STEP 2 Multiply Equation 1 by 3 and Equation 2 by 5 so that the coefficients of x in


the equations are the least common multiple of 5 and 3, or 15.
5x 1 2y 5 218 33 15x 1 6y 5 254
23x 1 7y 5 19 35 215x 1 35y 5 95
STEP 3 Add the equations. 41y 5 41
STEP 4 Solve for y. y51

STEP 5 Substitute 1 for y in either of the original equations and solve for x.
5x 1 2y 5 218 Write Equation 1.
5x 1 2(1) 5 218 Substitute 1 for y.
x 5 24 Solve for x.
The solution is (24, 1).
CHECK Substitute 24 for x and 1 for y in each equation.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Equation 1 Equation 2
5x 1 2y 5 218 7y 5 3x 1 19
5(24) 1 2(1) 0 218 7(1) 0 3(24) 1 19
218 5 218 ✓ 757✓

Exercises for Example 2


Solve the linear system using elimination.
4. 9x 1 5y 5 33

12x 2 7y 5 3
5. 3x 1 7y 5 20

5x 5 24y 1 41
6. 9y 5 10x 1 4

12x 5 5y 1 30

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 33
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
7.1–7.4
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 4392469
LESSON 7.4

1. Multi-Step Problem You are selling 6. Short Response At a grocery store,


tickets to a high school play. Student tickets a customer pays a total of $11.10 for
cost $5 and general admission tickets cost 1.6 pounds of chicken and 2 pounds of fish.
$8. You sell 556 tickets and collect $3797. Another customer pays a total of $12.15 for
2.4 pounds of chicken and 1.8 pounds of
a. Write a system of linear equations that
fish. How much do 2 pounds of chicken and
represent the situation.
2 pounds of fish cost? Explain.
b. How many of each type of ticket did
you sell? 7. Open-Ended Find values for m and b so
that the system y 5 2x 2 5 and
2. Multi-Step Problem Biking into the
y 5 mx 1 b has (6, 7) as a solution.
wind on a flat path, a bicyclist takes 5 hours
to travel 30 miles. The return bike takes 8. Gridded Response During one day,
3 hours. The wind speed remains constant two cars are sold at a car dealership. The
during the trip. two customers each arrange payment plans
a. Find the bicyclist’s average speed for with the salesperson. The graph shows the
each leg of the trip. amount y of money (in dollars) paid for the
car after x months. After how many months
b. Write a system of linear equations that
will each customer have paid the same
represent the situation.
amount?
c. What is the bicyclist’s average speed
in still air? What is the speed of the
Amount paid

y
wind?
(dollars)

6000
4000
3. Multi-Step Problem A total of $30,000 2000
is invested in two accounts paying 3% and 0
4% annual interest. The combined annual 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
Months since purchase
interest is $1020.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a. Write a system of linear equations that 9. Extended Response A chemist needs
represent the situation. (Hint: Write 900 milliliters of a 40% acid solution for
one equation for the amount invested a chemistry experiment. The chemist
in each account and another for the combines x milliliters of a 20% acid solution
interest earned.) and y milliliters of a 70% acid solution to
b. How much of the $30,000 is invested make the 40% acid solution.
in each account?
a. Write a linear system that represents
4. Gridded Response A bag contains dimes the situation.
and nickels. There are 18 coins in the bag. b. How many milliliters of the 20% acid
The value of the coins is $1.25. How many solution and the 70% acid solution are
nickels are in the bag? combined to make the 40% acid
5. Open-Ended Describe a real-world
solution?
problem that can be modeled by a linear c. The chemist also needs 900 millili-
system. Then graph and solve the system ters of a 45% acid solution. Does the
and interpret the solution in the context of chemist need more of the 20% acid
the problem. solution than the 70% acid solution to
make this new mix? Explain.

Algebra 1
34 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
7.4 For use with pages 463–469

In Exercises 1–3, use the following information.

LESSON 7.4
Terry has a summer job mowing lawns in a neighborhood that has only two different lot
sizes. After the first day of work, Terry’s boss observed that Terry mowed 1 small lawn and
2 large lawns in 5 hours. After the second day of work, Terry’s boss observed that Terry
mowed 3 small lawns and 3 large lawns in 8 hours.
1. Write a linear system to model this situation, where x represents the number of small
lawns mowed and y represents the number of large lawns mowed.
2. Solve the linear system written in Exercise 1. What does the solution represent?

3. If Terry mows 2 large lawns in a 9-hour day, how many small lawns will he be able
to mow?

In Exercises 4 – 6, use the following information.

Greyson has a paper delivery route which he completes by riding his bicycle. The drop-off
station where he picks up his papers for delivery is located in the neighborhood where he
delivers papers. When riding between his house and the drop-off station, Greyson averages
10 miles per hour. On Monday through Saturday the paper is a small daily and Greyson
1
averages }2 mile per hour while making his deliveries. When delivering the small daily it
takes Greyson 4 hours and 18 minutes, from the moment he leaves his house to the
moment he returns in order to complete his route. On Sundays, the paper is much larger
1
and he averages }3 mile per hour while making his deliveries, which adds an additional
2 hours to the time it takes to complete his route.
4. Write a linear system to model this situation, where x represents the miles from
Greyson’s house to the drop-off station and y represents the length of the route
(in miles).
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

5. What is the distance from Greyson’s house to the drop-off station?

6. What is the length of the paper route?

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 35
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
7.5 For use with pages 471– 477

Identify the slope of the linear equation.


1. y 2 3x 5 8 2. 4x 1 2y 5 6 3. 9x 2 3y 5 15

Match the linear system with its graph. Then use the graph to tell whether
the linear system has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many
solutions.
4. 23x 1 y 5 2 5. x 2 y 5 5 6. 4x 1 y 5 2
26x 1 2y 5 4 x1y55 24x 2 y 5 1
A. y B. y C. y
5 3

3 1
LESSON 7.5

1 3 5 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 1 3 x
21 23

Graph the linear system. Then use the graph to tell whether the linear
system has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
7. x 1 y 5 24 8. y 2 2x 5 3 9. 2x 1 2y 5 4
y 5 2x 1 1 x1y52 y 5 2x 1 2
y y y
3
3 3
1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
23
23 23

10. 3x 2 y 5 1 11. 4x 1 2y 5 8 12. 2x 2 4y 5 4


2x 1 y 5 22 3x 2 y 5 3 x 1 2 5 2y
y y y
3
3 3
1
1 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
23
23 23

Algebra 1
36 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
7.5 For use with pages 471–477

Solve the linear system by using substitution or elimination.


13. 25x 1 5y 5 210 14. 4x 2 4y 5 218 15. 2x 2 5y 5 0
3x 2 3y 5 5 7x 2 7y 5 24 5
}x 2 y 5 0
2

16. 24x 1 3y 5 1 17. 4x 2 y 5 2 18. 2x 1 4y 5 1


3x 2 4y 5 1 212x 1 3y 5 0 6x 1 12y 5 3

Without solving the linear system, tell whether the linear system has one
solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
1
19. y 5 } x 1 3 20. y 5 6x 1 4 21. y 5 3x 2 5
2
6
y 5 22x 1 3 y 5 26x 2 10 y 5 }2 x2 5

LESSON 7.5
22. y 2 3x 5 8 23. 3y 1 6x 5 8 24. 4x 1 3y 5 9
3x 1 y 5 8 2x 1 y 5 210 3
}x 1 y 5 3
4

2
25. 4x 2 6y 5 21 26. 2} x 1 y 5 2 27. 9x 2 15y 5 15
3
3 1 3
2}2 x 1 y 5 }4 26x 1 3y 5 6 x 1 }5 y 5 1

28. Water Park A water park charges a fee for admission to the park and a fee to rent
a tube for the day. One admission to the water park costs x dollars and a tube rental
for the wave pool costs y dollars. A group pays $263.25 for admission for 15 people
and 8 tube rentals. Another group pays $358 for admission for 20 people and 13 tube
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

rentals. Is there enough information to determine the cost of one admission to the
water park? Explain.
29. Movie Tickets The table below shows the ticket sales at a small theater on a
Thursday night and a Friday night.

Number of Number of Total sales


Day
adult tickets children’s tickets (dollars)

Thursday 45 10 425
Friday 225 50 2125

a. Let x represent the cost (in dollars) of one adult ticket and let y represent the
cost (in dollars) of one children’s ticket. Write a linear system that models
the situation.
b. Solve the linear system.
c. Can you determine how much each kind of ticket costs? Why or why not?

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 37
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
7.5 For use with pages 471– 477

Match the linear system with its graph. Then use the graph to tell whether
the linear system has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many
solutions.
1. y 1 3 5 4x 2. 2x 1 y 5 1 3. 3x 1 y 5 1
3y 5 12x 2 9 2x 1 y 5 5 22x 1 y 5 23
A. y B. y C. y

1
3
21 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
1
23
21 x
21
LESSON 7.5

Graph the linear system. Then use the graph to tell whether the linear
system has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
4. 26x 1 2y 5 22 5. 2y 2 x 5 24 6. 4x 2 y 5 2
23x 1 y 5 2 2x 1 y 5 3 2x 1 3y 5 9
y y y
3
3
1
1
21 1 5 x
21
23 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21
23

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


7. x 1 2y 5 3 8. 3x 1 y 5 4 9. 2x 2 y 5 4
1
2x 1 2y 5 22 x 1 }3 y 5 2 22x 1 y 5 24

y y y
1
3
23 21 1 3 x
21
1
3 23
21 3 5 x

1
23
21 1 3 5 x

Algebra 1
38 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
7.5 For use with pages 471–477

Solve the linear system by using substitution or elimination.


10. 3x 2 2y 5 24 11. 3x 1 2y 5 4 12. x 1 y 5 50
x 1 2y 5 8 26x 2 4y 5 28 23x 1 2y 5 0
13. 2x 1 4y 5 23 14. 2x 1 3y 5 9 15. 2x 1 y 5 6
23x 1 2y 5 1 2x 1 y 5 10 2x 1 y 5 27

Without solving the linear system, tell whether the linear system has one
solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
8
16. 26x 1 6y 5 24 17. y 1 2x 5 } 18. 4x 1 3y 5 9
3
2x 2 2y 5 5 3
2x 1 y 5 210 }x 1 y 5 3
4

LESSON 7.5
2
19. 4x 2 6y 5 21 20. 2} x 1 y 5 2 21. 9x 2 15y 5 15
3
3 1 3
2}2 x 1 y 5 }4 26x 1 3y 5 6 x 1 }5 y 5 1

22. 23x 1 4y 5 2 23. 3x 1 y 5 4 24. 24x 1 3y 5 2


3 1 4 2 6y 5 28x
2y 5 }2 x 1 1 x 1 }3 y 5 2

25. Golf Clubs A sporting goods store stocks a “better” set of golf clubs in both left-
handed and right-handed sets. The set of left-handed golf clubs sells for x dollars
and the set of right-handed golf clubs sells for y dollars. In one month, the store
sells 2 sets of left-handed golf clubs and 12 sets of right-handed golf clubs for a
total of $1859.30. The next month, the store sells 2 sets of left-handed golf clubs
and 22 sets of right-handed golf clubs for a total of $3158.80. Is there enough
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

information to determine the cost of each kind of set? Explain.

26. Comedy Tickets The table below shows the ticket sales at an all-ages comedy
club on a Friday night and a Saturday night.

Number of Number of Total sales


Day
adult tickets student tickets (dollars)

Friday 30 20 910
Saturday 45 30 1365

a. Let x represent the cost (in dollars) of one adult ticket and let y represent the cost
(in dollars) of one student ticket. Write a linear system that models the situation.
b. Solve the linear system.
c. Can you determine how much each kind of ticket costs? Why or why not?

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 39
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
7.5 For use with pages 471– 477

Match the linear system with its graph. Then use the graph to tell whether
the linear system has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many
solutions.
3
1. 6x 1 4y 5 25 2. 3x 1 4y 5 12 3. y 5 } x 1 5
5
5 24x 1 3y 5 29
3x 1 2y 5 2}2 23x 1 5y 5 210
A. y B. y C. y

1
3 1
23 21 1 x
21 1 3 x
1 21
23
21 1 x
21
LESSON 7.5

Graph the linear system. Then use the graph to tell whether the linear
system has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
4. 4y 5 3x 1 20 5. 3x 1 2y 5 8 6. 3y 2 4x 5 6
4y 1 12 5 5x 22x 1 3y 5 6 4
y 5 }3 x 1 2
y y y

6 5 3

2 3 1

22 2 6 10 x 23 21 1 3 x
22 21

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1

23 21 1 3 x
26 21 23

7. 3x 1 4y 5 224 8. 2x 1 3y 5 21 9. 25x 1 2y 5 3
1 1 22x 1 3y 5 1 4y 2 10x 5 8
}y 1 }x 5 1
3 4
y y y

2 3 3

26 22 2 6 x
22 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
26 21 21

210 23 23

Algebra 1
40 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
7.5 For use with pages 471–477

Solve the linear system by using substitution or elimination.


10. 2x 1 2y 5 24 11. 4x 1 3y 5 2 12. x 1 8y 5 16
23x 1 4y 5 4 3 23x 1 8y 5 28
2x 1 }2 y 5 1

1
13. 22x 1 5y 5 210 14. 22x 1 3y 5 2} 15. 2y 2 10x 5 28
2
5y 2 2x 5 5 3x 1 2y 5 4 2y 2 x 5 4

Without solving the linear system, tell whether the linear system has one
solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
16. 4y 5 12x 2 1 17. x 1 4y 5 3 18. 22x 1 3y 5 4
–12x 1 3y 5 21 1 3x 2 2y 5 5
} x 1 2y 5 4
2

LESSON 7.5
1
19. 5y 2 4x 5 3 20. y 2 } x 5 22 21. 3y 1 5x 5 1
4
10y 5 8x 1 6 x 2 2y 5 8 25x 2 3y 5 1

22. 2y 2 x 5 3 23. 23x 1 4y 5 24 24. 4y 5 25x 1 3


2x 1 y 5 6 4x 1 3y 5 2 5 3
2y 1 }2 x 5 }2

25. Restaurant Sales The table below shows the number of each of the specials that
has been sold on a Friday night and a Saturday night.

Number of Number of Total sales


Day
vegetarian specials chicken specials (dollars)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Friday 28 44 964.40
Saturday 21 33 723.30

a. Let x represent the cost (in dollars) of the vegetarian special and let y represent
the cost (in dollars) of the chicken special. Write a linear system that models the
situation.
b. Solve the linear system.
c. Can you determine how much each kind of special costs? Why or why not?

26. Retail Prices Two employees at a store are given the task of putting price tags on items.
One person starts pricing items at a rate of 10 items per minute. The second person starts
10 minutes after the first person and prices items at a rate of 8 items per minute.
a. Let y be the number of items priced x minutes after the first person starts pricing.
Write a linear system that models the situation.
b. Solve the linear system.
c. Does the solution of the linear system make sense in the context of the problem?
Explain.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 41
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
7.5 For use with pages 471– 477

GOAL Identify the number of solutions of a linear system.

Vocabulary
A linear system with no solution is called an inconsistent system.
A linear system with infinitely many solutions is called a dependent
system.

EXAMPLE 1 A linear system with no solution


Show that the linear system has no solution.
25x 1 4y 5 16 Equation 1
LESSON 7.5

5x 2 4y 5 8 Equation 2
Solution
Method 1 Graphing y

Graph the linear system. 3

The lines are parallel because they have the same


1
slope but different y-intercepts. Parallel lines do not
intersect, so the system has no solution. 21 3 x
21
Method 2 Elimination
Add the equations. 25x 1 4y 5 16
5x 2 4y 5 8
0 5 24 This is a false statement.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


The variables are eliminated and you are left with a false statement regardless of the
values of x and y. This tells you that the system has no solution.

EXAMPLE 2 A linear system with infinitely many solutions


Show that the linear system has infinitely many solutions.
2
y 5 }3 x 1 5 Equation 1
y
22x 1 3y 5 15 Equation 2 7

Solution
Method 1 Graphing
3
Graph the linear system.
1
The equations represent the same line, so any point
on the line is a solution. So, the linear system has 23 21 1 3 x
21
infinitely many solutions.

Algebra 1
42 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
7.5 For use with pages 471–477

Method 2 Substitution
2
Substitute }3 x 1 5 for y in Equation 2 and solve for x.

22x 1 3y 5 15 Write Equation 2.

22x 1 31 }3 x 1 5 2 5 15
2 2
Substitute }3 x 1 5 for y.

22x 1 2x 1 15 5 15 Distributive property


15 5 15 Simplify.
The variables are eliminated and you are left with a statement that is true regardless
of the values of x and y. This tells you the system has infinitely many solutions.

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2

LESSON 7.5
Tell whether the linear system has no solution or infinitely
many solutions.
1. 215x 1 3y 5 6 2. 24x 1 y 5 5
y 5 5x 1 2 y 5 4x 1 3
EXAMPLE 3 Identify the number of solutions
Without solving the linear system, tell whether the linear system has
one solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
a. 7x 2 2y 5 9 Equation 1 b. 3x 1 y 5 210 Equation 1
7x 2 2y 5 21 Equation 2 26x 2 2y 5 20 Equation 2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solution
7 9
a. y 5 } x 2 }
2 2
Write Equation 1 in slope-intercept form.
7 1
y 5 }2 x 1 }2 Write Equation 2 in slope-intercept form.

Because the lines have the same slope but different y-intercepts, the system has no
solution.
b. y 5 23x 2 10 Write Equation 1 in slope-intercept form.
y 5 23x 2 10 Write Equation 2 in slope-intercept form.

The lines have the same slope and y-intercept, so the system has infinitely many
solutions.
Exercises for Example 3
Without solving the linear system, tell whether the linear system has
one solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions.
3. x 2 3y 5 7 4. 2x 1 3y 5 17 5. 24x 1 y 5 5
4x 5 12y 1 28 3x 1 2y 5 14 28x 2 14y 5 228
Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 43
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
7.5 For use with pages 471–477

In Exercises 1–3, use the linear system.


1
ax 1 }4 y 5 7
1 1
}x 1 }y 5 3
3 6

1. For what values of a does the system have no solution?

2. For what values of a does the system have infinitely many solutions?

3. For what values of a does the system have exactly one solution?

In Exercises 4 and 5, suppose a, b, and c are non-zero constants.


Use the linear system.
ax 1 by 5 3
LESSON 7.5

cax 1 cby 5 12
4. Does the number of solutions depend on the values of a, b, and c?

5. Describe the number of solutions in each possible case.

In Exercises 6 – 9, suppose a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 are non-zero constants.
Use the linear system.

a1x 1 b1 y 5 c1
a2x 1 b2 y 5 c2
6. Solve for x and y in terms of a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2.
7. State the relationship between the values of a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 that will

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


guarantee there is exactly one solution.
8. State the relationship between the values of a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 that will
guarantee there is no solution.
9. State the relationship between the values of a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 that will
guarantee there are infinitely many solutions.

Algebra 1
44 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
7.6 For use with pages 485–486

TI-83 Plus Casio CFX-9850GC Plus


Example 1
Example 1
Y= X,T,,n  2 From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
ENTER ENTER 3 X,T,,n  F3 F6 F1 X,,T  2 EXE F3 F6 F4

1 ENTER 3 X,T,,n  1 EXE F6

ENTER ENTER GRAPH Press F1 [Trace] to place the cursor on the


screen. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor
Press one of the arrow keys to place the cursor
to points in the graph of the system.
on the screen. Use the arrow keys to move the
cursor to points in the graph of the system.
Example 2
From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
Example 2
F3 F6 F1 () 4 ab c 3 X,,T  1 EXE
Y= () 4  3 X,T,,n  1
F3 F6 F4 X,,T  5 EXE F6
ENTER


To identify a solution, press F1 [Trace] and use
ENTER X,T,,n 5
the cursor to locate a point in the graph of the
ENTER ENTER ENTER system, or simply identify a solution visually.
GRAPH

To identify a solution, use the cursor to locate


a point in the graph of the system, or simply
identify a solution visually.

LESSON 7.6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 45
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the system of inequalities.


1. (2, 1) 2. (23, 2) 3. (0, 21)

y y y
3

3 1
1
25 23 21 1 x
21
x 23 21 1 3 x
1 3 5
21

4. (22, 0) 5. (2, 4) 6. (22, 3)

y y y
3 3
3
1
1
25 23 1 x 21 1 3 x
21
21 1 3 x

23 23

Match the system of inequalities with its graph.


7. x 1 y ≥ 4 8. x 1 y ≤ 4 9. x 2 y ≥ 4
LESSON 7.6

x<2 x < 22 y>2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


10. y 1 x ≤ 4 11. x 2 y ≤ 4 12. y 1 x ≥ 4
y<2 x > 22 y < 22
A. y B. y C. y
6 10 6

22 2 6 10 x 26 22 2 6 x
22 2 22

26 2 6 x
26

D. y E. y F. y
6
6 2
2
26 2 6 x
2 22
22 2 6 10 x
26 22 6 x
22
26

Algebra 1
46 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Graph the system of inequalities.


13. x > 21 14. y > 23 15. x ≥ 2
x<4 y≤0 y>0
y y y
3 3
3
1 1
1
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 23
23

16. x < 1 17. x > 0 18. y ≤ 3


y ≤ 22 y≤x y > 2x
y y y
3
3 3
1
1 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
23
23 23

19. Ordering Cups You work at an Italian ice shop during


y

LESSON 7.6
the summer. You need to order 5-ounce and 8-ounce cups. 9
The storage room will only hold 10 more boxes of cups.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

8
Boxes of 8-ounce cups

A box of 5-ounce cups costs $15 and a box of 8-ounce cups 7


costs $18. A maximum of $90 is budgeted for cups. 6
5
a. Let x represent the number of boxes of 5-ounce cups 4
and let y represent the number of boxes of 8-ounce cups. 3
Write a system of linear inequalities for the number of 2
cups that can be bought. 1
b. Graph the system of inequalities. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
c. Identify two possible combinations of cups you can buy. Boxes of 5-ounce cups

20. Studying You need at least 4 hours to do your science and y


Hours spent on history

history homework. It is 1:00 P.M. on Sunday and your friend 6


wants you to go to the movies at 7:00 P.M. 5
4
a. How much time do you have between now and 7:00 P.M. 3
to do your homework? 2
b. Let x represent the number of hours spent on science 1
homework and let y represent the number of hours spent 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
on history homework. Write and graph a system of linear Hours spent on science
inequalities that shows the number of hours you can work
on each subject if you go to the movies.
Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 47
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the system of inequalities.


1. (3, 0) 2. (2, 2) 3. (22, 2)
y y y
5

1 3
1
21 3 x
1
23 21 3 x
21
21 1 3 5 x
23 21

Match the system of inequalities with its graph.


1 1 1
4. } x 1 y ≥ 3 5. y 2 } x ≤ 3 6. y ≤ } x 1 3
2 2 2
x > 21 x < 21 x > 21
A. y B. y C. y

1 1 1

23 1 3 x 23 1 3 x 23 1 3 x

Graph the system of inequalities.


LESSON 7.6

7. x > 21 8. y ≥ 2 9. x 1 y > 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


x<1 y<3 x≤y
y y y
3 3

1 1

23 3 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21

23 23 23

10. x ≥ y 1 2 11. y ≥ 2 12. x ≤ 2y


2x 1 y < 4 x 1 y ≤ 23 2x 2 y < 4
y y y
1
3 3
23 21 1 3 x
21
1 1
23
21 1 3 x 25 23 21 x
21 21

Algebra 1
48 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Write a system of inequalities for the shaded region.


13. y 14. y 15. y
1 3

25 23 21 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 1 3 x
21
23
25 23

16. y 17. y 18. y


3 5

3 3

23 1 3 x
1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 23 21

0ACKAGESOFHAMBURGERS
19. Cookout You are planning a cookout. You figure that you will Y

need at least 5 packages of hot dogs and hamburgers. A package

of hot dogs costs $1.90 and a package of hamburgers costs $5.20.

You can spend a maximum of $20 on the hot dogs and hamburgers.

a. Let x represent the number of packages of hot dogs and let y 
represent the number of packages of hamburgers. Write a system 
of linear inequalities for the number of packages of each that 
       X
can be bought.

LESSON 7.6
0ACKAGESOFHOTDOGS
b. Graph the system of inequalities.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

c. Identify two possible combinations of packages of hot dogs and


hamburgers you can buy.
20. Chores You need at least 4 hours to do your chores, which are Y
cleaning out the garage and weeding the flower beds around 
(OURSWEEDING

your house. It is 1:30 P.M. on Sunday and your friend wants you 
to go to the movies at 7:00 P.M. 

a. How much time do you have between now and 7:00 P.M. to 
do your chores? 
b. Let x represent the number of hours spent cleaning out the 
       X
garage and let y represent the number of hours spent on (OURSCLEANING
weeding the flower beds. Write and graph a system of linear
inequalities that shows the number of hours you can work on
each chore if you go to the movies.
c. Identify two possible combinations of time you can spend on each chore.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 49
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the system of inequalities.


1. (0, 1) 2. (0, 21) 3. (1, 4)
y y y

23 1 3 x 1 3 x
1
x
21 1 3 5
21 21 21

Match the system of inequalities with its graph.


4. 3x 1 2y ≥ 4 5. 3x 1 2y ≥ 24 6. 3x 2 2y ≤ 4
y>42x x1y<4 x1y<4
A. y B. y C. y
20 10
6
12 6
2

x 22 2 6 x x
220 212 24 4 26 22
24 22

Graph the system of inequalities.


7. x ≥ 22 9. 3x 1 y < 0
LESSON 7.6

8. x < 0
y≤5 y > 21 4x 2 y ≤ 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


y y y
5 3 3

3 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
1 21 21

23 21 1 x
21 23 23

10. x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 11. x > 4, x < 8 12. y > 22, x ≥ 0


2x 1 y < 3 y ≥ 2x 1 1 y ≥ 3x
y y y
20 3
3
12 1
1
23 21 1 3 x
4 21
21 1 3 x
21
24 4 12 x
24 23

Algebra 1
50 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Write a system of inequalities for the shaded region.


13. y 14. y 15. y
3
3
1
3 1
23 21 1 3 x x
21 1 3
1 21
23
23 1 3 x

16. y 17. y 18. y


3
3

1 2
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x 22 2 6 x
21
23

19. School Play The tickets for a school play cost $8 for adults and y
$5 for students. The auditorium in which the play is being held can 600

Student tickets
hold at most 525 people. The organizers of the school play must 500
make at least $3000 to cover the costs of the set construction, 400
costumes, and programs. 300
200
a. Write a system of linear inequalities for the number of each 100
type of ticket sold. 0
0 200 400 600 x

LESSON 7.6
b. Graph the system of inequalities. Adult tickets
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

c. If the organizers sell out and sell twice as many student tickets
as adult tickets, can they reach their goal? Explain how you got
your answer.
20. Exercise You exercise 15 hours per week by swimming and y
running. You want to spend at least twice the amount of time 14
swimming as running. 12
Swimming

10
a. Write a system consisting of an equation and an inequality 8
that describes the situation. 6
b. Draw a graph to show the possible combinations of hours 4
that you could exercise. 2
0
c. Interpret the graph in the context of the problem. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
Running

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 51
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

GOAL Solve systems of linear inequalities in two variables.

Vocabulary
A system of linear inequalities in two variables, or simply a system
of inequalities, consists of two or more linear inequalities in the same
variables.
A solution of a system of linear inequalities is an ordered pair that is
a solution of each inequality in the system.
The graph of a system of linear inequalities is the graph of all
solutions of the system.

EXAMPLE 1 Graph a system of two linear inequalities


Graph the system of inequalities. y
7
1
y < }2 x 1 2 Inequality 1
5

y ≥ 22x 1 5 Inequality 2
3
Solution
1
Graph both inequalities in the same coordinate plane.
The graph of the system is the intersection of the two 23 21 1 x
21
half-planes, which is shown as the shaded region.
CHECK Choose a point in the shaded region, such as (2, 2). To check this solution,
LESSON 7.6

substitute 2 for x and 2 for y into each inequality.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Inequality 1 Inequality 2
1
y < }2 x 1 2 y ≥ 22x 1 5

2? 2?
1
< }2 (2) 1 2 ≥ 22(2) 1 5
2<3✓ 2≥1✓

EXAMPLE 2 Graph a system of three linear inequalities


Graph the system of inequalities.
y≤5 Inequality 1
x<4 Inequality 2 y
y ≥ 22x 1 2 Inequality 3 6

Solution 2
Graph all three inequalities in the same coordinate plane. 26 22 6 x
The graph of the system is the triangular region shown. 22

26

Algebra 1
52 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Graph the system of linear inequalities.
1. y > 3x 2 2 2. x > 22 3. y > 2

y ≤ }2 x 1 1 y > 23 y<8
3
3 y ≥ 4x 2 1
y ≤ }x 1 2
4

EXAMPLE 3 Write a system of linear inequalities


Write a system of inequalities for the shaded y
region.
5
Solution
3
Inequality 1 One boundary for the shaded region has
a slope of 24 and a y-intercept of 5. So, its equation is
1
y 5 24x 1 5. Because the shaded region is below the
solid line, the inequality is y ≤ 24x 1 5. 21
21
1 5 x

3
Inequality 2 Another boundary line for the shaded region has a slope of }5 and a
3
y-intercept of 22. So, its equation is y 5 }5 x 2 2. Because the shaded region is
3
above the dashed line, the inequality is y > }5 x 2 2.

LESSON 7.6
The system of inequalities for the shaded region is: y ≤ 24x 1 5 Inequality 1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

3
y > }5 x 2 2 Inequality 2

Exercises for Example 3


Write a system of inequalities that defines the shaded region.
4. y 5. y
6
3

1
2 6 10 x
23 21 1 3 x

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 53
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
7.5–7.6
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 471–484

1. Multi-Step Problem Stacy can read 5. Short Response During a sale at a


32 pages per hour. Anthony starts clothing store, all shirts are priced the same
15 minutes after Stacy and can read and all shorts are priced the same. Lucy
28 pages per hour. buys 6 shirts and 3 shorts for $78. The next
day, while the sale is still in progress, Lucy
a. Let y be the number of pages read
goes back and buys 2 shirts and 1 pair of
x hours after Stacy began reading.
shorts for $26. Is there enough information
Write a linear system that models
to determine the cost of 1 shirt? Explain.
the situation.
b. Solve the linear system. 6. Extended Response During the summer,
c. Does the solution of the linear system you want to earn at least $120 per week. You
make sense in the context of the earn $9 per hour babysitting and you earn
problem? Explain. $6 per hour working at a grocery store. You
can work at most 25 hours per week.
2. Multi-Step Problem A restaurant offers
two different meals each evening and has at a. Write and graph a system of linear
least 260 customers. For Friday night, the inequalities that models the situation.
restaurant offers salmon and lemon chicken. b. You work 7 hours per week
The restaurant expects that more people babysitting and 8 hours per week at
will order the chicken than the salmon. The the grocery store. Will you earn at
salmon costs $6 per serving and the chicken least $120 per week? Explain.
costs $4 per serving. The restaurant has a c. You are scheduled to work 12 hours
budget of at most $1600 for meat for babysitting. What is the range of hours
Friday night. you can work at the grocery store to
a. Let x be the number of customers earn at least $120 per week?
LESSON 7.6

who ordered salmon and let y be the 7. Short Response Is it possible to find a
number of customers who ordered

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


value for c so that the linear system below
lemon chicken. Write a system of has no solution? Explain.
linear inequalities that models the
situation. 3x 2 7y 5 14 Equation 1
b. Graph the system of inequalities. 3
y 5 }7 x 1 c Equation 2
c. Use the graph to determine whether
120 orders of salmon and 160 orders 8. Extended Response Martin decides to
of chicken can be ordered. make a walkway in his backyard. He spends
$94 on 6 large bricks and 8 small bricks.
3. Open-Ended Write a linear system so that
Then he decides to make another walkway
it has no solution and one of the equations is using the same kinds of bricks. He spends
5x 2 4y 5 26. $188 for 12 large bricks and 16 small bricks.
4. Gridded Response What is the area (in a. Write a system of linear equations that
square units) of the garden defined by the models the situation.
system of inequalities below? b. Is there enough information given
y≥0 to determine the cost of one brick of
each type? Explain.
x≥0
c. A large brick costs $4 more than a
y≤4
small brick. What is the cost of one
x1y≤8 brick of each type?
Algebra 1
54 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
7.6 For use with pages 478–484

Graph the system of inequalities.


1. y ≥ ⏐x⏐

y ≤ 6 2 ⏐x⏐
2. ⏐x⏐ ≤ 2
⏐y⏐ ≤ 2

In Exercises 3–6, use the following information.


Your school club decides to hold a fundraiser by selling trail mix, and you are in charge of
making the mix. You plan to offer two mixes, Country Blend and Premium Mix, each
1
sold in one pound bags. Each pound of Country Blend consists of }2 pound of toasted
1 1
oats, }4 pound of peanuts, and }4 pound of raisins. Each pound of Premium Mix consists
1 1 1
of }4 pound of toasted oats, }4 pound of peanuts, and }2 pound of raisins. You have available
to use at most 40 pounds of oats, 22 pounds of peanuts, and 35 pounds of raisins.
3. Model the situation above by letting x represent the number of pounds of Country
Blend and y represent the number of pounds of Premium Mix. Your algebraic model
should be a system of five inequalities. (Remember that you cannot make a negative
number of pounds of trail mix.)
4. Graph the system of inequalities from Exercise 3.

5. You sell the trail mix for $5 per pound for Country Blend and $7 per pound for
Premium Mix. How many bags of each type of mix should you make in order to
maximize your income? (Hint: the maximum income must occur at one of the

LESSON 7.6
vertices of the graph.)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

6. Using the answer from Exercise 5, what will be your club’s income if all the bags of
mix are sold?

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book 55
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Chapter Review Game
7 For use after Chapter 7

Magic Square
Solve each linear system in the table using any method. Place the
indicated coordinate on the line given in the box. When the puzzle is
completed correctly, the sum of each row, column, and diagonal should
be the same. Place the sum of each row, column, and diagonal on the
given lines next to the square.
Diagonal: _______

1
2x 2 y 5 0 3x 1 y 5 4 y 5 2}2 x 1 8
2x 1 y 5 4 22x 1 y 5 21 y 5 2x 2 7 Row 1: _______
y-coordinate x-coordinate x-coordinate
______ ______ ______

3
} x 1 2y 5 12
2 4x 1 3y 5 8 y5x14
1
}x 1 y 5 4 x 2 2y 5 13 y 5 5x 2 8 Row 2: _______
4
x-coordinate y-coordinate
y-coordinate
______ ______
______

7x 2 y 5 225 y 5 22x 1 21 3x 1 2y 5 8
1
2x 1 5y 5 14 y 5 }x 1 7 3x 2 4y 5 2 Row 3: _______
3
y-coordinate y-coordinate x-coordinate

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


______ ______ ______

Column 1: _______ Column 2: _______ Column 3: _______ Diagonal: _______


CHAPTER REVIEW GAME

Algebra 1
56 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter
8 For use with Chapter 8

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Chapter Overview One way you can help your student succeed in Chapter 8 is
by discussing the lesson goals in the chart below. When a lesson is completed, ask your
student the following questions. “What were the goals of the lesson? What new words and
formulas did you learn? How can you apply the ideas of the lesson to your life?”

Lesson Title Lesson Goals Key Applications

8.1: Apply Exponent Properties Use properties of exponents • Bees


Involving Products involving products. • Ice Cream Composition
• Coastal Landslide
8.2: Apply Exponent Properties Use properties of exponents • Fractal Tree
Involving Quotients involving quotients. • Astronomy
• Space Travel
8.3: Define and Use Zero and Use zero and negative • Mass
Negative Exponents exponents. • Botany
Focus on Operations Use fractional exponents. • Medicine
8.4: Use Scientific Notation Read and write numbers in • Blood Vessels
scientific notation. • Insect Lengths
• Agriculture
8.5: Write and Graph Exponential Write and graph exponential • Collector Car
Growth Functions growth models. • Compound Interest
• Investments
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

8.6: Write and Graph Exponential Write and graph exponential • Forestry
Decay Functions decay functions. • Cell Phones
Focus on Functions Identify, graph, and write • Guitars
geometric sequences.

Key Ideas for Chapter 8

In Chapter 8, you will apply the key ideas listed in the Chapter Opener (see page 503)
and reviewed in the Chapter Summary (see page 559).
1. Applying properties of exponents to simplify expressions
2. Working with numbers in scientific notation
3. Writing and graphing exponential functions

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 57
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter continued
8 For use with Chapter 8
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Key Ideas Your student can demonstrate understanding of key concepts by working
through the following exercises with you.

Lesson Exercise

8.1 A farming corporation plants 103 seeds per acre of land. The corporation plants 105
acres. Use order of magnitude to find the number of seeds that were planted.

8.2 A city has 1000 gas pumps. During the past year, 94,750,000 gallons of gas were
sold in the city. Use order of magnitude to find the approximate number of gallons
sold per gas pump.
8.3 Simplify the expression. Write your answer using only positive exponents.
(a) (23x)5 • (23)27 (b) (22x4y24z)23
1 (5x)23 p y4
(c) }22
(d) }
6 26
(4x) 2x y

Focus on Evaluate the expression 1002 • 10023/2.


Operations

8.4 Evaluate the expression (4.3 3 106)(2.1 3 1022).


(a) Write the answer in scientific notation.
(b) Write the answer in standard form.
8.5 You inherited a stamp collection valued at $400 when you were 10 years old. The
value of the collection increases at a rate of 4.3% per year. How much will it be
worth when you turn 18? Round your answer to the nearest dollar.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


8.6 Find the value of a $20,000 boat after 5 years if the boat depreciates
8% per year. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.

Focus on Tell whether the sequence is arithmetic or geometric. Then write the next term of
Functions the sequence. 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, ...

Home Involvement Activity

Directions Investigate five different banks or credit unions to learn their interest
rates and how money is compounded (monthly, yearly) in their savings accounts. Then
find the balance for each account after one, five, and ten years with principal amounts
of $500, $2000, and $10,000. Analyze your findings to determine the best account for
short-term and long-term investments.
Focus on Functions: arithmetic; 49
Focus on Operations: 10 8.4: (a) 9.03 3 104 (b) 90,300 8.5: $560 8.6: $13,182
2125x 28x z 9
8.1: 108 seeds 8.2: about 105 gallons 8.3: (a) } (b) }12 3
(c) 16x2 (d) }9
y 10 y12 x5
Answers

Algebra 1
58 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia
8 Usar con el Capítulo 8

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Vistazo al capítulo Una manera en que puede ayudar a su hijo a tener éxito en
el Capítulo 8 es hablar sobre los objetivos de la lección en la tabla a continuación. Cuando
se termina una lección, pregúntele a su hijo lo siguiente: “¿Cuáles fueron los objetivos de
la lección? ¿Qué palabras y fórmulas nuevas aprendiste? ¿Cómo puedes aplicar a tu vida
las ideas de la lección?”

Título de la lección Objetivos de la lección Aplicaciones clave

8.1: Aplicar propiedades de Usar propiedades de • Abejas


exponentes con productos exponentes con productos • Redacción del helado
• Derrumbamiento de
tierras costales
8.2: Aplicar propiedades de Usar propiedades de • Árbol de factores
exponentes con cocientes exponentes con cocientes • Astronomía
• Viaje espacial
8.3: Definir y usar cero y Usar cero y exponentes • Masa
exponentes negativos negativos • Botánica
Enfoque en las operaciones Usar exponentes fraccionales • Medicina
8.4: Usar la notación científica Leer y escribir números • Vasos sanguíneos
usando la notación científica • Longitudes de insectos
• Agricultura
8.5: Escribir y graficar funciones Escribir y graficar modelos • Carro coleccionable
de crecimiento exponencial de crecimiento exponencial • Interés compuesto
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

• Inversiones
8.6: Escribir y graficar funciones Escribir y graficar modelos • Silvicultura
de decrecimiento exponencial de decrecimiento exponencial • Teléfonos celulares
Enfoque en las funciones Identificar, graficar y escribir • Guitarras
secuencias geométricas

Ideas clave para el Capítulo 8

En el Capítulo 8, aplicarás las ideas clave enumeradas en la Presentación del capítulo


(ver la página 503) y revisadas en el Resumen del capítulo (ver la página 559).
1. Aplicar propiedades de exponentes para simplificar expresiones
2. Trabajar con números en notación científica
3. Escribir y graficar funciones exponenciales

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 59
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia continúa
8 Usar con el Capítulo 8
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Ideas clave Su hijo puede demostrar la comprensión de las ideas clave al hacer los
siguientes ejercicios con usted.

Lección Ejercicio

8.1 Una compañía agrícola siembra 103 semillas por acre de tierra. La compañía
siembra 105 acres. Usa el orden de magnitud para hallar el número de semillas
que se sembraron.
8.2 Una ciudad tiene 1000 bombas de gasolina. Durante el año pasado, 94,750,000
galones de gasolina se vendieron en la ciudad. Usa el orden de magnitud para
hallar el número aproximado de galones vendidos por bomba de gasolina.
8.3 Simplifica la expresión. Escribe tu respuesta usando solo exponentes positivos.
(a) (23x)5 • (23)27 (b) (22x4y24z)23
1 (5x)23 p y4
(c) }22
(d) }
6 26
(4x) 2x y

Enfoque en las Evalúa la expresión 1002 • 10023/2.


operaciones

8.4 Evalúa la expresión (4.3 3 106)(2.1 3 1022).


(a) Escribe la respuesta usando la notación científica.
(b) Escribe la respuesta en forma usual.
8.5 Heredaste una colección de sellos con un valor de $400 cuando tenías 10 años.
El valor de la colección aumenta a una tasa de 4.3% por año. ¿Qué será su valor

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


cuando cumples los 18 años? Redondea tu respuesta al dólar más próximo.

8.6 Halla el valor de un barco de $20,000 después de 5 años si se deprecia 8% por


año. Redondea tu respuesta al dólar más próximo.

Enfoque en las Indica si la secuencia es aritmética o geométrica. Luego escribe el término que
funciones sigue en la secuencia. 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, ...

Actividad para la familia


Instrucciones Investiga cinco bancos o cooperativos de crédito diferentes para
saber sus tasas de interés y cómo se compone el dinero (mensualmente, anualmente)
en sus cuentas de ahorros. Luego halla el saldo de cada cuenta después de un, cinco y
diez años con cantidades principales de $500, $2000 y $10,000. Analiza tus hallazgos
para determinar la mejor cuenta para inversiones de corto plazo y de largo plazo.
Enfoque en las funciones: aritmética; 49
Enfoque en las operaciones: 10 8.4: (a) 9.03 3 104 (b) 90,300 8.5: $560 8.6: $13,182
2125x
(c) 16x2 (d) }9
y 10
28x z 9 12 3
8.1: 108 semillas 8.2: aproximadamente 105 galones 8.3: (a) } (b) }
y12 x5
Algebra 1 Respuestas
60 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Activity Support Master
8.1 For use with page 504

Expression as Number Simplified


Expression
repeated multiplication of factors expression

74 p 75 (7 p 7 p 7 p 7) p (7 p 7 p 7 p 7 p 7) 9 79

(24)2 p (24)3 [(24) p (24)] p [(24) p (24) p (24)]

x1 p x5

Expression
Number Simplified
Expression Expanded expression as repeated
of factors expression

LESSON 8.1
multiplication

(53)2 (53) p (53) (5 p 5 p 5) p (5 p 5 p 5) 6 56

F (26)2 G p F (26)2 G p
F (26)2 G4
F (26)2 G p F (26)2 G

(a 3)3
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 61
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
8.1 For use with pages 504–510

Name the property that is demonstrated by the example.


1. (2x)3 5 23 p x3 5 8x3 2. x4 p x5 5 x 415 5 x9 3. ( y3)2 5 y 3p2 5 y 6

Fill in the blanks.


4. (z3)5 5 z 3 5
5. (5x)4 5 5 px
5z 5 x

6. 33 p 31 5 33 1
7. (24y 2)3 5 (24) ( y )
53 5 y

8. (x 2y4)3 5 ( x ) ( y ) 9. x2(x3y)2 5 x (x ) y
LESSON 8.1

5x y 5x x y
5x y

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using exponents.


10. 82 p 85 11. 52 p 54 12. 7 p 78

13. (24)5 14. (63)7 15. (42)9


16. (13 p 18)2 17. (21 p 25)5 18. (7 p 154)6

Simplify the expression.


19. x3 p x 20. y2 p y 6 21. z10 p z3

22. (m4)7 23. (b 9)2 24. ( p5)3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


25. (3n)3 26. (2x)5 27. (xy)6

28. State Populations The table below shows the populations of selected states in 1870.
Write the order of magnitude of each of the populations.

State Wisconsin Nebraska New Jersey Oregon


Population 1,054,670 122,993 906,096 90,923

29. U.S. National Parks Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas covers an area of about
101 square miles. Kenai Fjords National Park in Arkansas covers an area that is
about 102 times the area of Hot Springs National Park. Find the approximate area of
Kenai Fjords National Park. Write your answer using exponents.
30. Mining In 2000, Canada mined approximately 104 metric tons of uranium. The
amount of metric tons of zinc mined in Canada in 2000 was approximately 102 times
this amount. About how many metric tons of zinc were mined in Canada in 2000?

Algebra 1
62 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
8.1 For use with pages 504–510

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using exponents.


1. 54 p 58 2. (24)7 p (24)3

3. (210)5 p (210)2 4. 82 p 84 p 8

5. 25 p 2 p 24 6. (35)2
7. (93)7 8. (152)4
9. [(24)5]9 10. (13 p 19)4

11. (48 p 27)6 12. (135 p 8)5

Simplify the expression.


13. x 5 p x 2 14. y3 p y p y4

LESSON 8.1
15. a10 p a2 p a6 16. (z5)5
17. (b7)2 18. [(b 1 1)2]3
19. (23x)4 20. 2(3x)4

21. (2ab)5 22. (2x 3y)6


23. (3m7)4 p m3 24. 4p2 p (3p5)2

Find the missing exponent.


25. x6 p x? 5 x12 26. (x 4)? 5 x12 27. (3z?)3 5 27z18

28. Newspaper Circulation In 1996, the newspaper circulation in the country of


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algeria was approximately 103 times the newspaper circulation in the country
of Mauritania. The newspaper circulation in Mauritania was 103. What was the
newspaper circulation in Algeria?
29. Metric System The metric system has names for very large weights.

a. One gigaton is 102 times the weight of a hectaton. One hectaton is 102 ton.
Write one gigaton in tons.
b. One teraton is 109 times the weight of a kiloton. One kiloton is 103 ton.
Write one teraton in tons.
c. One exaton is 106 times the weight of a teraton. Use your answer to
part (b) to write one exaton in tons.
30. Wall Mural You are designing a wall mural that will be composed of squares of
different sizes. One of the requirements of your design is that the side length of each
square is itself a perfect square.
a. If you represent the side length of a square as x 2, write an expression for the area
of a mural square.
b. Find the area of a mural square when x 5 5.
c. Find the area of a mural square when x 5 10.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 63
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
8.1 For use with pages 504–510

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using exponents.


1. (29)10 p (29)4 2. 103 p 105 p 10 3. (27) p (27)3 p (27)4

4. (48)7 5. (113)9 6. [(26)6]3


7. (20 p 31)5 8. (125 p 8)8 9. [(216) p 26]6

Simplify the expression.


10. x4 p x p x7 11. [(c 1 5)3]6
12. (24c7)3 13. 2(4c7)3

14. (5x8y5)4 15. (210a7b)5


16. (5p3)3 p 2p4 17. 10m4 p (2m5)6
LESSON 8.1

18. (6x3)2(24x5)3 19. 2(4n4)3(212n5)


3
20. 1 }13 z4 2 (3z2)4 21. (210c)3(22c2)5

Find the missing exponent.


22. (5d 4)? 5 625d16 23. (2a4)? p 3a5 5 96a25 24. 5a6 p (10a5)? 5 5000a21

25. Write three expressions that involve products of powers, powers of powers, or
powers of products and are equivalent to 24x12.
26. Personal Computers In 2001, there were 103 personal computers in use in Samoa.
The number of personal computers in use in Bahrain in 2001 was 10 times the
number used in Samoa. The number of personal computers in use in Australia in

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


2001 was 10 times the number used in Bahrain. How many personal computers were
in use in Australia in 2001? Explain how you got your answer.
27. Bananas In 1999, Venezuela produced approximately 106 metric tons of bananas.
This is 102 times the number of bananas produced in Samoa in 1999. How many
metric tons of bananas were produced in Samoa in 1999? Explain how you got your
answer.
28. Storage Cubes You are designing open storage cubes that will hang on the
walls of your room. These cubes will be artistic as well as functional. One of the
requirements of your design is that the side length of the cube be a perfect square.
a. If you represent the side length of a cube as x2, write an expression for the
volume of a wall cube.
b. Find the volume of a wall cube when x 5 5.
c. Find the volume of a wall cube when x 5 10.

Algebra 1
64 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
8.1 For use with pages 504–510

GOAL Use properties of exponents involving products.

Vocabulary
The order of magnitude of a quantity can be defined as the power of
10 nearest the quantity.

EXAMPLE 1 Use the product of powers property


Simplify the expression.

a. 26 p 28 5 26 1 8
5 214

LESSON 8.1
b. (23)7 p (23) 5 (23)7 p (23)1
5 (23)711
5 (23)8
c. (27)3 p (27) p (27)4 5 (27)3 p (27)1 p (27)4
5 (27)3 1 1 1 4
5 (27)8
d. m p m5 p m6 5 m1 1 5 1 6
5 m12

Exercises for Example 1


Simplify the expression.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1. 83 p 811 2. 6 p 63

3. y3 p y6 p y 2 4. (210)2 p (210) p (210)5

EXAMPLE 2 Use the power of a power property


Simplify the expression.

a. (33)6 5 33 p 6
5 318
b. [(212)7]6 5 (212)7 p 6
5 (212)42
c. (d 5)2 5 d 5 p 2
5 d 10
d. [(x 2 3)3]4 5 (x 2 3)3 p 4
5 (x 2 3)12

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 65
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
8.1 For use with pages 504–510

Exercises for Example 2


Simplify the expression.
5. (133)10 6. [(28)7]3
7. ( f 8)2 8. [(w 1 8)9]2

EXAMPLE 3 Use the power of a product property


Simplify the expression.
a. (16 p 21)4 5 164 p 214

b. (6mn)3 5 (6 p m p n)3
LESSON 8.1

5 63m3n3
5 216m3n3
c. (25p)3 5 (25 p p)3
5 (25)3 p p3
5 2125p3
d. 2(2q)4 5 2(2 p q)4
5 2(24 p q4)
5 216q4

EXAMPLE 4 Use all three properties

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Simplify (23y 5)3 • 2y 2.
Solution
(23y5)3 p 2y2 5 (23)3 p ( y 5)3 p 2y 2 Power of a product property
5 227 p y15 p 2y2 Power of a power property
5 254y17 Product of powers property

Exercises for Examples 3 and 4


Simplify the expression.
9. (5 p 18)6 10. 2(11p)3

11. (23x 2 y 5)2 12. (2m)3 p (m4)5

Algebra 1
66 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
8.1 For use with pages 504–510

In Exercises 1–5, simplify the expression, if possible. Write your answer as


a power.
1. a x/3a 3

2. (a2b)5y p (ab2)2y
3. (x1/2 p y1/4)2
4. [(xy)(x 3y 5)]2
5. (x 1 2)2a 1 1 p (x 1 2)3a 2 5

In Exercises 6–9, use the following information.


You are constructing a storage bin to hold bird seed. You decide the length, width, and

LESSON 8.1
height of the bin will each have a length of a feet.
6. Write an expression that gives the volume of the storage bin in terms of a.

7. Suppose the length and width of the storage bin are doubled. By what factor would
the height of the bin have to change so that the volume of the bin remains the same?
8. Suppose the length of the original storage bin is tripled and the width of the storage
bin is halved. By what factor would the height of the bin have to change so that the
volume of the bin is doubled?
9. Suppose the length, width, and height of the bin each have 1 foot added to them.
Write an expression for the volume of the storage bin.

10. An exam has 10 true-false questions and 10 multiple choice questions. Each
multiple choice question has 6 possible answers. Assuming a student guesses at each
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

question on the exam, write an exponential expression for the number of different
ways it is possible to answer the 20 questions.
11. Using the fact that 6 5 2 p 3, write the expression from Exercise 10 as powers of
2 and 3.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 67
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
8.2 For use with pages 511–517

Name the property demonstrated by the example.


x5 a 4 a4 2m8
1. }3 5 x523 5 x2 2. 1 }b 2 5 }4 3. } 5 2m826 5 m2
x b m6

Fill in the blanks.


38 4 86
4. }5 5 38
3
5
5. 1 }34 2 5}
3
6. }
8 p 82
4
8
5}
4 8
53 58

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using exponents.


47 910 36
7. }3 8. } 9. }1
4 97 3
(25)4 (27)5 5
10. }3
(25)
11. }1
(27)
12. 1 }14 2
7 9
13. 1 }53 2 14. 1 }27 2 1
15. 45 p }2
4

Simplify the expression.


1 1
16. }5 p y11 17. z3 p }2
y z
1 x 3
18. }4 p m8 19. 1 }y 2
m
a 13 9
LESSON 8.2

20. 1 }b 2 21. 1 }1z 2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


22. Internet Users The table shows the numbers of Internet users in selected countries
in 2001.

Country Albania Jamaica Marshall Islands Romania


Internet Users 104 105 103 106

a. How many times greater is the number of users from Romania than the number
of users from the Marshall Islands?
b. How many times greater is the number of users from Albania than the number of
users from the Marshall Islands?
c. How many times greater is the number of users from Jamaica than the number of
users from the Marshall Islands?
d. How many times greater is the number of users from Romania than the number
of users from Albania?

Algebra 1
68 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
8.2 For use with pages 511–517

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using exponents.


614 145 (25)7
1. } 2. }4 3. }2
68 14 (25)
125 p 123 817 5
4. }
124
5. }
8 p 87
3
6. 1 }34 2
1 2}15 2 1
1 }14 2
6 5
7. 8. 38 p }1 9. p 413
3

Simplify the expression.


1 1 a 8
10. }9 p y15 11. z16 p }7 12. 1 }b 2
y z
3 3 4 3x4 5
13. 1 2}6z 2 14. 1}a
2b 25 15. 1 2
}6
y
m 4 3 3x7 4 2m 55
16. 1}
5n 29
17. 1 2
}12
2y
18. 1}
3n 2 9

19. Area The area of New Zealand is 104,454 square miles and the area of Saint
Kitts and Nevis, islands in the Caribbean Sea, is 104 square miles. Use order of
magnitude to estimate how many times greater New Zealand’s area is than Saint
Kitts and Nevis’ area.
20. Cell Phone Subscribers The table below shows the approximate number of cell
phone subscribers in selected countries in 2001.

LESSON 8.2
Country Algeria Dominican Republic Poland Solomon Islands
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Number of subscribers 105 106 107 103

a. How many times greater is the number of cell phone subscribers in Poland than
in the Solomon Islands?
b. How many times greater is the number of cell phone subscribers in the
Dominican Republic than in the Solomon Islands?
21. Glass Vase You are taking a glass-blowing class and have created a vase in the
shape of a sphere. The vase will have a hole in the top so you can put flowers in it
21
and it will sit on a stand. The radius of your vase is }
2
inches. Use the formula
4
V 5 }3 πr 3 to write an expression for the volume of your vase.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 69
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
8.2 For use with pages 511–517

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using exponents.


152 p 159 613 7
1. }
156
2. }
6 p 65
4
3. 1 2}89 2
1 1 3
1 }15 2
7
4. 813 p }6
8
5. p 517 6. 108 p 2}
10 1 2
Simplify the expression.
a 7 6 4 7 6
3x m
7. 1 2}b 2 8. 1}
y 2 9
9. 1}
2n 210

2 3 3 2 5 3
4a 7x 3x 5
10. 1}
5b 23
11. 1}
8y 2 7 12. 1}
10y 2 2
p }4
x
2x2 5 3y 3 10x7 2 3 x4 5
1
13. }5 p }
4x y3 1 2 14. } p }
5 9y8 1 2 15. 1 2}6x 2 1 2
p }7
3y

bx b x 12
16. Find the values of x and y if you know that }y 5 b5 and } 5 b4. Explain how you
b b 2y
found your answer.
17. U.S. Postal Service In 2004, the U.S. Postal Service handled 97,926,396 pieces
of first class mail and 848,633 pieces of priority mail. Use order of magnitude to
estimate how many times greater a volume of first class mail the U.S. Postal Service
handled than the volume of priority mail.
18. Large Numbers Very large numbers are named differently in the American
and British systems. In the American system, one quintillion is the name for the
number 1018. In the British system, one quintillion is the name for the number
LESSON 8.2

1030. How many times larger is one quintillion in the British system than in the
American system?

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


19. Lawn Ornaments You have learned how to make lightweight plant containers using
a mixture of peat, sand, and cement. You are going to take these skills and make
4
lawn ornaments in the shapes of spheres. Use the formula for volume V 5 }3 πr 3
to write an expression for the volume of each sphere shown.
1
2
ft

3
4
ft

3
2
ft

Algebra 1
70 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
8.2 For use with pages 511–517

GOAL Use properties of exponents involving quotients.

EXAMPLE 1 Use the quotient of powers property


Simplify the expression.
713 (21)6
a. } 5 71328 b. }2 5 (21)622
78 (21)
5 75 5 (21)4
23 p 29 212 1 y18
c. } 5} d. }7 p y18 5 }
2 4
24 y y7
5 212 2 4 5 y18 2 7
5 28 5 y11

Exercises for Example 1


Simplify the expression.
1215 (28)20
1. } 2. }
126 (28)16
136 p 138 1
3. } 4. } p w 21
139 w16

EXAMPLE 2 Use the power of a quotient property

LESSON 8.2
Simplify the expression.
m5
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

m 5
a. 1 }n 2n
5 }5
3 3 33
12
27
b. } 5 }3 5 }3
p p p

Exercises for Example 2


Simplify the expression.
7 4
5. 1 }bc 2 6. 1 2}w3 2

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 71
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
8.2 For use with pages 511–517

EXAMPLE 3 Use the properties of exponents


Simplify the expression.
2x3 2 (2x3)2
a. 1 2
}2
5y
5}
(5y2)2
Power of a quotient property

22(x3)2
5} Power of a product property
5 (y
2 2 2 )
4x6
5 }4 Power of a power property
25y
3k3 2 l2 32(k3)2 l3
b. 1 2
}5
4l
p }2 5 }
6k
p}
42(l5)2 6k 2
Power of a quotient property
9k 6 l3
5} p } Power of a power property
16l10 6k2
9k6l3
5} Multiply fractions.
96l10k2
3k 4
5 }7 Quotient of a powers property
32l

Exercises for Example 3


Simplify the expression.
3s5 3 1 3m2n 3
7. 1 2
}
4
t 3m 1
8. }4 p }
n2 2
LESSON 8.2

EXAMPLE 4 Solve a real world problem

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Distances The distance from Earth to the nearest galaxy is about 1022 meters. The
distance from Earth to the North Star is about 1019 meters. How many times farther
from Earth is the nearest galaxy than the North Star?
Solution
Distance to the nearest galaxy 1022
}}} 5 } 5 1022 219 5 103
Distance to the North Star 1019
The nearest galaxy is about 103 times farther than the North Star.

Exercise for Example 4


9. The distance from the sun to Saturn is 1012 meters. The distance from the sun
to Venus is 1011 meters. How much further is Saturn than Venus from the sun?

Algebra 1
72 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
8.2 For use with pages 511–517

ax
1. Solve for the value of a if } 5 a 3 and x 5 a 5y.
a 2y
(b 1 1)2 4(b 2 1)2
2. Solve for the value of b if } 5 } .
b2 b2
c xc y
3. Solve for the values of x and y if } 5 c and c y 2 1 5 c 3.
c xy

4. Solve for the value of c if 2c 1 4 5 3b 2 and b 6 5 c 3.

d 3x
5. Solve for the value of y if } 5 d 3x 2 y.
d 3y

In Exercises 6–8, use the following information.


A common formula used to compute annual salary raises is
Salary 5 Starting Salary p (1 1 r)n
where r is the rate of annual raise and n is the number of years of employment.

Example:
Find the salary of an employee who has worked for 2 years and whose starting salary was
$25,000 at a company that gives annual raises at a rate of r 5 0.1.

Solution:
New Salary 5 $25,000(1 1 0.1)2
5 $25,000(1.21)

LESSON 8.2
5 $30,250
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Suppose a company gives annual raises at a rate of r 5 0.05.


6. What is the salary of an employee whose starting salary was $40,000 per year and
has worked at the company for 10 years?
7. What is the salary of an employee whose starting salary was $50,000 per year and
has worked at the company for 5 years?
8. What is the salary of an employee whose starting salary was $100,000 per year and
has worked at the company for 20 years?

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 73
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
8.3 For use with pages 519–524

Match the equivalent expressions.


22 22
1. 1 }23 2 2. 222 p 322 3. 1 }32 2
1 4 9
A. } B. } C. }
36 9 4

Evaluate the expression.


4. 523 5. 822 6. 225

7. (23)24 8. (29)21 9. 60
0 22
10. (25)0 11. 1 }12 2 12. 1 }16 2
21 23
13. 1 }34 2 14. 1 }25 2 15. 022

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using only positive exponents.
16. x25 17. m29 18. 6y23

19. 8a210 20. (3b)24 21. x3y22

22. x24y 3 23. a21b22 24. 2x23y1

4 21
25. Finger Thickness Your friend tells you that her finger is }
3 1 2
inch thick. Evaluate
the expression that represents the thickness of your friend’s finger.
26. Floor Tile The minimum recommended width of the space between 6-inch by
6-inch tiles is 222 inch and the maximum recommended width is 221 inch. Simplify

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


the expressions for the minimum and maximum widths of the space between the
6-inch by 6-inch floor tiles.
27. Hole Punch Your hole punch makes holes in your paper that have a diameter of
421 inch.
a. Write an expression for the area of one punched hole. Use the formula for the
area of a circle A 5 πr2.
b. Your hole punch makes three holes in a page. Write an expression for the total
area punched out of one sheet of paper.
LESSON 8.3

Algebra 1
74 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
8.3 For use with pages 519–524

Evaluate the expression.


1. 325 2. 1023 3. (22)26
0
4. 50 5. (26)0 6. 1 }43 2
22 3
7. 1 }58 2 8. 1 }74 2 9. 025

1
10. 1022 p 1023 11. 426 p 43 12. }
524

Simplify the expression. Write your answer using only positive exponents.
13. x27 14. 6y24 15. (2b)25

16. (23m)24 17. a2b24 18. 3x22y25

c23
19. (4x24y2)23 20. (8mn3)0 21. }
d25
x2 x26 1
22. } 23. }5 24. }
y24 4y 23 27
3x y

25. Paper A sheet of 67-pound paper has a thickness of 10021 inch.

a. Write and evaluate an expression for the total thickness of 5 sheets of


67-pound paper.
b. Write and evaluate an expression for the total thickness of 23 sheets of
67-pound paper.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

26. Frogs A frog egg currently has a radius of 521 centimeter. Write an expression
for the volume of the frog egg. Use the formula for the volume of a sphere
4
V 5 }3 πr3.

27. Metric System The metric system has names for very small lengths.

a. One micrometer is 103 times the length of one nanometer. One nanometer is
1029 meter. Write one micrometer in meters.
b. One femtometer is 103 times the length of one attometer. One attometer is
10218 meter. Write one femtometer in meters.
c. One centimeter is 1010 times the length of one picometer. One picometer is
LESSON 8.3

10212 meter. Write one centimeter in meters.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 75
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
8.3 For use with pages 519–524

Evaluate the expression.


1. 324 p 321 2. 924 p 98 3. (521)4
1 526 8210
4. } 5. } 6. }
1025 529 828
3 21 224 7
7. 15 }
5 1 2 1 2
8. 32 }
23
9. 4 2 2 p }0
12 1 2
Simplify the expression. Write your answer using only positive exponents.
1 1
10. (4x23y4)22 11. } 12. }
9x24y28 6x4y210

1 8 (2x)24y8
13. } 14. } 15. }
(4x )22
25 (22d 2)24 2x5y23
x26y4 20x3y24 (4x24y7)2
16. } 17. } 18. }
(23x2)24y21 (2x24y21)2 24x26y2

Tell whether the statement is true or false for all nonzero values of a and
b. If it is false, give a counterexample.
a25 1 b21 a 1
19. } 26
5 }a 20. } 21
5} 21. } 5a1b
a a b a 1 b21
21

22. Guitar The world’s smallest guitar is only 1026 meter tall. An average guitar is
about 100 meter tall. How many times taller is an average guitar than the world’s
smallest guitar?
23. Knitting Needles A size 1 knitting needle has a diameter of about 421 centimeter
and a size 8 knitting needle has a diameter of about 221 centimeter.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a. How many times larger is the diameter of a size 8 needle than the diameter of a
size 1 needle?
b. Suppose that each needle is 14 inches long. Write expressions for the
approximate volume of each size of knitting needle. Use the formula for the
volume of a cylinder V 5 πr2h.
c. How many times larger is the approximate volume of a size 8 needle than the
approximate volume of a size 1 needle?
d. Are your approximations in part (b) overestimates or underestimates? Explain
your reasoning.
LESSON 8.3

Algebra 1
76 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
8.3 For use with pages 519–524

GOAL Use zero and negative exponents.

EXAMPLE 1 Use definition of zero and negative exponents


Evaluate the expression.
1
a. 423 5 }3 Definition of negative exponents
4
1
5}
64
Evaluate exponent.

b. 150 5 1 Definition of zero exponent


23
c. 1 }32 2 5 }3
3
1
Definition of negative exponents
1 2
}
2
1
5} Evaluate exponents.
27
1 2
}
8
8
5}
27
Simplify.

Exercises for Example 1


Evaluate the expression.
0
1. 1 2}12 2 2. (25)24

23
3. }
1
622
4. 1 }52 2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

EXAMPLE 2 Evaluate exponential expressions


Evaluate the expression.

a. 1316 p 13214 5 1316 2 14 Product of powers property


5 132 Subtract exponents.
5 169 Evaluate power.
b. [(22)24]2 5 (22)24 p 2 Power of a power property
5 (22)28
LESSON 8.3

Multiply exponents.
1
5 }8 Definition of negative exponents
(22)
1
5}
256
Evaluate power.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 77
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
8.3 For use with pages 519–524

Exercises for Example 2


Evaluate the expression.
825 1
5. } 6. }
825 922
102
7. (24)7 p (24)29 8. }
1023

EXAMPLE 3 Use properties of exponents


Simplify the expression. Write your answer using only
positive exponents.
a. (3m22n3)3 5 33 p (m22)3 p (n3)3 Power of a product property
5 27 p m26 pn
9
Power of a power property
9
27n
5}6
Definition of negative exponents
m
(25st)2t24 (25st)2t 8
b. } 5 } Definition of negative exponents
210s3t28 210s3t 4
(25s2t 2)t8
5} Power of a product property
210s t
3 4

25s2t10
5} Product of powers property
210s t
3 4

5t 6
5}
22s
Quotient of powers property

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Exercises for Example 3
Simplify the expression. Write your answer using only
positive exponents.
9. (5x2y23z)4
4m22np3
10. }
12m2n25p
(2r2t)23rst 4
11. }
6r 6s23
LESSON 8.3

Algebra 1
78 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
8.1–8.3
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 505–524

1. Multi-Step Problem A department store 4. Open-Ended The table shows units of


sells plastic cubical containers that can be measurement of length and their equivalents
used to store food. in meters.
a. One of the containers has a side length
3 Name of unit Length (meters)
of 3 }4 inches. Find the container’s
volume by writing the side length as an Terameter 1012
improper fraction and substituting the Kilometer 103
length into the formula for the volume
of a cube. Centimeter 1022
b. Identify the property of exponents you Micrometer 1026
used to find the volume in part (a).
2. Multi-Step Problem There are about a. Use the table to write a conversion
3
10 white corpuscles in 1 cubic millimeter problem that can be solved by
of blood. applying a property of exponents
involving products.
a. Copy and complete the table by
b. Use the table to write a conversion
finding the number of white problem that can be solved by
corpuscles for the given amounts of applying a property of exponents
blood (in cubic millimeters). involving quotients.
Blood (cubic Number of white 5. Gridded Response The mass of a grain
millimeters) corpuscles of sand is about 1023 gram. About how
many grains of sand are in a bag of sand that
10 ?
weighs 2.8 grams?
100 ?
6. Extended Response For an experiment,
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1000 ? a scientist dropped about 1024 cubic inch of


olive oil into a container of water to see how
10,000 ? the oil would spread out over the surface of
100,000 ? the water. The scientist found that the oil
spread until it covered an area of about
b. A particular sample of blood is 1022 square inch.
95,000 cubic millimeters. Use order a. About how thick was the layer of oil
of magnitude to write an expression that spread out across the water? Check
you can use to find the approximate your answer using unit analysis.
number of white corpuscles in the
b. The water has a surface area of
sample of blood. Simplify the
LESSON 8.3

102 square inches. If the oil spreads to


expression. Verify your answer using
the same thickness as in part (a), how
the table.
many cubic inches of olive oil would
3. Short Response A carrot seed has a mass be needed to cover the entire surface
of about 1024 gram and is 103 times less of the water?
massive than a sweet corn seed. A student c. Explain how you could find the
says that a sweet corn seed has a mass of amount of oil needed to cover a
about 1 gram. Is the student correct? container of water with a surface area
Explain. of 10 x square inches.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 79
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
8.3 For use with pages 519–524

In Exercises 1–5, a and b are real numbers such that a > 0 and b > 0. Tell
whether the statement is always true, sometimes true, or never true.
If it is sometimes true, give a pair of values for which it is true and a pair
of values for which it is false.
a23 b4
1. } 24
5 }3
b a
2. (a 1 b)22 5 a 22 1 b22

3. (a 2 1 b 2)1/2 5 a 1 b
4. (a 2 1 b 2)2 5 a 4 1 2a2b2 1 b 4
5. a 1 b 5 a2 1 b2
6. Determine which positive values of a make a 23 > a 24 a true statement.

In Exercises 7–10, evaluate the given expression for the given values of a.
[(a 1 1)22]3
7. }; a 5 0
[(a 2 1)23]2
[(a2 1 3) a 2 2]3
8. }}; a 5 2
[(a 2 1)2]4
9. [(a 1 2)a]a 2 1 2 2a 1 1; a 5 0
(a a)22a
10. } ;a52
(a 1 1)2a

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


LESSON 8.3

Algebra 1
80 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Practice
8.3 For use with pages 525–526

Evaluate the expression.


1. 6251/2 2. 16921/2 3. 45/2

4. 923/2 5. 19621/2 6. 493/2

7. 1251/3 8. 34321/3 9. (227)2/3

1
10. 6424/3 11. (264)1/3 12. }
824/3
21621/3 1
13. 253/2 • 251/2 14. } 15. } • 3623/2
2162/3 3622
811/2 (28)1/3
16. (264)2/3 • (264)21/3 17. 813/2 4 } 18. (28)5/3 • }
8121/2 (28)2/3

19. Reasoning Show that the product of the cube root of a and a can be written as a4/3
using an argument similar to the one given for square roots on page 525.
23
20. Challenge Evaluate the expression 644/3 • } ÷ 256.
163/2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

FOCUS ON 8.3

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 81
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery
8.3 For use with pages 525–526

GOAL Use fractional exponents.

In lesson 2.7, you learned to write the square root of a number using
a radical sign. You can also write a square root of a number using
}
exponents. For a nonnegative number a, Ï a 5 a1/2. You can work
1 1
with exponents of }2 and multiples of }2 just as you work with integer
exponents.

EXAMPLE 1 Evaluate expressions involving square roots


} 1
a. 811/2 5 Ï 81 b. 10021/2 5 }
1001/2
1
59 5} }
Ï100
1
5}10

c. 363/2 5 36(1/2)?3 d. 925/2 5 9(1/2) • (25)


5 (361/2)3 5 (91/2)25
} }
5 1 Ï 36 23 5 1 Ï9 225
5 63 5 325
5 216 1
5 }5
3
1
5}
243

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Exercises for Example 1
Evaluate the expression.

1. 14421/2 2. 93/2

3. 6423/2 4. 251/2
FOCUS ON 8.3

Algebra 1
82 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery continued
8.3 For use with pages 525–526

EXAMPLE 2 Evaluate expressions involving cube roots


3} 1
a. 81/3 5 Ï 8 b. 6421/3 5 }
}
641/3
3
5 Ï23 1
5}
3}
52 Ï64
1
5 }4

c. 1254/3 5 125(1/3) • 4 d. 2722/3 5 27(1/3) • (22)

5 (1251/3)4 5 (271/3)22
3} 3 } 22
5 1 Ï 125 24 = 1 Ï27 2
5 54 5 322
5 625 1
5 }2
3
1
5 }9

Exercises for Example 2


Evaluate the expression.

5. 21621/3 6. 274/3 7. 642/3 8. 12524/3


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

EXAMPLE 3 Use properties of exponents


57/3 • 5 5(7/3) 1 1
a. 723/2 • 77/2 5 7(23/2) 1 (7/2) b. } 1/3
5} 1/3
5 5
57/3 • 5 510/3
= 74/2 } 1/3
5 }
5 51/3
7/3
5 •5
= 72 } 1/3
5 5(10/3) 2 (1/3)
55 • 5
7/3
= 49 } 1/3
5 53
55 • 5
7/3
} 1/3
5 125
FOCUS ON 8.3

5
Exercises for Example 3
Evaluate the expression.
84/3 41/2
9. 1621/2 • 162 10. 273 • 2728/3 11. 87/3 • } 12. 423/2 • }
82 423/2

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 83
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
8.4 For use with page 535

TI-83 Plus Casio CFX-9850GC Plus


LESSON 8.4

( 1.1 ⴛ 10 ^ (ⴚ) 8 ) ( 1.4 ⴛ From the main menu, choose RUN.


10 ^ 21 ) ENTER ( 1.1 ⴛ 10 ^ (ⴚ) 8 ) ( 1.4 ⴛ

10 ^ 21 ) EXE

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
84 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
8.4 For use with pages 528–534

Match the equivalent numbers.

LESSON 8.4
1. 0.004 2. 0.04 3. 4000

A. 40 3 1023 B. 4 3 103 C. 4 3 1023

Write the number in scientific notation.


4. 6.4 5. 85.2 6. 0.25

7. 0.104 8. 540 9. 9124.5

10. 0.0095 11. 630,000 12. 0.03

13. 23,960 14. 0.0457 15. 0.000045

Write the number in standard form.


16. 5.2 3 104 17. 9.1 3 108 18. 6.25 3 105

19. 6.05 3 102 20. 8.125 3 106 21. 1.113 3 1010

22. 4.7 3 1023 23. 1.6 3 1028 24. 4.45 3 1026

25. 9.24 3 1024 26. 7.1123 3 1023 27. 2.0123 3 1025

Order the numbers from least to greatest.


28. 21,000; 4.5 3 103; 15,625; 3 3 104

29. 0.0006; 7.8 3 1026; 0.0012; 2.15 3 102

30. 1.765; 1.3 3 1022; 0.0125; 6.15 3 1021


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

31. Body Makeup The table below shows the amounts (in pounds) of some elements
that are in the body of a 150-pound person. Complete the table.

Element Oxygen Chlorine Cobalt Magnesium Sodium Hydrogen


Weight in
decimal 97.5 ? 0.00024 ? 0.165 ?
form

Weight in
scientific ? 3 3 1021 ? 6 3 1022 ? 1.5 3 101
notation

32. Internet Users In 2003, there were about 5.8078 3 108 people using the Internet in
the world and about 1.6575 3 108 of these people were in the United States. What
percent of Internet users in 2003 were in the United States? Round your answer to
the nearest tenth of a percent.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 85
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
8.4 For use with pages 528–534

Write the number in scientific notation.


LESSON 8.4

1. 10.4 2. 6751 3. 0.54

4. 0.000103 5. 415,620 6. 0.08104

7. 3,412,000 8. 525.5 9. 104.25

10. 0.0000456 11. 0.000000207 12. 23,551

Write the number in standard form.


13. 15.8 3 104 14. 3.21 3 108 15. 450.21 3 107

16. 8.1045 3 105 17. 17.22 3 106 18. 1.012 3 102

19. 8.12 3 1024 20. 4.014 3 1027 21. 8.1025 3 1023

22. 3.12056 3 1029 23. 1.211 3 1022 24. 7.00135 3 1025

Order the numbers from least to greatest.


25. 1.3759 3 104; 14,205; 9.287 3 103; 3.0214 3 104

26. 0.16; 2.5 3 1023; 1.04 3 1023; 0.0985

27. 8.79 3 102; 1146; 1.0085 3 103; 1023

28. 1.2 3 1025; 0.001023; 1.045 3 1023; 0.01036

Evaluate the expression. Write your answer in scientific notation.


4.5 3 1025

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


29. (6 3 108)(5 3 1022) 30. } 31. (2 3 1025) 5
9 3 1022

32. Pixels The images on a computer screen are made up of more than 5000 pixels,
or dots, per square inch. How many pixels are on a computer screen that measures
108 square inches? Write your answer in scientific notation.
33. Oregon Oregon has an area of approximately 2.52 3 105 square kilometers. In
2000, the population of Oregon was approximately 3.42 3 106 people. How many
people were there per square kilometer in Oregon in 2000?
34. Uranus’ Moons The table below shows the masses in kilograms of some of Uranus’
moons.

Moon Miranda Titania Ariel Oberon Umbriel


Mass (kg) 6.6 3 1019 3.52 3 1021 13.5 3 1020 30.1 3 1020 11.7 3 1020

a. Write the moons in order of largest mass to smallest mass.


b. How many times larger is the moon of largest mass than the moon of
smallest mass?

Algebra 1
86 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
8.4 For use with pages 528–534

Write the number in scientific notation.

LESSON 8.4
1. 0.0015 2. 30,400 3. 0.0000046

4. 9,120,006 5. 24.5 6. 0.1256

7. 705 8. 100,456 9. 0.000000501

Write the number in standard form.


10. 1.325 3 105 11. 7.05123 3 108 12. 8.15 3 1028

13. 9.044 3 1022 14. 5.1 3 103 15. 3.1112 3 1010

16. 8.1101 3 1025 17. 7.7 3 1027 18. 6.25 3 107

Order the numbers from least to greatest.


19. 758.4; 7.208 3 103; 72,165; 7.914 3 103

20. 1.305 3 1023; 0.000526; 2.018 3 1023; 0.00205

21. 0.000316; 3.28 3 1024; 3.016 3 1024; 0.003028

Evaluate the expression. Write your answer in scientific notation.


6.5 3 1027
22. (5.7 3 103)(2.2 3 1026) 23. } 24. (3 3 1029) 5
1.3 3 1023

25. California California has an area of approximately 4.11 3 105 square kilometers.
In 2000, the population of California was approximately 3.39 3 107 people. How
many people were there per square kilometer in California in 2000?
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

26. Helium Atom A proton and a neutron each weigh 1.67 3 10224 gram. An electron
weighs 9.11 3 10228 gram. One helium atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and
2 electrons. Find the mass of one helium atom.
27. Saturn’s Moons The table below shows the masses in kilograms of some of
Saturn’s moons.

Moon Mimas Calypso Tethys Dione Phoebe


Mass (kg) 3.75 3 1019 4 3 1015 6.27 3 1020 11 3 1020 4 3 1017

a. Write the moons in order of largest mass to smallest mass.


b. How many times larger is the moon of largest mass than the moon of
smallest mass?
c. There are approximately 2.2 pounds in one kilogram. Write each mass
in pounds.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 87
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
8.4 For use with pages 528–534

GOAL Read and write numbers in scientific notation.


LESSON 8.4

Vocabulary
A number is written in scientific notation when it is of the form
c 3 10n where 1 ≤ c < 10 and n is an integer.

EXAMPLE 1 Write numbers in scientific notation


Write the number in scientific notation.
a. 397,000,000 b. 0.000712

Solution
a. 397,000,000 5 3.97 3 108 Move decimal point 8 places to the left.
Exponent is 8.
b. 0.000712 5 7.12 3 1024 Move decimal point 4 places to the right.
Exponent is 24.

EXAMPLE 2 Write numbers in standard form


Write the number in standard form.
a. 3.02 3 104 b. 9.131 3 1023

Solution
a. 3.02 3 104 5 30,200 Exponent is 4.
Move decimal point 4 places to the right.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


b. 9.131 3 1023 5 0.009131 Exponent is 23.
Move decimal point 3 places to the left.

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Write the number in scientific notation.
1. 0.0000079 2. 1,356,000

Write the number in standard form.


3. 1.012 3 103 4. 3.7 3 1025

EXAMPLE 3 Order numbers in scientific notation


Order 5.2 3 107, 910,000, and 13,200,000 from least to greatest.
Solution
STEP 1 Write each number in scientific notation, if necessary.
9,100,000 5 9.1 3 106 13,200,000 5 1.32 3 107
Algebra 1
88 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
8.4 For use with pages 528–534

STEP 2 Order the numbers. First order the numbers with different powers of 10.

LESSON 8.4
Then order the numbers with the same power of 10.
Because 106 < 107, you know that 9.1 3 106 is less than both 1.32 3 107 and
5.2 3 107. Because 1.32 < 5.2, you know that 1.32 3 107 is less than 5.2 3 107.

So, 9.1 3 106 < 1.32 3 107 < 5.2 3 107.


STEP 3 Write the original numbers in order from least to greatest.
9,100,000, 13,200,000, 5.2 3 107

EXAMPLE 4 Compute with numbers in scientific notation


Evaluate the expression. Write your answer in scientific notation.
a. (3.2 3 103)(4.7 3 104)
5 (3.2 p 4.7) 3 (103 p 104) Commutative and associative properties
7
5 15.04 3 10 Product of powers property
5 (1.504 3 101) 3 107 Write 15.04 in scientific notation.
5 1.504 3 (101 3 107) Associative property
5 1.504 3 108 Product of powers property
b. (3.8 3 10 ) 5 3.8 3 (10 )
24 2 2 24 2
Power of a product property
5 14.44 3 1028 Power of a power property
5 (1.444 3 101) 3 1028 Write 14.44 in scientific notation.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

5 1.444 3 1027 Associative property and product of


powers property
2.6 3 106 2.6 106
c. } 22
5}
6.5
3 } Product rule for fractions
6.5 3 10 1022
5 0.4 3 108 Quotient of powers property
5 (4.0 3 1021) 3 108 Write 0.4 in scientific notation.
5 4.0 3 107 Associative property and product of
powers property

Exercises for Examples 3 and 4


5. Order 361,000, 2.1 3 106, and 2.8 3 105 from least to greatest.

Evaluate the expression. Write your answer in scientific notation.


7.2 3 1023
6. } 7. (9.1 3 107)(2.3 3 1025)
1.8 3 106
8. (2.9 3 106)2

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 89
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
8.4 For use with pages 528–534

In Exercises 1–5, evaluate the expression without using a calculator.


LESSON 8.4

Write your answer in scientific notation.


1. (1.2 3 1023) p (1.2 3 105)
(2.5 3 106) p (1 3 108)
2. }}
5 3 103
3. (3 3 106) 1 (5 3 105)
4. 6(4 3 1022) 1 4

2.2(2 3 104) 1 1.2(2 3 105)


5. }}}
(7.1 3 1022) 1 (2.13 3 1021)
6. The population of Earth in the year 2000 was estimated to be 6 3 109 people. The
population of the U.S. in the year 2000 was estimated to be 3 3 108 people. What
proportion of the world’s population in the year 2000 resided in the U.S.?
7. The population of the People’s Republic of China in the year 2000 was estimated to
be 1.3 3 109 people. The population of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in the year
2000 was estimated to be 2.6 3 107 people. What was the proportion of the popula-
tion of the Republic of China to the People’s Republic of China?
8. In the year 2002 there were approximately 9.6 3 105 dogs registered with the
American Kennel Club (AKC) and 2.3 3 104 of those dogs were Rottweilers.
What proportion of the dogs registered to the AKC in the year 2002 were
Rottweilers?

In Exercises 9 and 10, convert the decimal expressions to scientific notation


and then simplify the expression. Write your answer in decimal form.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


(0.0000032) p (2000000)
9. }}
(8 3 103) p (8 3 1024)
(0.0000012) 2 (0.000002)
10. }}
16

Algebra 1
90 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Spreadsheet Activity Keystrokes
8.5 For use with pages 544 and 545

EXCEL
Select cell A1.
Years since 1984, t TAB Value, C (dollars) ENTER

Select cell A2.


0 TAB 11000 ENTER

Select cell A3.


5A2 + 1 TAB 5B2*1.069 ENTER

Select cells A3–A22. From the Edit menu, choose Fill. From the Fill submenu, choose Down. Select
cells B2 and B3. From the Format menu, choose Cells. Select the Number tab. In the Category list,
choose Number. For Decimal places, use the up and down arrows to set the number of decimal places
to 2. Click OK. Select cells B3–B22. From the Edit menu, choose Fill. From the Fill submenu, choose

LESSON 8.5
Down.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 91
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

Write a rule for the function.


1. 2.
x 21 0 1 2 3 x 21 0 1 2 3
1 1
y } 1 3 9 27 y } 1 5 25 125
3 5

Match the function with its graph.


3. y 5 5x 4. y 5 (2.5)x 5. y 5 (1.5)x

A. y B. y C. y
5 5 5

3 3 3
LESSON 8.5

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 21

Graph the function and identify its domain and range.


6. y 5 4 x 7. y 5 10 x 8. y 5 6 x
y y y

5 10 5

3 6 3

1 2 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 22 21

9. y 5 (3.5) x 10. y 5 (1.4) x 11. y 5 (2.2) x


y y y

5 5 5

3 3 3

1 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 21

Algebra 1
92 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

7 x 5 x 7 x
12. y 5 }
3 1 2 13. y 5 }
2 1 2 14. y 5 }
4 1 2
y y y

5 5 5

3 3 3

1 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 21

Graph the function. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 4x.

LESSON 8.5
1
15. y 5 24x 16. y 5 3 p 4x 17. y 5 } p 4x
4
y y y
3
3 3
1
1 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
23
23 23

In the growth model, identify the growth rate, the growth factor, and the
initial amount.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

18. y 5 3(1 1 0.05)t 19. y 5 2(1 1 0.25)t 20. y 5 0.1(1.75)t

21. Investments You deposit $200 in a savings account that earns 3% interest
compounded yearly. Find the balance in the account after the given amounts of time.
a. 1 year
b. 2 years
c. 5 years

22. Grade Point Average From Chad’s freshman year to his senior year, his grade point
average has increased by approximately the same percentage each year. Chad’s grade
point average in year t can be modeled by
5 t
y 5 21 }4 2
where t 5 0 corresponds to Chad’s freshman year. Complete the table showing
Chad’s grade point average throughout his high school career.

Year, t 0 1 2 3
Grade point average ? ? ? ?

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 93
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

Write a rule for the function.


1. 2.
x 22 21 0 1 2 x 21 0 1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1
y } } 1 11 121 y } } } 1 2
121 11 8 4 2

Graph the function and identify its domain and range.


3. y 5 12x 4. y 5 (1.75)x 5. y 5 (3.1)x

y y y

10 3 3
LESSON 8.5

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
2 21 21

23 21 1 3 x
22 23 23

9 x 3 x
6. y 5 }
2 1 2 7. y 5 25x 1 2
8. y 5 2 }
2
y y y
5
1 1
3
23 1 3 x 1 3 x
21
1
23 23

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23 21 1 3 x
21
25 25

4 x
9. y 5 5 p 2x 1 2
10. y 5 2 p }
3
11. y 5 23 p 2x

y y y
1
10 5
21 1 3 x
21
6 3
23
2 1
25
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
22 21

Algebra 1
94 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

Graph the function. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 6x.
1
12. y 5 2 p 6 x 13. y 5 26 x 14. y 5 } p 6 x
2
y y y
1
10 5
23 1 3 x
21
6 3
23
2 1
25
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
22 21

1 3

LESSON 8.5
15. y 5 23 p 6 x 16. y 5 2} p 6 x 17. y 5 2} p 6 x
4 2
y y y
3 2
1
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
23 22
23 21 1 3 x
21
29 26
23
215 210
25

18. Investments You deposit $500 in a savings account that earns 2.5% interest
compounded yearly. Find the balance in the account after the given amounts of time.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a. 1 year
b. 5 years
c. 20 years

19. College Tuition From 1995 to 2005, the tuition at a y


Tuition (dollars)

college increased by about 7% per year. Use the graph 16,000


to write an exponential growth function that models 12,000
the tuition over time. 8,000
(0, 8000)
4,000
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t
Years since 1995

20. Profit A business had $10,000 profit in 2000. Then the profit increased by 8%
each year for the next 10 years.
a. Write a function that models the profit in dollars over time.
b. Use the function to predict the profit in 2009.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 95
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

Write a rule for the function.


1. 2.
x 22 21 0 1 2 x 21 0 1 2 3
1 1 5
y 2}
16
2}4 21 24 216 y } 5 10 20 40
2

Graph the function and identify its domain and range.


3. y 5 15x 4. y 5 (2.25)x 5. y 5 (5.2)x
y y y

15 3 5
LESSON 8.5

9 1 3

23 21 1 3 x
3 21 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
23 23 21

9 x 5 x
6. y 5 }
8 1 2 7. y 5 27x 8. y 5 2 }
2 1 2
y y y
3
23 21 1 3 x
3 21
1
1 23
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
21 25

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23
23 27

3 x
9. y 5 3 p 6 x 10. y 5 4 p }
2 1 2 11. y 5 22 p 4x

y y y
10 2
15
23 21 1 3 x
6 22
9
2 26
3
23 21 1 3 x
22 210
23 21 1 3 x
23

Algebra 1
96 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

Graph the function. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 5x.
1
12. y 5 2 p 5x 13. y 5 25x 14. y 5 } p 5x
2
y y y
10
1 3
6
23 21 1 3 x
21 1
2
23 21 1 3 x
23 21
23 21 1 3 x
22
25 23

1 3

LESSON 8.5
15. y 5 23 p 5x 16. y 5 2} p 5x 17. y 5 2} p 5x
2 4
y y y
3 3 3

23 21 1 3 x
23 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
29 21 21

215 23 23

18. Investments You deposit $375 in a savings account that earns 2.75% interest
compounded yearly. Find the interest earned by the account after the given amounts
of time. Explain how you got your answers.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a. 1 year
b. 5 years
c. 20 years

19. Population A town had a population of 65,000 in 2000. Then the population
increased by 2.5% each year for the next 5 years.
a. Write a function that models the population over time.
b. Use the function to predict the population in 2004.

20. Internet Users The number of students who have applied for Internet privileges at
school has doubled each month.
a. What is the percent of increase each month?
b. Ten students had applied for Internet privileges initially. Write a function that
models the number of students applying for Internet privileges over time.
c. How many students will have applied for Internet privileges in 4 months?

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 97
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

GOAL Write and graph exponential growth models.

Vocabulary
An exponential function is a function of the form y 5 abx where
a Þ 0, b > 0, and b Þ 1.
When a > 0 and b > 1, the function y 5 abx represents exponential
growth.
Compound interest is interest earned on both an initial investment and
on previously earned interest.

EXAMPLE 1 Write a function rule


LESSON 8.5

Write a rule for the function.


Solution 11 11 11 11
STEP 1 Tell whether the function is
exponential. Here, the y-values are x 22 21 0 1 2
multiplied by 5 for each increase 2
of 1 in x, so the table represents an y } 2 10 50 250
5
exponential function of the form
y 5 a p bx where b 5 5. 35 35 35 35
STEP 2 Find the value of a by finding the value of y when x 5 0. When x 5 0,
y 5 ab0 5 a p 1 5 a. The value of y when x 5 0 is 10, so a 5 10.

STEP 3 Write the function rule. A rule for the function is y 5 10 p 5 x.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


EXAMPLE 2 Graph an exponential function
Graph the function y 5 5 • 3x. Identify its domain and range.
Solution
x 22 21 0 1 2
STEP 1 Make a table by choosing a few values
for x and finding the values of y. The 5 5
y }
9
}
3
5 15 45
domain is all real numbers.
y
STEP 2 Plot the points. 45

STEP 3 Draw a smooth curve through the points. 35


From either the table or the graph, you can
see that the range is all positive real numbers. 25

15

23 21 1 3 x

Algebra 1
98 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

EXAMPLE 3 Compare graphs of exponential functions


1
Graph y 5 2} p 4x and y 5 2 • 4x. Compare each graph with the graph of
2
y 5 4x.
Solution
To graph each function, make a table of values, plot the points, and draw a smooth
curve through the points.
y
x 1
x y54 y 5 2} p 4x y52p4 x
3
2
y 5 4x
1 1 1 y5 2(4)x
22 }
16
2}
32
}
8
23 1 3 x
1 1 1 21

LESSON 8.5
21 }
4
2}8 }
2 y5
1
22 (4)x
23
1
0 1 2}2 2

1 4 22 8
2 16 28 32
1 1
Because the y-values for y 5 2}2 p 4x are 2}2 times the corresponding y-values for
1
y 5 4x, the graph of y 5 2}2 p 4x is a vertical shrink and a reflection in the x-axis of
the graph of y 5 4x.
Because the y-values for y 5 2 p 4x are 2 times the corresponding y-values for y 5 4x,
the graph of y 5 2 p 4x is a vertical stretch of the graph of y 5 4x.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


1. Write a rule for the function.

x 22 21 0 1 2
y 1 3 9 27 81

2. Graph y 5 4 p 3 x and identify its domain and range.

3. Graph y 5 25 p 6 x. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 6 x.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 99
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
8.5
Worked Out Example
For use with pages 536–543

PROBLEM Savings You put $125 in a savings account that earns 3% annual interest
compounded yearly. You do not make any deposits or withdrawals. How much will
your investment be worth in 4 years?
STEP 1 Read and Understand
What do you know? The amount deposited, the annual interest, and the years
What do you want to find out? How much is in the account after 4 years?
STEP 2 Make a Plan Use what you know to write and solve an exponential growth
model.
STEP 3 Solve the Problem Write and solve an exponential growth model.
y 5 a(1 1 r)t Write exponential growth model.
LESSON 8.5

5 125(1 1 0.03)4 Substitute 125 for a, 0.03 for r, and 4 for t.


5 125(1.03)4 Simplify.
ø 140.69 Use a calculator.
You will have $140.69 in 4 years.
STEP 4 Look Back Use the simple interest formula to estimate the amount of
interest earned.
I 5 Prt Write simple interest formula.
5 (125)(0.03)(4) 5 15 Substitute 125 for P, 0.03 for r, and 4 for t.
The compounded interest is slightly more than $15. So, the answer is correct.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


PRACTICE 1. Internet In 1996, consumer spending 3. Population In 1960, the population of
per person per year for the Internet the United States was 179,323,175. By
was $13.24. The spending increased 2000, the population was 281,423,231.
by about 36% per person per year from Write an exponential model for the U.S.
1996 to 2007. Predict the spending per population from 1960 to 2000. Use the
person per year on the Internet in 2007. model to predict the U.S. population in
2010.
2. Error Analysis Describe and correct
the error made in solving Exercise 1. 4. Pond When a stone is dropped into a
x pond, the initial 1-foot radius of the ripple
y 5 13.24(0.36)
increases at a rate of about 50% per
5 13.24(0.36)11 second. Find the radius of the initial ripple
5 seconds after the stone is dropped.
ø 0.10
5. What If? Suppose a larger stone is
The consumer spending per person per
year for the Internet increased by $.10 dropped into the pond and the initial
from 1996 to 2007. The spending in 1-foot radius of the ripple increases at
2007 was $13.34. a rate of about 75% per second. Find
the radius of the initial ripple 5 seconds
after the stone is dropped.

Algebra 1
100 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
8.5 For use with pages 536–543

In Exercises 1–5, find an exponential function of the form f(x) 5 ab x that


passes through the given points.
1. (0, 1), (2, 9), (4, 81)

3
2. (0, 3), (1, 6), 21, }
2 1 2
125
3. 1 0, }12 2, 1 21, }1
10 2 1
, 3, }2 2

4. 1 0, }19 2, 1 1, }13 2, (2, 1)


5. 1 0, }32 2, (1, 3), (3, 12)

LESSON 8.5
In Exercises 6–10, use the properties of exponents to write both functions
so that each has the same constant raised to a power, then determine
which function has the greater value when x 5 1.
6. f (x) 5 3 p 28x

g(x) 5 3 p 46x
7. f (x) 5 2 p 42x 2 1

g(x) 5 5 p 16x 1 2
8. f (x) 5 25x 1 1

1 22x
g(x) 5 1 }5 2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

9. f (x) 5 6 p 16x

1
g(x) 5 }2 p 64x

10. f (x) 5 1000 p (2.25)5x

g(x) 5 2000 p (1.5)3x

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 101
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

Tell whether the table represents an exponential function. If so, write a


rule for the function.
1. 2.
x 22 21 0 1 2 x 21 0 1 2 3

y 100 10 1 }
1
}
1 y 25 23 21 1 3
10 100

Match the function with its graph.


1 x 1 x
3. y 5 }
2 1 2 4. y 5 2x 5. y 5 2 }
2 1 2
A. y B. y C. y
3 3 3

1
x
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 3 23 21 1 3 x
21 21

23 23 23

Graph the function and identify its domain and range.


1 x 2 x 3 x
6. y 5 }
6 1 2 7. y 5 }
5 1 2 8. y 5 }
8 1 2
y y y
LESSON 8.6

5 5 5

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


3 3 3

1 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 21

9. y 5 (0.4)x 10. y 5 (0.7)x 11. y 5 (0.2)x

y y y

5 5 5

3 3 3

1 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 21

Algebra 1
102 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
8.6 For use with pages 547–554
x
1
Graph the function. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 1 } 2. 3
1 x 1 x 1 1 x
12. y 5 2 p }
3 1 2 13. y 5 2 }
3 1 2 14. y 5 } p }
3 3 1 2
y y y
3
5 3
1
3 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
1 21
23
23 21 1 3 x
21 23

Tell whether the graph represents exponential growth or exponential


decay.
15. y 16. y 17. y
3
3

1 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 x 21 1 3 x
21 21
23

18. y 19. y 20. y

LESSON 8.6
3 3 3
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

275 225 25 75 x 23 21 1 3 x 275 225 25 75 x


21 21 21

21. Car Value You buy a used car for $12,000. It depreciates at the rate of 15% per
year. Find the value of the car after the given number of years.
a. 1 year
b. 3 years
c. 5 years

22. Declining Employment A business had 4000 employees in 2000. Each year for the
next 5 years, the number of employees decreased by 2%.
a. Write a function that models the number of employees over time.
b. Use the function to predict the number of employees in 2004. Round to the
nearest whole number.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 103
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

Tell whether the table represents an exponential function. If so, write a


rule for the function.
1. 2.
x 22 21 0 1 2 x 21 0 1 2 3
1 1 y 1 4 7 10 13
y 25 5 1 } }
5 25

Graph the function and identify its domain and range.


1 x 7 x 1 x
3. y 5 }
12 1 2 4. y 5 }
8 1 2 5. y 5 2 }
81 2
y y y
5 2
10
23 21 1 3 x
3
6

26 22 2 6 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
22

1 x
6. y 5 2 p }
5 1 2 7. y 5 2 p (0.25)x 8. y 5 20.5 p (0.3)x

y y y
10 7
0.5
6 5
23 21 3 x
20.5
LESSON 8.6

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23 21 1 3 x
22 1

23 21 1 3 x

x
1
Graph the function. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 1 } 2. 8
1 x 1 x 1 1 x
9. y 5 2 p }
8 1 2 10. y 5 2 }
8 1 2 11. y 5 } p }
4 8 1 2
y y y
20 5
2
3
23 21 1 3 x

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
24 21

Algebra 1
104 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

Decide whether the given statement is always, sometimes, or never true.


Justify your answer.
12. For a positive real number b other than 1, the graphs of y 5 bx and y 5 2bx
are reflections in the y-axis.
1 x
13. For a positive real number b other than 1, the graphs of y 5 bx and y 5 }
b 1 2
intersect.
14. For a nonzero number a and a positive real number b, the graphs of y 5 abx and
1 x
y5} a • b are not identical.

Tell whether the graph represents exponential growth or exponential


decay. Then write a rule for the function.
15. y 16. y 17. y
5 (26, 17) 5

(21, 4) (0, 3) (0, 4)


12

(22, 1)
1 4 (0, 2) 1

23 21 1 3 x 26 22 2 6 x 23 21 1 x
21 24 21

18. Computer Value You buy a computer for $3000. It depreciates at the rate of
20% per year. Find the value of the computer after the given number of years.
a. 1 year

LESSON 8.6
b. 3 years
c. 5 years
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

19. Unemployment Rate In 2000, the unemployment rate


y (0, 7)
Unemployment

of a city decreased by approximately 2.1% each month.


rate (percent)

7
In January, the unemployment rate was 7%. 6
5
a. Use the graph at the right to write a function that
4
models the unemployment rate of the city over time.
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 t
b. What was the unemployment rate in December? Months since January

20. Indoor Water Park An indoor water park had a declining attendance from 2000
to 2005. The attendance in 2000 was 18,000. Each year for the next 5 years, the
attendance decreased by 5.5%.
a. Write a function that models the attendance since 2000.
b. What was the attendance in 2005?

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 105
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

Tell whether the table represents an exponential function. If so, write a


rule for the function.
1. 2.
x –2 –1 0 1 2 x 22 21 0 1 2
100 10 9 81 17 33 31 15
y } } 1 } } y 2} 2} 28 2} 2}
81 9 10 100 2 4 4 2

Graph the function and identify its domain and range.


1 x 4 x 1 x
3. y 5 }
15 1 2 4. y 5 }
9 1 2 5. y 5 2 }
4 1 2
y y y
15 3
3
9 1
1
23 21 1 3 x
3 21
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
23 23
23

1 x
6. y 5 4 p }
9 1 2 7. y 5 3 p (0.25)x 8. y 5 20.2 p (0.3)x

y y y
0.1
30 10
23 21 1 3 x
20.1
LESSON 8.6

18 6
20.3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


6 2
20.5
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
26 22

1 x
Graph the function. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 1 } 2. 5
1 x 1 x 1 1 x
9. y 5 5 p }
5 1 2 10. y 5 2 }
5 1 2 11. y 5 2} p }
5 5 1 2
y y y
25 3
1
15 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
5 21
23
23 21 1 3 x
25 23
25

Algebra 1
106 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

Decide whether the given statement is always, sometimes, or never true.


Justify your answer.
12. For a positive real number b other than 1, the graphs of y 5 bx and y 5 2bx
are reflections in the x-axis.
1 x
13. For a positive real number b other than 1, the graphs of y 5 bx and y 5 }
b 1 2
have the same range.
14. For a positive real number b, the function y 5 2bx is an exponential growth
function.

Tell whether the graph represents exponential growth or exponential


decay. Then write a rule for the function.
15. y 16. y 17. y
5 (0, 5) 5 10
(0, 3)
3 (21, 7.5) (1, 4.8)
(21, 2.4)

1 (2, 0.8) 1 2

21 1 3 5 x 25 23 21 1 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 22

18. Truck Value You buy a used truck for $15,000. It depreciates at a rate of 18% per
year. Find how much the value of the truck depreciated after the given number of
years have passed.
a. 1 year
b. 3 years

LESSON 8.6
c. 5 years
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

19. Sleeping Behavior On average, as people grow older,


y (0, 8)
they sleep fewer hours during the night. The amount of 8
sleep that your great-aunt gets has decreased by 1.8% 7
Hours of sleep

since 2000. 6
5
a. Use the graph at the right to write a function that models
4
the number of hours your great-aunt sleeps each night 3
over time. 2
b. How many hours of sleep did your aunt average a night 1
in 2003? 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
Years since 2000

20. Investment You invested $2000 into the stock market in 2000. Your investment
increased 6% each year for five years. Over the next five years your investment
decreased in value of 6% each year. Did you have the $2000 again at the end of ten
years? Explain your reasoning.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 107
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

GOAL Write and graph exponential decay functions.

Vocabulary
When a > 0 and 0 < b < 1, the function y 5 a p b x represents
exponential decay.

EXAMPLE 1 Write a function rule


Tell whether the table represents an exponential function. If so, write a
rule for the function.
11 11 11 The y-values are multiplied by 6 for each increase
of 1 in x, so the table represents an exponential
x 21 0 1 2 function of the form y 5 abx with b 5 6.
1
y 2}3 22 212 272

36 36 36
The value of y when x 5 0 is 22, so a 5 22.
The table represents the exponential function y 5 22 p 6 x.

Exercise for Example 1


1. Tell whether the table represents an
LESSON 8.6

exponential function. If so, write a x 22 21 0 1 2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


rule for the function. y 1 3 9 27 81

EXAMPLE 2 Graph an exponential function


x
1
Graph the function y 5 1 } 2 . Identify its domain and range.
10
Solution
STEP 1 Make a table of values. The domain is y
all real numbers.
9

x 21 0 1 2 7

1 1
y 10 1 } } 5
10 100

x
STEP 2 Plot the points. y5 (101 )
1
STEP 3 Draw a smooth curve through the points.
23 21 1 3 x
From either the table or the graph, you can
see the range is all positive real numbers.

Algebra 1
108 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

EXAMPLE 3 Classify and write rules for functions


Tell whether the graph represents exponential growth or exponential
decay. Then write a rule for the function.

a. y b. y
(1, 8)
7

(0, 15)
15 5

(0, 4)
9
(1, 5)
3 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x

Solution
a. The graph represents exponential decay ( y 5 abx where 0 < b < 1). The
y-intercept is 15, so a 5 15. Find the value of b by using the point (1, 5)
and a 5 15.
y 5 abx Write function.
5 5 15 p b1 Substitute.
1
}5b Solve.
3
1 x
A function rule is y 5 15 p 1 }3 2 .

LESSON 8.6
b. The graph represents exponential growth ( y 5 ab x where b > 1). The y-intercept
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

is 4, so a 5 4. Find the value of b by using the point (1, 8) and a 5 4.


y 5 ab x Write function.
8 5 4 p b1 Substitute.
25b Solve.
A function rule is y 5 4 p 2x.

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


2. Graph y 5 (0.7) x and identify its domain and range.
1
3. The graph of an exponential function passes through the points (0, 4) and 1, } .
2 1 2
Graph the function. Tell whether the graph represents exponential growth or
exponential decay. Then write a rule for the function.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 109
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
8.4–8.6
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 528–554

1. Multi-Step Problem The radius of 4. Short Response In 2004, a family bought


Jupiter is about 71,492 kilometers. The a boat for $7000. The boat depreciates (loses
radius of Callisto, one of Jupiter’s moons, value) at a rate of 15% annually. In 2006,
is about 2400 kilometers. a person offers to buy the boat for $5500.
Should the family sell the boat? Explain.
a. Write each radius in scientific
notation. 5. Gridded Response A new television
b. The surface area S of a sphere with costs $400. The value of the television
radius r is given by S 5 4πr 2. Assume decreases over time. The value V in dollars
Jupiter and Callisto are spheres. Find of the television after t years is given by the
their surface areas. Write your answers function V 5 400(0.86)t. What is the decay
in scientific notation. rate, written as a decimal, of the value of
c. What is the ratio of the surface area of the television?
Jupiter to the surface area of Callisto?
6. Open-Ended Write two numbers in
What does the ratio tell you?
scientific notation whose product is
2. Multi-Step Problem The half-life of a 5.4 3 107. Write two numbers in scientific
pesticide is the time it takes for the pesticide notation whose quotient is 5.4 3 107.
to reduce to half of its original amount in
7. Short Response The graph shows the
soil. A certain pesticide has a half-life of
value of a car over time.
about 45 days.
a. A yard is sprayed with 20 ounces of y
(0, 20,000)
20,000
Value (dollars)

pesticide. Write a function that models


16,000
the amount of the pesticide in the soil
12,000
over time. (1, 18,800)
LESSON 8.6

8,000
b. How much of the 20 ounces sprayed 4,000

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


will be in the soil after 180 days? 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x
Time (years)
3. Multi-Step Problem The graph shows
the number of mobile phone subscribers in
a. Write an equation for the function
the world over time.
whose graph is shown.
y b. At what rate is the car losing value?
1600
subscribers

Explain.
Number of

(millions)

1200
(0, 91)
800 8. Extended Response A skier is saving
(1, 145)
400 money to buy a new pair of ski boots. The
0 skier puts $200 in a saving account that pays
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
Years since 1995 4% annual interest compounded yearly.
a. Write a function that models the amount
a. Does the graph represent exponential
growth or exponential decay? of money in the account over time.
b. Graph the function.
b. Write a function that models the
number of mobile phone subscribers c. The skier wants a pair of ski boots that
over time. cost $234.99. Will there be enough in
c. How many mobile phone subscribers
the account after 3 years to buy the ski
were there in 1998? boots? Explain.

Algebra 1
110 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
8.6 For use with pages 547–554

In Exercises 1–5, find an exponential function of the form f(x) 5 ab x that


passes through the given points.

1. 1 1, }32 2, 1 2, }34 2, 1 4, }3
16 2

2. 1 1, }23 2, 1 3, }2 2
27 2 1 243 2
, 5, }

36 108
1
3. (0, 4), 2, } , 3, }
25 125 21 2
2 4
1
4. (1, 1), 2, } , 3, }
5 25 21 2
5. 1 0, }73 2, (1, 1), 1 2, }37 2
In Exercises 6–9, use the properties of exponents to write both functions
so that each has the same constant raised to a power, then determine
which function has the greater value when x 5 1.
1 5x
6. f(x) 5 3 p }
9 1 2
1 6x
g(x) 5 4 p 1 }3 2

1 2x 2 1
7. f (x) 5 2 p }
4 1 2
1 x12
g(x) 5 5 p 1 }
16 2

LESSON 8.6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1 x11
8. f (x) 5 }
5 1 2
1 2x
g(x) 5 1 }
25 2
3 2x
9. f (x) 5 6 p }
4 1 2
1 18 x
g(x) 5 }2 p 1 }
32 2

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 111
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Practice
8.6 For use with pages 555–556

Tell whether the sequence is arithmetic or geometric. Then graph


the sequence.

1. 2, 4, 6, 8, ... 2. 64, 232, 16, 28, ... 3. 21, 23, 25, 27, ...

Y Y Y
/

X
/

/ X X

Write a rule for the nth term of the geometric sequence. Then graph the
sequence, and identify the domain and the range.

4. 64, 16, 4, 1, ... 5. 1, 26, 36, 2216, ... 6. 3, 6, 12, 24, ...

Y Y Y

/ X

/ X / X
FOCUS ON 8.6

1 1 1 1 1 1
7. 1, }, }, }, ... 8. 21, }, 2}, }, ... 9. 281, 227, 29, 23, ...
4 16 64 2 4 8

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Y Y Y
/ X

/ X /

10. Challenge A certain type of pea-plant germinates 6 seeds per


generation. Write a rule for the nth term of the sequence in the
.UMBEROF.EW0EA0LANTSA N

table. Then graph the first six terms of the sequence. Y



Number of generations, n 1 2 3 4

Number of new pea-plants, an 1 6 36 216




       X
.UMBEROF'ENERATIONSN

Algebra 1
112 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery
8.6 For use with pages 555–556

GOAL Identify, graph, and write geometric sequences.

Vocabulary
In a geometric sequence, the ratio of any term to the previous term is
constant.
This constant ratio is called the common ratio and is denoted by r.
The General Rule for a Geometric Sequence is given by an 5 a1r n 2 1.

EXAMPLE 1 Identify a geometric sequence


Tell whether the sequence is arithmetic or geometric. Then write the
next term of the sequence.
a. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ... b. 486, 162, 54, 18, 6, ...
Solution
a. The first term is a1 5 4. Find the ratios of consecutive terms:
a2 8 a3 12 1 a4 16 1 a5 20 1
a 5}=2
}
1 4 a 5 } 5 1}
}
2 8 2 a 5 } 5 1}
}
3 12 3 a 5 } 5 1}
}
4 16 4
Because ratios are not constant, the sequence is not geometric. To see if the
sequence is arithmetic, find the differences of consecutive terms.
a2 2 a1 5 8 2 4 = 4 a3 2 a2 5 12 2 8 = 4

FOCUS ON 8.6
a4 2 a3 5 16 2 12 = 4 a5 2 a4 5 20 2 16 = 4
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

The common difference is 4, so the sequence is arithmetic. The next term of


the sequence is a6 5 a5 1 4 5 24.
b. The first term is a1 5 486. Find the ratios of consecutive terms:
a2 162 1 a3 54 1 a4 18 1 a5 6 1
a 5}5}
}
1 486 3 a 5}5}
}
2 162 3 a 5}5}
}
3 54 3 a 5}5}
}
4 18 3
Because the ratios are constant, the sequence is geometric. The common ratio
1 1
is }3 . The next term of the sequence is a6 5 a5 • }3 5 2.

Exercises for Example 1


Tell whether the sequence is arithmetic or geometric. Then write the
next term of the sequence.
1. 4, 20, 100, 500, ... 2. 0.5, 1.25, 2, 2.75, ...
3. 32, 16, 8, 4, ...

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 113
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery continued
8.6 For use with pages 555–556

EXAMPLE 2 Graph a geometric sequence


To graph the sequence from part (b) of Example 1, let each term’s position number in
the sequence be the x-value. The term is the corresponding y-value. Then make and
plot the points.
y
Position, x 1 2 3 4 5 480
400
Term, y 486 162 54 18 6 320
240
160
80

O 1 2 3 4 5 x

Exercises for Example 2


Graph the sequence.
4. 4, 20, 100, 500, ... 5. 0.5, 1.25, 2, 2.75, ...
6. 32, 16, 8, 4, ...

EXAMPLE 3 Write a rule for a geometric sequence


Write a rule for the nth term of the geometric sequence in Example 1.
Then find a10.
Solution
FOCUS ON 8.6

To write a rule for the nth term of the sequence, substitute the values for a1 and r in the
1 1 n21

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


general rule an 5 a1r n 2 1. Because a1 5 486 and r 5 }3, an 5 486 • 1 }3 2 . The 10th
1 10 2 1 2
term of the sequence is a10 5 486 • }3 1 2 =}
81
.

Exercises for Example 3


Write a rule for the nth term of the geometric sequence. Then find a10.
1 1 1
7. 1, 22, 4, 28, ... 8. 1, }, }, }, ...
3 9 27
9. 10, 20, 40, 80, ...

Algebra 1
114 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Chapter Review Game
8 For use after Chapter 8

Math History
Solve the following exercises. Find the answer at the right of the page.
Place the letter associated with the correct answer on the line with the
exercise number to answer the following question.
Who was the first mathematician to use exponential notation the way we use it today?
Exercises Answers
1. Simplify: x 3 p x5 (S) 1.495 3 1011 (B) 0
2. Write in scientific notation: 31,009,100 (R) x 8 (N) 1
3. Simplify: (8x 4y 3)0 (E) 0.055 (D) 0.891
x2 3 x6
4. Simplify: }
y 1 2 (L) 1.055 (E) }3
y
5. What is the decay factor in the model y 5 35(0.891)t? (A) 3.0 3 10 25 (P) x 15
500
6. Simplify: 2(3x 2)4(2x)2 (T) 2}
4 6 (C) 2x 7y
x y
7. Write in standard form: 9.87 3 1025 (K) 987,000
16x22y 4 y14
8. Simplify: } (R) }6
(2x23y)3 16x
7.5 3 1023 8x 7
9. Evaluate: } (U) }
y
2.5 3 102
10. Simplify: (2x23y 4)2 p (4y22)23 (E) 3.10091 3 107
5 3 2x 2 x6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

x 1
11. Simplify: 2}2 p }3
y 2 1 2 (F) }
y

12. What is the growth rate in the model y 5 17(1.055)t ? (S) 0.0000987
13. Evaluate: (6.5 3 106)(2.3 3 104) (E) 2324x10

1 2 3 4 CHAPTER REVIEW GAME

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book 115
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter
9 For use with Chapter 9

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Chapter Overview One way you can help your student succeed in Chapter 9 is by
discussing the lesson goals in the chart below. When a lesson is completed, ask your student the
following questions. ÒWhat were the goals of the lesson? What new words and formulas did you
learn? How can you apply the ideas of the lesson to your life?Ó

Lesson Title Lesson Goals Key Applications

9.1: Add and Subtract Add and subtract • Baseball Attendance


Polynomials polynomials. • Backpacking and Camping
• Car Costs
9.2: Multiply Polynomials Multiply polynomials. • Skateboarding
• Swimming Pool
• Sound Recordings
9.3: Find Special Products of Use special product • Border Collies
Polynomials patterns to multiply • Pea Plants
polynomials.
• Football Statistics
9.4: Solve Polynomial Equations Solve polynomial • Armadillo
in Factored Form equations. • Spittlebug • Soccer
9.5: Factor x 2 1 bx 1 c Factor trinomials of the • Banner Dimensions
form • Card Design
x2 1 bx 1 c.
• Construction
9.6: Factor ax 2 1 bx 1 c Factor trinomials of the • Discus • Diving
form ax2 1 bx 1 c.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

• Scrapbook Design
9.7: Factor Special Products Factor special products. • Falling Object
• Falling Brush
• Grasshopper
9.8: Factor Polynomials Factor polynomials • Terrarium • Carpentry
Completely completely. • Jumping Robot

Key Ideas for Chapter 9

In Chapter 9, you will apply the key ideas listed in the Chapter Opener (see page 571)
and reviewed in the Chapter Summary (see page 634).
1. Adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials
2. Factoring polynomials
3. Writing and solving polynomial equations to solve problems

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 117
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter continued
9 For use with Chapter 9
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Key Ideas Your student can demonstrate understanding of key concepts by working through
the following exercises with you.

Lesson Exercise

9.1 Find the sum or difference.


(a) (2x3 1 4x2 2 6x 2 8) 1 (x3 2 5x 1 4)
(b) (3x2 2 4x 2 5) 2 (22x2 2 8x 1 7)

9.2 You frame a picture that has a length of 10 inches and a width of 8 inches with a
border that is the same width on every side.
(a) Write a polynomial that represents the total area of the picture and border.
(b) Find the total area when the width of the border is 3 inches.

9.3 Find the product. (a) (3x 2 4)2 (b) (x 1 5y)(x 2 5y)

9.4 While lying on the ground, you throw a paper airplane straight up in the air with an
initial vertical velocity of 20 feet per second. The airplane’s height h, t seconds after
you throw it, can be modeled by h 5 216t 2 1 20t. After how many seconds does it
land on the ground?

9.5 Factor the trinomial. (a) x2 1 2x 2 35 (b) y2 2 11y 1 24

9.6 Solve the equation. (a) 2x2 1 9x 1 7 5 0 (b) 9y2 1 12y 2 12 5 0

9.7 A clothesline runs between two apartment buildings 144 feet in the air. A wet sock
is dropped while being placed on the line. Use the vertical motion model to write an

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


equation for the height h (in feet) of the sock as a function of the time t (in seconds)
after it is dropped. After how many seconds does the sock land on the ground?

9.8 Factor the expression completely: 6x2y 1 45xy2 1 75y3.

Home Involvement Activity

Directions Measure the length and width of a rectangular-sized yard, to the


nearest foot. Suppose you were going to put a rectangular shaped pool in the yard
with a space x feet wide on all four sides. Find a model for the area of the pool. Write
it as a quadratic trinomial. If x 5 7, what is the area of the pool the yard could hold?

3 seconds 9.8: 3y(2x 1 5y)(x 1 5y)


(b) ( y 2 8)( y 2 3) 9.6: (a) x 5 2}2 , 21 (b) y 5 }3, 22 9.7: h 5 216t 2 1 144;
2 7
9.3: (a) 9x2 2 24x 1 16 (b) x2 2 25y2 9.4: 1.25 seconds 9.5: (a) (x 1 7)(x 2 5)
9.1: (a) 3x3 1 4x2 2 11x 2 4 (b) 5x 2 1 4x 2 12 9.2: (a) x 2 1 18x 1 80 (b) 143 in.2
Answers
Algebra 1
118 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia
9 Usar con el Capítulo 9

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Vistazo al capítulo Una manera en que puede ayudar a su hijo a tener Žxito en el
Cap’tulo 9 es hablar sobre los objetivos de la lecci—n en la tabla a continuaci—n. Cuando se termina
una lecci—n, pregœntele a su hijo lo siguiente: ÒÀCu‡les fueron los objetivos de la lecci—n? ÀQuŽ
palabras y f—rmulas nuevas aprendiste? ÀC—mo puedes aplicar a tu vida las ideas de la lecci—n?Ó

Título de la lección Objetivos de la lección Aplicaciones clave

9.1: Sumar y restar polinomios Sumar y restar polinomios • Asistencia de béisbol


• Ir de excursión y de
camping
• Gastos de carro
9.2: Multiplicar polinomios Multiplicar polinomios • Patinaje • Piscina
• Grabaciones de sonidos
9.3: Hallar productos especiales Usar patrones de productos • Pastor fronterizo
de polinomios especiales para multiplicar • Plantas de guisantes
polinomios • Estadística de fútbol
americano
9.4: Resolver ecuaciones de Resolver ecuaciones de • Armadillo
polinomios en forma de polinomios • Insecto • Fútbol
factores

9.5: Hallar factores de Hallar factores de trinomios • Dimensiones de


x 2 1 bx 1 c en forma de x2 1 bx 1 c. estandarte
• Diseño de tarjeta
• Construcción
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

9.6: Hallar factores de Hallar factores de trinomios • Disco • Zambullidas


ax 2 1 bx 1 c en forma de ax2 1 bx 1 c. • Diseño de álbum de
recortes
9.7: Hallar factores de Hallar factores de productos • Objeto en caída
productos especiales especiales • Cepillo en caída
• Saltamontes
9.8: Hallar factores de Hallar factores de • Terrario • Carpintería
polinomios completamente polinomios completamente • Robot de saltos

Ideas clave para el Capítulo 9

En el Capítulo 9, aplicarás las ideas clave enumeradas en la Presentación del capítulo


(ver la página 571) y revisadas en el Resumen del capítulo (ver la página 634).
1. Sumar, restar y multiplicar polinomios
2. Hallar factores de polinomios
3. Escribir y resolver ecuaciones de polinomios para resolver problemas

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 119
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia continúa
9 Usar con el Capítulo 9
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Ideas clave Su hijo puede demostrar la comprensión de las ideas clave al hacer los
siguientes ejercicios con usted.

Lección Ejercicio

9.1 Halla la suma o la diferencia.


(a) (2x3 1 4x2 2 6x 2 8) 1 (x3 2 5x 1 4)
(b) (3x2 2 4x 2 5) 2 (22x2 2 8x 1 7)

9.2 Enmarcas un cuadro que tiene un largo de 10 pulgadas y un ancho de 8 pulgadas


con un borde que tiene el mismo ancho en cada lado.
(a) Escribe un polinomio que represente el área total del cuadro y del borde.
(b) Halla el área total cuando el ancho del borde es 3 pulgadas.

9.3 Halla el producto. (a) (3x 2 4)2 (b) (x 1 5y)(x 2 5y)

9.4 Recostado en el suelo, tiras un avión de papel hacia arriba con una velocidad
vertical inicial de 20 pies por segundo. La altura del avión h, t segundos después
de tirarlo, se puede modelar por h 5 216t 2 1 20t. ¿Después de cuántos segundos
aterriza el avión?

9.5 Halla los factores del trinomio. (a) x2 1 2x 2 35 (b) y2 2 11y 1 24

9.6 Resuelve la ecuación. (a) 2x2 1 9x 1 7 5 0 (b) 9y2 1 12y 2 12 5 0

9.7 Un tendedero se extiende 114 pies en el aire entre dos edificios de apartamentos.
Un calcetín mojado se cae del tendedero. Usa el modelo de moción vertical para

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


escribir una ecuación para la altura h (en pies) del calcetín como una función del
tiempo t (en segundos) después de caerse. ¿Después de cuántos segundos aterriza el
calcetín?
9.8 Halla los factores de la expresión completamente: 6x2y 1 45xy2 1 75y3.

Actividad para la familia

Instrucciones Mide el largo y el ancho de un patio trasero rectangular al pie


más próximo. Supón que deseas poner una piscina rectangular en el patio con un es-
pacio x pies de ancho en los cuatro lados. Halla un modelo para el área de la piscina.
Escríbelo como un trinomio cuadrático. Si x 5 7, ¿qué es el área de la piscina que se
puede poner en el patio?
3 segundos 9.8: 3y(2x 1 5y)(x 1 5y)
(b) ( y 2 8)( y 2 3) 9.6: (a) x 5 2}2 , 21 (b) y 5 }3, 22 9.7: h 5 216t 2 1 144;
2 7
9.3: (a) 9x2 2 24x 1 16 (b) x2 2 25y2 9.4: 1.25 segundos 9.5: (a) (x 1 7)(x 2 5)
9.1: (a) 3x3 1 4x2 2 11x 2 4 (b) 5x 2 1 4x 2 12 9.2: (a) x 2 1 18x 1 80 (b) 143 pulg2
Respuestas
Algebra 1
120 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
9.1 For use with page 578

TI-83 Plus Casio CFX-9850GC Plus


Part a. Part a.
Y= ( X,T,,n x2  2 X,T,,n  From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
3 )  ( 2 X,T,,n x 2
 4 ( X,,T x2  2 X,,T  3 ) 

X,T,,n  5 ) ENTER 3 X,T,,n ( 2 X,,T x 2


 4 X,,T  5 )

x 2
 2 X,T,,n  2 ENTER EXE 3 X,,T x 2
 2 X,,T  2
Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the EXE F4 F2 EXIT SHIFT F3 () 5
graph style icon in the first column before y2. EXE 5 EXE 1 EXE () 5 EXE 5 EXE
Press ENTER until you see the graph style thick. 1 EXE EXIT F6

WINDOW () 5 ENTER 5 ENTER 1


ENTER () 5 ENTER 5 ENTER 1 Part b.

LESSON 9.1
ENTER GRAPH From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
( X,,T ^ 3  X,,T  1 ) 
Part b. ( 5 X,,T ^ 3  2 X,,T  7 )

Y= CLEAR ( X,T,,n MATH 3  EXE () 4 X,,T ^ 3  X,,T 

X,T,,n  1 )  ( 5 X,T,,n 6 EXE F4 F2 EXIT SHIFT F3 ()

MATH 3  2 X,T,,n  7 ) 5 EXE 5 EXE 1 EXE () 10 EXE 10


ENTER CLEAR () 4 X,T,,n EXE 1 EXE EXIT F6

MATH 3  X,T,,n  6 ENTER

Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the


graph style icon in the first column before y2.
Press ENTER until you see the graph style thick.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

WINDOW () 5 ENTER 5 ENTER 1


ENTER () 10 ENTER 10 ENTER 1
ENTER GRAPH

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 121
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.1 For use with pages 572–578

Write the polynomial so that the exponents decrease from left to right.
Identify the degree and leading coefficient of the polynomial.
1. 8n6 2. 29z 1 1 3. 4 1 2x 5

4. 18x 2 x 2 1 2 5. 3y 3 1 4y 2 1 8 6. m 2 20m3 1 5

7. 28 1 10a 4 2 3a7 8. 4z 1 z 3 2 5z 2 1 6z 4 9. 8h 3 2 6h 4 1 h7

Tell whether the expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, find its


degree and classify it by the number of its terms. Otherwise, tell why it is
not a polynomial.
10. 6m2 11. 3x 12. y 22 1 4

13. 3b2 2 2
1
14. } x 2 2 2x 1 1 15. 6x 3 2 1.4x
LESSON 9.1

Find the sum or difference.


16. (6x 1 4) 1 (x 1 5) 17. (4m2 2 5) 1 (3m2 2 2)
18. (2y 2 1 y 2 1) 1 (7y 2 1 4y 2 3) 19. (3x 2 1 5) 2 (x 2 1 2)
20. (10a 2 1 4a 2 5) 2 (3a 2 1 2a 1 1) 21. (m 2 2 3m 1 4) 2 (2m 2 1 5m 1 1)

Write a polynomial that represents the perimeter of the figure.


22. 23. x14
x21
x12 x11

x11

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


x15
2x 1 1

24. Library Books For 1995 through 2005, the number F of fiction books (in ten
thousands) and the number N of nonfiction books (in ten thousands) borrowed
from a library can be modeled by
F 5 0.01t 2 1 0.08t 1 7 and N 5 0.004t 2 1 0.05t 1 5
where t is the number of years since 1995. Find the total number B of books
borrowed from the library in a year from 1995 to 2005.
25. Photograph Mat A mat in a frame has an opening
for a photograph as shown in the figure. Find the
area of the mat if the area of the opening is given by
A 5 πab. Leave your answer in terms of π. b ⫽ 4x ⫺ 2 4x
a⫽3

x
Not drawn to scale

Algebra 1
122 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.1 For use with pages 572–578

Write the polynomial so that the exponents decrease from left to right.
Identify the degree and leading coefficient of the polynomial.
1. 4n 5 2. 4x 2 2x 2 1 3 3. 6y 3 2 2y 2 1 4y 4 2 5

Tell whether the expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, find its


degree and classify it by the number of its terms. Otherwise, tell why it is
not a polynomial.
4. 10 x 5. 26n 2 2 n 3 1 4 6. w 23 1 5

Find the sum or difference.


7. (3z 2 1 z 2 4) 1 (2z 2 1 2z 2 3) 8. (8c 2 2 4c 1 1) 1 (23c 2 1 c 1 5)
9. (2x 2 1 5x 2 1) 1 (x 2 2 5x 1 7) 10. (10b 2 2 3b 1 2) 2 (4b 2 1 5b 1 1)

LESSON 9.1
11. (24m 2 1 3m 2 1) 2 (m 1 2) 12. (3m 1 4) 2 (2m 2 2 6m 1 5)

Write a polynomial that represents the perimeter of the figure.


13. 3x 14.
4x 2 3

2x 1 1
2x 1 1 2x 2 1
x12

3x 2x 1 1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

15. Floor Plan The first floor of a home has the floor plan shown. Find the area of the
first floor.

4x

x 8
2 x24
x
2

16. Profit For 1995 through 2005, the revenue R (in dollars) and the cost C (in dollars)
of producing a product can be modeled by
1 21 1 13
R 5 }4 t 2 1 }
4
t 1 400 and C5}
12
t2 1 }
4
t 1 200
where t is the number of years since 1995. Write an equation for the profit earned
from 1995 to 2005. (Hint: Profit 5 Revenue 2 Cost)

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 123
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.1 For use with pages 572–578

Tell whether the expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, find its


degree and classify it by the number of its terms. Otherwise, tell why it is
not a polynomial.
1
1. 28 2. x 2 2 5x 1 x 21 3. 23b2 2 5 1 } b
2

Find the sum or difference.


4. (3m 3 1 2m 1 1) 1 (4m 2 2 3m 1 1) 5. (24y 2 1 y 1 5) 1 (4 2 3y 2 y 2)
6. (24c 1 c 3 1 8) 1 (c 2 2 5c 2 3) 7. (23z 1 6) 2 (4z 2 2 7z 2 8)

8. (14x 4 2 3x 2 1 2) 2 (3x 3 1 4x 2 1 5) 9. (5 2 x 4 2 2x 3) 2 (26x 2 1 5x 1 5)

10. Find the sum f (x) 1 g(x) and the difference f(x) 2 g(x) for the functions
LESSON 9.1

f(x) 5 25x 2 1 2x 2 1 and g(x) 5 6x 3 1 2x 2 2 5.

Find the sum or difference.


11. (10a 2b 2 2 7a 2b) 1 (24a 3b 2 1 5a 2b 2 2 3a 2b 1 5)
12. (6m2n 2 5mn2 2 8n 1 2m) 2 (6n2m 1 3m2n)

13. Mineral Production For 1997 through 2003, the amount P of peat produced
(in thousand metric tons) and the amount L of perlite produced (in thousand
metric tons) in the United States can be modeled by
P 5 3.09t 4 2 36.74t 3 + 121.38t 2 2 77.65t 1 663.57
and

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


L 5 1.84t 4 2 20.04t 3 1 56.27t 2 2 48.77t 1 703.94
where t is the number of years since 1997.
a. Write an equation that gives the total number T of thousand metric tons of peat
and perlite produced as a function of the number of years since 1997.
b. Was more peat and perlite produced in 1997 or in 2003? Explain your answer.

14. Home Sales In 1997, the median sale price for a one-family home in the
Northeast was about $187,443 and the median sale price for a one-family home
in the Midwest was about $151,629. From 1997 through 2003, the median sale
price for a one-family home in the Northeast increased by about $13,857 per
year and the median sale price for a one-family home in the Midwest increased
by about $5457 per year.
a. Write two equations that model the median sale prices of a one-family home in
the Northeast and Midwest as functions of the number of years since 1997.
b. How much more did a home in the Northeast cost than a home in the Midwest
in 1997 and 2003? What was the change in the sale price of each area from
1997 to 2003?

Algebra 1
124 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.1 For use with pages 572–578

GOAL Add and subtract polynomials.

Vocabulary
A monomial is a number, a variable, or the product of a number and
one or more variables with whole number exponents.
The degree of a monomial is the sum of the exponents of the variables
in the monomial.
A polynomial is a monomial or a sum of monomials, each called a
term of the polynomial.
The degree of a polynomial is the greatest degree of its terms.
When a polynomial is written so that the exponents of a variable

LESSON 9.1
decrease from left to right, the coefficient of the first term is called
the leading coefficient.
A polynomial with two terms is called a binomial.
A polynomial with three terms is called a trinomial.

EXAMPLE 1 Rewrite a polynomial


Write 12x 3 2 15x 1 13x 5 so that the exponents decrease from left to
right. Identify the degree and the leading coefficient of the polynomial.
Solution
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Consider the degree of each of the polynomial’s terms.


Degree is 3. Degree is 1. Degree is 5.

12x 3 2 15x 1 13x5


The polynomial can be rewritten as 13x5 1 12x 3 2 15x. The greatest degree is 5,
so the degree of the polynomial is 5, and the leading coefficient is 13.

Exercises for Example 1


Write the polynomial so that the exponents decrease from left to right.
Identify the degree and the leading coefficient of the polynomial.
1. 9 2 2x 2 2. 16 1 3y 3 1 2y 3. 6z 3 1 7z 2 2 3z 5

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 125
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.1 For use with pages 572–578

EXAMPLE 2 Add polynomials


Find the sum.
a. (3x4 2 2x3 1 5x2) 1 (7x2 1 9x32 2x)
b. (7x22 3x 1 6) 1 (9x2 1 6x2 11)
Solution
a. Vertical format: Align like terms in vertical columns.
3x4 2 2x3 1 5x2
1 9x3 1 7x2 2 2x
______________________
3x4 1 7x3 1 12x2 2 2x
LESSON 9.1

b. Horizontal format: Use the associative and commutative


properties to group like terms and simplify.
(7x2 2 3x 1 6) 1 (9x2 1 6x 2 11) 5 (7x2 1 9x2) 1 (23x 1 6x) 1 (6 2 11)
5 16x2 1 3x 2 5

EXAMPLE 3 Subtract polynomials


Find the difference.
a. (3x2 2 9x) 2 (2x2 2 5x 1 6) b. (11x2 1 6x 2 1) 2 (2x2 2 7x 1 5)
Solution
a. Vertical format: Align like terms in vertical columns.
3x2 2 9x 3x2 2 9x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


2 (2x2 2 5x 1 6)
_______________ 2 2x2 1 5x 2 6
_____________
x2 2 4x 2 6

b. Horizontal format: Group like terms and simplify.


(11x2 1 6x 2 1) 2 (2x2 2 7x 1 5) 5 11x2 1 6x 2 1 2 2x2 1 7x 2 5
5 (11x2 2 2x2) 1 (6x 1 7x) 1 (21 2 5)
5 9x2 1 13x 2 6

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


Find the sum or difference.
4. (2a2 1 7) 1 (7a2 1 4a 2 3)
5. (9b2 2 b 1 8) 1 (4b2 2 b 2 3)
6. (7c3 2 6c 1 4) 2 (9c3 2 5c 2 2 c)
7. (d 2 2 15d 1 10) 2 (212d 2 1 8d 2 1)

Algebra 1
126 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
9.1
Worked Out Example
For use with pages 5722578

PROBLEM College Basketball Attendance During the period 1999 –2003, the attendance M and
W (in thousands) at men’s and women’s NCAA basketball games, respectively, can be
modeled by
M 5 73.3t3 2 372.4t2 1 722.2t 1 28,524.4 and W 5 40.3t3 2 208.6t2 1 727.7t 1 8035.7
where t is the number of years since 1999. About how many people attended NCAA
basketball games in 2003?
STEP 1 Read and Understand
What do you know? The equations that model the attendance for men’s and
women’s NCAA basketball games from 1999–2003.
What do you want to find out? The attendance of NCAA basketball games in 2003.

LESSON 9.1
STEP 2 Make a Plan Use what you know to add the two equations.
STEP 3 Solve the Problem Add the models for the attendance to men’s and
women’s games to find a model for A, the total attendance (in thousands).
A 5 (73.3t 3 2 372.4t 2 1 722.2t 1 28,524.4) 1 (40.3t 3 2 208.6t 2 1 727.7t 1 8035.7)
5 (73.3t 3 1 40.3t 3) 1 (2372.4t 2 2 208.6t 2) 1 (722.2t 1 727.7t) 1 (28,524.4 1 8035.7)
5 113.6t 3 2 581t 2 1 1449.9t 1 36,560.1
Substitute 4 for t in the model, because 2003 is 4 years after 1999.
A 5 113.6(4)3 2 581(4)2 1 1449.9(4) 1 36,560.1 5 40,334.1
About 40,334,100 people attended NCAA basketball games in 2003.
STEP 4 Look Back Substitute 4 into each attendance equation and then add to find the
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

total attendance in 2003.When you substitute 4 into the men’s attendance, you obtain
30,146. When you substitute 4 into the women’s attendance, you obtain 10,188.1.
When you add the men’s and women’s attendance, you get 40,334,100 people.

PRACTICE 1. Hockey Attendance During the 2. Salaries During the period


period 199922003, the attendance S 1999–2003, the average salaries B and
and P (in thousands) at National F (in thousands of dollars) for Major
Hockey League regular season and League Baseball and National Football
playoff games, respectively, can be League players, respectively, can be
modeled by modeled by

S 5 2359.93t 2 1 2272.61t 1 B 5 236.57t 2 1 339.29t 1 1602.86


17,084.14
F 5 219.58t3 1 117.14t 2 2 17.49t 1
P 5 214t3 1 72t2 2 23t 1 1475.6 707.8
where t is the number of years since where t is the number of years since
1999. About how many people attended 1999. About how much more was the
National Hockey League games in average baseball salary than the average
2003? football salary in 2003?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 127
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.1 For use with pages 572–578

In Exercises 1–5, use the following information.


Suppose you have x number of quarters, x 1 4 number of dimes, 2x 1 1 number of
nickels, and 3x 1 5 number of pennies. For each combination of coins, determine whether
the number of coins is even, odd, or can’t be determined from the given information.
1. The total number of quarters and dimes

2. The total number of quarters and nickels

3. The total number of quarters and pennies

4. The total number of dimes and pennies

5. The total number of dimes, nickels, and pennies


LESSON 9.1

In Exercises 6–12, simplify the given expression. Assume x is positive.


6. (2x 1 1)[(3x 2 2 2x 1 5) 1 (2x 2 1 4x 2 3) 2 (5x 2 1 2x 1 2)]
[( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 )]
7. (2x 1 1) 3x 2 2x 1 5 1 2x 1 4x 2 3 2 5x 1 2x 1 2

8. x3x 1 5 p x22x 2 2 p x2x 2 2


x 22x p x x
9. 3x p x
2 2
32x 2 5x 1 1 p 322x 1 5x 1 3
10. }}
26x 2 1 p 226x 1 3
2
52x 2 3x 2 4
11. } 2
52x 2 3x 2 6
4
2
2x 1 3
3x 2 2 2 }
12. } 2 4
3x 2 5 2x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
128 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.2 For use with pages 579–586

Find the product.


1. x(3x 2 2 2x 1 1) 2. 2y(3y 3 1 y 2 2 4) 3. 23m(m2 1 4m 2 1)

4. d 2(4d 2 2 3d 1 1) 5. 2w 3(w 2 1 3w) 6. 2a 2(a 2 1 3a 2 1)

Use a table to find the product.


7. (x 1 1)(x 2 4) 8. (y 1 6)(y 1 2) 9. (a 2 5)(a 2 3)

10. (2m 1 1)(m 1 3) 11. (3z 1 4)(z 2 5) 12. (d 1 6)(3d 2 1)

Use a vertical or a horizontal format to find the product.


13. (y 1 8)(y 2 3) 14. (n 1 5)(n 1 6) 15. (3x 2 2)(x 1 5)

16. (4a 1 1)(2a 2 1) 17. (w 1 1)(w 2 1 2w 1 1) 18. (m 2 2)(m2 2 2m 1 3)

Use the FOIL pattern to find the product.


19. (y 2 3)(8y 1 1) 20. (5b 2 1)(3b 1 2) 21. (2d 2 4)(3d 2 1)

22. (3x 1 1)(2x 1 2) 23. (6x 2 2)(x 1 4) 24. (2s 2 5)(s 1 3)

25. (8c 1 2)(5c 2 7) 26. (8p 2 3)(2p 2 5) 27. (14t 2 2)(t 1 2)

28. Volume You have come up with a plan for building


a wooden box to hold all of your sports equipment
as shown. 24 in.

LESSON 9.2
a. Write a polynomial that represents the volume
of the box.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

(3x 1 6) in.
b. Find the volume of the box when x 5 10.
(4x 1 8) in.

29. National Park System During the period 1990–2002, the number A of acres (in
thousands) making up the national park system in the United States and the percent
P (in decimal form) of this amount that is parks can be modeled by
A 5 211t 1 76,226
and
P 5 20.0008t 2 1 0.009t 1 0.6
where t is the number of years since 1990.
a. Find the values of A and P for t 5 0. What does the product A p P mean for
t 5 0 in the context of this problem?
b. Write an equation that models the number of acres (in thousands) that are just
parks as a function of the number of years since 1990.

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 129
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.2 For use with pages 579–586

Find the product.


1. x 2(6x 2 2 3x 2 1) 2. 25a 3(4a 4 2 3a 1 1) 3. 4d 2(22d 3 1 5d 2 2 6d 1 2)

4. (3x 1 1)(2x 2 5) 5. (2y 1 3)(y 2 5) 6. (6a 2 3)(4a 2 1)

7. (b 2 8)(5b 2 2) 8. (8m 1 7)(2m 1 3) 9. (2p 1 2)(3p 2 1 1)

10. (2z 2 7)(–z 1 3) 11. (23d 1 10)(2d 2 1) 12. (n 1 1)(n 2 1 4n 1 5)

13. (w 2 3)(w 2 1 8w 1 1) 14. (2s 1 5)(s 2 1 3s 2 1) 15. (x 2 2 4xy 1 y 2)(5xy)


Simplify the expression.
16. a(3a 1 1) 1 (a 1 1)(a 2 1)

17. (x 1 2)(x 1 5) 2 x(4x 2 1)

18. (m 1 7)(m 2 3) 1 (m 2 4)(m 1 5)

Write a polynomial for the area of the shaded region.


19. 20.

x
3x

2
x 5 x 4

21. Flower Bed You are designing a rectangular flower bed x ft


LESSON 9.2

that you will border using brick pavers. The width of the 6 ft
border around the bed will be the same on every side, x ft

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


as shown.
a. Write a polynomial that represents the total area of 5 ft
the flower bed and the border.
b. Find the total area of the flower bed and border when
the width of the border is 1.5 feet.
22. School Enrollment During the period 1995–2002, the number S of students (in
thousands) enrolled in school in the U.S. and the percent P (in decimal form) of this
amount that are between 7 and 13 years old can be modeled by
S 5 32.6t 3 2 376.45t 2 1 1624.2t 1 66,939
and
P 5 0.000005t 4 2 0.0003t 3 1 0.003t 2 2 0.007t 1 0.4
where t is the number of years since 1995.
a. Find the values of S and P for t 5 0. What does the product S p P mean for
t 5 0 in the context of this problem?
b. Write an equation that models the number of students (in thousands) that are
between 7 and 13 years old as a function of the number of years since 1995.
c. How many students between 7 and 13 years old were enrolled in 1995?

Algebra 1
130 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.2 For use with pages 579–586

Find the product.


1. 28y 3(2y 4 2 5y 2 1 3) 2. (b 1 3)(3b 2 2 2b 1 1) 3. (6w 2 3)(4 2 3w)

4. (9m3 1 1)(4m2 2 1) 5. (2x 2 1 5x 2 2)(x 1 3) 6. (8n 2 2 1)(3n 2 2 4n 1 5)


7. (3p4 2 5)(2p 2 1 4) 8. (28r 3 1 2)(6r 2 2 1) 9. (25z 2 2 3)(22z 2 1 9)
10. xy(x 2 1 2y) 11. 23x(2xy 1 5y) 12. y 2(x 2 y 1 y 2 x )

13. (x 2 y)(5x 1 6y) 14. (xy 2 1 70)(3x 1 2y) 15. (x 2 2 4xy 1 y 2)(5xy)

Simplify the expression.


16. (7n 1 1)(3n 1 5) 1 (4n 2 2)(3n 1 1) 17. 5w 2(3w 3 2 2w 1 1) 1 w 4 (w 2 2 2w 1 3)

Write a polynomial for the area of the shaded region.


18. 19.

x13 x11 8

2x

x14 12

20. Car Production During the period 1995–2002, the number of cars C (in thousands)
produced in the U.S. and the average price P (in dollars) spent on one of these cars
can be modeled by

LESSON 9.2
C 5 2198.02t 1 6320.49 and P 5 1.67t 4 2 22.28t 3 1 44.84t 2 1 531.16t 1 16,860
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

where t is the number of years since 1995.


a. Write an equation that models the total amount spent (in thousands of dollars)
on new cars in the U.S. by consumers as a function of the number of years since
1995.
b. How much money was spent in the U.S. on new cars by consumers in 1995?

21. Sporting Goods Equipment During the period 1990–2002, the amount of money
E (in millions of dollars) spent on sporting goods equipment in the U.S. and the
percent P (in decimal form) of this amount that is spent on exercise equipment can
be modeled by
E 5 25.56t 4 1 149.93t 3 2 1314.65t 2 1 4396.75t 1 14,439.09
and P 5 20.00002t 4 2 0.0005t 3 1 0.0028t 2 1 0.001t 1 0.126
where t is the number of years since 1990.
a. Find the values of E and P for t 5 0. What does the product E p P mean for
t = 0 in the context of this problem?
b. Write an equation that models the amount spent (in millions of dollars) on
exercise equipment as a function of the number of years since 1990.
c. How much money was spent in the U.S. on exercise equipment in 1990?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 131
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.2 For use with pages 579–586

GOAL Multiply polynomials.

EXAMPLE 1 Multiply a monomial and a polynomial


Find the product 5x 4(2x 3 2 3x 2 1 x 2 6).

Solution
5x4(2x3 2 3x2 1 x 2 6) Write product.
5 5x4(2x3) 2 5x4(3x2) 1 5x4(x) 2 5x4(6) Distributive property
7 6 5 4
5 10x 2 15x 1 5x 2 30x Product of powers property

Exercises for Example 1


Find the product.
1. 3x2(7x2 2 2x 1 3) 2. 4x5(3x3 2 2x2 2 8x 1 9)

EXAMPLE 2 Multiply polynomials vertically


Find the product (5m 2 2 2m 1 3)(2m 1 7).

Solution

STEP 1 Multiply by 7. STEP 2 Multiply by 2m. STEP 3 Add products.


2 2
5m2 2 2m 1 3
LESSON 9.2

5m 2 2m 1 3 5m 2 2m 1 3
3 2m 1 7 3 2m 1 7 3 2m 1 7

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


2 2
35m 2 14m 1 21 35m 2 14m 1 21 35m2 2 14m 1 21
10m 2 4m2 1 6m
3
10m3 2 4m2 1 6m
10m3 1 31m2 2 8m 1 21

EXAMPLE 3 Multiply polynomials horizontally


Find the product (9x 2 2 x 1 6)(5x 2 2).

Solution
(9x2 2 x 1 6)(5x 2 2) Write product.
5 9x2(5x 2 2) 2 x(5x 2 2) 1 6(5x 2 2) Distributive property
5 45x3 2 18x2 2 5x2 1 2x 1 30x 2 12 Distributive property
5 45x3 2 23x2 1 32x 2 12 Combine like terms.

Algebra 1
132 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.2 For use with pages 579–586

EXAMPLE 4 Multiply binomials using FOIL pattern


Find the product (2x 2 1)(7x 1 6).

Solution
(2x 2 1)(7x 1 6) Write product.
5 (2x)(7x) 1 (2x)(6) 1 (21)(7x) 1 (21)(6) Write product of terms.
5 14x2 1 12x 1 (27x) 1 (26) Multiply.
5 14x2 1 5x 2 6 Combine like terms.

Exercises for Examples 2, 3, and 4


Find the product.
3. (m2 1 6m 1 4)(3m 2 1) 4. (2n 1 7)(3n 1 4)

5. (2p2 2 p 1 6)( p 1 7) 6. (6q2 2 5q 2 4)(2q 2 3)


7. (5t 1 9)(3t 2 8) 8. (8s 2 7)(9s 2 7)

EXAMPLE 5 Standardized Test Practice


The dimensions of a rectangle are 3x 2 1 and x 1 5. Which expression
represents the area of the rectangle?
A 3x2 1 16x 2 5 B 3x2 1 14x 2 4 C 3x2 1 14x 2 5 D 4x 1 4

LESSON 9.2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solution
Area 5 length p width Formula for area of a rectangle
5 (3x 2 1)(x 1 5) Substitute for length and width.
5 (3x)(x) 1 (3x)(5) 1 (21)(x) 1 (21)(5) Use FOIL pattern.
5 3x2 1 15x 1 (2x) 1 (25) Multiply.
5 3x2 1 14x 2 5 Combine like terms.
The correct answer is C.

Exercise for Example 5


9. The dimensions of a rectangle are y 1 9 and 2y 2 3. Write an expression for
the area of the rectangle.

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 133
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.2 For use with pages 579–586

In Exercises 1–5, find the product and simplify.


1. (x3 1 2x)(x4 1 x2)
2. (3y 2 y3)( y4 1 y)
3. (2x3 1 2y)(x4 1 2y3)
4. x3(x5 1 4x3)(2x4 1 3x2)

5. (x2 1 1)(x 1 2)(x2 1 2)

In Exercises 6–10, simplify the expression and write the result as a


polynomial in standard form.
6. x(x2 1 2x) 2 x2(x 1 2)

7. (x 1 1)(x 1 1) 2 (x 2 1)(x 2 1)

8. (x2 1 1)(x2 1 1) 2 (x2 2 1)(x2 2 1)


9. (2x2 1 3x 2 1)(x 2 1) 2 2x(x 1 1)
10. (x 1 3)(2x2 1 2) 1 2(x 1 1)(x 2 2) 1 3

In Exercises 11–13, use the following information.


A ship storage compartment is being designed to carry trailers, each of which has
dimensions 50 feet long by 9 feet tall by 8 feet wide. It is decided that the storage
container will have dimensions 50x 1 150 feet long by 9x tall by 8x 1 16 feet wide.
11. Write an expression for the volume of the storage compartment in terms of x.
LESSON 9.2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


12. Simplify the expression found in Exercise 11 and write it as a polynomial
in standard form.
13. If x is 4, how many trailers will fit inside the storage compartment?

Algebra 1
134 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.3 For use with pages 5872592

Find the missing term.


1. (a 2 b)2 5 a 2 2 ? 1 b2 2. (m 1 n)2 5 m 2 1 ? 1 n2
3. (x 2 1)2 5 x 2 2 ? 11 4. (x 1 5)2 5 x 2 1 ? 1 25
5. (x 2 y)(x 1 y) 5 x 2 2 ? 6. (x 2 3)(x 1 3) 5 x 2 2 ?

Match the product with its polynomial.


7. (2x 1 3)(2x 2 3) 8. (2x 1 3)2 9. (2x 2 3)2

A. 4x 2 1 12x 1 9 B. 4x 2 2 12x 1 9 C. 4x 2 2 9

Find the product of the square of the binomial.


10. (x 1 4)2 11. (m 2 8)2 12. (a 1 10)2

13. (p 2 12)2 14. (2y 1 1)2 15. (3y 2 1)2

16. (10r 2 1)2 17. (4n 1 2)2 18. (3c 2 2)2

Find the product of the sum and difference.


19. (z 1 5)(z 2 5) 20. (b 2 2)(b 1 2) 21. (n 2 8)(n 1 8)

22. (a 1 10)(a 2 10) 23. (2x 1 1)(2x 2 1) 24. (5m 2 1)(5m 1 1)

25. (4d 1 1)(4d 2 1) 26. (3p 1 2)(3p 2 2) 27. (2r 2 3)(2r 1 3)

Describe how you can use mental math to find the product.
28. 13 p 7 29. 24 p 36 30. 51 p 69
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

31. Total Profit For 1995 through 2005, the number N of units (in thousands)
produced by a manufacturing plant can be modeled by N 5 3t 1 2 and the
profit per unit P (in dollars) can be modeled by P 5 3t 2 2 where t is the
number of years since 1995. Write a polynomial that models the total profit T
(in thousands of dollars).
32. Eye Color In humans, the brown eye gene B is dominant Mother
and the blue eye gene b is recessive. This means that humans B b
whose eye genes are BB, Bb, or bB have brown eyes and
those with bb have blue eyes. The Punnett square at the right
LESSON 9.3

B BB Bb
shows the results of eye colors for children of parents who
Father

each have one B gene and one b gene.


a. Write a polynomial that models the possible gene b bB bb
combinations of a child.
b. What percent of the possible gene combinations results
in a child with blue eyes?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 135
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.3 For use with pages 5872592

Find the product of the square of the binomial.


1. (x 2 9)2 2. (m 1 11)2 3. (5s 1 2)2

4. (3m 1 7)2 5. (4p 2 5)2 6. (7a 2 6)2

7. (10z 2 3)2 8. (2x 1 y)2 9. (3y 2 x)2

Find the product of the sum and difference.


10. (a 2 9)(a 1 9) 11. (z 2 20)(z 1 20) 12. (5r 1 1)(5r 2 1)

13. (6m 1 10)(6m 2 10) 14. (7p 2 2)(7p 1 2) 15. (9c 2 1)(9c 1 1)

16. (4x 1 3)(4x 2 3) 17. (4 2 w)(4 1 w) 18. (5 2 2y)(5 1 2y)

Describe how you can use mental math to find the product.
19. 15 p 25 20. 43 p 57 21. 182

Perform the indicated operation using the functions f(x) 5 4x 1 0.5 and
g(x) 5 4x 2 0.5.
22. f(x) p g(x) 23. (f(x))2 24. (g(x))2

25. Pea Plants In pea plants, the gene S is for spherical seed shape, and the gene s is
for wrinkled seed shape. Any gene combination with an S results in a spherical seed
shape. Suppose two pea plants have the same gene combination Ss.
a. Make a Punnett square that shows the possible gene combinations of an offspring
pea plant and the resulting seed shape.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


b. Write a polynomial that models the possible gene combinations of an offspring
pea plant.
c. What percent of the possible gene combinations of the offspring results in a
wrinkled seed shape?

26. Basketball Statistics You are on the basketball team Made Missed
and you want to figure out some statistics about foul
shots. The area model shows the possible outcomes of Made
two attempted foul shots.
a. What percent of the two possible outcomes of two
attempted foul shots results in you making at least
LESSON 9.3

Missed
one foul shot? Explain how you found your answer
using the table.
b. Show how you could use a polynomial to model the
possible results of two attempted foul shots.

Algebra 1
136 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.3 For use with pages 5872592

Find the product.


1. (8x 2 5)2 2. (4p 1 4)2 3. (10m 2 11)2

4. (11s 2 10)2 5. (20b 2 15)2 6. (m 1 4n)2

7. (r 2 8s)2 8. (10a 1 3b)2 9. (2x 2 4y)2

10. (8p 2 3)(8p 1 3) 11. (11t 1 4)(11t 2 4) 12. (7n 2 5)(7n 1 5)

13. (9z 1 12)(9z 2 12) 14. (15 2 w)(15 1 w) 15. (6 2 5p)(6 1 5p)

16. (20 2 3m)(20 1 3m) 17. (10a 2 5b)(10a 1 5b) 18. (4x 2 3y)(4x 1 3y)

Describe how you can use mental math to find the product.
19. 36 p 44 20. 232 21. 492

Perform the indicated operation using the functions f(x) 5 9x 2 0.5 and
g(x) 5 9x 1 0.5.
22. f(x) p g(x) 23. (f(x) 1 g(x))2 24. (f(x) 2 g(x))2

25. Write two binomials that have the product x 2 2 144. Explain how you found
your answer.
26. Write a pattern for the cube of a binomial (a 2 b)3. Justify.

27. Soccer Statistics You are on the soccer team and you want Made Missed
to figure out some statistics about attempted goals. The area
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

model shows the possible outcomes of two attempted goals. Made


a. What percent of the two possible outcomes of two
attempted goals results in you making at least one
goal? Explain how you found your answer using Missed
the table.
b. Show how you could use a polynomial to model the
possible results of two attempted goals.
28. Greenhouse You are drawing up a plan to build a greenhouse
in the shape of a rectangular prism. The height of the greenhouse
is constant at 8 feet tall. You have 144 feet of material to form the 8 ft
LESSON 9.3

base of the greenhouse into a square with a side length of 12 feet.


You want to change the dimensions of the enclosed region. For
every 1 foot you increase the width, you must decrease the
length by 1 foot. Write a polynomial that gives the volume of
the prism after you increase the width by x feet and decrease the
length by x feet. Explain why any change in dimensions results
in a volume less than that of the original prism.

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 137
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.3 For use with pages 587– 592

GOAL Use special product patterns to multiply polynomials.

Square of a Binomial Pattern


Algebra Example
(a 1 b)2 5 a2 1 2ab 1 b2 (x 1 3)2 5 x2 1 6x 1 9

(a 2 b)2 5 a2 2 2ab 1 b2 (3x 2 2)2 5 9x2 2 12x 1 4

EXAMPLE 1 Use the square of a binomial pattern


Find the product.
a. (7x 1 2)2 b. (6x 2 5y)2

Solution
a. (7x 1 2)2 5 (7x)2 1 2(7x)(2) 1 22 Square of a binomial pattern
5 49x2 1 28x 1 4 Simplify.

b. (6x 2 5y)2 5 (6x)2 2 2(6x)(5y) 1 (5y)2 Square of a binomial pattern


5 36x 2 60xy 1 25y
2 2
Simplify.

Exercises for Example 1


Find the product.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1. ( y 1 9)2

2. (3z 1 7)2

3. (2w 2 3)2

4. (10r 2 3s)2

Sum and Difference Pattern


Algebra Example
(a 1 b)(a 2 b) 5 a 2 b
2 2
(x 1 5)(x 2 5) 5 x2 2 25
LESSON 9.3

Algebra 1
138 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.3 For use with pages 587–592

EXAMPLE 2 Use the sum and difference pattern


Find the product.
a. (m 1 9)(m 2 9) b. (4n 2 3)(4n 1 3)

Solution
a. (m 1 9)(m 2 9) 5 m2 2 92 Sum and difference pattern
5 m2 2 81 Simplify.

b. (4n 2 3)(4n 1 3) 5 (4n)2 2 32 Sum and difference pattern


5 16n2 2 9 Simplify.

Exercises for Example 2


Find the product.
5. (g 1 11)(g 2 11)

6. (7f 2 1)(7f 1 1)

7. (2h 1 9)(2h 2 9)

8. (6k 2 8)(6k 1 8)

EXAMPLE 3 Use special products and mental math


Use special products to find the product of 37 p 43.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solution
Notice that 37 is 3 less than 40 while 43 is 3 more than 40.
37 p 43 5 (40 2 3)(40 1 3) Write as a product of difference and sum.
5 402 2 32 Sum and difference pattern
5 1600 2 9 Evaluate powers.
5 1591 Simplify.

Exercises for Example 3


LESSON 9.3

Describe how you can use special products to find the product.
9. 552

10. 31 p 49

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 139
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.3 For use with pages 587–592

In Exercises 1–5, simplify by multiplying and then adding and subtracting.


Write the result as a polynomial in standard form.
1. (2x 1 3)2 1 (2x 2 3)2
2. (2x2 1 1)2 1 (x2 1 2)2
3. (ax 1 by)2 1 (ax 2 by)2

4. (ax2 1 by2)2 1 (ax2 2 by2)2


5. (x 1 5)2 2 (x 2 25)(x 1 1)

6. Show that (a 2 b 1 c)2 5 a2 1 b2 1 c2 2 2ab 1 2ac 2 2bc.

In Exercises 7 and 8, use the result from Exercise 6 to find the product.
7. (3x 2 2y 1 5z)2

8. (ax 2 by 1 cz)2

In Exercises 9–12, assume x is a positive integer.


9. Find an expression for the product of three consecutive even integers, with 2x as the
smallest of the three integers. Write the result as a polynomial in standard form.
10. Explain why the result from Exercise 9 is an even number.

11. Find an expression for the product of three consecutive odd integers, with 2x 1 1 as
the smallest of the three integers. Write the result as a polynomial in standard form.
12. Explain why the result from Exercise 11 is an odd number.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


LESSON 9.3

Algebra 1
140 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.4 For use with pages 5932598

Match the equation with its solutions.

LESSON 9.4
1. (x 1 4)(x 1 5) 5 0 A. 25 and 4

2. (x 2 4)(x 1 5) 5 0 B. 25 and 24

3. (x 2 5)(x 2 4) 5 0 C. 4 and 5

Solve the equation.


4. (x 1 6)(x 1 2) 5 0 5. (p 2 5)(p 1 3) 5 0 6. (b 2 7)(b 2 10) 5 0

7. (m 2 8)(m 1 1) 5 0 8. (a 2 9)(a 1 9) 5 0 9. (y 1 15)(y 1 12) 5 0

10. (c 2 25)(c 1 50) 5 0 11. (2z 2 2)(z 1 3) 5 0 12. (2n 2 6)(n 2 2) 5 0

Factor out the greatest common monomial factor.


13. 4m 2 2 14. 5x 2 10 15. 6y 1 15

16. 8x 1 8y 17. 7a 2 7b 18. 2a 1 10b

19. 9m 2 18n 20. 15p 2 3q 21. 12x 1 4y

22. 2c 2 1 4c 23. 9m3 1 m2 24. 2w2 1 4w

Match the equation with its solutions.


25. 4a 2 1 a 5 0 A. 0 and 4

26. a 2 1 4a 5 0 B. 0 and 24

1
27. a 2 2 4a 5 0 C. 0 and 2}
4
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solve the equation.


28. a 2 1 8a 5 0 29. n2 2 7n 5 0 30. 2w 2 1 2w 5 0

31. 3p2 2 3p 5 0 32. 4c 2 2 8c 5 0 33. 5x 2 1 10x 5 0

34. Hot Air Balloon An object is dropped from a hot-air balloon 1296 feet above the
ground. The height of the object is given by
h 5 216(t 2 9)(t 1 9)
where the height h is measured in feet, and the time t is measured in seconds.
After how many seconds will the object hit the ground?
35. Kickball A kickball is kicked upward with an initial vertical velocity of 3.2 meters
per second. The height of the ball is given by
h 5 29.8t 2 1 3.2t
where the height h is measured in meters, and the time t is measured in seconds.
After how many seconds does the ball land?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 141
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.4 For use with pages 5932598

Solve the equation.


LESSON 9.4

1. (x 1 14)(x 2 3) 5 0 2. (m 2 12)(m 1 5) 5 0 3. (p 1 15)(p 1 24) 5 0

4. (n 2 8)(n 2 9) 5 0 1 1
2
5. (d 1 8) d 2 } 5 0
2
6. 1 c 1 }34 2(c 2 6) 5 0
7. (2z 2 8)(z 1 5) 5 0 8. (y 2 3)(5y 1 10) 5 0 9. (6b 2 4)(b 2 8) 5 0

10. (8x 1 4)(6x 2 3) 5 0 11. (3x 1 9)(6x 2 3) 5 0 12. (4x 1 5)(4x 2 5) 5 0

Factor out the greatest common monomial factor.


13. 10x 2 10y 14. 8x 2 1 20y 15. 18a2 2 6b

16. 4x 2 2 4x 17. r 2 1 2rs 18. 2m2 1 6mn

19. 5p2q 1 10q 20. 9a5 1 a3 21. 6w 3 2 14w2

Solve the equation.


22. m2 2 10m 5 0 23. b2 1 14b 5 0 24. 5w 2 2 5w 5 0

25. 24k 2 1 24k 5 0 26. 8r 2 2 24r 5 0 27. 9p2 1 18p 5 0

28. 6n2 2 15n 5 0 29. 28y 2 2 10y 5 0 30. 210b 2 1 25b 5 0

31. 8c 2 5 4c 32. 30r 2 5 215r 33. 224y 2 5 9y

34. Diving Board A diver jumps from a diving board that is 24 feet above the water.
The height of the diver is given by
h 5 216(t 2 1.5)(t 1 1)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


where the height h is measured in feet, and the time t is measured in seconds. When
will the diver hit the water? Can you see a quick way to find the answer? Explain.

35. Dog To catch a frisbee, a dog leaps into the air with an initial velocity of 14 feet
per second.
a. Write a model for the height of the dog above the ground.
b. After how many seconds does the dog land on the ground?

36. Desktop Areas You have two components to the desktop w


where you do your homework that fit together into an
L shape. The two components have the same area. 3 ft
a. Write an equation that relates the areas of the desktop
components.
w
b. Find the value of w.
c. What is the combined area of the desktop components? 7 ft

Algebra 1
142 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.4 For use with pages 5932598

Solve the equation.

LESSON 9.4
2 5 3
1 2
1. (x 1 3) x 2 } 5 0
5
2. 1 m 2 }2 2 1 m 1 }2 2 5 0 3. (4b 1 16)(b 2 6) 5 0

4. (7a 2 14)(a 1 8) 5 0 5. (2y 1 3)(y 2 9) 5 0 6. (5z 2 8)(3z 1 2) 5 0

7. (9w 2 2)(7w 2 3) 5 0 8. (8 2 2c)(5c 1 1) 5 0 9. (9 2 8r)(10 2 4r) 5 0

Factor out the greatest common monomial factor.


10. 9x 2 2 21y 11. 4m3 1 24m 12. 10p2q 2 5pq2

13. 6x 3y 1 9y 2 14. 35a2b2 2 5ab 15. 12m2n 2 8mn2

16. w 4 2 2w 3 1 w 17. 23p4 1 15p2 1 6p 18. 8r 5 2 20r 4 2 12r 2

Solve the equation.


19. 12a2 2 9a 5 0 20. 18x 2 1 12x 5 0 21. 6z 2 2 8z 5 0

22. 20p2 5 224p 23. 228m2 5 14m 24. 230r 2 5 225r

25. 100m2 5 26m 26. 15y 2 50y 2 5 0 27. 26w 1 34w 2 5 0

Find the zeros of the function.


28. f (x) 5 228x 2 1 7x 29. f (x) 5 29x 2 1 4x 30. f (x) 5 5x 2 2 3x

31. Fish A fish jumps out of the water while swimming. The height h (in feet) of the
fish can be modeled by h 5 216t 2 1 3.5t where t is the time (in seconds) since the
fish jumped out of the water.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a. Find the zeros of the function. Explain what the zeros mean in this situation.
b. What is a reasonable domain for the function? Explain your answer.

32. Storage Structure The cross section of a wooden storage y Center of


structure can be modeled by the polynomial function 70
structure
3
y 5 2}
80
(2x 2 40)(2x 1 40) 50

where x and y are measured in feet, and the center of the


30
structure is where x 5 0.
a. Explain how to use the algebraic model to find the 10
width of the structure.
215 25 5 15 x
b. Use the model to find the structure’s width. Show
your work
c. Use the model to find the coordinates of the center of
the structure. Show your work.

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 143
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.4 For use with pages 593– 598

GOAL Solve polynomial equations.


LESSON 9.4

Vocabulary
The zero-product property is used to solve an equation when one
side is zero and the other side is a product of polynomial factors.
The solutions of such an equation are also called roots.
The height of a projectile can be described by the vertical motion
model: h 5 216t 2 1 vt 1 s, where t is the time (in seconds) the
object has been in the air, v is the initial vertical velocity (in feet per
second), and s is the initial height (in feet).

EXAMPLE 1 Use the zero-product property


Solve (x 2 3)(x 1 6) 5 0.

Solution
(x 2 3)(x 1 6) 5 0 Write original equation.
x2350 or x1650 Zero-product property
x53 or x 5 26 Solve for x.
The roots of the equation are 3 and 26.
CHECK Substitute each root into the original equation to check.
(3 2 3)(3 1 6) 0 0 (26 2 3)(26 1 6) 0 0

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


0p9 00 29 p 0 0 0
050✓ 050✓

Exercises for Example 1


Solve the equation.
1. (m 2 7)(m 2 9) 5 0 2. (5n 1 10)(4n 1 12) 5 0

EXAMPLE 2 Solve an equation by factoring


Solve 6x 2 1 12x 5 0.
6x2 1 12x 5 0 Write original equation.
6x(x 1 2) 5 0 Factor left side.
6x 5 0 or x1250 Zero-product property
x50 or x 5 22 Solve for x.
The roots of the equation are 0 and 22.

Algebra 1
144 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.4 For use with pages 593– 598

EXAMPLE 3 Solve an equation by factoring

LESSON 9.4
Solve 9y 2 5 21y.
9y2 5 21y Write original equation.
9y2 2 21y 5 0 Subtract 21y from each side.
3y(3y 2 7) 5 0 Factor left side.
3y 5 0 or 3y 2 7 5 0 Zero-product property
7
y50 or y 5 }3 Solve for y.

7
The roots of the equation are 0 and }3.

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


Solve the equation.
3. q2 1 16q 5 0 4. 4k 2 2 8k 5 0 5. 12h2 5 36h

EXAMPLE 4 Solve a multi-step problem


Jump Rope A child jumping rope leaves the ground at an initial vertical velocity
of 8 feet per second. After how many seconds does the child land on the ground?

Solution

STEP 1 Write a model for the height above the ground.


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

h 5 216t 2 1 vt 1 s Vertical motion model


h 5 216t 2 1 8t 1 0 Substitute 8 for v and 0 for s.
h 5 216t 2 1 8t Simplify.

STEP 2 Substitute 0 for h. When the child lands, the child’s height above the
ground is 0 feet. Solve for t.
0 5 216t2 1 8t Substitute 0 for h.
0 5 8t(22t 1 1) Factor right side.
8t 5 0 or 22t 1 1 5 0 Zero-product property
1
t50 or t 5 }2 Solve for t.

1
The child lands on the ground }2 second after the child jumps.

Exercise for Example 4


6. In Example 4, suppose the initial velocity is 10 feet per second. After how
many seconds will the child land on the ground?
Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 145
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
9.1–9.4
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 5722598
LESSON 9.4

1. Multi-Step Problem You are making a 4. Gridded Response During the period
scrapbook out of pictures that are 7 inches 1997–2003, the total number N (in
long and 5 inches wide. You want to place a thousands) of mechanics employed by the
border of equal width on each edge. airline industry can be modeled by
a. Write a polynomial that represents N 5 21.16t 2 1 5.51t 1 65.34
the total area of the picture with the
border. where t is the number of years since 1997.
b. Find the total area of the picture with What is the degree of the polynomial that
border when the width of the border is represents N?
2 inches. 5. Short Response The height h (in feet)
2. Multi-Step Problem During the period of a kangaroo’s jump can be modeled by
199722002, the sporting goods sales S h 5 216t 2 1 18t where t is the time
(in millions of dollars) and the percent P (in seconds) since the kangaroo jumped
(in decimal form) of sporting goods sales off of the ground. Find the zeros of the
that are for exercise equipment can be function. Explain what the zeros mean in
modeled by this situation.

S 5 1990.5t 1 67,530 6. Short Response On Brian’s first vertical


jump, he has an initial vertical velocity of
P 5 0.0022t 1 0.0436 40 inches per second. On his second vertical
jump, Brian has an initial vertical velocity
where t is the number of years since 1997.
of 35 inches per second. For which jump
a. Write an equation that models the is Brian in the air for more time? Justify
sales (in millions of dollars) of your answer.
exercise equipment as a function of
the number of years since 1997. 7. Extended Response During the period

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1999–2003, the retail sales F (in millions of
b. Find the amount of exercise
dollars) for flower gardening and the retail
equipment sales in 2001.
sales V (in millions of dollars) for vegetable
3. Open-Ended In flowers, the gene P is for gardening can be modeled by
purple coloring and the gene w is for white
coloring. Any gene combination with a P F 5 93.4t 3 2 642.5t 2 1 837.6t 1 3956.5
results in purple coloring.
V 5 50.9t 3 2 198.6t 2 2 317.1t 1 2602.8
a. Suppose one flower has the gene
combination Pw. Choose a color gene where t is the number of years since 1999.
combination for another flower. Create a. Write an equation that models the
a Punnett square to show the possible total retail sales S (in millions of
gene combinations of an offspring dollars) of flower gardening and
flower. vegetable gardening as a function of
b. What percent of the possible gene the number of years since 1999.
combinations of the offspring result in b. Find the total retail sales in these types
purple coloring? of gardening in 1999 and 2003.
c. Show how you could use a polynomial c. What was the average rate of change
to model the possible color gene in total retail sales from 1999 to 2003?
combinations of the offspring. Explain how you found this rate.

Algebra 1
146 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.4 For use with pages 593–598

In Exercises 1–5, find a polynomial that has these given roots. Write the

LESSON 9.4
result as a polynomial with x as the variable, in both factored form and
standard form.
1. 1, 2, 3

2. 21, 0, 1

3. 0, 0, 1, 1

1
4. 0, } , 2
2
2
5. 21, 2} , 23
3

6. A rectangular pool whose long side is twice as long as its narrow side is being built.
There will be a paved border around all sides of the pool that is 5 feet wide around
three sides and 10 feet wide around one of the narrow ends to accommodate a diving
platform. The total area of the pool and the border is 1650 square feet. Write an
equation for the area of the pool and border where x represents the length of the
short side of the pool.
7. In Exercise 6, find the length of the sides of the pool.

8. Consider the equation x3 2 xy 2 5 0. What are the possible values of x and y that
make the equation hold true?
9. Consider the equation x4 2 x2y 2 5 0. What are the possible values of x and y that
make the equation hold true?
10. Consider the equation (x2 1 y2)(x2 2 y2) 5 0. What are the possible values of x and
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y that make the equation hold true?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 147
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.5 For use with pages 600–607

Match the trinomial with its correct factorization.


1. x 2 2 4x 2 12 2. x 2 2 x 2 12 3. x 2 1 4x 2 12

A. (x 1 6)(x 2 2) B. (x 2 6)(x 1 2) C. (x 1 3)(x 2 4)

Factor the trinomial.


4. x 2 1 6x 1 5 5. a2 1 10a 1 21 6. w 2 1 8w 1 15

7. p2 2 3p 2 10 8. c 2 1 10c 2 11 9. y 2 1 5y 2 14

10. n2 2 4n 1 3 11. b2 2 5b 1 6 12. r 2 2 12r 1 35

13. z 2 1 7z 1 12 14. s2 2 3s 2 18 15. d 2 2 5d 2 24


LESSON 9.5

Solve the equation.


16. x 2 1 5x 1 4 5 0 17. d 2 1 7d 1 10 5 0 18. p2 1 9p 1 14 5 0

19. w 2 2 12w 1 11 5 0 20. n2 2 n 2 6 5 0 21. a2 2 12a 1 35 5 0

22. y 2 2 4y 2 5 5 0 23. m2 1 2m 2 15 5 0 24. b2 1 6b 2 7 5 0

Match the equivalent equations.


25. s(s 2 6) 5 28 26. s(s 2 2) 5 8 27. s(s 1 2) 5 8

A. s2 2 2s 2 8 5 0 B. s2 1 2s 2 8 5 0 C. s2 2 6s 1 8 5 0

Solve the equation.


28. w(w 1 1) 5 12 29. x(x 2 3) 5 10 30. m(m 2 5) 5 6

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


31. b(b 1 4) 5 21 32. p(p 1 5) 5 36 33. r(r 2 3) 5 4

34. Boardwalk A boardwalk is being built along two sides


of a beach area. The beach area is rectangular with a
width of 80 feet and a length of 120 feet. The boardwalk
80 ft
will have the same width on each side of the beach area.
If the combined area of the beach and the boardwalk is
16,500 square feet, then the area can be modeled by
x ft
(x 1 80)(x 1 120) 5 16,500. How wide should the
boardwalk be? x ft 120 ft

35. Note Board Design You are designing a note board


that is made of corkboard and dry erase board. The Dry
Corkboard erase x ft
area of the corkboard is 6 square feet. board
a. Write an equation for the area of the corkboard.
b. Find the dimensions of the corkboard. (x 1 1) ft 1.5 ft

c. Find the area of the dry erase board.

Algebra 1
148 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.5 For use with pages 600–607

Factor the trinomial.


1. x 2 1 8x 1 7 2. b2 2 7b 1 10 3. w 2 2 12w 2 13

4. p2 1 10p 1 25 5. m2 2 10m 1 24 6. y 2 2 5y 2 24

7. a2 1 13a 1 36 8. n2 1 2n 2 48 9. z 2 2 14z 1 40

Solve the equation.


10. y 2 1 17y 1 72 5 0 11. a2 2 9a 2 36 5 0 12. w 2 2 13w 1 42 5 0

13. m2 2 5m 2 14 5 0 14. x 2 1 11x 1 24 5 0 15. n2 2 12n 1 27 5 0

16. d 2 1 5d 2 50 5 0 17. p2 1 16p 1 48 5 0 18. z 2 2 z 2 30 5 0

LESSON 9.5
Find the zeros of the polynomial function.
19. f(x) 5 x 2 2 5x 2 36 20. g(x) 5 x 2 1 8x 2 20 21. h(x) 5 x 2 2 11x 1 24

22. f(x) 5 x 2 1 11x 1 28 23. g(x) 5 x 2 1 11x 2 12 24. h(x) 5 x 2 1 3x 2 18

Solve the equation.


25. x(x 1 17) 5 260 26. p(p 2 4) 5 32 27. w(w 1 8) 5 215

28. n(n 1 6) 5 7 29. s2 2 3(s 1 2) 5 4 30. d 2 1 18(d 1 4) 5 29

31. Patio Area A community center is building a patio area x ft 100 ft


along two sides of its pool. The pool is rectangular with
a width of 50 feet and a length of 100 feet. The patio area
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

will have the same width on each side of the pool. 50 ft


a. Write a polynomial that represents the combined area
of the pool and the patio area.
x ft
b. The combined area of the pool and patio area should
be 8400 square feet. How wide should the patio area be?
32. Area Rug You are creating your own area rug from a x in.
square piece of remnant carpeting. You plan on cutting
3 in.
4 inches from the length and 3 inches from the
width. The area of the resulting area rug is 1056 square Area rug
inches. x in.
a. Write a polynomial that represents the area of your
area rug.
b. What is the perimeter of the original piece of remnant 4 in.
carpeting?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 149
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.5 For use with pages 600–607

Factor the trinomial.


1. x 2 2 x 2 56 2. m2 1 14m 1 48 3. y 2 2 15y 1 54

4. p2 1 12p 1 20 5. w 2 2 14w 1 45 6. x 2 1 2x 2 24

Solve the equation.


7. n2 2 11n 2 60 5 0 8. z 2 1 22z 1 121 5 0 9. c 2 2 24c 1 144 5 0

10. x 2 1 5x 2 500 5 0 11. b2 1 b 2 132 5 0 12. m2 1 17m 1 72 5 0

13. r 2 2 4r 2 60 5 0 14. p2 2 6p 2 72 5 0 15. y 2 2 16y 1 64 5 0

Find the zeros of the polynomial function.


16. f(x) 5 x 2 1 30x 1 225 17. h(x) 5 x 2 2 5x 2 150 18. g(x) 5 x 2 2 13x 1 30
LESSON 9.5

19. g(x) 5 x 2 2 10x 2 600 20. f (x) 5 x 2 1 16x 1 28 21. f (x) 5 x 2 1 13x 1 40

Solve the equation.


22. x(x 2 4) 5 21 23. b(b 1 2) 5 24 24. n(n 2 11) 5 224

25. x 2 1 13(x 1 2) 5 210 26. x 2 2 10(x 1 2) 5 4 27. y(y 2 15) 5 256


1
2 1
28. x 2 1 2 } x 2 10 5 0 2 29. x(x 1 17) 5 242 30. c(c 2 11) 5 218

31. Zoo Exhibit A zoo is building a walkway along two sides of x ft 400 ft
an exhibit. The exhibit is rectangular with a width of 400 feet
and a length of 200 feet. The walkway will have the same
200 ft

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


width on each side of the exhibit.
a. Write a polynomial that represents the combined area of
the exhibit and the walkway. x ft
b. The combined area of the exhibit and walkway should be
95,625 square feet. How wide should the walkway be?
c. If concrete costs $15 per square foot, how much will it
cost to pave the walkway?
32. Fish Pond A rectangular fish pond is positioned in the center
a ft
of a rectangular grassy area, as shown. The area of the pond is
2000 square feet.
(a 1 15) ft
a. Use the dimensions given in the diagram to find the
dimensions of the pond.
a ft
b. The combined area of the pond and the surrounding grassy
area is 9900 square feet. Find the length and width of the (a 1 25) ft
grassy area. (a 1 5) ft (a 1 5) ft

Algebra 1
150 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.5 For use with pages 600–607

GOAL Factor trinomials of the form x 2 1 bx 1 c.

EXAMPLE 1 Factor when b and c are positive


Factor x 2 1 10x 1 24.

Solution
Find two positive factors of 24 whose sum is 10. Make an organized list.

Factors of 24 Sum of factors

24, 1 24 1 1 5 25 ✗

LESSON 9.5
12, 2 12 1 2 5 14
8, 3 8 1 3 5 11 ✗
6, 4 6 1 4 5 10 correct sum

The factors 6 and 4 have a sum of 10, so they are the correct values of p and q.
x2 1 10x 1 24 5 (x 1 6)(x 1 4)

CHECK (x 1 6)(x 1 4) 5 x2 1 4x 1 6x 1 24 Multiply binomials.


5 x2 1 10x 1 24 ✓ Simplify.

EXAMPLE 2 Factor when b is negative and c is positive


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Factor w 2 2 10w 1 9.

Solution
Because b is negative and c is positive, p and q must be negative.

Factors of 9 Sum of factors

29, 21 29 1 (21) 5 210 correct sum

23, 23 23 1 (23) 5 26 ✗

The factors 29 and 21 have a sum of 210, so they are the correct values of p and q.
w2 2 10w 1 9 5 (x 2 9)(x 2 1)

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Factor the trinomial.

1. x2 1 10x 1 16 2. y 2 1 6y 1 5 3. z2 2 7z 1 12

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 151
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.5 For use with pages 600–607

EXAMPLE 3 Factor when b is positive and c is negative


Factor k 2 1 6x 2 7.

Solution
Because c is negative, p and q must have different signs.

Factors of 7 Sum of factors

27, 1 27 1 1 5 26 ✗
7, 21 7 1 (21) 5 6 correct sum

The factors 7 and 21 have a sum of 6, so they are the correct values of p and q.
LESSON 9.5

k 2 1 6k 2 7 5 (x 1 7)(x 2 1)

Exercises for Example 3


Factor the trinomial.
4. x2 2 10x 2 11

5. y 2 1 2y 2 63

6. z 2 2 5z 2 36

EXAMPLE 4 Solve a polynomial equation


Solve the equation h2 2 4h 5 21.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Solution
h2 2 4h 5 21 Write original equation.
h2 2 4h 2 21 5 0 Subtract 21 from each side.
(h 1 3)(h 2 7) 5 0 Factor left side.
h1350 or h2750 Zero-product property
h 5 23 or h57 Solve for h.
The roots of the equation are 23 and 7.

Exercise for Example 4


7. Solve the equation x2 1 30 5 11x.

Algebra 1
152 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.5 For use with pages 600–607

In Exercises 1–5, use the given factor formula and the substitution method
to factor the expression.
x2 1 (a 1 b)x 1 ab 5 (x 1 a)(x 1 b)
Example: y 1 y1/2 2 6

Solution: Let x 5 y1/2. Then x2 5 y and the expression y 1 y1/2 2 6 becomes x2 1 x 2 6.


Now factor this expression using the given factor formula.
x 2 1 x 2 6 5 (x 1 3)(x 2 2)
Finally, replace x with y1/2.
(x 1 3)(x 2 2) 5 ( y1/2 1 3)( y1/2 2 2)

1. y 2/3 1 6y1/3 1 8

LESSON 9.5
2. y4 2 y 2 2 12

1 8
3. }2 2 } 2 9
y y
} }
4. Ïy 2
5 5
1 16Ï y 1 48
} }
5. Ïy 1 12Ï4 y 1 11
In Exercises 6–10, use substitution to factor, then solve for x.
6. x4 2 3x2 2 4 5 0

7. x4 2 13x2 1 36 5 0

1 1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

8. }2 2 } 2 12 5 0
x x
}
9. x 2 Ï x 2 6 5 0

10. x4 2 16x2 1 48 5 0

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 153
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.6 For use with pages 610–617

Match the trinomial with its correct factorization.


1. 4x 2 2 2x 2 2 A. (4x 1 1)(x 2 2)

2. 4x 2 2 7x 2 2 B. (2x 1 1)(2x 2 2)

3. 4x 2 1 7x 2 2 C. (4x 2 1)(x 1 2)

Factor the trinomial.


4. 2x 2 2 2x 1 15 5. 2m2 1 3m 2 2 6. 2p 2 1 5p 1 14

7. 2w 2 1 7w 1 3 8. 3y 2 1 5y 1 2 9. 2b2 1 b 2 1

10. 3n2 2 3 11. 5a 2 1 13a 2 6 12. 2z 2 1 9z 2 5

13. 7d 2 2 15d 1 2 14. 2r 2 2 12r 1 10 15. 6s2 2 13s 1 2

Solve the equation.


16. 2x 2 1 7x 2 15 5 0 17. 3n2 1 13n 1 4 5 0 18. 4b2 1 2b 2 2 5 0

19. 2m2 1 5m 2 3 5 0 20. 3p2 1 11p 2 4 5 0 21. 3y 2 1 11y 1 10 5 0

22. 4r 2 1 8r 1 3 5 0 23. 9w 2 1 3w 2 2 5 0 24. 5a 2 2 8a 2 4 5 0

25. 3c 2 1 19c 2 14 5 0 26. 8z 2 1 6z 1 1 5 0 27. 12d 2 1 14d 2 6 5 0

Find the zeros of the polynomial function.


28. f(x) 5 2x 2 2 4x 1 5 29. g(x) 5 3x 2 2 13x 2 10 30. h(x) 5 22x 2 1 9x 1 5
LESSON 9.6

31. g(x) 5 2x 2 1 5x 2 6 32. f (x) 5 4x 2 2 9x 1 2 33. g(x) 5 22x 2 2 9x 1 18

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


34. h(x) 5 2x 2 1 7x 2 4 35. h(x) 5 6x 2 1 3x 2 9 36. f (x) 5 24x 2 2 9x 2 2

37. Ball Toss A ball is tossed into the air from a height of 8 feet with an initial
velocity of 8 feet per second. Find the time t (in seconds) it takes for the
object to reach the ground by solving the equation 216t 2 1 8t 1 8 5 0.
38. Wallpaper You trimmed a large strip of wallpaper from a scrap
to fit into the corner of a wall you are wallpapering. You trimmed
15 inches from the length and 6 inches from the width. The area
of the resulting strip of wallpaper is 684 square inches.
a. If the length of the original strip of wallpaper is four times the
original width, write a polynomial that represents the area of (4x 2 15) in.
the trimmed strip of wallpaper. 4x in.
b. What are the dimensions of the original scrap of wallpaper?

(x 2 6) in.

x in.
Algebra 1
154 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.6 For use with pages 610–617

Factor the trinomial.


1. 2x 2 2 3x 1 28 2. 2p2 1 8p 2 12 3. 2m2 2 13m 2 40

4. 2y 2 1 15y 1 7 5. 3a 2 2 13a 1 4 6. 5d 2 2 18d 2 8

7. 6c 2 1 7c 1 2 8. 10n2 2 26n 1 12 9. 12w 2 1 8w 2 15

10. 22b2 2 5b 1 12 11. 23r 2 2 17r 2 10 12. 24s2 1 6s 1 4

Solve the equation.


13. 2x 2 1 x 1 20 5 0 14. 2m2 2 10m 2 16 5 0 15. 2p2 1 13p 2 42 5 0

16. 2c 2 2 11c 1 5 5 0 17. 2y 2 1 y 2 10 5 0 18. 16r 2 1 18r 1 5 5 0

19. 3w 2 1 19w 1 6 5 0 20. 12n2 2 11n 1 2 5 0 21. 15a2 2 2a 2 8 5 0

22. 22x 2 2 9x 2 4 5 0 23. 23s2 2 s 1 10 5 0 24. 8d 2 2 6d 2 5 5 0

Find the zeros of the polynomial function.


25. f(x) 5 2x 2 1 6x 1 27 26. f (x) 5 6x2 1 45x 2 24 27. f (x) 5 23x 2 2 14x 1 24

28. f(x) 5 22x 2 1 2x 1 4 29. f (x) 5 3x 2 2 17x 1 20 30. f (x) 5 8x 2 1 53x 2 21

31. f(x) 5 4x 2 1 29x 1 30 32. f (x) 5 22x 2 2 17x 1 30 33. f (x) 5 10x 2 1 5x 2 5

34. Summer Business Your weekly revenue R (in dollars) from your tie-dye T-shirt
business can be modeled by

LESSON 9.6
R 5 22t 2 1 87t 1 90
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

where t represents the number of weeks since the first week you started selling
T-shirts. How much did you make your first week?
35. Cliff Diving A cliff diver jumps from a ledge 96 feet above the ocean with an initial
upward velocity of 16 feet per second. How long will it take until the diver enters
the water?
36. Wall Mirror You plan on making a wall hanging that contains two 2 in.
small mirrors as shown. 2 in.

a. Write a polynomial that represents the area of the wall hanging.


b. The area of the wall hanging will be 480 square inches. Find the 2x in.
length and width of the mirrors you will use.
x in.
4 in.

2x in.

x in.

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 155
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.6 For use with pages 610–617

Factor the trinomial.


1. 2x 2 2 11x 1 180 2. 22m2 1 19m 2 24 3. 23p2 1 26p 1 40

4. 8r 2 1 26r 1 15 5. 14b2 1 38b 2 12 6. 10y 2 2 36y 1 18

Solve the equation.


7. 232x 2 2 28x 1 15 5 0 8. 28n2 2 16n 2 6 5 0 9. 215s2 1 4s 1 4 5 0

10. 26p2 2 17p 2 5 5 0 11. 63m2 2 31m 2 10 5 0 12. 40r 2 2 42r 1 9 5 0

13. 16a2 2 2a 2 3 5 0 14. 215d 2 2 2d 1 8 5 0 15. 26y 2 1 32y 2 10 5 0

Find the zeros of the polynomial function.


16. f(x) 5 216x 2 1 50x 2 25 17. h(x) 5 220x 2 1 44x 2 21 18. h(x) 5 20x 2 1 18x 2 44

19. g(x) 5 236x 2 2 30x 2 6 20. f (x) 5 12x 2 1 8x 2 15 21. g(x) 5 21x 2 1 14x 2 7

Multiply each side of the equation by an appropriate power of 10 to obtain


integer coefficients. Then solve the equation.
22. 0.2x 2 2 0.3x 2 3.5 5 0 23. r 2 1 0.6r 2 0.4 5 0 24. 0.8m2 1 m 2 0.3 5 0

25. 20.5x2 1 1.2x 5 0.4 26. 1.2(p2 1 1) 5 2.5p 27. 20.36n2 1 0.6n 2 0.25 5 0

28. Baseball A baseball player releases a baseball at a height of 7 feet with an initial
velocity of 54 feet per second. How long will it take the ball to reach the ground?
LESSON 9.6

29. Rocket Launch A miniature rocket is launched off a roof 20 feet above the ground

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


with an initial velocity of 22 feet per second. How much time will elapse before the
rocket reaches the ground?
30. Frog Jump A frog jumps from the ground into the air with an initial vertical
velocity of 8 feet per second.
a. Write an equation that gives the frog’s height (in feet) as a function of the time
(in seconds) since it left the ground.
b. After how many seconds is the frog 12 inches above the ground?
c. Does the frog go any higher than 12 inches? Explain your reasoning using your
answer from part (b).
d. Suppose the frog now jumps from 4 feet above the ground with the same initial
vertical velocity. Write an equation that gives the frog’s height (in feet) as a
function of the time (in seconds) since it left the ground.
e. Should the frog reach the ground in the same time in both jumps? Explain why
or why not.

Algebra 1
156 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.6 For use with pages 610–617

GOAL Factor trinomials of the form ax 2 1 bx 1 c.

EXAMPLE 1 Factor when b is negative and c is positive


Factor 5n 2 2 12n 1 7.

Solution
Because b is negative and c is positive, both factors of c must be negative. Make a
table to organize your work.
You must consider the order of the factors of 7, because the x-terms of the possible
factorization are different.

Factors Factors Possible Middle term


of 5 of 7 factorization when multiplied

1, 5 21, 27 (n 2 1)(5n 2 7) 25n 2 7n 5 212n correct


1, 5 27, 21 (n 2 7)(5n 2 1) 2n 2 35n 5 236n ✗
5n2 2 12n 1 7 5 (n 2 1)(5n 2 7)

EXAMPLE 2 Factor when b is negative and c is negative


Factor 3m2 2 5m 2 22.

LESSON 9.6
Solution
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Because b is negative and c is negative, p and q must have different signs.

Factors Factors Possible Middle term


of 3 of 22 factorization when multiplied

1, 3 1, 222 (m 1 1)(3m 2 22) 3m 2 22m 5 219m ✗


1, 3 21, 22 (m 2 1)(3m 1 22) 22m 2 3m 5 19m ✗
1, 3 2, 211 (m 1 2)(3m 2 11) 211m 1 6m 5 25m correct
1, 3 211, 2 (m 2 11)(3m 1 2) 2m 2 33m 5 231m ✗
3m2 2 5m 2 22 5 (m 1 2)(3m 2 11)

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Factor the trinomial.
1. 7a2 2 50a 1 7 2. 4b2 2 8b 2 5 3. 6c2 1 5c 2 14

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 157
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.6 For use with pages 610–617

EXAMPLE 3 Factor when a is negative


Factor 22x 2 1 9x 2 9.

Solution

STEP 1 Factor 21 from each term of the trinomial.


22x2 1 9x 2 9 5 2(2x2 2 9x 1 9)

STEP 2 Factor the trinomial 2x2 2 9x 1 9. Because b is negative and c is positive,


both factors of c must be negative. Use a table to organize information about
the factors of a and c.

Factors Factors Possible Middle term


of 2 of 9 factorization when multiplied

1, 2 21, 29 (x 2 1)(2x 2 9) 29x 2 2x 5 211x ✗


1, 2 29, 21 (x 2 9)(2x 2 1) 2x 2 18x 5 219x ✗
1, 2 23, 23 (x 2 3)(2x 2 3) 23x 2 6x 5 29x correct

22x2 1 9x 2 9 5 2(x 2 3)(2x 2 3)

Exercises for Example 3


Factor the trinomial.
LESSON 9.6

4. 23r 2 2 7r 2 4

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


5. 23s2 1 8s 1 16

6. 28t2 1 6t 2 1

Algebra 1
158 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
9.6
Using Alternative Methods
For use with pages 6102617

Another Way to Solve Example 4 on page 613


Multiple Representations In Example 4 on page 613, you saw how to solve a
problem about a discus by factoring a quadratic equation. You can also solve the problem by
using a graph.

PROBLEM Discus An athlete throws a discus from an initial height of 6 feet and with an initial
vertical velocity of 46 feet per second. Write an equation that gives the height
(in feet) of the discus as a function of the time (in seconds) since it left the athlete’s
hand. After how many seconds does the discus hit the ground?

METHOD Using a Graph You can solve the problem by using a graph.
STEP 1 Use the vertical motion model to write an equation for the height h (in feet) of
the discus. In this case, v 5 46 and s 5 6.
h 5 216t 2 1 vt 1 s Vertical motion model
h 5 216t 2 1 46t 1 6 Substitute 46 for v and 6 for s.
STEP 2 Graph the equation for the height of the discus
using a graphing calculator. Graph
y1 5 216x 2 1 46x 1 6. Because you are
looking for when the discus hits the ground,
you need to find the time when the height is 0. Zero
X=3 Y=0

LESSON 9.6
STEP 3 Find the zeros of the graph by using the zero feature on your calculator. You only
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

need to consider positive values of x because a negative solution does not make
sense in this situation. There is a zero at (3, 0). The discus hits the ground after
3 seconds.

PRACTICE 1. Cliff Diving A cliff diver jumps from 3. Tennis A tennis ball is hit when it is
a ledge 88 feet above the ocean with an 6 feet off the ground with an initial
initial upward velocity of 12 feet per upward velocity of 20 feet per second.
second. How long will it take until the How long does it take for the tennis ball
diver enters the water? to hit the ground?
2. Error Analysis Describe and correct 4. Football You throw a football from a
the error made in Exercise 1. height of 6 feet into the air with an
initial vertical velocity of 12 feet per
216t2 2 12t 1 88 5 0
second. The football is caught at a
24(4t2 1 3t 2 22) 5 0 height of 2 feet. After how many
24(4t 1 11)(t 2 2) 5 0 seconds is the football caught?

The cliff diver enters the water after 5. What If? Suppose in Exercise 4 the
2 seconds. football is thrown with an initial vertical
velocity of 30 feet per second. After how
many seconds is the football caught?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 159
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.6 For use with pages 610–617

In Exercises 1–5, use the substitution method to factor the expression.


Example: 3y 1 11y1/2 2 4

Solution: Let x 5 y1/2. Then x2 5 y and the expression 3y 1 11y1/2 2 4 becomes


3x2 1 11x 2 4. Now factor this expression.
3x2 1 11x 2 4 5 (3x 2 1)(x 1 4)
Finally, replace x with y1/2.
(3x 2 1)(x 1 4) 5 (3y1/2 2 1)( y1/2 1 4)

1. 4y2/3 1 12y1/3 1 5

2. 8y4 2 10y2 2 3

9 12
3. }2 2 } 2 5
y y
}
3 3}
4. 7Ï y2 1 36Ï y 1 5
} }
4
5. 28Ï y 1 8Ï y 1 6
In Exercises 6 –10, use substitution to factor, then solve for x.

6. 6x6 1 x3 2 2 5 0

7. 9x4 2 12x2 2 5 5 0

5 28
8. }2 1 } 1 15 5 0
x x
LESSON 9.6

}
9. 3x 2 Ï x 2 14 5 0

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


10. 5x4 1 21x2 2 20 5 0

Algebra 1
160 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.7 For use with pages 6182623

Match the trinomial with its correct factorization.


1. x 2 2 25 2. x 2 1 10x 1 25 3. x 2 2 10x 1 25

A. (x 1 5)2 B. (x 2 5)(x 1 5) C. (x 2 5)2

Factor the difference of two squares.


4. x 2 2 1 5. b2 2 81 6. m2 2 100

7. p2 2 225 8. 4y 2 2 1 9. 16n2 2 25

10. 9w 2 2 100 11. 64z 2 2 36 12. 49d 2 2 25

13. 4r 2 2 121 14. 9s2 2 144 15. c 2 2 625

Factor the perfect square trinomial.


16. x 2 1 6x 1 9 17. b2 1 10b 1 25 18. w 2 2 12w 1 36

19. m2 2 8m 1 16 20. r 2 2 20r 1 100 21. z 2 1 16z 1 64

22. s2 1 22s 1 121 23. x 2 2 16x 1 64 24. 4c 2 1 4c 1 1

25. 16d 2 1 8d 1 1 26. 9y 2 2 6y 1 1 27. 9p2 2 12p 1 4

Solve the equation.


28. x 2 2 9 5 0 29. p2 1 14p 1 49 5 0 30. d 2 2 10d 1 25 5 0

31. 25m2 2 1 5 0 32. r 2 2 2r 1 1 5 0 33. n2 1 20n 1 100 5 0

34. 4y 2 2 9 5 0 35. 36x 2 2 64 5 0 36. w 2 1 4w 1 4 5 0


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

37. Washers Washers are available in many different sizes.


a. Write and factor an expression for the area of one side
of the washer. Leave your answer in terms of π. y
b. Find the area of one side of the washer when
x 5 8 centimeters and y 5 3 centimeters. x

38. Cherry Tree A cherry falls from a tree branch that is 9 feet above the ground.
LESSON 9.7

a. How far above the ground is the cherry after 0.2 second?
b. After how many seconds does the cherry reach the ground?

39. Wind Chime A wind chime falls from a roof that is 10 feet above the ground.
a. How far above the ground is the wind chime after 0.5 second?
b. After how many seconds does the wind chime reach the ground?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 161
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.7 For use with pages 6182623

Factor the polynomial.


1. x 2 2 36 2. 25p2 2 144 3. 4b2 2 100

4. 36m2 2 81 5. 22x 2 1 32 6. 24r 2 1 100s2

7. y 2 1 24y 1 144 8. 9c 2 1 24c 1 16 9. 25w 2 2 20w 1 4

10. 16n2 2 56n 1 49 11. 218a2 2 12a 2 2 12. 20z 2 2 140z 1 245

Solve the equation.


13. x 2 1 14x 1 49 5 0 14. 8w 2 5 50 15. 64p2 2 16p 1 1 5 0

16. 8a 2 2 72 5 0 17. 3m2 1 30m 1 75 5 0 18. 24y 2 1 32y 2 64 5 0

19. 25x 2 1 125 5 0 20. 27r 2 1 140r 2 700 5 0 21. 24w 2 2 24w 1 6 5 0
25 9 9
22. 18n2 1 60n 1 50 5 0 23. } x 2 1 15x 1 } 5 0 24. 4x 2 5 }
2 2 16

Find the value of x in the geometric shape.


25. Area 5 144π cm2 26. Area 5 225 in.2

(x 1 4) cm

(4x 1 3) in.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


27. Measuring Tape A measuring tape drops from a roof that is 16 feet above the
ground. After how many seconds does the measuring tape land on the ground?
28. Playground A curved ladder that children can
climb on can be modeled by the equation
1
y 5 2} x 2 1 x
20
where x and y are measured in feet.
a. Make a table of values that shows the height of the ladder for x 5 0, 5, 10, 15,
and 20 feet from the left end.
b. For what additional values of x does the equation make sense? Explain.
LESSON 9.7

c. Plot the ordered pairs in the table from part (a) as y


points in the coordinate plane. Connect the points 5
Height (feet)

with a smooth curve. 4


3
d. At approximately what distance from the left end
2
does the ladder reach a height of 5 feet? Check
1
your answer algebraically.
0
0 5 10 15 20 x
Distance from left end (feet)

Algebra 1
162 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.7 For use with pages 6182623

Factor the polynomial.


1. 25x 2 2 81 2. 225p2 2 100 3. 121w 2 2 625
9 1
4. 36m2 2 64 5. } r 2 2 } 6. 81x 2 2 49y 2
16 16
7. 23y 2 2 48y 2 192 8. 4n2 2 40n 1 100 9. 12z 2 1 12z 1 3
1
10. 24a 2 2 120ab 1 150b2 11. 218s2 2 48st 2 32t 2 12. 5z 2 1 2z 1 }
5

Solve the equation.


13. 25m2 2 64 5 0 14. 2p2 1 36p 1 162 5 0 15. 216r 2 1 196 5 0

16. 3w 2 2 60w 1 300 5 0 17. 36x 2 2 132x 1 121 5 0 18. 225a 2 2 120a 1 16 5 0

19. 275y 2 2 90y 2 27 5 0 20. 196n2 2 224n 1 64 5 0 21. 160z 2 5 640


25 1
22. 0.9r 2 2 4.8r 1 6.4 5 0 23. } b2 1 5b 1 } 5 0 24. 296d 2 1 144d 2 54 5 0
2 2

Determine the value(s) of k that make the expression a perfect


square trinomial.
25. 81x 2 1 kx 1 25 26. 100x 2 1 kx 1 49 27. 25x 2 2 60x 1 k

28. kx 2 1 72x 1 81 29. 4x 2 2 12x 1 k 30. 49x 2 1 kxy 1 4y 2

31. Squirrel A squirrel jumps straight up with an initial vertical velocity of 16 feet
per second. How many times does the squirrel reach a height of 4 feet? Explain
your answer.
32. Foot Bridge A foot bridge that spans a small creek can be
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

modeled by the equation


3 3
y 5 2} x 2 1 } x
800 10
where x and y are measured in feet.
a. Make a table of values that shows the height of the bridge for x 5 0, 20, 40, 60,
and 80 feet from the left end.
b. For what additional values of x does the equation make sense? Explain.
c. Plot the ordered pairs in the table from part (a) y
as points in the coordinate plane. Connect the 6
Height (feet)

points with a smooth curve. 5


LESSON 9.7

4
d. At approximately what distance from the left end
3
does the bridge reach a height of 6 feet? Check
2
your answer algebraically. 1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 x
Distance from left end (feet)

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 163
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.7 For use with pages 6182623

GOAL Factor special products.

Vocabulary
The pattern for finding the square of a binomial gives you the pattern
for factoring trinomials of the form a2 1 2ab 1 b2 and a 2 2 2ab 1 b2.
These are called perfect square trinomials.

EXAMPLE 1 Factor the difference of squares


Factor the polynomial.
a. r 2 2 81 5 r 2 2 92 Write as a2 2 b2.
5 (r 2 9)(r 1 9) Difference of two squares
pattern

b. 9s2 2 4t 2 5 (3s)2 2 (2t)2 Write as a2 2 b2.


5 (3s 2 2t)(3s 1 2t) Difference of two squares
pattern

c. 80 2 125q2 5 5(16 2 25q2) Factor out common factor.


5 5[42 2 (5q)2] Write 16 2 25q2 as a2 2 b2.
5 5(2 2 5q)(2 1 5q) Difference of two squares
pattern

Exercises for Example 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Factor the polynomial.
1. m2 2 121

2. 9n2 2 64

3. 3y2 2 147z 2
LESSON 9.7

Algebra 1
164 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.7 For use with pages 618–623

EXAMPLE 2 Factor perfect square trinomials


Factor the polynomial.
a. x2 1 14x 1 49 5 x2 1 2(x)(7) 1 72 Write as a2 1 2ab 1 b2.
5 (x 1 7)2 Perfect square trinomial
pattern

b. 144y2 2 120y 1 25 5 (12y)2 2 2(12y)(5) 1 52 Write as a2 2 2ab 1 b2.


5 (12y 2 5)2 Perfect square trinomial
pattern

c. 150z2 2 60z 1 6 5 6(25z2 2 10z 1 1) Factor out common factor.


5 6[(5z)2 2 2(5z)(1) 1 12] Write 25z 2 2 10z 1 1
as a2 2 2ab 1 b2.
5 6(5z 2 1)2 Perfect square trinomial
pattern

Exercises for Example 2


Factor the polynomial.
1 1
4. m2 2 } m 1 } 5. 16r 2 1 40rs 1 25s2 6. 36x2 2 36x 1 9
2 16

EXAMPLE 3 Solve a polynomial equation


Solve the equation q 2 2 100 5 0.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solution
q2 2 100 5 0 Write original equation.
q2 2 102 5 0 Write left side as a2 2 b2.
(q 1 10)(q 2 10) 5 0 Difference of two squares pattern
q 1 10 5 0 or q 2 10 5 0 Zero-product property
q 5 210 or q 5 10 Solve for q.
The roots of the equation are 210 and 10.
LESSON 9.7

Exercises for Example 3


Solve the equation.
7. r 2 2 10r 1 25 5 0 8. 16m2 2 81 5 0

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 165
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.7 For use with pages 618–623

In Exercises 1–3, factor the expression.


1. x2 2 6xy 1 9y2

2. 4x2 2 20xy 1 25y2

3. 25x2y2 1 40xy 116

In Exercises 4 and 5, use the substitution method to factor the expression.


Example: 16(y 1 3)2 2 40(y 1 3) 1 25

Solution: Let x 5 y 1 3. Then the expression 16(y 1 3)2 2 40(y 1 3) 1 25 becomes


16x2 2 40x 1 25. Now factor this expression.
16x 2 2 40x 1 25 5 (4x 2 5)2
Finally, replace x with (y 1 3).
(4x 2 5)2 5 [4(y 1 3) 2 5]2 5 (4y 1 7)2

4. 4(x 2 7)2 2 24(x 2 7) 1 36

5. 25(x 1 3)2 2 20(x 1 3) 1 4

In Exercises 6–10, use substitution to factor, then solve for x.


6. (x 2 5)4 2 10(x 2 5)2 1 25 5 0

7. 4(2x 2 7)6 2 28(2x 2 7)3 1 49 5 0

8. 25(x 1 2)2 1 30(x 1 2) 1 9 5 0

16 56
9. }2 1 } 1 49 5 0

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


x x
9 12
10. }2 1 } 1 4 5 0
(x 1 1) x11
LESSON 9.7

Algebra 1
166 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
9.8 For use with pages 6242631

Match the trinomial with its correct factorization.

LESSON 9.8
1. 2x(x 1 5) 2 (x 1 5) 2. 2x(x 1 5) 1 (x 1 5) 3. 2x(x 2 5) 2 (x 2 5)

A. (2x 1 1)(x 1 5) B. (2x 2 1)(x 2 5) C. (2x 2 1)(x 1 5)

Factor the expression.


4. x(x 1 4) 1 (x 1 4) 5. b(b 1 3) 2 (b 1 3) 6. 2m(m 1 1) 1 (m 1 1)

7. 5r(r 1 2) 2 (r 1 2) 8. w(w 1 6) 1 3(w 1 6) 9. y(y 1 4) 2 6(y 1 4)

10. n(n 2 3) 2 7(n 2 3) 11. 3z(z 2 4) 1 8(z 2 4) 12. 2p(p 1 5) 2 3(p 1 5)

Factor the polynomial by grouping.


13. x 2 1 x 1 3x 1 3 14. x 2 2 x 1 2x 2 2 15. x 2 1 8x 2 x 2 8

16. x 3 2 5x 2 1 2x 2 10 17. x 3 2 4x 2 2 6x 1 24 18. x 3 1 3x 2 1 5x 1 15

19. x 3 2 x 2 1 7x 2 7 20. x 3 1 3x 2 2 3x 2 9 21. x 3 1 3x 2 2 x 2 3

Determine whether the polynomial has been completely factored.


22. x 4 1 x 3 23. x 2 1 1 24. 2x 2 1 4

Factor the polynomial completely.


25. x 5 2 x 3 26. 4a 4 2 25a 2 27. 5y 6 2 125y 4

Solve the equation.


28. x 3 1 x 2 2 25x 2 25 5 0 29. x 3 1 x 2 2 16x 2 16 5 0 30. x 3 2 x 2 2 4x 1 4 5 0
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

31. x 3 2 x 2 2 9x 1 9 5 0 32. z 3 2 4z 5 0 33. c 4 2 64c 2 5 0

34. Metal Plate You have a metal plate that you have drilled a
hole into. The entire area enclosed by the metal plate is given
by 5x 2 1 12x 1 10 and the area of the hole is given by x 2 1 2.
Write an expression for the area in factored form of the plate
that is left after the hole is drilled.

35. Storage Container A plastic storage container in the shape of a cylinder has a
height of 8 inches and a volume of 72π cubic inches.
a. Write an equation for the volume of the storage container.
b. What is the radius of the storage container?

36. Tennis Ball For a science experiment, you toss a tennis ball from a height of 32 feet
with an initial upward velocity of 16 feet per second. How long will it take the tennis
ball to reach the ground?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 167
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
9.8 For use with pages 6242631

Factor the expression.


LESSON 9.8

1. 4x(x 1 5) 2 3(x 1 5) 2. 12(a 2 3) 2 2a(a 2 3)

3. w 2(w 1 8) 2 5(w 1 8) 4. 2b2(b 1 6) 1 3(b 1 6)

5. y(15 1 x) 2 (x 1 15) 6. 3x(4 1 y) 2 6(4 1 y)

Factor the polynomial by grouping.


7. x 3 1 x 2 1 5x 1 5 8. y 3 2 14y 2 1 y 2 14

9. m3 2 6m2 1 2m 2 12 10. p3 1 9p2 1 4p 1 36

11. t 3 1 12t 2 2 2t 2 24 12. 3n3 2 3n2 1 n 2 1

Factor the polynomial completely.


13. 7x 3 1 28x 2 14. 4m3 2 16m 15. 216p3 2 2p

16. 48r 3 2 30r 2 17. 15y 2 60y 2 18. 18xy 2 24x 2

19. 5m2 1 20m 1 40 20. 6x 2 1 6x 2 120 21. 4z 3 2 4z 2 2 8z

22. 9x 3 1 36x 2 1 36 23. x 3 1 x 2 1 5x 1 5 24. d 3 1 4d 2 1 5d 1 20

Solve the equation.


25. 3x 2 1 18x 1 24 5 0 26. 10x 2 5 250 27. 4m2 2 28m 1 49 5 0

28. 12x 2 1 18x 1 6 5 0 29. 18x 2 2 48x 1 32 5 0 30. 218x 2 2 60x 2 50 5 0

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


31. Countertop A countertop will have a hole drilled in it to hold
a cylindrical container that will function as a utensil holder.
The area of the entire countertop is given by 5x 2 1 12x 1 7.
The area of the hole is given by x 2 1 2x 1 1. Write an
expression for the area in factored form of the countertop
that is left after the hole is drilled.
32. Film Canister A film canister in the shape of a cylinder has a height of
8 centimeters and a volume of 32π cubic centimeters.
a. Write an equation for the volume of the film canister.
b. What is the radius of the film canister?

33. Badminton You hit a badminton birdie upward with a racket from a height
of 4 feet with an initial velocity of 12 feet per second.
a. Write an equation that models this situation.
b. How high is the birdie at 0.1 second?
c. How high is the birdie at 0.25 second?
d. How long will it take the birdie to reach the ground?

Algebra 1
168 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
9.8 For use with pages 6242631

Factor the polynomial completely.

LESSON 9.8
1. 13a 2 26a 2 2. 30xy 2 45x 2 3. 22m2 2 16m 2 14

4. 14p2 2 35p 1 21 5. r 3 1 10r 2 1 25r 6. 5b4 1 40b3 1 80b2

7. 4n5 1 4n4 2 120n3 8. 7c 3 2 28c 2 1 28c 9. 210t 2 2 5t 1 75

10. x 2 1 9x 2 xy 2 9y 11. x 3 1 5x 2 2 8x 2 40 12. 9x 2 2 64y 2

13. 3x5y 2 243x 3y 14. 8r 3s4 2 72rs4 15. 25x 3y 2 100x 2y

Solve the equation.


16. 5x 3 1 20x 2 1 15x 5 0 17. 219x 2 1 76 5 0 18. 218p3 2 21p2 1 15p 5 0

19. 48p2 2 675 5 0 20. 14x 3 2 68x 2 2 10x 5 0 21. 23n4 2 36n3 2 108n2 5 0

22. 20t 4 1 28t 3 5 24t 2 23. 64t 5 12t 2 1 45 24. 900x 2 5 625

25. 16m4 2 81m2 5 0 26. 16x 1 280 5 8x 2 27. 2r 2 1 392 5 56r

28. 75a3 1 90a2 1 27a 5 0 29. 2p2 5 12p 1 54 30. 81x 3 5 100x

31. Use factoring by grouping to show that a trinomial of the form a2 2 2ab 1 b2 can be
factored as (a 2 b)2. Justify your steps.
32. Work Bench You are drilling holes into your work bench
that will hold caddies for some of your gardening equipment.
The area of the entire work bench before the holes are drilled
is given by 24x 2 1 5x. The area of one hole is given by
3x 2 1 x 1 3. Write an expression for the area in factored form
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

of the work bench that is left after the holes are drilled.
33. Poster Tube A poster tube in the shape of a cylinder has a height of 2 feet and
1
a volume of }2 π cubic feet.
a. Write an equation for the volume of the poster tube.
b. What is the radius of the poster tube?
16
34. Moon On the moon, the vertical motion model is given by h 5 2} t 2 1 vt 1 s
6
where h is the height (in feet), v is the initial velocity (in feet per second), t is
the time (in seconds), and s is the initial height (in feet). On the moon, an astronaut
2
tosses a baseball from a height of 64 feet with an initial upward velocity of 23 }3 feet
per second. How long does it take the ball to reach the ground?

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 169
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
9.8 For use with pages 624– 631

GOAL Factor polynomials completely.


LESSON 9.8

Vocabulary
Factoring a common monomial from pairs of terms, then looking for a
common binomial factor is called factor by grouping.
A polynomial of two or more terms is prime if it cannot be written
as the product of polynomials of lesser degree using only integer
coefficients and constants, and if the only common factors of its
terms are 1 and –1.
A polynomial is factored completely if it is written as a monomial or
as the product of a monomial (possibly 1 or 21) and one or more
prime polynomials.

EXAMPLE 1 Factor out a common binomial


Factor the expression.
a. 5x2(x 2 2) 2 3(x 2 2) b. 7y(5 2 y) 1 3( y 2 5)

Solution
a. 5x2(x 2 2) 2 3(x 2 2) 5 (x 2 2)(5x2 2 3)

b. The binomials 5 2 y and y 2 5 are opposites. Factor 21 from


5 2 y to obtain a common binomial factor.
7y(5 2 y) 1 3( y 2 5) 5 27y( y 2 5) 1 3( y 2 5) Factor 21 from
(5 2 y).

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


5 ( y 2 5)(27y 1 3) Distributive property

EXAMPLE 2 Factor by grouping


Factor the polynomial.
a. m3 1 7m2 2 2m 2 14 b. n3 1 30 1 6n2 1 5n

Solution
a. m3 1 7m2 2 2m 2 14 5 (m3 1 7m2) 1 (22m 2 14) Group terms.
5 (m 1 7) 2 2(m 1 7)
m2 Factor each group.
5 (m 1 7)(m2 2 2) Distributive property
b. n3 1 30 1 6n2 1 5n 5 n3 1 6n2 1 5n 1 30 Rearrange terms.
5 (n 1 6n ) 1 (5n 1 30)
3 2
Group terms.
5 n2(n 1 6) 1 5(n 1 6) Factor each group.
5 (n 1 6)(n2 1 5) Distributive property

Algebra 1
170 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
9.8 For use with pages 624–631

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2

LESSON 9.8
Factor the expression.
1. 11x(x 2 8) 1 3(x 2 8)

2. 9x3 1 9x2 2 7x 2 7

3. 10x3 1 21y 2 35x2 2 6xy

EXAMPLE 3 Solve a polynomial equation


Solve the equation 7x 3 1 14x 2 5 105x.

Solution
7x3 1 14x2 5 105x Write original equation.
7x3 1 14x2 2 105x 5 0 Subtract 105x from each side.
2
7x(x 1 2x 2 15) 5 0 Factor out 7x.
7x(x 1 5)(x 2 3) 5 0 Factor the trinomial.
7x 5 0 or x1550 or x2350 Zero-product property
x50 or x 5 25 or x53 Solve for x.
The roots of the equation are 0, 25, and 3.

Exercises for Example 3


Solve the equation.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

4. 2c 3 1 8c 2 2 42c 5 0

5. 4x3 1 48x2 1 144x 5 0

6. 5r 3 1 15r 5 20r 2

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 171
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
9.5–9.8
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 6002631
LESSON 9.8

1. Multi-Step Problem The length of a box 5. Extended Response You hit a baseball
is 12 inches more than its height. The width straight up into the air. The baseball is hit
of the box is 3 inches less than its height. with an initial vertical velocity of 60 feet per
second when it is 4 feet off the ground.
a. Draw a diagram of the box. Label its
dimensions in terms of the height h. a. Write an equation that gives the height
b. Write a polynomial that represents the (in feet) of the baseball as a function
volume of the box. of the time (in seconds) since it
was hit.
c. The box has a volume of 324 cubic
inches. What are the length, width, b. After how many seconds does the ball
and height of the box? reach a height of 54 feet?
c. Does the ball reach a height of 54 feet
2. Open-Ended Describe a situation that can
more than once? Justify your answer.
be modeled using the vertical motion model
h 5 216t2 1 24t. Then find the value of t 6. Gridded Response While standing on a
when h 5 0. Explain what this value of t ladder, you drop a paintbrush from a height
means in this situation. of 9 feet. After how many seconds does the
paintbrush land on the ground?
3. Multi-Step Problem A block of wood
has the dimensions shown. 7. Extended Response You want to make
a box with no lid out of a 9 inch by 13 inch
piece of cardboard. You cut out squares of
the same size from each corner. Then you
x in. fold up the sides and tape them together.
x in.
(x 2 5) in.
(x 1 3) in. x in.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a. Write a polynomial that represents the 9 in.
surface area of the wood.
b. The wood has a surface area of
384 square inches. What are the 13 in.
length, width, and height of the block?
4. Short Response The shape of an a. Write a polynomial that represents the
underpass for cars can be modeled by the volume of the box.
graph of the equation y 5 20.4x(x 2 14) b. Find the volume of the box for cut out
where x and y are measured in feet. On a square side lengths of 1 inch, 2 inches,
coordinate plane, the ground is represented 3 inches, and 4 inches. Which cut out
by the x-axis. How wide is the underpass at side square length gives the largest
its base? Explain how you found volume?
your answer. c. Could a box be formed using cut out
squares with side lengths of 5 inches?
Explain why or why not.

Algebra 1
172 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
9.8 For use with pages 624–631

In Exercises 1–5, factor the expression completely.

LESSON 9.8
1. 8(y 1 3)3 1 22(y 1 3)2 1 15(y 1 3)

2. (y 2 1)4 2 16

3. (9x2 2 12x 1 4) 2 9

4. 21x2 1 15x 114x 1 10

5. 2y5 2 32y

In Exercises 6– 10, factor completely to solve for x.

6. (x 1 3)2 1 3(x 1 3) 5 10

7. x5 5 81x

8. 8x2 1 14x 1 21 5 212x

9. 2x2 2 5x 1 30 5 12x

1 6 9
10. }3 2 }2 52}
x x x

In Exercises 11 and 12, use the following information.

A roller coaster has a velocity v (in miles per hours) described by the polynomial
v(t) 5 210t 4 1 100t 2 2 90 for times from t 5 1 to t 5 3 minutes.
11. Find the velocity of the roller coaster when t 5 2 minutes.

12. For what times on the interval from t 5 1 to t 5 3 minutes does the roller coaster
have a velocity of 0?
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book 173
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Chapter Review Game
9 For use after Chapter 9

Crossword Puzzle
Use the clues at the bottom of the page to fill in the correct vocabulary
word from Chapter 9 in the crossword puzzle.

2 3

6 7

9 10

11 12

13

14

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Across Down
2. x 2 4x 1 4 is an example of a _______
2
1. Using the distributive property to factor
square trinomial. polynomials with four terms is called
factoring by _______.
4. Solutions of an equation 3. 4x 2 2 2x 1 1

7. A monomial or sum of monomials 5. Use this to multiply binomials


CHAPTER REVIEW GAME

9. The number 6 in the polynomial 6x2 2 24 6. Writing a polynomial as a product of


is called the _______ coefficient. other polynomials
11. 2x 8. A polynomial with two terms

13. Sum of the exponents of the variables 10. A polynomial that cannot be factored
in a monomial using integer coefficients
14. An object propelled into the air but has 12. The height of a projectile can be described
no power to keep itself in the air by the _______ motion model.

Algebra 1
174 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter
10 For use with Chapter 10

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Chapter Overview One way you can help your student succeed in Chapter 10
is by discussing the lesson goals in the chart below. When a lesson is completed, ask your
student the following questions. “What were the goals of the lesson? What new words and
formulas did you learn? How can you apply the ideas of the lesson to your life?”

Lesson Title Lesson Goals Key Applications

10.1: Graph y 5 ax 2 1 c Graph simple quadratic • Solar Energy • Astronomy


functions. • Sailing
10.2: Graph y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c Graph general quadratic • Suspension Bridges
functions. • Spiders
Focus on Functions Graph quadratic functions • Architecture
in intercept form.
10.3: Solve Quadratic Equations Solve quadratic equations • Sports • Soccer
by Graphing by graphing. • Diving
10.4: Use Square Roots to Solve Solve a quadratic equation • Sports Event • Gemology
Quadratic Equations by finding square roots. • Internet Usage
10.5: Solve Quadratic Equations Solve quadratic equations • Crafts
by Completing the Square by completing the square. • Landscaping
Focus on Functions Graph quadratic functions • Snowboarding
in vertex form.
10.6: Solve Quadratic Equations Solve quadratic equations • Film Production
by the Quadratic Formula using the quadratic for- • Advertising
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

mula.
• Cell Phones
10.7: Interpret the Discriminant Use the value of the • Fountains • Biology
discriminant. • Food
10.8: Compare Linear, Compare linear, exponen- • Cycling
Exponential, and tial, and quadratic models. • Lizards
Quadratic Models
• Nautilus

Key Ideas for Chapter 10

In Chapter 10, you will apply the key ideas listed in the Chapter Opener
(see page 647) and reviewed in the Chapter Summary (see page 718).
1. Graphing quadratic functions
2. Solving quadratic functions
3. Comparing linear, exponential, and quadratic models

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 175
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter continued
10 For use with Chapter 10
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Key Ideas Your student can demonstrate understanding of key concepts by working
through the following exercises with you.

Lesson Exercise

10.1 1
What is the vertex of the graph of the function y 5 2}2 x 2 1 5?

10.2 Find the axis of symmetry and the vertex of the graph of the function
y 5 22x 2 1 6x 2 4.

Focus on Graph y 5 2(x 1 1)(x 2 3). Label the vertex, axis of symmetry, and x-intercepts.
Functions

10.3 Find the zeros of f(x) 5 2x 2 2 2x 1 8.

10.4 Solve the equation 2x 2 2 25 5 103 by using square roots. Round your solution to
the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
10.5 Solve the equation x 2 1 16x 1 20 5 0 by completing the square. Round your
solution to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
Focus on Write y 5 x 2 2 14x 1 48 in vertex form. Then graph the function. Label the vertex
Functions and axis of symmetry.
10.6 Use the quadratic formula to solve the equation 5x 2 1 12x 1 4 5 0.
10.7 Tell whether the equation 8x 2 2 8x 5 22 has two, one, or no solution.
10.8 Tell whether the table of values represents x 23 22 21 0 1 2
a linear function, an exponential function,

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


or a quadratic function. y 4 1 0 1 4 9

Home Involvement Activity

Directions Write a function that gives the surface area (in square feet) of a room
in your home. Investigate how much it would cost to paint five of the surfaces and
carpet (or tile) the sixth. (Remember to subtract the area of doors and windows.)

X   


10.6: 22 and 2}5 10.7: one solution 10.8: quadratic; y 5 (x 1 1)2  X 
Y
Functions:
2
x 1 O
(3, 0) 1
( 1, 0) 10.3: 2, 24 10.4: 8, 8 10.5: 21.37 and 214.63 Focus on
1 x 

(1, 4)
10.1: (0, 5) 10.2: axis of symmetry: x 5 }2; vertex: 1 }2, }2 2 Focus on Functions:
y 3 1 3
Answers

Algebra 1
176 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia
10 Usar con el Capítulo 10

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Vistazo al capítulo Una manera en que puede ayudar a su hijo a tener éxito en el Capítulo
10 es hablar sobre los objetivos de la lección en la tabla a continuación. Cuando se termina una
lección, pregúntele a su hijo lo siguiente: “¿Cuáles fueron los objetivos de la lección? ¿Qué
palabras y fórmulas nuevas aprendiste? ¿Cómo puedes aplicar a tu vida las ideas de la lección?”

Título de la lección Objetivos de la lección Aplicaciones clave

10.1: Graficar y 5 ax 2 1 c Graficar funciones • Energía solar • Astronomía


cuadráticas simples • Navegación

10.2: Graficar y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c Graficar funciones • Puentes colgantes


cuadráticas generales • Arañas
• Arquitectura
Enfoque en las funciones Graficar funciones
cuadráticas en forma de
intersección
10.3: Resolver ecuaciones Resolver ecuaciones • Deportes • Fútbol
cuadráticas al graficar cuadráticas al graficar • Zambullidas

10.4: Usar raíces cuadradas Resolver ecuaciones • Evento deportivo • Joyería


para resolver ecuaciones cuadráticas al elevar al • Uso de Internet
cuadráticas cuadrado
10.5: Resolver ecuaciones Graficar funciones • Manualidades
cuadráticas al elevar al cuadráticas en forma • Jardinería
cuadrado de vértice • Hacer snowboard
Enfoque en las funciones Graficar funciones
cuadráticas en forma de
vértice
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

10.6: Resolver ecuaciones Resolver ecuaciones • Rodaje de película


cuadráticas por la fórmula cuadráticas usando la • Publicidad
cuadrática fórmula cuadrática • Teléfonos celulares
10.7: Interpretar el Usar el valor del • Fuentes • Biología
discriminante discriminante • Comida

10.8: Comparar modelos Comparar modelos • Ciclismo


lineales, exponenciales lineales, exponenciales • Lagartijas
y cuadráticos y cuadráticos • Sepia

Ideas clave para el Capítulo 10

En el Capítulo 10, aplicarás las ideas clave enumeradas en la Presentación del capítulo
(ver la página 647) y revisadas en el Resumen del capítulo (ver la página 718).
1. Graficar funciones cuadráticas
2. Resolver funciones cuadráticas
3. Comparar modelos lineales, exponenciales y cuadráticos

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 177
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia continúa
10 Usar con el Capítulo 10
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Ideas clave Su hijo puede demostrar la comprensión de las ideas clave al hacer los
siguientes ejercicios con usted.

Lección Ejercicio

10.1 1
¿Qué es el vértice de la gráfica de la función y 5 2}2 x 2 1 5?

10.2 Halla el eje de simetría y el vértice de la gráfica de la función


y 5 22x 2 1 6x 2 4.

Enfoque en Grafica y 5 2(x 1 1)(x 2 3). Rotula el vértice, el eje de simetría y los interceptos
las funciones en x.

10.3 Halla los ceros de f(x) 5 2x 2 2 2x 1 8.

10.4 Resuelve la ecuación 2x 2 2 25 5 103 al usar raíces cuadradas. Redondea tu


solución al centésimo más próximo, si es necesario.
10.5 Resuelve la ecuación x 2 1 16x 1 20 5 0 en forma de vértice. Luego grafica la
función. Rotula el vértice y el eje de simetría.
Enfoque en Escribe y 5 x 2 2 14x 1 48 en forma de vértice. Luego grafica la función. Rotula el
las funciones vértice y el eje de simetría.
10.6 Usa la fórmula cuadrática para resolver la ecuación 5x 2 1 12x 1 4 5 0.
10.7 Indica si la ecuación 8x 2 2 8x 5 22 tiene una, dos o ninguna solución.
10.8 Indica si la tabla de valores representa x 23 22 21 0 1 2
una función lineal, una función exponencial

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


o una función cuadrática. y 4 1 0 1 4 9

Actividad para la familia

Instrucciones Escribe una función que da el área de la superficie (en pies


cuadrados) de una habitación en tu casa. Investiga cuánto costaría pintar cinco de las
superficies y ponerle alfombra (o baldosas) a la sexta superficie. (Recuérdate de restar
el área de puertas y ventanas.)

X   



10.8: cuadrática; y 5 (x 1 1)2
10.6: 22 y 2}5 10.7: una solución  X 
Y
Enfoque en las funciones:
2
x 1 O
(3, 0) ( 1, 0)
1 x 
1 10.3: 2, 24 10.4: 8, 8 10.5: 21.37 y 214.63

(1, 4) y
10.1: (0, 5) 10.2: eje de simetría: x 5 }2 ; vértice: 1 }2 , }2 2 Enfoque en las funciones:
3 1 3
Respuestas

Algebra 1
178 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

Use the quadratic function to complete the table of values.


1. y 5 5x 2 2. y 5 24x 2

x 22 21 0 1 2 x 22 21 0 1 2
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

3. y 5 x 2 1 6 4. y 5 x 2 2 8

x 22 21 0 1 2 x 22 21 0 1 2
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

LESSON 10.1
Match the function with its graph.
1 1
5. y 5 2} x 2 6. y 5 2x 2 7. y 5 } x 2
2 4

A. y B. y C. y

3 3 1

23 3 x
1 1 21

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 23

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
with the graph of y 5 x 2.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1
8. y 5 5x 2 9. y 5 2} x 2 10. y 5 26x 2
3

y y y
5
23 21 1 3 x
1 21
3
23 21 1 3 x
21 23
1
23 25
23 21 1 3 x
21

Identify the vertex and axis of symmetry of the graph.


11. y 12. y 13. y
23 21 1 3 x
10 21 0.5

23 1 3 x
6 23

23 21 1 3 x

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 179
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

Match the function with its graph.


14. y 5 x 2 2 3 15. y 5 3x 2 2 1 16. y 5 2x 2 1 3

A. y B. y C. y

1 3

23 1 3 x
21 1 1

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
with the graph of y 5 x 2.
LESSON 10.1

17. y 5 x 2 2 5 18. y 5 x 2 1 7 19. y 5 2x 2 2 3

y y y
1 10 3

23 21 1 3 x
21 6 1

23 21 1 3 x
23 2 21

23 21 1 3 x
25 22 23

Complete the statement.


20. The graph of y 5 x 2 1 5 can be obtained from the graph of y 5 x 2 by shifting the
graph of y 5 x 2 ? .

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


21. The graph of y 5 10x 2 can be obtained from the graph of y 5 x 2 by ? the graph
2
of y 5 x by a factor of ? .
22. Pot Rack A cross section of the pot rack shown can be modeled y
by the graph of the function y 5 20.08x 2 1 8 where x and y are
6
measured in inches.
a. Find the domain of the function in this situation. 2
b. Find the range of the function in this situation. 26 22 2 6 x

23. Drawer Handle A cross section of the drawer handle shown y


3
1
can be modeled by the graph of the function y 5 2}
18
x2 1 2
1
x
where x and y are measured in centimeters.
25 23 21 1 3 5
a. Find the domain of the function in this situation.
b. Find the range of the function in this situation.

Algebra 1
180 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

Use the quadratic function to complete the table of values.


1. y 5 9x 2 2. y 5 25x 2

x 22 21 0 1 2 x 22 21 0 1 2
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

5 1
3. y 5 } x 2 1 1 4. y 5 2} x 2 2 2
2 8

x 24 22 0 2 4 x 216 28 0 8 16
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

LESSON 10.1
5. y 5 24x 2 1 3 6. y 5 6x 2 2 5

x 22 21 0 1 2 x 22 21 0 1 2
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

Match the function with its graph.


1
7. y 5 24x 2 1 3 8. y 5 3x 2 1 4 9. y 5 } x 2 2 4
3
1
10. y 5 } x 2 2 3 11. y 5 23x 2 1 4 12. y 5 4x 2 1 3
4
A. y B. y C. y
1

21 1 x
21
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

3 1

23 3 x
1 21
25
23 21 1 3 x

D. y E. y F. y
1

21 1 x
21 1
3
23 3 x
23
1
25 23
23 21 1 3 x

Describe how you can use the graph of y 5 x 2 to graph the given function.
13. y 5 x 2 2 8 14. y 5 2x 2 1 4 15. y 5 2x 2 1 3

1 3
16. y 5 25x 2 1 1 17. y 5 } x 2 2 2 18. y 5 2} x 2 1 5
2 4

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 181
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
with the graph of y 5 x 2.
1 3
19. y 5 x 2 1 9 20. y 5 2} x 2 21. y 5 2} x 2
5 2
y y y
3 3

1 1

23 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
3 21

29 23 3 9 x
23 23 23

22. y 5 x 2 2 3.5 23. y 5 2x 2 2 9 24. y 5 25x 2 1 2


LESSON 10.1

y y y
1 9 3

23 21 1 3 x
21 3

29 23 3 9 x 23 21 1 3 x

25 29

25. Serving Plate The top view of a freeform serving plate you made in y
a ceramics class is shown in the graph. One edge of the plate can be
5
modeled by the graph of the function y 5 2}
81
x 2 1 20 where x and y 12

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


are measured in inches. 4
t
a. Find the domain of the function in this situation. 212 24 12
24
b. Find the range of the function in this situation.

26. Roof Shingle A roof shingle is dropped from a rooftop that is y


100 feet above the ground. The height y (in feet) of the dropped 100
Height (feet)

roof shingle is given by the function y 5 216t 2 1 100 where t 80


is the time (in seconds) since the shingle is dropped. 60
40
a. Graph the function. 20
b. Identify the domain and range of the function in this situation. 0
0 1 2 t
c. Use the graph to estimate the shingle’s height at 1 second. Time (seconds)
d. Use the graph to estimate when the shingle is at a height of 50 feet.
e. Use the graph to estimate when the shingle is at a height of 0 feet.

Algebra 1
182 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

Use the quadratic function to complete the table of values.


1. y 5 10x 2 2 4 2. y 5 21.5x 2 1 3

x 22 21 0 1 2 x 22 21 0 1 2
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
with the graph of y 5 x 2.
1 7
3. y 5 } x 2 1 2 4. y 5 24x 2 2 3 5. y 5 9x 2 2 }
6 2

y y y

LESSON 10.1
3 2
6
23 21 1 3 x
1 22
2
23 21 1 3 x
21 26
23 21 1 3 x
22
23 210

3 1 1 3
6. y 5 } x 2 1 } 7. y 5 2} x 2 1 4 8. y 5 6x 2 1 }
5 5 2 4

y y y
5 30
3
3 18
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1
1 6
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 26

2 1
9. y 5 4x 2 2 } 10. y 5 22x 2 2 } 11. y 5 25x 2 1 15
3 2

y y y
15 2 15

23 21 1 3 x
9 22 5

23 21 1 3 x
3 26 25

23 21 1 3 x
23 210 215

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 183
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

Tell how you can obtain the graph of g from the graph of f by
using transformations.
1
12. f(x) 5 x 2 1 6 13. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 14 14. f (x) 5 2} x 2 2 3
2
g(x) 5 x 2 2 2 g(x) 5 2x 2 1 9 1
g(x) 5 2}2 x 2 2 7

15. f(x) 5 3x 2 2 5 16. f (x) 5 3x 2 17. f (x) 5 8x 2

g(x) 5 3x 2 1 11 g(x) 5 9x 2 g(x) 5 4x 2

Write a function of the form y 5 ax 2 1 c whose graph passes through the two
given points. Then graph the function.
LESSON 10.1

18. (0, 6), (2, 10) 19. (0, 1), (21, 0) 20. (0, 24), (23, 5)

y y y
6
10 1
2
23 21 1 3 x
6 21
23 21 1 3 x
22
2 23
26
23 21 1 3 x

21. Nylon Rope The breaking weight w (in pounds) of a nylon


w
rope can be modeled by the function w 5 22,210d 2 where
Weight (pounds)

100,000
d is the diameter (in inches) of the rope. 80,000

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a. Graph the function. 60,000
40,000
b. Use the graph to estimate the diameter of a nylon rope 20,000
that has a breaking weight of 50,000 pounds. 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 d
Diameter (inches)

22. Foam Ball A foam ball is dropped from a y y


deck that is 20 feet above the ground. 20 20
Distance (feet)

Height (feet)

a. The distance y (in feet) that the ball falls 16 16


is given by the function y 5 16t 2 where t 12 12
8 8
is the time (in seconds) since the ball was
4 4
dropped. Graph the function.
0 0
0 0.4 0.8 t 0 0.4 0.8 t
b. The height y (in feet) of the dropped ball
2 Time (seconds) Time (seconds)
is given by the function y 5 216t 1 20
where t is the time (in seconds) since the
ball was dropped. Graph the function.
c. How are the graphs from part (a) and part (b) related? Explain how you can use each graph to
find the number of seconds after which the ball has dropped 8 feet.

Algebra 1
184 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

GOAL Graph simple quadratic functions.

Vocabulary
A quadratic function is a nonlinear function that can be written in the
standard form y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c where a Þ 0.
Every quadratic function has a U-shaped graph called a parabola.
The most basic quadratic function in the family of quadratic functions,
called the parent quadratic function, is y 5 x 2.
The lowest or highest point on a parabola is the vertex.
The line that passes through the vertex and divides the parabola into
two symmetric parts is called the axis of symmetry.

LESSON 10.1
EXAMPLE 1 Graph y 5 ax 2 when a > 1
Graph y 5 26x 2. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 x 2.

Solution
y
STEP 1 Make a table of values for y 5 26x 2.
y 5 x2
9
x 22 21 0 1 2
3
y 224 26 0 26 224
23 21 1 3 x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

STEP 2 Plot the points from the table.


y 5 26x 2
STEP 3 Draw a smooth curve through the points. 29

STEP 4 Compare the graphs of y 5 26x 2 and y 5 x 2. 215


Both graphs have the same vertex, (0, 0), and
the same axis of symmetry, x 5 0. However, 221
the graph of y 5 26x 2 is narrower than the
graph of y 5 x 2 and it opens down. This is
because the graph of y 5 26x 2 is a vertical
stretch (by a factor of 6) of the graph of y 5 x 2
and a reflection in the x-axis of the graph of y 5 x 2.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 185
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

EXAMPLE 2 Graph y 5 ax 2 when⏐a⏐< 1


2 2
Graph y 5 } x . Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 x 2.
5
2 y
STEP 1 Make a table of values for y 5 }5 x 2.
35
x 210 25 0 5 10
25
2
y 40 10 0 10 40 y 5 x2 y 5 5 x2

STEP 2 Plot the points from the table.


STEP 3 Draw a smooth curve through the points.
2 215 25
STEP 4 Compare the graphs of y 5 }5 x 2 and y 5 x 2. 5 15 x
LESSON 10.1

Both graphs have the same vertex, (0, 0), and the same axis of symmetry,
2
x 5 0. Both graphs open upward. However, the graph of y 5 }5 x 2 is wider
than the graph of y 5 x 2.
2 2
This is because the graph of y 5 }5 x 2 is a vertical shrink 1 by a factor of }5 2
of the graph of y 5 x 2.

EXAMPLE 3 Graph y 5 ax 2 1 c
Graph y 5 3x 2 2 1. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 x 2.

STEP 1 Make a table of values for y 5 3x 2 2 1. y

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


10
x 22 21 0 1 2
y 11 2 21 2 11 6
y 5 x2

STEP 2 Plot the points from the table. 2

STEP 3 Draw a smooth curve through the points. 23 21 1 3 x


22
y 5 3x 2 2 1
STEP 4 Compare the graphs of y 5 3x 2 2 1 and
y 5 x 2. Both graphs open up and have the same axis of symmetry, x 5 0.
However, the graph of y 5 3x 2 2 1 is narrower and has a lower vertex than
the graph of y 5 x 2. This is because the graph of y 5 3x 2 2 1 is a vertical
stretch (by a factor of 3) and a vertical translation (1 unit down) of the graph
of y 5 x 2.

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Graph the function. Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 x 2.
1 1
1. y 5 28x 2 2. y 5 }7 x 2 3. y 5 2} x 2
3
1 1
4. y 5 x 2 2 3 5. y 5 }4 x 2 1 2 6. y 5 2} x 2 2 1
2
Algebra 1
186 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.1 For use with pages 6482654

In Exercises 1–5, write the function of the form y 5 ax 2 1 c whose graph


passes through the given points.
1. (0, 4), (21, 7), (1, 7)

2. (1, 21), (21, 21), (3, 217)

3. (1, 26), (2, 6), (3, 26)

4. (21, 4), (2, 1), (3, 24)

1 1, }2 2, (0, 2), (22, 0)


3
5.

In Exercises 6 –10, use the following information.

LESSON 10.1
Einstein’s famous formula E 5 mc 2 relates mass m (in kilograms) to the energy E
(in joules) contained within the mass. The constant c is equal to the speed of light in a
vacuum (in meters per second), c ø 3.1 3 108 meters per second.
6. What is the mass (in kilograms) of an object containing 9.61 3 1016 joules
of energy?
7. The average automobile uses 5 3 1010 joules of energy per year. What is the mass
represented by this energy?
8. Suppose Einstein’s formula holds true in an alternate universe where the speed of
light is not the same as in our universe. If an experiment is conducted in which
1 kilogram of mass is equivalent to 1 3 1020 joules of energy, then what is the speed
of light in the alternate universe?
9. The average home uses 1 3 108 joules of energy per year. What is the mass
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

represented by this energy?


10. Suppose Einstein’s formula holds true in an alternate universe where the speed of
light is not the same as in our universe. If the speed of light in the alternate universe
is 4 3 105 meters per second, then how much mass would be needed to produce
5 3 1011 joules of energy?

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 187
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Activity Support Master
10.2 For use with pages 655–656

Equation graphed y-intercept x-intercept(s) Axis of symmetry

y 5 2x2 0 0 x50

y 5 2x2 2 4x 0 0, 2 x51

Equation graphed y-intercept x-intercept(s) Axis of symmetry

y 5 2x2 2 4x 0 0, 2 x51

y 5 2x2 2 4x 2 6 26 21, 3 x51


LESSON 10.2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
188 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

Identify the values of a, b, and c in the quadratic function.


1. y 5 7x 2 1 2x 1 11 2. y 5 3x 2 2 5x 1 1 3. y 5 4x 2 1 2x 2 2

1
4. y 5 23x 2 1 9x 1 4 5. y 5 } x 2 2 x 2 5 6. y 5 2x 2 1 7x 2 6
2

Tell whether the graph opens upward or downward. Then find the axis of
symmetry of the graph of the function.
7. y 5 x 2 1 6 8. y 5 2x 2 2 1 9. y 5 x 2 1 6x 1 1

10. y 5 x 2 2 4x 1 5 11. y 5 2x 2 1 4x 2 5 12. y 5 2x 2 1 8x 1 3

13. y 5 x 2 1 3x 2 6 14. y 5 2x 2 1 7x 2 2 15. y 5 3x 2 1 6x 1 10

Find the vertex of the graph of the function.


16. y 5 x 2 1 5 17. y 5 2x 2 1 3 18. y 5 x 2 1 10x 1 3

19. y 5 2x 2 1 4x 2 2 20. y 5 3x 2 1 6x 1 1 21. y 5 22x 2 1 8x 2 3

22. y 5 10x 2 2 10x 1 7 23. y 5 x 2 1 x 1 3 24. y 5 x 2 2 x 1 1

Use the quadratic function to complete the table of values.


25. y 5 x 2 2 6x 1 8 26. y 5 2x 2 1 12x 2 5

x 1 2 3 4 5 x 4 5 6 7 8
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

LESSON 10.2
27. y 5 7x 2 1 14x 1 2 28. y 5 22x 2 2 4x 1 1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

x 23 22 21 0 1 x 23 22 21 0 1
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

Match the function with its graph.


1
29. y 5 8x 2 1 2x 1 3 30. y 5 2x 2 1 8x 1 1 31. y 5 } x 2 1 8x 1 5
2

A. y B. y C. y
4
25 23 21 1 x
220 24 4 x

1
27
23 21 1 3 x

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 189
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

Graph the function. Label the vertex and axis of symmetry.


32. y 5 2x 2 2 6 33. y 5 x 2 1 7 34. y 5 x 2 1 2x 1 5

y y y
2 7
10
23 21 1 3 x
22 5
6
26 3
2
210 1
23 21 1 3 x
22
25 23 21 1 3 x

35. y 5 x 2 2 8x 1 1 36. y 5 22x 2 1 x 2 3 37. y 5 2x 2 2 4x 1 3

y y y
7
22 2 6 10 x 23 21 1 3 x
22 21
5
26 23
3
210 25
1
214 27
25 23 21 1 x

Tell whether the function has a minimum value or a maximum value.


Then find the minimum or maximum value.
LESSON 10.2

38. f(x) 5 x 2 2 7 39. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 9 40. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 4x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


41. Greenhouse The dome of the greenhouse shown can be modeled by the graph of
the function y 5 20.15625x 2 1 2.5x where x and y are measured in feet. What is
the height h at the highest point of the dome as shown in the diagram?
y
10

6
h

2 6 10 14 x

42. Fencing A parabola forms the top of a fencing panel


as shown. This parabola can be modeled by the graph
of the function y 5 0.03125x 2 2 0.25x 1 4 where x
and y are measured in feet and y represents the number
of feet the parabola is above the ground. How far above
the ground is the lowest point of the parabola formed
by the fence?

Algebra 1
190 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

Identify the values of a, b, and c in the quadratic function.


3
1. y 5 6x 2 1 3x 1 5 2. y 5 } x 2 2 x 1 8 3. y 5 7x 2 2 3x 2 1
2
3
4. y 5 22x 2 1 9x 5. y 5 } x 2 2 10 6. y 5 28x 2 1 3x 2 7
4

Tell whether the graph opens upward or downward. Then find the axis of
symmetry and vertex of the graph of the function.
7. y 5 x 2 2 5 8. y 5 2x 2 1 9 9. y 5 22x 2 1 6x 1 7

10. y 5 3x 2 2 12x 1 1 11. y 5 3x 2 1 6x 2 2 12. y 5 22x 2 1 7x 2 21

1 1
13. y 5 } x 2 1 5x 2 4 14. y 5 2} x 2 2 24 15. y 5 23x 2 1 9x 2 8
2 4

16. y 5 3x 2 2 2x 1 3 17. y 5 22x 2 1 7x 1 1 18. y 5 3x 2 1 2x 2 5

Find the vertex of the graph of the function. Make a table of values using
x-values to the left and right of the vertex.
19. y 5 x 2 2 10x 1 3 20. y 5 2x 2 1 6x 2 2

x ? ? ? ? ? x ? ? ? ? ?
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?
1 1
21. y 5 } x 2 2 x 1 7 22. y 5 } x 2 2 2x 1 3
2 3

LESSON 10.2
x ? ? ? ? ? x ? ? ? ? ?
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

Graph the function. Label the vertex and axis of symmetry.


23. y 5 2x 2 2 10 24. y 5 2x 2 1 3 25. y 5 22x 2 1 2x 1 1

y y y
5 5 3

215 25 5 15 x
25 1

23 21 1 3 x
1

23 21 1 3 x
21

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 191
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

26. y 5 5x 2 1 2x 27. y 5 22x 2 1 x 2 4 28. y 5 x 2 2 8x 1 5


y y y
3 2
23 21 1 3 x
21
22 2 6 10 x
1 22
23
23 21 1 3 x
26

210

1 1 3
29. y 5 2} x 2 2 8x 1 3 30. y 5 } x 2 1 3x 2 1 31. y 5 2} x 2 2 2x 1 2
2 4 4
y y y
2

210 22 x
1
10
25 x
21
230 10 x

210 23

Tell whether the function has a minimum value or a maximum value.


Then find the minimum or maximum value.
32. f(x) 5 8x 2 2 40 33. f (x) 5 25x 2 1 10x 2 2 34. f (x) 5 8x 2 2 4x 1 4
LESSON 10.2

35. Storage Building The storage building shown can be modeled by the graph of the

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


function y 5 20.12x 2 1 2.4x where x and y are measured in feet. What is the height
h at the highest point of the building as shown in the diagram?
y

10

6 h

2 6 10 14 18 x

36. Velvet Rope A parabola is formed by a piece of velvet rope


found around a museum display as shown. This parabola can be
4 16
modeled by the graph of the function y 5 }
225
x2 2 }
15
x 1 40
where x and y are measured in inches and y represents the
number of inches the parabola is above the ground. How far
above the ground is the lowest point on the rope?

Algebra 1
192 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

Tell whether the graph opens upward or downward. Then find the axis of
symmetry and vertex of the graph of the function.
5
1. y 5 23x 2 1 3x 1 5 2. y 5 } x 2 2 2x 1 1 3. y 5 8x 2 2 2x 1 3
2
2
4. y 5 29x 2 1 9x 5. y 5 } x 2 2 9 6. y 5 25x 2 1 2x 2 3
3
1 1
7. y 5 } x 2 2 2x 8. y 5 2} x 2 1 7 9. y 5 26x 2 1 12x 1 5
8 5

10. y 5 4x 2 2 12x 1 8 11. y 5 5x 2 1 10x 2 3 12. y 5 26x 2 1 8x 2 10

Find the vertex of the graph of the function. Make a table of values using
x-values to the left and right of the vertex.
1 5
13. y 5 } x 2 2 2x 1 5 14. y 5 2} x 2 1 10x 2 1
4 2

x ? ? ? ? ? x ? ? ? ? ?
y ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ? ? ?

Graph the function. Label the vertex and axis of symmetry.


15. y 5 2x 2 2 15 16. y 5 6x 2 1 8 17. y 5 24x 2 1 4x 1 3

y y y

LESSON 10.2
5 14
3
215 25 5 15 x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

25 10
1
215 6
23 21 1 3 x
21
225 2
23
26 22 2 6 x

18. y 5 2x 2 1 20 19. y 5 7x 2 2 14x 1 6 20. y 5 23x 2 1 18x 2 4

y y y

15 5 20

5 3 12

215 25 5 15 x
25 1 4

23 21 1 3 x 212 24 4 12 x
215 21 24

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 193
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

7 1
21. y 5 2} x 2 1 21x 2 5 22. y 5 } x 2 2 2x 1 10 23. y 5 6x 2 2 12x 1 13
2 4

y y y
14 14
30
10 10
18
6 6
6
2 2
218 26 6 18 x
26
26 22 2 6 10 x 26 22 2 6 x

5 7 2
24. y 5 } x 2 2 15x 1 2 25. y 5 } x 2 1 35x 2 4 26. y 5 2} x 2 2 20x 1 5
3 4 5

y y y
6 30 250

26 22 2 6 10 x 215 25 5 15 x
26 230 150

218 290 50

2150 250 50 150 x


230 2150 250

Tell whether the function has a minimum value or a maximum value.


Then find the minimum or maximum value.
LESSON 10.2

3 5
27. f(x) 5 9x 2 2 36 28. f (x) 5 2} x 2 1 18x 2 7 29. f (x) 5 } x 2 2 10x 1 3
4 4

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


30. Lamps A lighting company offers two models of small lamps, both of
which contain a reflector in the shape of a parabola. The shape of the
reflector in lamp A can be modeled by the function y 5 20.16x 2 1 25
and the shape of the reflector in lamp B can be modeled by the function
y 5 20.2x 2 1 20 where x and y are measured in millimeters.
a. Find the maximum value of each function, which gives the height
of the reflector.
b. How much taller is the reflector for lamp A than the reflector for lamp B?

31. Window An artist designs a window in a house to be in the shape of a


parabola as shown. The top part of the window can be modeled by the
function y 5 21.875x 2 1 7.5x and the bottom part of the window can
be modeled by the function y 5 1.5 where x represents the width of the
window (in feet) and y represents the height of the window (in feet) above
the ground. How tall is the window? Explain how you got your answer.

Algebra 1
194 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

GOAL Graph general quadratic functions.

Vocabulary
For y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c, the y-coordinate of the vertex is the minimum
value of the function if a > 0 and the maximum value of the function
if a < 0.

EXAMPLE 1 Find the axis of symmetry and the vertex


Consider the function y 5 3x2 2 18x 1 11.
a. Find the axis of symmetry of the graph of the function.
b. Find the vertex of the graph of the function.

Solution

a. For the function y 5 3x 2 2 18x 1 11, a 5 3 and b 5 218.

b (218)
x 5 2}
2a
5 2}
2(3)
53 Substitute 3 for a and 218 for b.
Then simplify.
The axis of symmetry is x 5 3.
b
b. The x-coordinate of the vertex is 2}, or 3. To find the y-coordinate,
2a
substitute 3 for x in the function and find y.

LESSON 10.2
y 5 3(3)2 218(3) 1 11 5 216 Substitute 3 for x. Then simplify.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

The vertex is (3, 216).

EXAMPLE 2 Find the minimum or maximum value


Tell whether the function f(x) 5 x 2 1 14x 2 3 has a minimum value or
a maximum value. Then find the minimum or maximum value.

Solution
Because a 5 1 and 1 > 0, the parabola opens up and the function has a minimum
value. To find the minimum value, find the vertex.
b 14 b
x 5 2}
2a
5 2}
2(1)
5 27 The x-coordinate is 2}
2a
.

f (27) 5 (27)2 1 14(27) 2 3 5 252 Substitute 27 for x. Then simplify.

The minimum value of the function is f(x) 5 252.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 195
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Find the axis of symmetry and the vertex of the graph of the function.
1
1. y 5 5x 2 1 20x 1 9 2. y 5 } x 2 2 4x 2 19
3
1
3. Tell whether the function f (x) 5 } x 2 2 8x 1 13 has a minimum value or a
2
maximum value. Then find the minimum value or maximum value.

EXAMPLE 3 Graph y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c
1 2
Graph y 5 } x 2 2x 1 3.
5

Solution

STEP 1 Determine whether the parabola opens up or down.


Because a > 0, the parabola opens up.
STEP 2 Find and draw the axis of symmetry:
b (22)
x 5 2}
2a
5 2} 5 5. y
21 }5 2
1 14
x55

STEP 3 Find and plot the vertex. 10

b
The x-coordinate of the vertex is 2}
2a
,
LESSON 10.2

(0, 3) (10, 3)
or 5. To find the y-coordinate, substitute
5 for x in the function and simplify. (1, 1.2) (9, 1.2)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


22 6 10 14 x
1 (5, 22)
y 5 }5 (5)2 2 2(5) 1 3 5 22

So, the vertex is (5, 22).


STEP 4 Plot two points. Choose two x-values less than the x-coordinate of the vertex.
Then find the corresponding y-values.

x 0 1
y 3 1.2

STEP 5 Reflect the points plotted in Step 4 in the axis of symmetry.

STEP 6 Draw a parabola through the plotted points.

Exercise for Example 3


4. Graph the function f(x) 5 x 2 2 4x 1 7. Label the vertex and axis of symmetry.

Algebra 1
196 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
10.2
Worked Out Example
For use with pages 657–662

PROBLEM Basketball You throw a basketball whose path can be modeled by the graph of
y 5 216x 2 1 19x 1 6 where x is the time (in seconds) and y is the height (in feet) of
the basketball. What is the maximum height of the basketball?
STEP 1 Read and Understand
What do you know?
The equation that models the path of a basketball
What do you want to find out?
The maximum height of the basketball
STEP 2 Make a Plan Use what you know to find the vertex of the parabola.
STEP 3 Solve the Problem The highest point of the basketball is at the vertex of the
parabola. Find the x-coordinate of the vertex. Use a 5 216 and b 5 19.
b 19
x 5 2}
2a
5 2}
2(216)
ø 0.59 Use a calculator.

Substitute 0.59 for x in the equation to find the y-coordinate of the vertex.
y ø 216(0.59)2 1 19(0.59) 1 6 ø 11.64
The basketball reaches a maximum height of about 11.64 feet.
STEP 4 Look Back By graphing the function, it y
appears that the maximum occurs after 12
about 0.6 second and at a height between
Height (feet)

10

LESSON 10.2
11 and 12 feet. The answer seems reasonable. 8
6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

4
2
0
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 x
Time (seconds)

PRACTICE 1. Suspension Bridges The cables 3. Tunnel The shape of a tunnel for cars
between the two towers of the Golden can be modeled by the graph of the
Gate Bridge in California form a equation y 5 20.5x 2 1 4x where x and
parabola that can be modeled by the y are measured in feet. On a coordinate
graph of y 5 0.00012x 2 2 0.505x 1 746 plane, the ground is represented by
where x and y are measured in feet. What the x-axis. How wide is the tunnel at
is the height of the cable above the water its base?
at its lowest point?
4. Sprinkler A sprinkler ejects water at an
2. Baseball You hit a baseball whose path angle of 35° with the ground. The path
can be modeled by the graph of of the water can be modeled by the
y 5 216x 2 1 40x 1 3 where x is the equation y 5 20.06x2 1 0.7x 1 0.5
time (in seconds) since the ball was where x and y are measured in feet.
hit and y is the height (in feet) of the What is the maximum height of
baseball. What is the maximum height the water?
of the baseball?
Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 197
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.2 For use with pages 657–662

In Exercises 1–5, write the function of the form y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c whose


graph passes through the three given points.
1. (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 3)

2. (1, 2), (0, 4), (21, 4)

3. (21, 6), (1, 2), (3, 6)

4. (2, 0), (1, 1), (0, 4)

5. (1, 12), (2, 9), (3, 0)

In Exercises 6–10, use the given information to write a function of the


form f (x) 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c.
3
6. f(x) has an axis of symmetry at x 5 }, x-intercepts at x 5 1 and x 5 2, and a
2
y-intercept at y 5 2.

3 5
7. f(x) has an axis of symmetry at x 5 }, x-intercepts at x 5 21 and x 5 },
4 2
and a y-intercept at y 5 5.
5 7
8. f(x) has an axis of symmetry at x 5 2} , x-intercepts at x 5 2} and x 5 1,
4 2
and a y-intercept at y 5 27.
5 1 1
9. f(x) has an axis of symmetry at x 5 }, x-intercepts at x 5 } and x 5 },
12 3 2
LESSON 10.2

and a y-intercept at y 5 21.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


19 1
10. f(x) has an axis of symmetry at x 5 }, x-intercepts at x 5 } and x 5 6,
6 3
and a y-intercept at y 5 6.

Algebra 1
198 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Practice
10.2 For use with pages 663–664

Graph the quadratic function. Label the vertex, axis of symmetry, and
x-intercepts. Identify the domain and range of the function.
1. y 5 (x 1 2)(x 2 4) 2. y 5 2(x 1 1)(x 2 3) 3. y 5 2(x 1 5)(x 1 1)

Y Y Y
 

/  X /  X

/  X

4. y 5 24(x 2 1)(x 2 3) 5. y 5 (x 1 4)2 6. y 5 5x2 2 45

Y Y Y


/  X

/  X


/  X

7. y 5 2x2 + 4x 2 4 8. y 5 2x2 + 6x 2 8 9. y 5 25x2 + 10x 1 40

Y Y Y



FOCUS ON 10.2
/  X
/  X
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

/  X

10. Follow the steps below to write an equation Y


of the parabola shown.
a. Find the x-intercepts.
b. Use the values of p and q and the coordinates of

the vertex to find the value of a in the equation
y 5 a(x 2 p)(x 2 q). /  X

c. Write a quadratic equation in intercept form.

11. Challenge A baseball is thrown into the air. The path of a baseball is parabolic.
The ball reaches a height of 25 feet before it starts to descend and lands 50 feet
from the point where it was thrown. What is the equation, in intercept form, which
models the path of the baseball? Assume the baseball was thrown at (0, 0).

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 199
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery
10.2 For use with pages 663–664

GOAL Graph quadratic functions in intercept form.

Vocabulary
The intercept form of a quadratic function is y 5 a(x 2 p)(x 2 q)
where a Þ 0 and p and q are the x-intercepts. The axis of symmetry is
halfway between (p, 0) and (q, 0). The parabola opens up if a . 0 and
opens down if a , 0.

EXAMPLE 1 Graph a quadratic function in intercept form


Graph y 5 2(x 2 1)(x 1 3).

Solution

STEP 1 Identify and plot the x-intercepts. Because p 5 1 and q 5 23,


the x-intercepts occur at the points (1, 0) and (23, 0).
STEP 2 Find and draw the axis of symmetry: y

p1q 1 1 (23) ( 3, 0) O 1 (1, 0) x


x5}
2
5}
2
5 21

STEP 3 Find and plot the vertex.


FOCUS ON 10.2

The x-coordinate of the vertex is 21.


To find the y-coordinate of the vertex,
( 1,  8)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


substitute 21 for x and simplify.
y 5 2(21 2 1)(21 1 3) 5 28

So, the vertex is (21, 28).

STEP 4 Draw a parabola through the vertex and the points where
the x-intercepts occur.

Exercises for Example 1


Graph the quadratic function. Label the vertex, axis of symmetry, and
x-intercepts. Identify the domain and range of the function.

1. y 5 22(x 1 3)(x 2 3) 2. y = 4(x 1 2)(x 2 4)

Algebra 1
200 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery continued
10.2 For use with pages 663–664

EXAMPLE 2 Graph a quadratic function


Graph y 5 3x 2 2 3.

Solution

STEP 1 Rewrite the quadratic function in intercept form.

y 5 3x2 2 3 Write original function.

5 3(x2 2 1) Factor out common factor.

5 3(x 1 1)(x 2 1) Difference of two squares pattern

STEP 2 Identify and plot the x-intercepts. Because p 5 21 and q 5 1,


the x-intercepts occur at the points (21, 0) and (1, 0).

STEP 3 Find and draw the axis of symmetry. Y

p1q 21 1 1
x5}
2
5}
2
50


  /   X

 

FOCUS ON 10.2
STEP 4 Find and plot the vertex.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

The x-coordinate of the vertex is 0.


The y-coordinate of the vertex is:
y 5 3(0)2 2 3 5 23
So, the vertex is (0, 23).
STEP 5 Draw a parabola through the vertex and the points where
the x-intercepts occur.

Exercises for Example 2


Graph the quadratic function. Label the vertex, axis of symmetry, and
x-intercepts. Identify the domain and range of the function.

3. y 5 3x2 2 12 4. y 5 23x2 1 12x

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 201
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
10.3 For use with pages 672 and 673

TI-83 Plus Casio CFX-9850GC Plus


Example 1 Example 1
Y= (�) 2 X,T,�,n x 2
� 6 X,T,�,n From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
� 7 WINDOW (�) 6 ENTER (�) 2 X,,T x2 � 6 X,,T � 7
10 ENTER 1 ENTER (�) 20 ENTER EXE SHIFT F3 (�) 6 EXE 10 EXE 1
20 ENTER 2 ENTER 2nd [CALC] 4 EXE (�) 20 EXE 20 EXE 2 EXE

EXIT F6 SHIFT F5 F2
(�) 4 ENTER 1 ENTER (�) 1 ENTER

Example 2 Example 2
From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
Y= CLEAR 3 X,T,�,n x2 � 2
3 X,,T x2 � 2 X,,T � 4 EXE
X,T,�,n � 4 WINDOW (�) 5
SHIFT F3 (�) 5 EXE 5 EXE 1
ENTER 5 ENTER 1 ENTER (�) 10
EXE (�) 10 EXE 10 EXE 1 EXE
ENTER 10 ENTER 1 2nd [CALC] 2
EXIT F6 SHIFT F5 F1
(�) 2 ENTER (�) 1 ENTER (�) 1.5
ENTER 2nd [CALC] 2 0 ENTER 2
ENTER .5 ENTER

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


LESSON 10.3

Algebra 1
202 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

Write the equation in standard form.


1. x 2 1 3x 5 212 2. x 2 2 8x 5 14 3. x 2 5 9x 2 1

1
4. x 2 5 6 2 10x 5. 14 2 x 2 5 3x 6. } x 2 5 23x 2 7
2

Determine whether the given value is a solution of the equation.


7. x 2 1 36 5 0; 26 8. 100 2 x 2 5 0; 210 9. 0 5 x 2 1 6x 1 5; 21

10. x 2 2 5x 1 6 5 0; 2 11. 2x 2 1 4x 2 4 5 0; 4 12. 0 5 2x 2 1 8x 1 3; 8

Use the graph to find the solutions of the given equation.


13. x 2 1 5 5 0 14. 2x 2 1 4 5 0 15. x 2 1 4x 1 3 5 0

y y y
5
3
3
3
1
25 1 x
1 21
23 21 1 3 x
23 21 1 3 x

16. x 2 2 16 5 0 17. x 2 2 2 5 0 18. x 2 1 2x 2 8 5 0

y y y
1
4 2
23 21 1 3 x
21
12 x x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

212 26 22
22

26
25

Solve the equation by graphing.


1
19. 8x 2 1 2x 1 3 5 0 20. 2x 2 1 3x 1 1 5 0 21. } x 2 1 4x 1 6 5 0
2

y y y
LESSON 10.3

15 5 6

9 3 2

26 22 2 x
3 1 22

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 203
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

22. x 2 2 2x 2 15 5 0 23. 22x 2 1 x 2 3 5 0 24. 2x 2 2 2x 1 3 5 0

y y y
3 3
3
29 23 3 9 x 23 21 1 3 x
23 23
1
29 29
23 21 1 x
21
215 215

Find the zeros of the function by graphing the function.


25. f(x) 5 x 2 2 25 26. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 9 27. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 4x

y y y
5 9 3

215 25 5 15 x
25 3 1

29 23 3 9 x 23 21 1 3 x
215 23 21

225 29 23

28. f(x) 5 x 2 2 4x 2 12 29. f (x) 5 2x 2 2 3x 1 40 30. f (x) 5 3x 2 2 30x

y y y
4 50
22 2 6 10 x
212
22 2 6 x
24 30
236

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


212 10
260
26 22 2 x
220 210

31. Plate Cover A plate cover made of netting has a cross section
y
in the shape of a parabola. The cross section can be modeled by 12
Height (inches)

the function y 5 20.1875x 2 1 3x where x is the width of the 10


cover (in inches) and y is the height of the cover (in inches). 8
6
a. Graph the function.
4
LESSON 10.3

b. Find the domain and range of the function in this situation. 2


c. How wide is the cover? 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 x
d. How tall is the cover? Width (inches)

Algebra 1
204 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

Determine whether the given value is a solution of the equation.


1. x 2 2 2x 1 15 5 0; 3 2. x 2 2 4x 2 12 5 0; 2 3. 2x 2 2 5x 2 6 5 0; 3

4. x 2 1 3x 2 4 5 0; 1 5. 2x 2 1 9x 2 5 5 0; 22 6. 3x 2 2 5x 2 2 5 0; 2

Use the graph to find the solutions of the given equation.


7. x 2 1 8x 1 16 5 0 8. 2x 2 1 36 5 0 9. x 2 1 5x 2 24 5 0
y y y
20 6

26 22 2 x
12 26

218
6
212 24 4 x
24
218 18 x

10. x 2 1 11x 1 30 5 0 11. x 2 2 25 5 0 12. x 2 1 7 5 0


y y y
5
10
215 15 x

6 6

2 2
225
210 26 22 2 x 26 22 2 6 x

Solve the equation by graphing.


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

13. 2x 2 2 6x 5 0 14. 2x 2 5 2 15. x 2 2 7x 1 10 5 0


y y y
3 10

1 6

23 3 x
2
22 2 x
22
22 6 x
23 22

16. x 2 5 10x 17. x 2 2 6x 1 9 5 0 18. 2x 2 1 9x 5 18


LESSON 10.3

y y y
5 10 3

25 5 15 x 29 23 9 x
25 6 23

215 2 29

26 22 2 6 x
225 22 215

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 205
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

Find the zeros of the function by graphing.


19. f(x) 5 2x 2 2 5x 2 10 20. f (x) 5 x 2 1 12x 1 36 21. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 24x

y y y
2
218 26 6 18 x
30 212
26 22 2 6 x
22

210
218 26 6 18 x

22. f(x) 5 x 2 2 49 23. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 1 24. f (x) 5 3x 2 1 12x

y y y
10 3
26 22 2 6 x
22
22 2 6 x
210

23 3 x
230 21

23

25. Stunt Double A movie stunt double jumps from the top of a
h
building 50 feet above the ground onto a pad on the ground 50
Height (feet)

below. The stunt double jumps with an initial vertical velocity 40


of 10 feet per second. 30
20
a. Write and graph a function that models the height h (in feet)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


10
of the stunt double t seconds after she jumps.
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 t
b. How long does it take the stunt double to reach the ground?
Time (seconds)

26. Wastebasket You throw a wad of used paper towards a


h
wastebasket from a height of about 1.3 feet above the 1.4
floor with an initial vertical velocity of 3 feet per second. 1.2
Height (feet)

a. Write and graph a function that models the height h (in feet) 1.0
0.8
of the paper t seconds after it is thrown.
0.6
b. If you miss the wastebasket and the paper hits the floor, how 0.4
LESSON 10.3

long does it take for the ball of paper to reach the floor? 0.2
c. If the ball of paper hits the rim of the wastebasket one-half 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 t
foot above the ground, how long was the ball in the air? Time (seconds)

Algebra 1
206 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

Solve the equation by graphing.


1. x 2 5 4 2. x 2 1 3x 5 4 3. 2x 2 2 14x 2 49 5 0

y y y
6 5
1
210 26 22 x
2 25
23 21 1 3 x
21
26 22 2 6 x
22 215
23
26 225

4. 2x 2 1 6x 1 16 5 0 5. x 2 1 10x 1 25 5 0 6. x 2 1 8x 1 15 5 0

y y y
25 15
20
15 9
12
5 3
4
215 25 5 15 x 25 23 21 x
25 23
22 2 6 x

7. x 2 1 2 5 0 8. x 2 5 4x 1 12 9. 2x 2 1 25 5 0

y y y
3 25
4
1 15
26 22 2 6 x
24
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

23 21 1 3 x
21 5
212
215 25 5 15 x
23 25

Find the zeros of the function by graphing.


10. f (x) 5 2x 2 2 8x 2 10 11. f (x) 5 23x 2 2 6x 1 24 12. f (x) 5 4x 2 2 4x 2 8

y y y
30
4 2
LESSON 10.3

18
21 1 3 5 x 23 21 1 3 x
24 22
6
212 26
23 21 1 x
26

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 207
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

Approximate the zeros of the function to the nearest tenth by graphing.


13. f(x) 5 22x 2 1 5x 1 1 14. f (x) 5 3x 2 2 5 15. f (x) 5 4x 2 2 3x 2 4

y y y
1
3 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
1 21
23
23 21 1 3 x
21 23
25

Use the given surface area S of the cylinder to find the radius r to the nearest tenth.
(Use 3.14 for π.)
16. S 5 301 in.2 17. S 5 58 ft2 18. S 5 1356 cm2

r r r

6 in. 3 ft 12 cm

19. Jumping A cat jumps from a countertop 30 inches above the floor.
h
It jumps with an initial vertical velocity of 5 feet per second. 2.5
Height (feet)

a. Write and graph a function that models the height h (in feet) of 2.0

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


the cat t seconds after it jumps. Explain how you got your model. 1.5
1.0
b. How far above the ground is the cat after one half of a second? 0.5
c. How long does it take the cat to reach the ground? 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 t
Time (seconds)

20. Basketball A basketball player throws a ball towards a hoop at a h


Height (feet)

height of 6 feet with an initial vertical velocity of 50 feet per second. 40


30
a. Write and graph a function that models the height h (in feet) of
20
the ball t seconds after it is thrown. 10
b. If the player misses the hoop completely and the ball lands on
LESSON 10.3

0
0 1 2 3 t
the ground, how long was the ball in the air?
Time (seconds)
c. If an opposing player catches the ball at a height of 5 feet, how
long was the ball in the air? Explain your reasoning.

Algebra 1
208 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

GOAL Solve quadratic equations by graphing.

Vocabulary
A quadratic equation is an equation that can be written in the
standard form ax 2 1 bx 1 c 5 0 where a Þ 0 and a is called
the leading coefficient.

EXAMPLE 1 Solve a quadratic equation having two solutions


Solve x 2 1 5x 5 14 by graphing.

Solution x 5 27 y
22 x
22 x52
STEP 1 Write the equation in standard form.
x 2 1 5x 5 14 Write original equation. 26

x 2 1 5x 2 14 5 0 Subtract 14 from 210


each side.
214
STEP 2 Graph the function y 5 x 2 1 5x 2 14.
The x-intercepts are 27 and 2.
The solutions of the equation x 2 1 5x 5 14
are 27 and 2.
CHECK You can check 27 and 2 in the original equation.
x 2 1 5x 5 14 x 2 1 5x 5 14
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Write original equation.


(27)2 1 5(27) 0 14 (2)2 1 5(2) 0 14 Substitute for x.
14 5 14 ✓ 14 5 14 ✓ Simplify. Each solution checks.

EXAMPLE 2 Solve a quadratic equation having one solution


Solve x 2 1 25 5 10x by graphing.

Solution
y
Write the equation in standard form.
LESSON 10.3

STEP 1

x 2 1 25 5 10x Write original equation. 10


2
x 2 10x 1 25 5 0 Subtract 10x from
6
each side.
STEP 2 Graph the function y 5 x 2 2 10x 1 25. 2
x55

The x-intercept is 5. 2 6 10 x

The solution of the equation x 2 1 25 5 10x is 5.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 209
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

EXAMPLE 3 Solve a quadratic equation having no solution


Solve x2 1 11 5 5x by graphing.

Solution

STEP 1 Write the equation in standard form. y

x 2 1 11 5 5x Write original equation.


10
x2 2 5x 1 11 5 0 Subtract 5x from each side.
6
STEP 2 Graph the function y 5 x 2 2 5x 1 11.
2
The graph has no x-intercepts.
22 2 6 x
The equation x2 1 11 5 5x has no solution.

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Solve the equation by graphing.
1. x 2 5 2x 1 15

2. x 2 1 4 5 24x

3. x 2 1 6x 5 24

EXAMPLE 4 Find the zeros of a quadratic function


Find the zeros of f(x) 5 x 2 2 10x 1 24.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Solution
y
Graph the function f(x) 5 x 2 2 10x 1 24.
The x-intercepts are 4 and 6. 10
The zeros of the function are 4 and 6.
6

2
x56

x54 10 x
LESSON 10.3

Exercises for Example 4


Find the zeros of the function.
4. f (x) 5 x 2 2 4

5. f (x) 5 x 2 1 5x 2 14

Algebra 1
210 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.3 For use with pages 665–673

In Exercises 1–5, graph each quadratic function on the same coordinate


system and use the graph to identify the points of intersection.
1. y 5 3x 2 1 1
y 5 2x 2 1 5

1
2. y 5 } x 2 2 1
2
1
y 5 2} x 2 1 8
2
1
3. y 5 2x 2 2 }
2
7
y 5 x2 1 }
2

4. y 5 2x 2 1 4x 1 3
y 5 x2 1 x 1 3

5. y 5 2x 2 1 3x 1 1
y 5 22x 2 2 3x 1 1

In Exercises 6–8, use the following information.

A batter hits a baseball in such a way that its path is described by the quadratic function

y 5 20.00126875x 2 1 0.5x 1 3.

A fence of varying height surrounds the baseball field. Given the information in the
exercise, determine whether the ball goes over the fence, hits the fence, or hits the
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

ground before reaching the fence.


6. The fence is 380 feet away from the batter, and the fence is 10 feet high.

7. The fence is 410 feet away from the batter, and the fence is 5 feet high.

8. The fence is 360 feet away from the batter, and the fence is 15 feet high.

LESSON 10.3

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 211
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.4 For use with pages 674–680

Evaluate the expression.


LESSON 10.4

} } }
1. Ï 49 2. Ï 225 3. Ï 100

Isolate the variable in the equation.


4. 9x 2 2 18 5 0 5. 4x 2 2 12 5 0 6. 10x 2 2 40 5 0

Solve the equation.


7. x 2 5 36 8. x 2 2 9 5 0 9. 5x 2 5 20

10. 5x 2 2 45 5 0 11. 2x 2 2 18 5 0 12. 3x 2 2 12x 5 0

Evaluate the expression. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.


} } }
13. Ï 5 14. Ï 10 15. Ï 12

Solve the equation. Round the solutions to the nearest hundredth.


16. x 2 5 8 17. x 2 2 3 5 0 18. 7x 2 2 14 5 0

Use the given area A of the circle to find the radius r or the diameter d of
the circle. Round the answer to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
19. A = 25π m2 20. A = 121π in.2 21. A = 23π cm2

r r d

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


22. Boat Racing The maximum speed s (in knots or nautical miles per hour) that some
16
kinds of boats can travel can be modeled by s 2 5 }
9
x where x is the length of the
water line in feet. Find the maximum speed of a sailboat with a 20-foot water line.
Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
23. Stockpile You can find the radius r (in inches) of a cylindrical air compressor
1
receiver tank by using the formula c 5 }
73.53
hr 2 where h is the height of the tank
(in inches) and c is the capacity of the tank (in gallons). Find the tank radius of each
tank in the table. Round your answers to the nearest inch.

Tank Height (in.) Radius (in.) Capacity (in.3)

A 24 ? 12
B 36 ? 24
C 48 ? 65

Algebra 1
212 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.4 For use with pages 674–680

Solve the equation.

LESSON 10.4
1. 6x 2 2 24 5 0 2. 8x 2 2 128 5 0 3. x 2 2 13 5 23

4. 3x 2 2 60 5 87 5. 2x 2 2 33 5 17 6. 5x 2 2 200 5 205

1 1
7. 4x 2 2 125 5 225 8. 7x 2 2 50 5 13 9. } x 2 2 } 5 0
2 2

Solve the equation. Round the solutions to the nearest hundredth.

10. x 2 1 15 5 23 11. x 2 2 16 5 213 12. 12 2 x 2 5 17

13. 3x 2 2 8 5 7 14. 9 2 x 2 5 9 15. 4 1 5x 2 5 34

16. 48 5 14 1 2x 2 17. 8x 2 5 50 18. 3x 2 1 23 5 18

19. (x 2 3)2 5 5 20. (x 1 2)2 5 10 21. 3(x 2 4)2 5 18

Use the given area A of the circle to find the radius r or the diameter d of
the circle. Round the answer to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
22. A 5 169π m2 23. A 5 38π in.2 24. A 5 45π cm2

r r d

25. Flower Seed A manufacturer is making a cylindrical can that will hold
and dispense flower seeds through small holes in the top of the can.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

The manufacturer wants the can to have a volume of 42 cubic inches


6 in.
and be 6 inches tall. What should the diameter of the can be? (Hint: Use
the formula for volume, V = πr 2h, where V is the volume, r is the radius,
and h is the height.) Round your answer to the nearest inch.
26. Stockpile You can find the diameter D (in feet) of a conical pile of sand,
dirt, etc. by using the formula V 5 0.2618hD 2 where h is the height of the
pile (in feet) and V is the volume of the pile (in cubic feet). Find the diameter
of each stockpile in the table. Round your answers to the nearest foot.

Stockpile Height (ft) Diameter (ft) Volume (ft3)

A 10 ? 68
B 15 ? 230
C 20 ? 545

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 213
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.4 For use with pages 674–680

Solve the equation.


LESSON 10.4

1. 4x 2 2 29 5 7 2. 2x 2 2 50 5 48 3. 5x 2 2 120 5 240

1 1
4. } x 2 2 2 5 0 5. } x 2 2 8 5 4 6. 0.1x 2 2 6.4 5 0
2 3

Solve the equation. Round the solutions to the nearest hundredth.


7. 4x 2 2 8 5 12 8. 7x 2 2 43 5 34 9. 2x 2 1 7 5 1

10. 3x 2 1 23 5 74 11. 6x 2 2 27 5 9 12. 5(x 2 8)2 5 15

1 3
13. 4(x 1 9)2 5 24 14. } (x 2 4)2 5 7 15. } (x 1 7)2 5 9
2 4
2
16. } (x 2 4)2 5 16 17. 7x 2 2 34 5 2x 2 1 16 18. 24 5 3(x 2 1 7)
5
x24 2
19. 9x 2 1 3 5 4(3x 2 2 6) 20. 1}5 2
5 36 21. (16x 2 2 8)2 5 81

Solve the equation without graphing.


22. x 2 1 6x 1 9 5 16 23. x 2 2 4x 1 4 5 100 24. x 2 2 10x 1 25 5 121

1
25. 2x 2 2 28x 1 98 5 72 26. 23x 2 1 6x 2 3 5 227 27. } x 2 1 4x 1 8 5 8
2

28. Plant Food A manufacturer is making a cylindrical canister that will


hold granulated plant food. The manufacturer wants the canister to
have a volume of 2036 cubic centimeters and be 18 centimeters tall.
What should the diameter of the canister be? (Hint: Use the formula

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


for volume, V = πr 2h, where V is the volume, r is the radius, and h is
the height.) Round your answer to the nearest centimeter.

18 cm

29. Speed To estimate the speed s (in feet per second) of a car involved in an accident,
}
11 3
investigators use the formula s 5 }
2 4 Ï
} l where l represents the length (in feet)

of tire skid marks on the pavement. After an accident, an investigator measures skid
marks that are 180 feet long. Approximately how fast was the car traveling?

Algebra 1
214 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.4 For use with pages 674–680

GOAL Solve a quadratic equation by finding square roots.

LESSON 10.4
EXAMPLE 1 Solve quadratic equations
Solve the equation.
a. x 2 2 7 5 9 b. 11y 2 5 11 c. z 2 1 13 5 5

Solution
a. x 2 2 7 5 9 Write original equation.
x 2 5 16 Add 7 to each side.
}
x 5 6Ï 16 Take square roots of each side.
5 64 Simplify.
The solutions are 24 and 4.

b. 11y 2 5 11 Write original equation.


y2 5 1 Divide each side by 11.
}
y 5 6Ï 1 Take square roots of each side.
5 61 Simplify.
The solutions are 21 and 1.

c. z 2 1 13 5 5 Write original equation.


2
z 5 28 Subtract 13 from each side.
Negative real numbers do not have real square roots. So, there is
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

no solution.

EXAMPLE 2 Take square roots of a fraction


Solve 9m 2 5 169.

Solution
9m2 5 169 Write original equation.
169
m2 5 }
9
Divide each side by 9.
}

Ï
169
m56 }
9
Take square roots of each side.

13
m 5 6}
3
Simplify.

13 13
The solutions are 2}
3
and }
3
.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 215
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.4 For use with pages 674–680

EXAMPLE 3 Approximate solutions of a quadratic equation


LESSON 10.4

Solve 2x 2 1 5 5 15. Round the solutions to the nearest hundredth.

Solution
2x 2 1 5 5 15 Write original equation.
2x 2 5 10 Subtract 5 from each side.
x2 5 5 Divide each side by 2.
}
x 5 ± Ï5 Take square roots of each side.
x ≈ ±2.24 Use a calculator. Round to the nearest hundredth.
The solutions are about 22.24 and about 2.24.

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Solve the equation.
1. w 2 2 9 5 0 2. 4r 2 2 7 5 9 3. 5s 2 1 13 5 9

4. 36x 2 5 121 5. 16m2 1 81 5 81 6. 4q2 2 225 5 0

Solve the equation. Round the solutions to the nearest hundredth.


7. 7x 2 2 8 5 13 8. 26y 2 1 15 5 215 9. 4z 2 1 7 5 12

EXAMPLE 4 Solve a quadratic equation

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Solve 3(x 1 3)2 5 39. Round the solutions to the nearest hundredth.

Solution
3(x 1 3)2 5 39 Write original equation.
2
(x 1 3) 5 13 Divide each side by 3.
}
x 1 3 5 ± Ï 13 Take square roots of each side.
}
x 5 23 ± Ï 13 Subtract 3 from each side.
} }
The solutions are 23 1 Ï 13 ø 0.61 and 23 2 Ï 13 ø 26.61.

Exercises for Example 4


Solve the equation.
10. 5(x 2 1)2 5 40 11. 2( y 1 4)2 5 18 12. 4(z 2 5)2 5 32

Algebra 1
216 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
10.1–10.4
Problem Solving Workshop:
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 648–680

LESSON 10.4
1. Multi-Step Problem The research and 6. Extended Response You throw a
development expenditures for a company football twice into the air.
from 1991 to 2003 can be modeled by the
a. For your first throw, the ball is
function y 5 2x2 2 12x 1 3600 where y is
released 6 feet above the ground with
the expenditure (in thousands of dollars) and
an initial vertical velocity of 25 feet
x is the number of years since 1991.
per second. Use the vertical motion
a. In what year was the research and model to write an equation for the
development expenditure the least? height h (in feet) of the football as a
b. What was the lowest research and function of time t (in seconds).
development expenditure? b. For your second throw, the ball is
released 5.5 feet above the ground
2. Multi-Step Problem Use the rectangle
with an initial vertical velocity of
below.
30 feet per second. Use the vertical
motion model to write an equation for
(8 2 x) in. the height h (in feet) of the football as
a function of time t (in seconds).
3x in.
c. If no one catches either throw, for
a. Find the value of x that gives the which of your throws is the ball in the
greatest possible area of the rectangle. air longer? Explain.
b. What is the greatest possible area of 7. Gridded Response r ft
the rectangle? The volume of the cylinder
3. Short Response For the period 1998–
is 144π cubic feet. What is
2001, the number of oil spills O in U.S. the radius of the cylinder, 9 ft
water can be modeled by the function in feet?
O 5 2256t 2 1 519t 1 8305 where t is the
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

number of years since 1998. Did the greatest


number of oil spills occur in 1999? Explain. 8. Extended Response Students are selling
T-shirts to raise money for a class trip. Last
4. Open-Ended Write an equation that
year, when the students charged $8 per
models the height of an object being
T-shirt, they sold 100 T-shirts. The students
dropped as a function of time. Use the
want to increase the cost per T-shirt. They
equation to determine the time it takes the
estimate that they will lose 5 sales for each
object to hit the ground.
$1 increase in the cost per T-shirt. The
5. Gridded Response The skid distance D revenue R (in dollars) generated by selling
(in feet) a car travels after applying the the T-shirts is given by the function
S2 R 5 (8 1 n)(100 2 5n) where n is the
brakes is given by D 5 } where S is the number of $1 increases.
30f
speed of the car (in miles per hour) at the
a. Write the function in standard form.
time of applying the brakes and f is the drag
factor of the road surface. A car skids for b. Find the maximum value of the
75 feet on a road surface that has a drag function.
factor of 0.9. Find the speed (in miles per c. At what price should the T-shirts be
hour) when the brakes were applied. sold to generate the most revenue?
Explain your reasoning.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 217
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.4 For use with pages 674–680

In Exercises 1–5, solve the equation by writing the left side of the
LESSON 10.4

equation as a perfect square, then use square roots to solve the problem.
1. x 2 1 6x 1 9 5 81

2. 4x 2 1 20x 1 25 5 16

1
3. } x 2 1 2x 1 4 5 0
4
4. 36x 2 1 12x 1 1 5 4

5. 49x 2 1 112x 1 64 5 25

In Exercises 6–8, use the following information.

A NASA mission plans to send a probe to a moon of a distant planet in our solar system.
The probe will orbit the moon at a height of 100 kilometers above the moon’s surface, then
fall out of orbit to the surface of the moon. Once the probe begins to fall to the surface of
1
the moon, its height is modeled by the equation h 5 2}4 t 2 1 100, where t is the time in
minutes and h is the height in kliometers.

6. Once the probe begins to fall, how many minutes pass until the probe hits the
surface of the moon?
7. A NASA scientist needs to know how many minutes pass between the time the probe
falls out of orbit until the probe is 64 kilometers above the surface of the moon. Find
the number of minutes to answer the scientist’s question.
8. Suppose that once the probe reaches a height of 64 kilometers above the surface
of the moon it fires a rocket to temporarily stop the descent and then releases a

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


parachute. Once the parachute is released, the height of the probe is modeled by the
1
equation h 5 2}
16
t 2 1 64. Find the number of minutes between the release of the
parachute and the probe striking the surface of the moon.

Algebra 1
218 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.5 For use with pages 685–690

Match the expression with the value of c that makes the expression
a perfect square trinomial.
1. x 2 1 8x 1 c 2. x 2 1 16x 1 c 3. x 2 1 4x 1 c

A. 4 B. 16 C. 64

Write the expression as a square of a binomial.


4. x 2 1 2x 1 1 5. x 2 2 14x 1 49 6. x 2 1 18x 1 81

7. x 2 2 4x 1 4 8. x 2 1 22x 1 121 9. x 2 2 24x 1 144

Find the value of c that makes the expression a perfect square trinomial.
Then write the expression as a square of a binomial.

LESSON 10.5
10. x 2 2 10x 1 c 11. x 2 2 8x 1 c 12. x 2 2 6x 1 c

13. x 2 1 22x 1 c 14. x 2 2 12x 1 c 15. x 2 1 20x 1 c

16. x 2 2 30x 1 c 17. x 2 1 26x 1 c 18. x 2 1 40x 1 c

19. x 2 1 3x 1 c 20. x 2 1 11x 1 c 21. x 2 2 7x 1 c

Solve the equation by completing the square. Round your solutions to the
nearest hundredth, if necessary.
22. x 2 1 6x 5 2 23. x 2 1 10x 5 1 24. x 2 2 4x 5 3

25. Flight of an Arrow An arrow is shot into the air with an upward velocity of 64 feet
per second from a hill 32 feet high. The height h of the arrow (in feet) can be found
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

by using the model h 5 216t 2 1 64t 1 32 where t is the time (in seconds).
a. Write an equation that you can use to find when the arrow will be 64 feet above
the ground.
b. When will the arrow be 64 feet above the ground? Round your answer(s) to the
nearest hundredth.
c. Write and solve an equation that you can use to find when the arrow will be
32 feet above the ground.
26. Tile Floor You are tiling a floor so that it has marble in the center x x
and ceramic tile around the border as shown. The ceramic tile
x
border has a uniform width x (in feet). You have enough money
in your budget to purchase marble to cover 28 square feet.
12 ft
a. Solve the equation 28 5 (12 2 2x)(15 2 2x) to find the width
of the border. x
b. How many square feet of ceramic tile will you need for the
15 ft
project? Explain how you found your answer.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 219
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.5 For use with pages 685–690

Find the value of c that makes the expression a perfect square trinomial.
Then write the expression as a square of a binomial.
1. x 2 1 12x 1 c 2. x 2 1 50x 1 c 3. x 2 2 26x 1 c

4. x 2 2 18x 1 c 5. x 2 1 13x 1 c 6. x 2 2 9x 1 c

1 6
7. x 2 2 11x 1 c 8. x 2 1 } x 1 c 9. x 2 2 } x 1 c
2 5

Solve the equation by completing the square. Round your solutions to the
nearest hundredth, if necessary.
10. x 2 1 6x 5 1 11. x 2 1 4x 5 13 12. x 2 2 10x 5 15

13. x 2 1 8x 5 10 14. x 2 2 2x 2 7 5 0 15. x 2 2 12x 2 21 5 0


LESSON 10.5

16. x 2 1 3x 2 2 5 0 17. x 2 1 5x 2 3 5 0 18. x 2 2 x 5 1

Find the value of x. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth,


if necessary.
19. Area of triangle 5 30 ft2 20. Area of rectangle 5 140 in.2

x ft 2x in.

(x 1 4) ft (3x 2 1) in.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


21. Colorado The state of Colorado is almost perfectly rectangular, with its north
border 111 miles longer than its west border. If the state encompasses
104,000 square miles, estimate the dimensions of Colorado. Round your
answer to the nearest mile.
22. Baseball After a baseball is hit, the height h (in feet) of the ball above the ground
t seconds after it is hit can be approximated by the equation h 5 216t 2 1 64t 1 3.
Determine how long it will take for the ball to hit the ground. Round your answer
to the nearest hundredth.
23. Fenced-In Yard You have 60 feet of fencing to fence in part of House
your backyard for your dog. You want to make sure that your dog
has 400 square feet of space to run around in. The back of your w w
house will be used as one side of the enclosure as shown.
a. Write equations in terms of l and w for the amount of fencing l
and the area of the enclosure.
b. Use substitution to solve the system of equations from part (a).
What are the possible lengths and widths of the enclosure?

Algebra 1
220 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.5 For use with pages 685–690

Find the value of c that makes the expression a perfect square trinomial.
Then write the expression as a square of a binomial.
1 2
1. x 2 1 3.6x 1 c 2. x 2 2 } x 1 c 3. x 2 1 } x 1 c
4 3

Solve the equation by completing the square. Round your solutions to the
nearest hundredth, if necessary.
7 15 1
4. x 2 2 3x 5 } 5. x 2 1 11x 5 2 } 6. x 2 2 } x 5 8
4 4 3
3
7. x 2 2 9x 2 8 5 0 8. x 2 2 5x 1 1 5 0 9. x 2 1 7x 1 } 5 0
4

10. 2x 2 2 10x 2 16 5 0 11. 2x 2 1 36x 1 12 5 0 12. 3x 2 2 42x 1 30 5 0

LESSON 10.5
13. 2x 2 1 18x 1 5 5 3 14. 3x 2 2 15x 2 10 5 9 15. 4x 2 1 4x 2 9 5 0

Find the value of x. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth,


if necessary.
16. Area of triangle 5 52 ft2 17. Area of rectangle 5 180 in.2

(x 1 5) ft
2x in.

(x 1 6) ft (2x 1 3) in.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

18. The product of two consecutive negative integers is 240. Find the integers.

19. Stopping Distance A car with good tire tread can stop in less distance than a car
with poor tire tread. The formula for the stopping distance d (in feet) of a car with
good tread on dry cement is approximated by d 5 0.04v 2 1 0.5v where v is the
speed of the car (in miles per hour). If the driver must be able to stop within 80 feet,
what is the maximum safe speed of the car? Round your answer to the nearest mile
per hour.
20. Day Care A day care center has 100 feet of fencing to fence in part Building
of its land for a safe play area for the children. The people that run
the center figure that they will need 1000 square feet of space for w w
the play area. One side of the day care building will be used as one
side of the play area as shown. l
a. Write equations for the length of the fencing and the area
of the play area.
b. Use substitution to solve the system of equations from part (a).
What are the possible lengths and widths of the play area?

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 221
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.5 For use with pages 685–690

GOAL Solve quadratic equations by completing the square.

Vocabulary
For an expression of the form x 2 1 bx, you can add a constant c to
the expression so that the expression x 2 1 bx 1 c is a perfect square
trinomial. This process is called completing the square.

EXAMPLE 1 Complete the square


Find the value of c that makes the expression x 2 1 7x 1 c a perfect
square trinomial. Then write the expression as the square of a binomial.
LESSON 10.5

Solution

STEP 1 Find the value of c. For the expression to be a perfect square trinomial,
c needs to be the square of half the coefficient of x.
7 2 49
c 5 1 }2 2 5 }
4
Find the square of half the coefficient of x.

STEP 2 Write the expression as a perfect square trinomial. Then write the expression
as the square of a binomial.
49 49
x 2 1 7x 1 c 5 x 2 1 7x 1 }
4
Substitute }
4
for c.
7 2
5 1 x 1 }2 2 Square of a binomial.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


EXAMPLE 2 Solve a quadratic equation
Solve x 2 1 14x 5 213 by completing the square.

Solution
x 2 1 14x 5 213 Write original equation.
14 2
x 2 1 14x 1 (7)2 5 213 1 72 Add 1 }
22
, or 72, to each side.
(x 1 7)2 5 213 1 72 Write left side as the square of a binomial.
2
(x 1 7) 5 36 Simplify the right side.
x17566 Take square roots of each side.
x 5 27 6 6 Subtract 7 from each side.
The solutions of the equation are 27 1 6 5 21 and 27 2 6 5 213.

Algebra 1
222 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.5 For use with pages 685–690

EXAMPLE 3 Solve a quadratic equation in standard form


Solve 3x2 1 18x 2 9 5 0 by completing the square. Round your
solutions to the nearest hundredth.

Solution
3x2 1 18x 2 9 5 0 Write original equation.
2
3x 1 18x 5 9 Add 9 to each side.
x2 1 6x 5 3 Divide each side by 3.
6 2
x2 1 6x 1 32 5 3 1 32 Add 1 }2 2 , or 32, to each side.

(x 1 3)2 5 12 Write left side as the square of a binomial.

LESSON 10.5
}
x 1 3 5 Ï 12 Take square roots of each side.
}
x 5 23 6 Ï 12 Subtract 3 from each side.
} }
The solutions are 23 1 Ï 12 ø 0.46 and 23 2 Ï 12 ø 26.46.

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Find the value of c that makes the expression a perfect square
trinomial. Then write the expression as the square of a binomial.
1. x 2 2 9x 1 c

2. x 2 1 11x 1 c

3. x 2 2 16x 1 c
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solve the equation by completing the square. Round your solutions to


the nearest hundredth if necessary.
4. q2 2 8q 5 7

5. r 2 1 12r 5 23

6. 2s 2 2 28s 1 8 5 0

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 223
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.5 For use with pages 685–690

1. The product of two consecutive positive even integers is 224. Find the integers.

2. The product of two consecutive positive odd integers is 143. Find the integers.

3. The product of two consecutive positive integers is equal to eleven times the sum of
the two integers plus 35. Find the integers.
4. The sum of the squares of two consecutive positive integers is 421. Find the integers.

5. The sum of the squares of a positive integer and five more than twice the integer is
equal to 1810. Find the integer.

In Exercises 6–9, complete the square to solve for x.

6. x 2 1 bx 1 5 5 12
LESSON 10.5

7. x 2 2 5x 1 c 5 3

8. x 2 1 bx 1 c 5 0
9. ax 2 1 bx 1 c 5 0

10. You are planning a vegetable garden and you lay out a rectangular design 10 feet
wide by 20 feet long. After laying out the design you decide you want a larger
garden and decide to increase the length of the garden by a length of 2x feet and
increase the width by a length of x feet. You have enough dirt to cover an area of
600 square feet, and you want to make the garden as large as possible. What are the
dimensions of the finished garden? Round your answer to the nearest foot.
11. The path of a rocket shot into the air is modeled by the equation h 5 225t2 1 50t 1 4
where h is the height (in feet) of the rocket above the ground t seconds after it is

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


launched. Find the number of seconds after launch it takes for the rocket to touch
back down to the ground. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth second.

Algebra 1
224 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Practice
10.5 For use with pages 691–692

Graph the quadratic function. Label the vertex and axis of symmetry.
1. y 5 (x 1 1)2 2 3 2. y 5 3(x 1 2)2 2 1 3. y 5 2(x 2 2)2 1 4

Y Y Y

/  X
 

/  X /  X

1 3
4. y 5 22(x 1 4)2 1 2 5. y 5 } (x 2 2)2 2 3 6. y 5 2} (x 2 2)2 1 2
2 2

FOCUS ON 10.5
Y Y Y

  

/  X /  X /  X

Write the function in vertex form, then graph the function. Label the vertex
and axis of symmetry.
1
7. y 5 2x2 2 12x 1 2 8. y 5 24x2 2 2x 1 16 9. y 5 } x2 2 2x 2 1
2
Y y Y

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

/  X


/  X
4

O 1 x

10. Write an equation in vertex form of the parabola y


shown. Use the coordinates of the vertex and the
1
coordinates of a point on the graph to write 1
(2 , 2)
1 3 1
( 2, 2 )
the equation.
O 1 x

1
( 2 , 1)

11. Challenge The path of a soccer ball is parabolic. The ball reaches a height of
12 feet before it starts to descend and lands 32 feet from the point where it was
kicked. What is the equation, in vertex form, which models the path of the
soccer ball? Assume the ball was kicked at (0, 0).

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 225
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery
10.5 For use with pages 691–692

GOAL Graph quadratic functions in vertex form.

Vocabulary
The vertex form of a quadratic function is y 5 a(x 2 h)2 1 k where
a Þ 0. The vertex of the graph is (h, k) and the axis of symmetry is
x 5 h. The parabola opens up if a . 0 and opens down if a , 0.
The graph of y 5 a(x 2 h)2 1 k is the graph of y 5 ax2 translated h
units horizontally and k units vertically.

EXAMPLE 1 Graph a quadratic function in vertex form


FOCUS ON 10.5

Graph y 5 2(x 2 1)2 2 2.

Solution

STEP 1 Identify the values of a, h, and k: a 5 2, h 5 1, and k 5 22.


Because a . 0, the parabola opens up.
STEP 2 Draw the axis of symmetry, x 5 1. y

STEP 3 Plot the vertex (h, k) 5 (1, 22).

STEP 4 Plot four points. Evaluate the function for


two x-values less than the x-coordinate x  1
of the vertex. 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


x 5 0: y 5 2(0 2 1)2 2 2 5 0 O 1 x

x 5 21: y 5 2(21 2 1)2 2 2 5 6 (1,  2)


Plot the points (0, 0) and (–1, 6) and their
reflections (2, 0) and (3, 6), in the axis of symmetry.

STEP 5 Draw a parabola through the plotted points.

Exercises for Example 1


Graph the quadratic function. Label the vertex and axis of symmetry.

1. y 5 3(x 1 1)2 2 5 2. y = 22(x 2 3)2 1 1

Algebra 1
226 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery continued
10.5 For use with pages 691–692

EXAMPLE 2 Graph a quadratic function


Graph y 5 x 2 2 4x 1 1.

Solution

STEP 1 Write the function in vertex form by completing the square.

y 5 x2 2 4x 1 1 Write original function.

y1 5 x2 2 4x 1 11 Prepare to complete the square.


4 2
y 1 4 5 (x2 2 4x 1 4) 1 1 Add 1 –}2 2 5 (–2)2 5 4 to each side.

FOCUS ON 10.5
y 1 4 5 (x 2 2)2 1 1 Write x2 2 4x 1 4 as a square of a binomial.

y 5 (x 2 2)2 2 3 Subtract 4 from each side.


STEP 2 Identify the values of a, h, and k: a 5 1, h 5 2, y
k 5 23. Because a . 0, the parabola opens up. x  2

STEP 3 Draw the axis of symmetry, x 5 2. 1

O 1 x
STEP 4 Plot the vertex (h, k) 5 (2, 23).
STEP 5 Plot four more points. Evaluate the function
(2,  3)
for two x-values less than the x-coordinate
of the vertex.

x 5 1: y 5 (1 2 2)2 2 3 5 22
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

x 5 0: y 5 (0 2 2)2 2 3 5 1

Plot the points (1, 22) and (0, 1) and their reflections (3, 22) and (4, 1),
in the axis of symmetry.

STEP 6 Draw a parabola through the plotted points.

Exercises for Example 2


Write the function in vertex form, then graph the function.
Label the vertex and the axis of symmetry.
3. y 5 22x2 2 8x 2 7 4. y 5 2x2 1 4x 2 1

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 227
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.6 For use with pages 693–698

Identify the values of a, b, and c in the quadratic equation.


1. 5x 2 1 7x 1 1 5 0 2. 2x 2 2 6x 1 11 5 0

3. 2x 2 1 17x 2 23 5 0 4. 10x 2 2 8x 2 13 5 0

5. 23x 2 1 x 2 2 5 0 6. 5x 2 2 18x 2 3 5 0

Match the quadratic equation with the formula that gives its solution(s).
7. 2x 2 1 x 2 4 5 0 8. 4x 2 2 x 1 2 5 0 9. 2x 2 1 4x 1 2 5 0
}} }} }}
24 6 Ï 42 2 4(21)(2) 21 6 Ï 12 2 4(2)(24) 2(21) 6 Ï (21)2 2 4(4)(2)
A. x 5 }} B. x 5 }} C. x 5 }}}
2(21) 2(2) 2(4)

Use the quadratic formula to solve the equation. Round your solutions to
the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
10. x 2 1 6x 2 10 5 0 11. x 2 2 4x 2 9 5 0

12. 5x 2 1 2x 2 3 5 0 13. x 2 1 8x 1 2 5 0

14. x 2 1 10x 1 1 5 0 15. 2x 2 2 3x 1 5 5 0

16. 3x 2 1 5x 2 2 5 0 17. 6x 2 2 2x 1 5 5 0

18. 2x 2 2 8x 1 3 5 0 19. 2x 2 1 4x 2 16 5 0

20. 23x 2 1 7x 2 2 5 0 21. 5x 2 2 2x 1 1 5 0


LESSON 10.6

22. Nuts For the period 1990–2002, the amount of shelled nuts y (in millions

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


of pounds) imported into the United States can be modeled by the function
y 5 1.55x 2 2 5.1x 1 197 where x is the number of years since 1990.
a. Write and solve an equation that you can use to approximate the year in which
300 million pounds of nuts were imported.
b. Write and solve an equation that you can use to approximate the year in which
237 million pounds of nuts were imported.
23. Soybeans For the period 1995–2003, the number of acres y (in millions)
of soybeans harvested in the United States can be modeled by the function
y 5 20.31x 2 1 3.8x 1 61.6 where x is the number of years since 1995.
a. Write and solve an equation that you can use to approximate the year(s) in which
73 million acres of soybeans were harvested.
b. Graph the function on a graphing calculator. Use the trace feature to find the year
in which 73 million acres of soybeans were harvested. Use the graph to check
your answer from part (a).

Algebra 1
228 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.6 For use with pages 693–698

Use the quadratic formula to solve the equation. Round your solutions to
the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
1. x 2 1 7x 2 80 5 0 2. 3x 2 2 x 2 16 5 0

3. 8x 2 2 2x 2 30 5 0 4. x 2 1 4x 1 1 5 0

5. 2x 2 1 x 1 12 5 0 6. 23x 2 2 4x 1 10 5 0

7. 5x 2 1 30x 1 32 5 0 8. x 2 1 6x 2 100 5 0

9. 4x 2 2 x 2 20 5 0 10. 5x 2 1 x 2 9 5 0

11. 6x 2 1 7x 2 3 5 0 12. 10x 2 2 7x 1 5 5 0

Tell which method(s) you would use to solve the quadratic equation.
Explain your choice(s).
13. 6x 2 2 216 5 0 14. 8x 2 5 56 15. 5x 2 2 10x 5 0

16. x 2 1 8x 1 7 5 0 17. x 2 2 6x 1 1 5 0 18. 29x 2 1 10x 5 5

Solve the quadratic equation using any method. Round your solutions
to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
19. 210x 2 5 250 20. x 2 2 16x 5 264 21. x 2 1 3x 2 8 5 0

22. x 2 5 14x 2 49 23. x 2 1 6x 5 14 24. 25x 2 1 x 5 13

25. Pasta For the period 1990–2003, the amount of biscuits, pasta, and noodles y

LESSON 10.6
(in thousands of metric tons) imported into the United States can be modeled by
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

the function y 5 1.36x2 1 27.8x 1 304 where x is the number of years since 1990.
a. Write and solve an equation that you can use to approximate the year in which
500 thousand metric tons of biscuits, pasta, and noodles were imported.
b. Write and solve an equation that you can use to approximate the year in which
575 thousand metric tons of biscuits, pasta, and noodles were imported.
26. Eggs For the period 1997–2003, the number of eggs y (in billions) produced in
the United States can be modeled by the function y 5 20.27x 2 1 3.3x 1 77 where
x is the number of years since 1997.
a. Write and solve an equation that you can use to approximate the year(s) in which
80 billion eggs were produced.
b. Graph the function on a graphing calculator. Use the trace feature to find the year
when 80 billion eggs were produced. Use the graph to check your answer from
part (a).

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 229
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.6 For use with pages 693–698

Use the quadratic formula to solve the equation. Round your solutions to
the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
1. 15x 2 1 8x 1 1 5 0 2. 4x 2 2 6x 1 2 5 0

3. 9x 2 1 9x 2 1 5 0 4. x 2 2 6x 5 15

5. 4x 2 2 3 5 10x 6. 2x 2 1 6x 1 5 5 7

7. 8x 2 5 5x 2 1 9x 1 3 8. 212 5 x 2 2 14x 1 30

9. 5x 2 2 10x 2 16 5 4x 10. 10x 2 1 10 5 8 2 6x

11. 6x 2 2 5x 5 3 2 5x 2 12. 22x 2 2 x 1 4 5 2x 1 3

Tell which method(s) you would use to solve the quadratic equation.
Explain your choice(s).
13. 13x 2 2 26x 5 0 14. 2x 2 2 9x 1 5 5 0 15. x 2 2 8x 1 1 5 0

Solve the quadratic equation using any method. Round your solutions
to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
16. 23x 2 5 218 17. x 2 2 5x 1 10 5 0 18. x 2 1 3x 2 1 5 0

19. x 2 5 9x 2 81 20. x 2 1 6x 5 10 21. 25x 2 1 x 5 13

22. 10x 2 2 4 5 6x 2 1 5 23. 2x 2 2 18 5 x 2 1 12x 24. (x 1 9)2 5 64

25. Books For the period 1990–2002, the amount of money y (in billions of dollars)
LESSON 10.6

spent in the United States on books and maps can be modeled by the function
y 5 0.0178x 2 1 1.5x 1 16 where x is the number of years since 1990.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a. Find the year in which 20 billion dollars were spent on books and maps.
b. Find the year in which 32 billion dollars were spent on books and maps.
c. Graph the function on a graphing calculator. Use the trace feature to check
your answers from parts (a) and (b).
26. Spectator Sports For the period 1990–2002, the amount of money y (in billions
of dollars) spent in the United States on admissions to spectator sports can be
modeled by the function y 5 0.0284x 2 1 0.388x 1 5 where x is the number of
years since 1990.
a. Find the year in which 7 billion dollars were spent.
b. Graph the function on a graphing calculator. Use the trace feature to find the
year in which 7 billion dollars were spent. Use the graph to check your answer
from part (a).

Algebra 1
230 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.6 For use with pages 693–698

GOAL Solve quadratic equations using the quadratic formula.

Vocabulary
By completing the square for the quadratic equation ax2 1 bx 1 c 5 0,
}
2b 6 Ï b2 2 4ac
you can develop a formula, x 5 }} 2a
, that gives the
solutions of any quadratic equation in standard form. This formula
is called the quadratic formula.

EXAMPLE 1 Solve a quadratic equation


Solve 5x 2 2 3 5 4x.

Solution
5x 2 2 3 5 4x Write original equation.
5x 2 2 4x 2 3 5 0 Write in standard form.
}
2b 6 Ï b2 2 4ac
x 5 }}
2a
Quadratic formula
}}
2(24) 6 Ï (24)2 2 4(5)(23)
5 }}} Substitute values in the quadratic formula:
2(5)
a 5 5, b 5 24, and c 5 23.
}

LESSON 10.6
4 6 Ï76
5}
10
Simplify.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

} }
4 1 Ï 76 4 2 Ï 76
The solutions are } 10
ø 1.27 and } 10
ø 20.47.

Exercises for Example 1


Use the quadratic formula to solve the equation. Round your solutions
to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
1. x 2 2 12x 2 14 5 0

2. 5y 2 2 7 5 11y

3. 9z 2 1 3z 5 5

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 231
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.6 For use with pages 693–698

EXAMPLE 2 Use the quadratic formula


Retirement Savings For the period 1995–2005, the amount of dollars
invested in an individual’s retirement account can be modeled by the
function y 5 30x2 2 24x 1 15,500 where x is the number of years since
1995. In what year was $17,000 invested?

Solution
y 5 30x 2 2 24x 1 15,500 Write function.
2
17,000 5 30x 2 24x 1 15,500 Substitute 17,000 for y.
0 5 30x 2 2 24x 2 1500 Write in standard form.
}}
2(224) 6 Ï (224)2 2 4(30)(21500)
x 5 }}} Substitute values in the quadratic formula:
2(30)
a 5 30, b 5 224, and c 5 21500.
}
24 6 Ï180,576
5 }} 60
Simplify.
} }
24 1 Ï 180,576 24 2 Ï 180,576
The solutions are }} ø 7 and }} ø 27.
60 60

The year when $17,000 is invested is about 7 years after 1995, or 2002.

EXAMPLE 3 Choose a solution method


Tell what method you would use to solve the quadratic equation.
LESSON 10.6

Explain your choice(s).

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a. 3x 2 1 13x 5 11 b. x 2 1 8x 5 7 c. 4x 2 2 25 5 0

Solution
a. The quadratic equation cannot be factored easily, and completing
the square will result in many fractions. So, the equation can be
solved using the quadratic formula.
b. The quadratic equation can be solved by completing the square
because the equation can be rewritten in the form ax 2 1 bx 1 c 5 0
where a 5 1 and b is an even number.
c. The quadratic equation can be solved using square roots because
the equation can be written in the form x 2 5 d.

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


4. In Example 2, find the year when $18,000 was invested.

Tell what method you would use to solve the quadratic equation.
Explain your choice(s).
5. x 2 1 11x 5 0 6. 23x 2 1 19x 5 27 7. 4x 2 1 16x 5 12

Algebra 1
232 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
10.6
Using Alternative Methods
For use with pages 693–698

Another Way to Solve Example 3 on page 694


Multiple Representations In Example 3 on page 694, you saw how to solve a
problem about films produced in the world from 1971–2001 by using the quadratic formula.
You can also solve the problem by using a graph.

PROBLEM Film Production For the period 1971–2001, the number y of films produced in the
world can be modeled by the function y 5 10x2 2 94x 1 3900 where x is the number
of years since 1971. In what year were 4200 films produced?

METHOD Using a Graph You can solve the problem by using a graph.

STEP 1 Graph the equation for the number of films


10,000

Number of films
produced in the world using a graphing 8,000
calculator. Graph y1 5 10x 2 2 94x 1 3900. 6,000
Because you are looking for when the 4,000
number of films produced is 4200, graph 2,000 Intersection
y2 5 4200 and find the intersection between X=11.91734 Y=4200
0
the graphs. You only need to consider
x-values between 0 and 30 because that is 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
the interval for the equation. Years since 1971

STEP 2 Find the intersection of the graphs by using the intersect feature on your
calculator. You only need to consider positive values of x because a negative
solution does not make sense in this situation. The intersection occurs at

LESSON 10.6
(11.91734, 4200). There were 4200 films produced about 12 years after 1971,
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

or in 1983.

PRACTICE 1. Cassettes For the period 1998–2003, 3. Diving Board A person jumps off of a
the number y of cassettes (in millions) 6-foot high diving board with an initial
in manufacturers’ shipments can velocity of 13 feet per second. How
be modeled by the function many seconds does it take the person
y 5 4.3x2 2 50.4x 1 162 where x is to hit the water? Round your answer to
the number of years since 1998. In the nearest tenth of a second.
what year were 50 million cassettes
4. Federal Aid For the period
shipped?
1998–2003, the amount of money y
2. Error Analysis Describe and correct (in billions of dollars) of federal aid
the error made in Exercise 1. grants to state and local governments
}} can be modeled by the function
50.4 6 Ï(50.4)2 2 4(4.3)(162)
x 5 }}} y 5 1.71x 2 1 19.14x 1 244.92 where
2(4.3)
x is the number of years since 1998.
}
50.4 6 Ï2246.24 In what year was 290 billion dollars
x 5 }}
8.6 given to state and local governments?
There was no time from 1998–2003
when 50 million cassettes were shipped.
Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 233
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.6 For use with pages 693–698

In Exercises 1–5, the solution to a quadratic equation is given.


Write an equation in standard form that has the solution.
}
22 6 Ï3
Example: x 5 }
5

Solution: The solution to the quadratic equation ax 2 1 bx 1 c 5 0 is given by


}
2b 6 Ïb 2 2 4ac 5
x 5 }} 2a
. Letting 2b 5 22 gives b 5 2, letting 2a 5 5 gives a 5 }2 ,

b2 2 3
and letting b2 2 4ac 5 3 gives c 5 }
4a
. Substituting the values for a and b you get

1 5 1
c5}
10
. So the equation }2 x 2 1 2x 1 }
10
5 0 has the desired solutions.
}
24 6 Ï 10
1. x 5 }
3
}
26 6 Ï25
2. x 5 }
7
}
1 6 Ï0
3. x 5 }
3
}
217 6 Ï 21
4. x 5 }
15
}
11 6 Ï11
5. x 5 }
11
LESSON 10.6

In Exercises 6–8, use the following information.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


If the graph of a parabola has x-intercepts, then the axis of symmetry of the parabola can
be found at the position that is the average of the two x-intercepts. Use this concept to find
the axis of symmetry for the parabola modeled by the equation.
6. y 5 3x 2 1 5x 1 2

7. y 5 2x2 2 4x 1 1

8. y 5 6x2 1 x 2 1

Algebra 1
234 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.7 For use with pages 699–705

Identify the values of a, b, and c in the quadratic equation.


1. 2x 2 1 x 2 10 5 0 2. 4x 2 2 5x 1 2 5 0 3. x 2 2 8x 1 11 5 0

4. 2x 2 1 6x 2 3 5 0 5. 12 2 3x 2 x 2 5 0 6. 3x 2 2 4x 1 15 5 0

Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation.


7. x 2 1 3x 1 6 5 0 8. x 2 2 5x 1 12 5 0 9. x 2 2 2x 2 10 5 0

10. 3x 2 2 4x 1 1 5 0 11. 5x 2 1 x 1 4 5 0 12. 2x 2 1 8x 2 3 5 0

13. 24x 2 2 6x 1 3 5 0 14. 10x 2 2 3x 1 7 5 0 15. 2x 2 2 9x 2 3 5 0

Tell whether the equation has two solutions, one solution, or no solution.
16. 3x 2 1 x 1 1 5 0 17. 2x 2 1 5x 1 7 5 0 18. x 2 2 10x 1 8 5 0

19. 4x 2 1 x 2 6 5 0 20. 2x 2 2 5x 2 8 5 0 21. 26x 2 2 2x 1 7 5 0

22. 10x 2 1 12x 2 1 5 0 23. 8x 2 2 x 1 15 5 0 24. 3x 2 1 12x 1 12 5 0

Find the number of x-intercepts that the graph of the function has.
25. y 5 x 2 2 5x 2 3 26. y 5 3x 2 2 x 2 1 27. y 5 4x 2 1 6x 1 1

28. y 5 2x 2 2 7x 1 7 29. y 5 8x 2 2 4x 1 1 30. y 5 x 2 1 2x 1 1

31. Blueprints You want to build a shed in your backyard. 10 ft x


You have blueprints which show that the shed is 15 feet
long and 10 feet wide. You want to change the dimensions
as shown. The new area can be modeled by the function
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y 5 2x 2 1 5x 1 150. 15 2 x
15 ft
a. Write an equation that you can use to determine if there
is a value of x that gives an area of 155 square feet.
b. Use the discriminant of your equation from part (a) to
show that it is possible to find a value of x for which the
area is 155 square feet.
c. Find the value(s) of x for which the area is 155 square feet. Round your answer(s)
to the nearest tenth.
32. House Painting You are painting a house. While standing on a ladder that is
LESSON 10.7

15 feet above the ground, you ask your friend to toss you a paintbrush. The starting
height of the paintbrush is 5.5 feet and its initial vertical velocity is 20 feet per
second. Write an equation that you can use to determine whether or not the paint-
brush reaches you. Then use the discriminant to determine whether the paintbrush
reaches you.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 235
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.7 For use with pages 699–705

Tell whether the equation has two solutions, one solution, or no solution.
1. x 2 1 x 1 3 5 0 2. 2x 2 2 4x 2 5 5 0 3. 22x 2 1 10x 2 5 5 0

4. 3x 2 2 9x 1 8 5 0 5. 10x 2 2 8x 1 1 5 0 6. 24x 2 1 9 5 0

7. 36x 2 2 9x 5 0 8. 3x 2 1 2 5 4x 9. 12 5 x 2 2 6x

1 2
10. } x 2 1 3 5 x 11. 28x 2 2 9x 5 } 12. 8x 2 1 12x 1 2 5 4x
6 3

Find the number of x-intercepts that the graph of the function has.
13. y 5 x 2 2 6x 2 3 14. y 5 5x 2 2 x 2 1 15. y 5 6x 2 2 6x 1 1

16. y 5 x 2 1 x 1 6 17. y 5 24x 2 1 x 1 1 18. y 5 4x 2 1 5x 2 1

19. y 5 2x 2 2 4x 1 2 20. y 5 10x 2 2 5x 1 1 21. y 5 8x 2 1 x 1 4

1 2
22. y 5 215x 2 1 3x 1 5 23. y 5 } x 2 2 4x 1 8 24. y 5 } x 2 2 5x 1 2
2 3

Give a value of c for which the equation has (a) two solutions,
(b) one solution, and (c) no solution.
25. x 2 1 10x 1 c 5 0 26. x 2 2 4x 1 c 5 0 27. 25x 2 1 10x 1 c 5 0

28. 49x 2 2 14x 1 c 5 0 29. 2x 2 1 4x 1 c 5 0 30. 3x 2 2 18x 1 c 5 0

31. Playhouse You want to build a playhouse for your sister in your 12 ft x
backyard. You have blueprints which show that the playhouse is

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


12 feet long and 13 feet wide. You want to change the dimensions
as shown. The new area can be modeled by the function 13 2 x
y 5 2x 2 1 x 1 156. 13 ft

a. Write an equation that you can use to determine if there is a


value of x that gives an area of 150 square feet.
b. Use the discriminant of your equation from part (a) to show
that it is possible to find a value of x for which the area is
150 square feet.
c. Find the value(s) of x for which the area is 150 square feet.

32. Tennis You and your friend are walking around the exterior of a tennis court that
LESSON 10.7

has a 12-foot high fence around it. You pick up a ball and try to throw it from a
height of 5 feet over the fence. You throw it with an initial vertical velocity of 20 feet
per second. Did the ball make it over the fence?

Algebra 1
236 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.7 For use with pages 699–705

Tell whether the equation has two solutions, one solution, or no solution.
1. x 2 1 x 1 5 5 0 2. 100x 2 2 36x 5 0 3. 5x 2 1 4 5 6x

1 3
4. 14 5 x 2 2 7x 5. } x 2 1 6 5 x 6. 24x 2 2 5x 5 }
3 4

7. 9x 2 1 11x 1 1 5 5x 8. 6x 2 1 10 5 3x 2 2 3x 1 4 9. 4x 2 1 4 5 12x 2 4x 2

Find the number of x-intercepts that the graph of the function has.
10. y 5 5x 2 1 4x 2 1 11. y 5 3x 2 2 15x 1 5 12. y 5 4x 2 1 x 1 8

13. y 5 x 2 2 4x 2 2 14. y 5 5x 2 2 10x 1 5 15. y 5 26x 2 1 5x 1 3

1 3
16. y 5 6x 2 1 9x 1 1 17. y 5 } x 2 2 4x 2 3 18. y 5 } x 2 2 4x 1 3
5 4

Give a value of c for which the equation has (a) two solutions,
(b) one solution, and (c) no solution.
19. x 2 1 12x 1 c 5 0 20. x 2 2 8x 1 c 5 0 21. 81x 2 1 18x 1 c 5 0

22. 36x 2 2 12x 1 c 5 0 23. 4x 2 1 24x 1 c 5 0 24. 5x 2 2 45x 1 c 5 0

Tell whether the vertex of the graph of the function lies above, below,
or on the x-axis. Explain your reasoning.
25. y 5 x 2 2 9x 1 20 26. y 5 4x 2 2 24x 1 36 27. y 5 8x 2 2 3x 1 5

28. Football You kick a football with an initial upward velocity of 42 feet per second
from the ground.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a. Use the vertical motion model to write a function that models the height h
(in feet) of the ball after t seconds.
b. Does the ball reach a height of 25 feet? If so, when?

29. Deck Box You want to build a deck box for the deck
off the back of your house. You have blueprints which
show that the base of the deck box is 18 inches wide 18 in.
and 48 inches long. You want to change the dimensions 18 2 x
as shown. The area can be modeled by the function
y 5 2x 2 2 30x 1 864. x 48 in.
LESSON 10.7

a. Can you change the dimensions so that the area is 700 square inches?
b. Can you change the dimensions so that the area is 5 square feet? Explain how
you got your answer.

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 237
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.7 For use with pages 699–705

GOAL Use the value of the discriminant.

Vocabulary
In the quadratic formula, the expression b 2 2 4ac is called the
discriminant of the associated equation ax 2 1 bx 1 c 5 0.

EXAMPLE 1 Use the discriminant

Equation Discriminant Number of


ax 2 1 bx 1 c 5 0 b 2 2 4ac solutions

a. 9x 2 1 30x 1 25 5 0 30 2 2 4(9)(25) 5 0 One solution


b. 7x 2 2 4x 1 6 5 0 (24)2 2 4(7)(6) 5 2152 No solution
c. 4x 2 2 8x 1 3 5 0 (28)2 2 4(4)(3) 5 16 Two solutions

EXAMPLE 2 Find the number of solutions


Tell whether the equation 16x2 1 49 5 56x has two solutions, one
solution, or no solution.

Solution

STEP 1 Write the equation in standard form.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


16x 2 1 49 5 56x Write equation.
16x 2 2 56x 1 49 5 0 Subtract 56x from each side.

STEP 2 Find the value of the discriminant.

b2 2 4ac 5 (256)2 2 4(16)(49) Substitute 16 for a, 256 for b,


and 49 for c.
50 Simplify.

The discriminant is zero, so the equation has one solution.


LESSON 10.7

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Tell whether the equation has two solutions, one solution, or
no solution.
1. 2x 2 1 x 5 21

2. 4x 2 1 5x 1 2 5 0

3. 25x 2 1 4 5 20x

Algebra 1
238 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.7 For use with pages 699–705

EXAMPLE 3 Find the number of x-intercepts


Find the number of x-intercepts of the graph of y 5 x2 2 12x 1 36.

Solution
Find the number of solutions of the equation 0 5 x 2 2 12x 1 36.
b2 2 4ac 5 (212)2 2 4(1)(36) Substitute 1 for a, 212 for b, and 36 for c.
50 Simplify.
The discriminant is zero, so the equation has one solution. This means that the graph
of y 5 x 2 2 12x 1 36 has one x-intercept.
CHECK You can use a graphing calculator to check your answer. Notice that the
graph of y 5 x 2 2 12x 1 36 intercepts the x-axis once.

Exercises for Example 3


Find the number of x-intercepts of the graph.
4. y 5 7x2 2 14x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

5. y 5 x2 1 7x 1 13

6. y 5 4x2 2 12x 1 9

LESSON 10.7

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 239
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.7 For use with pages 699–705

In Exercises 1–5, find the value(s) of k for which the equation has exactly
one solution.
1. x 2 1 kx 1 1 5 0

2. 4x 2 1 2x 1 k 5 0

3. 5kx 2 1 40x 1 6 5 0

4. k 2x 2 1 kx 1 k 5 0

5. kx 2 1 3k 2x 1 2k 4 5 0

In Exercises 6–8, find the value(s) of k for which the equation has
no solution. Write your answer as an inequality.
6. 3x 2 1 2x 1 k 5 0

7. kx 2 1 21x 2 3 5 0

12
8. } x 2 2 6x 1 k 2 5 0
k

In Exercises 9 and 10, find the values of k for which the equation has
exactly two solutions. Write your answer as an inequality.
9. 7kx 2 2 2x 1 3 5 0

10. k 2x 2 1 kx 1 2 5 0

11. Suppose a recreation equipment manufacturer determines that the profit


for the sale of x number of snowboards is given by the equation
P(x) 5 2400x 2 1 12,000x 2 80,000. How many snowboards would the

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


manufacturer have to sell in order to earn a profit? Write your answer
as an inequality.
LESSON 10.7

Algebra 1
240 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
10.8 For use with pages 714 and 715

TI-83 Plus

LESSON 10.8
Example 1 Example 2
From the home screen, enter the following to From the home screen, enter the following to
clear lists L1 and L2. clear lists L1 and L2.
STAT 4 2nd [L1] , 2nd [L2] ENTER STAT 4 2nd [L1] , 2nd [L2] ENTER

STAT 1 STAT 1
Move cursor to list L1. Move cursor to list L1.
0 ENTER 1 ENTER 2 ENTER 3 0 ENTER 3 ENTER 6 ENTER 9
ENTER 4 ENTER ENTER 12 ENTER 15 ENTER

Move cursor to list L2. Move cursor to list L2.


15.8 ENTER 30.7 ENTER 46 ENTER 500 ENTER 31000 ENTER 76000
75.7 ENTER 104 ENTER ENTER 135500 ENTER 201500
2nd [STAT PLOT] 1 ENTER ENTER 360000 ENTER

ENTER 2nd [L1] ENTER 2nd [STAT PLOT] 1 ENTER

2nd [L2] ENTER ENTER WINDOW ENTER 2nd [L1] ENTER

(�) 1 ENTER 9 ENTER 1 ENTER (�) 2nd [L2] ENTER ENTER WINDOW

20 ENTER 160 ENTER 20 GRAPH (�) 3 ENTER 18 ENTER 3 ENTER

STAT 0 2nd [L1] , 2nd [L2] (�) 50000 ENTER 400000 ENTER

ENTER Y= 17.5 ( 1.6 ) ^ 50000 GRAPH STAT 5 2nd [L1] ,

X,T,�,n GRAPH 2nd [L2] ENTER Y= 1440 X,T,�,n


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

x2 � 1010 X,T,�,n � 8000 GRAPH

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 241
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

Match the function with the graph it represents.


LESSON 10.8

1. Linear function 2. Exponential function 3. Quadratic function

A. y B. y C. y
5 5 5

3 3 3

1 1 1

25 23 21 1 3 x 25 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 21

Use the graph to tell whether the points represent a linear function, an
exponential function, or a quadratic function.
4. y 5. y 6. y
6
10 3
2
6 1
26 22 2 6 x
22
21 1 3 5 x
2 21
26
26 22 2 6 x

7. y 8. y 9. y
1 5
1
23 21 1 3 x
21 3
21 5 x
21

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23 1
23
21 1 3 5 7 x
25 21

Use a graph to tell whether the ordered pairs represent a linear function,
an exponential function, or a quadratic function.
10. (24, 27), (22, 24), (0, 21), (2, 2), (4, 5)
1
11. (22, 8), (21, 4), (0, 2), (1, 1), 2, }
2 1 2
y y
6 10

2 6

26 22 2 6 x
22 2

23 21 1 3 x
26 22

Algebra 1
242 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

12. (23, 0), (22, 22), (21, 22), (0, 0), (1, 4) 13. (0, 25), (1, 1), (2, 7), (3, 13), (4, 19)

LESSON 10.8
y y

3 15

1 5

23 21 1 x 21 1 3 5 x
21 25

14. (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 8), (4, 16) 15. (1, 2), (2, 21), (3, 22), (4, 21), (5, 2)
y y
20 3

12 1

21 1 3 5 x
4 21

21 1 3 5 x
24 23

Tell whether the table of values represents a linear function,


an exponential function, or a quadratic function.
16. 17.
x 28 24 0 4 8 x 23 22 21 0 1
y 21 0 1 2 3 y 625 125 25 5 1

18. 19.
x 24 23 22 21 0 x 21 0 1 2 3
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y 7 4 3 4 7 y 23 0 1 0 23

20. Baseball Salaries The graph shows a model for the salaries (in y
Salary (thousands

thousands of dollars) of baseball players for the period 199922003. 2500


of dollars)

2000
a. Is the model a linear function, a quadratic function, or an
1500
exponential function?
1000
b. Is this model good for predicting the salaries of players 500
after 2003? Explain your reasoning. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 x
Years since 1999

21. Consumer Spending The graph shows the amount of money spent y
(billions of dollars)

(in billions of dollars) in the United States on video and audio 120
Amount spent

products, computer equipment, and musical instruments for the 100


period 199022002. Tell whether the data should be modeled by 80
a linear function, an exponential function, or a quadratic function. 60
40
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
Years since 1990

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 243
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

Match the function with the graph it represents.


LESSON 10.8

1. Linear function 2. Exponential function 3. Quadratic function

A. y B. y C. y
3
3 3
1
1 1
23 21 1 x
21
21 1 3 x 23 21 1 x
21 21
23

Use a graph to tell whether the ordered pairs represent a linear function,
an exponential function, or a quadratic function.
4. (22, 16), (21, 8), (0, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1) 5. (23, 4), (22, 0), (21, 22), (0, 22), (1, 0)

y y
20
3
12
1
4
23 21 1 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
24

6. (24, 17), (22, 11), (0, 5), (2, 21), (4, 27) 7. (29, 21), (26, 22), (23, 23), (0, 24), (3, 25)

y y

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1
12
29 23 3 x
21
4

26 22 6 x
24
25

8. 1 22, }19 2, 1 21, }13 2, (0, 1), (1, 3), (2, 9) 9. (2, 5), (3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 5)

y y
10 5

6 3

2 1

23 21 1 3 x 1 3 5 x
22

Algebra 1
244 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

Tell whether the table of values represents a linear function,

LESSON 10.8
an exponential function, or a quadratic function.
10. 11.
x 0 1 2 3 4 x 22 21 0 1 2
y 1 5 25 125 625 y 210 27 24 21 2

12. 13.
x 21 0 1 2 3 x 210 25 0 5 10
y 4 1 0 1 4 y 4 3.5 3 2.5 2

14. 15.
x 22 21 0 1 2 x 24 23 22 21 0
1 1 y 23 0 1 0 23
y 32 8 2 } }
2 8

16. 17.
x 22 21 0 1 2 x 23 22 21 0 1
y 1 3 5 7 9 1
y 27 9 3 1 }
3

18. Use the graph shown.


a. Which function does the graph represent, an exponential function y (4, 256)

or a quadratic function? Explain your reasoning. 224


b. Make a table of values for the points on the graph. Then use
differences or ratios to check your answer in part (a). 160

c. Write an equation for the function that the table of values from
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

96
(3, 64)
part (b) represents.
32
(2, 16)
(0, 1) 1 (1, 4) 5 x

19. Pleasure Boats The graph shows total amount of sales Pleasure Boats
(in millions of dollars) of pleasure boats in the United States y
for the period 1990–2002. Tell whether the data should be
(millions of dollars)

16,000
modeled by a linear function, an exponential function, or 14,000
12,000
Sales

a quadratic function. Explain your reasoning. 10,000


8,000
20. Computer Value The value V of a computer between 1999
6,000
and 2003 is given in the table. Tell whether the data should 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
be modeled by a linear function, an exponential function, or
Years since 1990
a quadratic function. Then write an equation for the function.

Years since 1999, t 0 1 2 3 4


Value, V (dollars) 800 725 650 575 500

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 245
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

Match the function with the graph it represents.


LESSON 10.8

1. Linear function 2. Exponential function 3. Quadratic function

A. y B. y C. y
5 5
1
3 3
1 3 x
21
1 1
23
23 21 1 3 5 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21

Use a graph to tell whether the ordered pairs represent a linear function,
an exponential function, or a quadratic function.
4. (25, 5), (23, 23), (21, 23), (0, 0), (1, 5) 5. (24, 222), (22, 212), (0, 22), (2, 8), (4, 18)

y y
18
6
6
2
26 22 2 6 x
26
25 23 21 1 x
22
218

6. (0, 25), (2, 24.5), (4,24), (6, 23.5), (8, 23)


1 1
1
7. (22, 8), (21, 2), 0, } , 1, } , 2, }
2 8
1
32 21 21 2
y y

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1
6
22 2 6 10 x
21
2
23
23 21 1 3 x
22
25

8. (27, 7), (26, 4), (25, 3), (24, 4), (23, 7) 9. (0, 1), (1, 4), (2, 16), (3, 64), (4, 256)

y y
10 320

6 192

2 64

210 26 22 2 x 21 1 3 5 x
22 264

Algebra 1
246 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

Tell whether the table of values represents a linear function,

LESSON 10.8
an exponential function, or a quadratic function.
10. 11.
x 0 1 2 3 4 x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 y 26 23 22 23 26

12. 13.
x 24 23 22 21 0 x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1296 216 36 6 1 y 6 3 0 23 26

14. 15.
x 25 24 23 22 21 x 23 22 21 0 1
y 24 21 0 21 24 1
y 1024 128 16 2 }
4

16. 17.
x 23 22 21 0 1 x 2 3 4 5 6
y 15 11 7 3 21 y 2 21 22 21 2

18. Use the graph shown. y

a. Which function does the graph represent, an exponential function (23, 64)
56
or a quadratic function? Explain your reasoning.
b. Make a table of values for the points on the graph. Then use 40
differences or ratios to check your answer in part (a).
24
c. Write an equation for the function that the table of values from (22, 16)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

part (b) represents. (0, 1)


8
(21, 4) (1, 0.25)
23 21 1 3 x

19. Printer Value The value V of a printer between 1999 and 2003 is given in the
table. Tell whether the data should be modeled by a linear function, an exponential
function, or a quadratic function. Then write an equation for the function.

Years since 1999, t 0 1 2 3 4


Value, V (dollars) 2000 1920 1840 1760 1680

20. Interest The balance B of an account is given in the table. Tell whether the data
should be modeled by a linear function, an exponential function, or a quadratic
function. Then write an equation for the function.

Time, t (years) 0 1 2 3 4
Balance, B (dollars) 1020.20 1040.60 1061.42 1082.64 1104.30

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 247
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

GOAL Compare linear, exponential, and quadratic models.


LESSON 10.8

EXAMPLE 1 Choose functions using sets of ordered pairs


Use a graph to tell whether the ordered pairs represent a linear
function, an exponential function, or a quadratic function.
a. (22, 216), ( 21, 215), (0, 212), (1, 27), (2, 0)
b. (22, 1), ( 21, 3), (0, 5), (1, 7), (2, 9)

c. 1 22, }
25 2 1
1
, 21, }5 2, (0, 1), (1, 5), (2, 25)
1

Solution
a. y b. y c. y
2 9 27

22 x
22 7 21

26 5 15

210 3 9

1 3

21 1 x 23 21 1 x

Quadratic function Linear function Exponential function

EXAMPLE 2 Identify functions using differences or ratios

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Use differences or ratios to tell whether the table of values represents
a linear function, an exponential function, or a quadratic function.

Solution

x 21 0 1 2
y 1 3 9 27

3
Ratios: }1 5 3 3 3

The table represents an exponential function.

Algebra 1
248 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2

LESSON 10.8
1. Tell whether the ordered pairs represent a linear function, a quadratic
function, or an exponential function: (21, 26), (0, 24), (1, 0), (2, 6).
2. Tell whether the table represents a linear function, a quadratic function, or an
exponential function.

x 0 1 2 3
y 26 3 12 21

EXAMPLE 3 Write an equation for a function


Tell whether the table of values represents a linear function, an
exponential function, or a quadratic function. Then write an equation
for the function.

STEP 1 Determine which type of function the values in the table represent.

x 21 0 1 2 3
y 7 5 3 1 21

First differences: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
The table of values represents a linear function because the first differences
are equal.
STEP 2 Write an equation for the linear function. The equation has the form
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y 5 mx 1 b. When x 5 0, y 5 5, so b 5 5. Find m by substituting any


two points into the slope formula. y
7
527 22
m5}5}
1
5 22
0 2 (21)
5
The equation is y 5 22x 1 5.
3
CHECK Plot the ordered pairs from the table.
Then graph y 5 22x 1 5 to see that 1
the graph passes through the plotted 21 1 x
points. 21

Exercises for Example 3


Tell whether the table of values represents a linear function, an
exponential function, or a quadratic function. Then write an equation
for the function.
3. 4.
x 21 0 1 2 x 22 21 0 1 2
y 12 6 2 0 y 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 249
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
10.5–10.8
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 685–713
LESSON 10.8

1. Multi-Step Problem Different currents 4. Open-Ended Write a quadratic equation


(in amperes) are sent through an electric that has no solution. Use the discriminant
circuit. The powers (in volts) that are to verify the quadratic equation has no
recorded from the electric current are shown solution.
in the table.
5. Short Response For the period
1997–2002, the average monthly basic rate
Current (amperes) Power (volts)
y (in dollars) for cable television can be
0.5 5 modeled by y 5 0.15x 2 1 0.93x 1 26.55
where x is the number of years since 1997.
1 20
a. Use the discriminant to determine the
1.5 45 number of values of x that correspond
to y 5 29.
2 80
b. Were there any years during the period
2.5 125 1997–2002 in which the average
monthly basic rate for cable television
a. Tell whether the data can be modeled reached $29? Explain.
by a linear function, an exponential
function, or a quadratic function. 6. Gridded Response The triangle below
has an area of 50 square inches. What is the
b. Write an equation for the function.
value of x? Round your answer to the nearest
2. Multi-Step Problem A lacrosse player tenth.
throws a ball upward from his playing stick (x 2 3) in.
with an initial height of 6.5 feet above the (x 2 2) in.
ground at initial vertical velocity of 80 feet
per second. (x 1 8) in.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a. Write an equation for the height h
(in feet) of the ball as a function of the 7. Extended Response You want to place a
time t (in seconds) after it is thrown. walkway around a pool as shown.
b. Another player catches the ball when x ft
it is 4 feet above the ground. How
long after the ball is thrown is the ball
28 ft
caught? Round your answer to the
nearest second. 40 ft
x ft
3. Multi-Step Problem From the edge of
a ledge directly over a target, you throw a x ft x ft
marker with an initial downward velocity of a. Write an equation for the area A
230 feet per second from a height of (in square inches) of the walkway.
80 feet.
b. You have enough bricks to cover
a. Write an equation for the height h (in 450 square feet. What should the
feet) of the marker as a function of the width of the walkway be? Round
time t (in seconds) after it is thrown. your answer to the nearest foot.
b. How long will it take the marker to hit c. Explain why you could ignore one of
the target? Round your answer to the the values of x in part (b).
nearest tenth of a second.
Algebra 1
250 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
10.8 For use with pages 706–713

In Exercises 1–3, use the following data.

LESSON 10.8
(0, 3), (2, 7), (3, 9), (5, k)

1. Tell whether the data fits a linear model, quadratic model, or exponential model.

2. Find a value of k that makes the data fit the model selected in Exercise 1.

3. Write the model for the value of k found in Exercise 2.

In Exercises 4–6, use the following data.

(1, 3), (3, 6.75), (5, 15.1875), (7, k)

4. Tell whether the data fits a linear model, quadratic model, or exponential model.

5. Find a value of k that makes the data fit the model selected in Exercise 4.

6. Write the model for the value of k found in Exercise 5.

In Exercises 7–9, use the following data.

(2, 10), (5, 73), (8, 190), (11, k)

7. Tell whether the data fits a linear model, quadratic model, or exponential model.

8. Find a value of k that makes the data fit the model selected in Exercise 7.

9. Write the model for the value of k found in Exercise 8.

10. The weight of a male African elephant increases during the first year of life
according to the model y 5 10,000 2 9650(k) x where y represents the weight
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

(in pounds) of the elephant and x represents the number of months after birth.
If a one-year-old male African elephant weights 2000 pounds, how much did the
elephant weigh when it was 4 months old?

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book 251
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Chapter Review Game
10 For use after Chapter 10

Vertical Motion Puzzle


The vertical motion model h 5 216(t 1 3)(t 2 3) models the height h
(in feet) of an object after t seconds. Use the coordinate plane to plot the
points according to the directions below. Then use the resulting figure to
determine the initial height (in feet) of the object.
Plot the following points and connect them in order.

1. Use the negative solution of x 2 2 2x 2 3 5 0 as the x-coordinate of (x, 2).

2. Use the solution of x 2 1 2x 5 21 as the x-coordinate of (x, 6).

Plot the following points and connect them in order.

3. Use the greatest positive solution of 2x 2 2 11x 1 15 5 0 as the x-coordinate


of (x, 2).
1
4. Use the discriminant of 5x 2 1 4x 1 } 5 0 as the y-coordinate of (3, y).
2

5. Use the positive solution 10x 2 2 10 5 0 as the x-coordinate of (x, 4).

6. Use the positive solution of 3x 2 2 8x 2 3 5 0 as the x-coordinate of (x, 4).

Plot the following points and connect them in order.

7. Use the least positive solution of x 2 2 15x 1 54 5 0 as the x-coordinate of (x, 2).

8. Use the solution of 22x2 1 24x 2 72 5 0 as the x-coordinate of (x, 6).

9. Use the discriminant of 23x 2 1 8x 5 5 as the y-coordinate of (4, y).

10. Use the positive solution of 5x 2 2 30x 5 0 as the x-coordinate of (x, 4).

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


y

1
CHAPTER REVIEW GAME

21 1 3 5 7 x

Algebra 1
252 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter
11 For use with Chapter 11

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Chapter Overview One way you can help your student succeed in Chapter 11
is by discussing the lesson goals in the chart below. When a lesson is completed, ask your
student the following questions. “What were the goals of the lesson? What new words and
formulas did you learn? How can you apply the ideas of the lesson to your life?”

Lesson Title Lesson Goals Key Applications

11.1: Graph Square Root Graph square root • Microphone Sales


Functions functions. • Oceanography
• Long Jump
11.2: Simplify Radical Simplify radical expressions. • Astronomy
Expressions • Finance
Focus on Operations Perform operations with cube • Horizon
roots.
11.3: Solve Radical Equations Solve radical equations. • Sailing
• Forests
• Biology
11.4: Apply the Pythagorean Use the Pythagorean theorem • Construction
Theorem and Its Converse and its converse. • Sails
• Screen Sizes
11.5: Apply the Distance and Use the distance and midpoint • Sightseeing
Midpoint Formulas formulas. • Subway
• Archaeology
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Key Ideas for Chapter 11

In Chapter 11, you will apply the key ideas listed in the Chapter Opener (see page 733)
and reviewed in the Chapter Summary (see page 778).
1. Graphing square root functions
2. Using properties of radicals in expressions and equations
3. Working with radicals in geometry

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 253
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter continued
11 For use with Chapter 11
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Key Ideas Your student can demonstrate understanding of key concepts by working through the
following exercises with you.

Lesson Exercise
}
11.1 Graph the function y 5 2Ï x 2 3 and identify its domain and range.
}
Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 Ïx .

11.2 Simplify the expression.


}
}
(a) Ï220
} }
(b) 3Ï 5x p Ï 4x
3 2
} }
(c) (6 1 Ï 7 )(3 2 Ï 7 )
Ï75xy 2
(d) }}
Ï5x2y 3
Focus on Simplify the expression. Assume variables are nonzero.
Operations
3} 3} 3} 3}
(a) Ï4 • Ï 128 (b) 9Ï6t 2 13Ï6t
11.3 Solve the equation. Check for extraneous solutions.
} }
(a) 3Ïx 2 5 2 6 5 9 (b) Ï 2x 1 8 5 x
11.4 A garage door has a height of x feet and a width of (x 1 2.5) feet. If the
diagonal (hypotenuse) of the garage door is 12.5 feet, find the actual height
and width of the garage door.

11.5 Find the distance between the two points. Then find the midpoint of the line
segment connecting the two points.
(a) (25, 1), (7, 3) (b) (2, 28), (26, 22)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Home Involvement Activity

Directions Create a treasure map, where either the Pythagorean theorem or the
distance formula must be used to get from one point (clue) to another. Have a parent,
sibling, or guardian follow your directions to reach the treasure.

(b) 10 units; (22, 25)


(b) 24Ï 6t 11.3: (a) 30 (b) 4 11.4: 7.5 ft; 10 ft 11.5: (a) 2Ï37 units; (1, 2)
} 3}
xy Focus on Operations: (a) 8
11.2: (a) 2Ï55 (b) 6x 2Ï 5x (c)11 2 3Ï 7 (d) }
Ï15xy } } }
}
x 5 3 1

(of 3 units to the right) of the graph of y 5 Ïx . 3


}
vertical stretch (by a factor of 2) and a horizontal translation
5
Domain: x ≥ 3; Range: y ≥ 0; The graph of y 5 2Ï x 2 3 is a y 11.1:
}
Answers

Algebra 1
254 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia
11 Usar con el Capítulo 11

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Vistazo al capítulo Una manera en que puede ayudar a su hijo a tener éxito en el Capítulo
11 es hablar sobre los objetivos de la lección en la tabla a continuación. Cuando se termina una
lección, pregúntele a su hijo lo siguiente: “¿Cuáles fueron los objetivos de la lección? ¿Qué
palabras y fórmulas nuevas aprendiste? ¿Cómo puedes aplicar a tu vida las ideas de la lección?”

Título de la lección Objetivos de la lección Aplicaciones clave

11.1: Graficar funciones de Graficar funciones de raíces • Ventas de micrófonos


raíces cuadradas cuadradas • Oceanografía
• Salto largo
11.2: Simplificar expresiones Simplificar expresiones • Astronomía
radicales radicales • Finanzas
Enfoque en las Hacer operaciones con raíces • Horizonte
operaciones cúbicas
11.3: Resolver ecuaciones Resolver ecuaciones radicales • Navegación
radicales • Bosques
• Biología
11.4: Aplicar el teorema de Usar el teorema de Pitágoras • Construcción
Pitágoras y su recíproco y su recíproco • Velas
• Tamaños de pantalla
11.5: Aplicar las fórmulas de Usar las fórmulas de distancia • Hacer turismo
distancia y del punto y del punto medio • Metro
medio
• Arqueología
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Ideas clave para el Capítulo 11

En el Capítulo 11, aplicarás las ideas clave enumeradas en la Presentación del capítulo
(ver la página 733) y revisadas en el Resumen del capítulo (ver la página 778).
1. Graficar funciones de raíces cuadradas
2. Usar propiedades de radicales en expresiones y ecuaciones
3. Trabajar con radicales en geometría

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 255
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
CHAPTER
Carta para la familia continúa
11 Usar con el Capítulo 11
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Ideas clave Su hijo puede demostrar la comprensión de las ideas clave al hacer los siguientes
ejercicios con usted.

Lección Ejercicio
}
11.1 Grafica la función y 5 2Ï x 2 3 e identifica su dominio y rango. Compara la gráfica
}
con la gráfica de y 5 Ïx .

11.2 Simplifica la expresión.


}
}
(a) Ï220
} }
(b) 3Ï 5x p Ï 4x
3 2
} }
(c) (6 1 Ï 7 )(3 2 Ï 7 )
Ï75xy 2
(d) }}
Ï5x2y 3
Enfoque Simplifica la expresión. Asume que las variables no son cero.
en las
3} 3} 3} 3}
operaciones (a) Ï4 • Ï 128 (b) 9Ï6t 2 13Ï6t
11.3 Resuelve la ecuación. Busca soluciones extrañas.
} }
(a) 3Ïx 2 5 2 6 5 9 (b) Ï2x 1 8 5 x
11.4 Una puerta de garaje tiene una altura de x pies y un ancho de (x 1 2.5) pies. Si la
diagonal (hipotenusa) de la puerta es 12.5 pies, halla la altura y el ancho verdaderos
de la puerta.

11.5 Halla la distancia entre dos puntos. Luego halla el punto medio del segmento
conectando los dos puntos.
(a) (25, 1), (7, 3) (b) (2, 28), (26, 22)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Actividad para la familia

Instrucciones Haz un mapa de tesoro en que se puede usar o el teorema de


Pitágoras o la fórmula de distancia para ir de un punto (pista) a otro. Pida a un padre,
hermano o tutor que siga tus indicaciones para encontrar el tesoro.

(b) 10 units; (22, 25)


(b) 24Ï 6t 11.3: (a) 30 (b) 4 11.4: 7.5 ft; 10 ft 11.5: (a) 2Ï37 units; (1, 2)
} 3}
xy Enfoque en las operaciones: (a) 8
11.2: (a) 2Ï55 (b) 6x 2Ï 5x (c)11 2 3Ï 7 (d) }
Ï15xy } } }
}
x 5 3 1

(de 3 unidades a la derecha) de la gráfica de y 5 Ï x . 3


}
extensión vertical (por un factor de 2) y una traslación
5
Dominio: x ≥ 3; Rango: y ≥ 0; La gráfica de y 5 2Ï x 2 3 es una y 11.1:
}
Respuestas

Algebra 1
256 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
11.1 For use with page 741

TI-83 Plus Casio CFX-9850GC Plus


}
Y= 2nd [Ï ] 2 X,T,�,n � 3 ) From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
}
WINDOW (�) 5 ENTER 5 ENTER 1 SHIFT ( [Ï ] 2 X,,T � 3 )

ENTER (�) 5 ENTER 5 ENTER 1 EXE SHIFT F3 (�) 5 EXE 5 EXE 1


ENTER GRAPH EXE (�) 5 EXE 5 EXE 1 EXE EXIT

F6

LESSON 11.1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 257
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

Match the function with its graph.


} } 1 }
1. y 5 8Ï x 2. y 5 28Ï x 3. y 5 } Ï x
8
A. y B. y C. y
5 25
0.3
22 2 6 10 x
25 15
0.1
215 5
22 2 6 10 x
20.1
22 2 6 10 x
225 25

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
}
with the graph of y 5 Ï x.
LESSON 11.1

} } }
4. y 5 6Ï x 5. y 5 0.4Ï x 6. y 5 22Ï x
y y y

10 1.0 1

21 1 3 5 x
6 0.6 21

2 0.2 23

22 2 6 10 x 22 2 6 10 x
22 20.2 25

Match the function with its graph.


} } }
7. y 5 Ï x 1 5 2 2 8. y 5 Ï x 2 2 1 5 9. y 5 Ï x 2 5 1 2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


} } }
10. y 5 Ï x 2 5 2 2 11. y 5 Ï x 1 2 2 5 12. y 5 Ï x 1 5 1 2

A. y B. y C. y
1 5
1
21 1 3 5 x
21 3
25 21 1 x
21
23 1
23
25 23 21 1 x
25 21

D. y E. y F. y
10 6 10

6 2 6

22 2 10 x
2 22 2

22 2 6 10 x 22 2 6 10 x
22 26 22

Algebra 1
258 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
}
with the graph of y 5 Ï x.
} } }
13. y 5 Ï x 2 5 14. y 5 Ï x 1 3 15. y 5 Ï x 2 6
y y y
6 6
3
2 2
1
26 22 2 6 x 26 22 2 6 x
22 22
23 21 1 3 x
21
26 26
23

} } }
16. y 5 Ï x 2 2 17. y 5 Ï x 1 3 18. y 5 Ï x 2 5

LESSON 11.1
y y y
6
3 6
2
1 2
26 22 2 6 x
22
23 21 1 3 x 22 2 6 10 x
21 22
26
23 26

19. Fire Hoses For a fire hose with a nozzle that has a diameter of
f
2 inches, the}flow rate f (in gallons per minute) can be modeled 700
Flow rate (gal/min)

by f 5 120Ïp where p is the nozzle pressure in pounds per


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

600
square inch. 500
400
a. Graph the function and identify its domain and range.
300
b. If the flow rate is 720 gallons per minute, what is the 200
nozzle pressure? 100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 p
Nozzle pressure (lb/in.2 )

20. Horizon The distance d (in nautical miles) that a person can see
d
(nautical miles)

}
to the horizon is given by the formula d 5 1.17Ï h where h is the 20
Distance

person’s eye level in feet. 15


10
a. Graph the function and identify its domain and range.
5
b. A person can see 20 nautical miles to the horizon. 0
0 100 200 h
What is the person’s eye level? Round your answer
Eye level (feet)
to the nearest nautical mile.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 259
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
}
with the graph of y 5 Ïx.
} 1 } }
1. y 5 7Ï x 2. y 5 } Ï x 3. y 5 24Ï x
5
y y y
14
3 2
10
26 22 2 6 x
1 22
6
23 21 1 3 x
21 26
2
23 210
26 22 2 6 x
LESSON 11.1

}
Describe how you would graph the function by using the graph of y 5 Ï x.
} } }
4. y 5 Ï x 2 8 5. y 5 Ï x 1 3 6. y 5 Ï x 1 7

Îx 2 }12
}
} }
7. y 5 Ï x 2 5 8. y 5 Ï x 1 3.5 9. y 5

Match the function with its graph.


} } }
10. y 5 Ï x 1 4 2 3 11. y 5 Ï x 2 3 1 4 12. y 5 Ï x 2 4 1 3
} } }
13. y 5 Ï x 2 4 2 3 14. y 5 Ï x 1 3 2 4 15. y 5 Ï x 1 3 1 3

A. y B. y C. y
5 1 5

23 21 1 3 x
3 21 3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 23 1

21 1 3 5 x 21 1 3 5 x
21 25 21

D. y E. y F. y
5 1 1
x
23 21 21 1 3 5 x
3

1 23 23

23 21 1 3 x
21 25 25

Algebra 1
260 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
}
with the graph of y 5 Ï x.
} } }
16. y 5 Ï x 1 4 2 4 17. y 5 Ï x 1 5 1 1 18. y 5 Ï x 2 6 1 4
y y y
3
6
1
1 2
23 21 1 3 x
21
25 23 21 1 3 x 26 22 2 6 10 x
21 22
23
23 26

LESSON 11.1
} } }
19. y 5 Ï x 2 5 2 7 20. y 5 Ï x 2 1 1 2 21. y 5 Ï x 1 5 2 4
y y y
6 3
3
2 1
1
26 22 2 6 10 x 25 23 21 1 3 x
22 21
23 21 1 3 x
21
26 23
23

22. Box Design You are designing a box with a square base that will hold
x
popcorn. The box must be 9 inches tall. The side length x (in inches) 7
Side length (inches)

1 }
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

of the box is given by the function x 5 }3 Ï V where V is the volume 6


5
(in cubic inches) of the box. 4
a. Graph the function and identify its domain and range. 3
b. What is the volume of a box with a side length of 5 inches? 2
1
c. What is the volume of a box with a side length of 8 inches?
0
0 200 400 V
Volume
(cubic inches)

23. Steel Pipe The inside diameter d of a steel pipe (in inches)
d
Diameter (inches)

and the weight w of water }in the pipe (in pounds) are related 15
by the function d 5 1.71Ïw. 12
a. Graph the function and identify its domain and range. 9
6
b. What does the water weigh in a pipe with an inside 3
diameter of 17 inches? Round your answer to the 0
nearest pound. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 w
Weight (pounds)
c. What does the water weigh in a pipe with an inside
diameter of 3.5 inches? Round your answer to the
nearest pound.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 261
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
}
with the graph of y 5 Ï x.
} 3 } }
1. y 5 2.5Ï x 2. y 5 2} Ï x 3. y 5 20.25Ï x
5
y y y
0.75
3 1.8
0.25
1 0.6
23 21 1 3 x
20.25
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 20.6
20.75
23 21.8
LESSON 11.1

}
Describe how you would graph the function by using the graph of y 5 Ï x.
} } 3 }
4. y 5 Ï x 1 2.5 5. y 5 Ï x 2 } 6. y 5 Ï x 1 12
2

Îx 2 }14
}
} } 3
7. y 5 8. y 5 Ï x 1 5.5 9. y 5 Ï x 1 }
4

Match the function with its graph.


} } }
10. y 5 3Ï x 1 2 2 1 11. y 5 2Ï x 2 1 1 3 12. y 5 3Ï x 2 1 1 2
} } }
13. y 5 Ï x 2 3 2 2 14. y 5 3Ï x 1 1 2 2 15. y 5 Ï x 1 2 1 3

A. y B. y C. y

1 5 5

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 3 7 x
3 3

1 1

21 1 3 5 x 21 1 3 5 x

D. y E. y F. y
5
5 3

3 1
1
1 3 5 x
1
23 21 1 3 x
21
21 1 3 5 x

Algebra 1
262 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
}
with the graph of y 5 Ï x.
} } }
16. y 5 Ï x 1 6 2 4 17. y 5 2Ï x 2 1 1 5 18. y 5 Ï x 2 3 2 3
y y y

6 6 3

2 2 1

26 22 2 6 x 26 22 2 6 x 21 1 3 5 x
22 22 21

26 26 23

LESSON 11.1
} } }
19. y 5 2Ï x 1 6 1 2 20. y 5 Ï x 2 7 1 8 21. y 5 2Ï x 2 4.5 1 2.5
y y y
10
6 6
6
2 2
2
26 22 2 6 x 22 2 6 10 x
22 22
2 6 10 14 x

26 26

22. Bridge The time t (in seconds) it takes an object dropped from a
t
height h (in meters) to reach the ground is given by the function 2.5
Time (seconds)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

}
Ï10 } 2.0
t5}
7
Ïh . 1.5
1.0
a. Graph the function and identify its domain and range.
0.5
b. You are on a bridge that passes over a river. It takes about 0
1.5 seconds for a stone dropped from the bridge to reach 0 5 10 15 20 25 h
Height (meters)
the river. About how high is the bridge?
23. Steel Pipe The radius of gyration of a steel pipe is a number
r
Radius of gyration

that describes a pipe’s resistance to buckling. The greater 2.5


value of r, the more resistance to buckling. The radius of 2.0
(inches)

gyration r (in inches) of a steel pipe is given by the function 1.5


1 }
r 5 }4 Ï D2 1 d 2 where D is the outside diameter of the pipe 1.0
0.5
(in inches) and d is the inside diameter of the pipe (in inches). 0
One standard outside pipe diameter is 4 inches. Write a 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 d
Inside diameter (inches)
function for r and d using D 5 4.
a. Graph the function and identify its domain and range.
b. If you want a pipe with a 4-inch outside diameter and a radius
of gyration of 1.3 inches, what must its inside diameter be?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 263
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

GOAL Graph square root functions.

Vocabulary
A radical expression is an expression that contains a radical, such as a
square root, cube root, or other root.
A radical function involves a radical expression with the independent
variable in the radicand.
If the radical is a square root, then the function is called a square root
function.
The most basic square root function in the family of all square root
}
functions, called the parent square root function, is y 5 Ï x .
LESSON 11.1

}
EXAMPLE 1 Graph a function in the form y 5 aÏ x
}
Graph the function y 5 5Ï x and identify its domain and range. Compare
}
the graph with the graph of y = Ï x .

Solution

STEP 1 Make a table. Because the square root of y


14
a negative number is undefined, x must be
y55 x
non-negative. So the domain is x ≥ 0. 10

x 0 1 2 3 6

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


y 0 5 7.1 8.7 2 y5 x

STEP 2 Plot the points. 2 6 10 x

STEP 3 Draw a smooth curve through the points. From either the table or the graph,
you can see the range of the function is y ≥ 0.
} }
STEP 4 Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 Ï x . The graph of y 5 5Ï x is a
}
vertical stretch (by a factor of 5) of the graph of y 5 Ï x .

Exercises for Example 1


Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the
}
graph with the graph of y 5 Ï x .
} }
1. y 5 4Ï x 2. y 5 26Ï x

Algebra 1
264 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
11.1 For use with pages 734–741
}
EXAMPLE 2 Graph a function in the form y 5 Ï x 1 k
}
Graph the function y 5 Ï x 22 and identify its domain and range.
}
Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 Ï x .

Solution
To graph the function, make a table, plot the y
points, and draw a smooth curve through the
3 y5 x
points. The domain is x ≥ 0.
1
x 0 1 2 3 4
5 x
y 21
22 21 20.6 20.3 0 y5 x22

LESSON 11.1
}
The range is y ≥ 22. The graph of y 5 Ï x 2 2 is
a vertical translation (of 2 units down) of the graph
}
of y 5 Ï x .

}
EXAMPLE 3 Graph a function in the form y 5 aÏx 2 h 1 k
}
Graph the function y 5 3Ï x 1 2 2 4.

Solution
}
STEP 1 Sketch the graph of y 5 3Ï x . y
10 y53 x
STEP 2 Shift the graph h units horizontally
and k units vertically. Notice that 6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

} }
y 5 3Ï x 1 2 2 4 5 3Ï x 2 (22) 1 (24).
So, h 5 22 and k 5 24. Shift the graph (0, 0) y53 x1224
left 2 units and down 4 units. 26 22 2 6 10 x

(22, 24)

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the
}
graph with the graph of y 5 Ï x .
} }
3. y 5 Ï x 1 1 4. y 5 Ï x 2 3

5. Identify the domain and range of the function in Example 3.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 265
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
11.1 For use with pages 734–741

In Exercises 1–5, graph the function and identify its domain and range.
}
Compare the graph with the graph of y 5 Ï x .
}
1. y 5 Ï 6 2 x
}
2. y 5 2Ï 2x
}
3. y 5 2Ï 1 2 x
}

Ï}2 x 1 2
1
4. y 5
}
5. y 5 Ï 2 2 x 1 3

In Exercises 6–10, write a rule for a radical function that has the
given properties.
LESSON 11.1

6. The domain is all real numbers greater than or equal to 2. The range is all real
numbers greater than or equal to 1.
7. The domain is all real numbers less than or equal to 4. The range is all real numbers
greater than or equal to 0.
8. The domain is all real numbers greater than or equal to 0. The range is all real
numbers less than or equal to 1.
9. The domain is all real numbers less than or equal to 5. The range is all real numbers
less than or equal to 3.
10. The domain is all real numbers greater than or equal to 21. The range is all real
numbers greater than or equal to 0.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
266 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Activity Support Master
11.2 For use with page 742

Values of Value of Value of


} } }
a and b Ïa p Ïb Ïab
a 5 4, b 5 9
a 5 9, b 5 16
a 5 25, b 5 4
a 5 16, b 5 36

Values of Value of Value of


} } }
a and b Ïa p Ïb Ïab
a 5 2, b 5 3
a 5 10, b 5 5
a 5 7, b 5 11
a 5 13, b 5 6

Value of Value of
Values of
Î}ba
}
Ïa }
a and b }}
Ïb

a 5 4, b 5 16

LESSON 11.2
a 5 9, b 5 25
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a 5 36, b 5 4
a 5 4, b 5 49

Value of Value of
Values of
Î}ba
}
Ïa }
a and b }
}
Ïb

a 5 1, b 5 2
a 5 3, b 5 8
a 5 12, b 5 7
a 5 6, b 5 11

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 267
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
11.2 For use with pages 742–750

Match the radical with the simplified expression.


} } }
1. Ï 150 2. Ï 90 3. Ï 60
} } }
A. 3Ï 10 B. 2Ï 15 C. 5Ï 6

Simplify the expression.


} } }
4. Ï 99 5. Ï 28 6. Ï 54
} } }
7. Ï 50 8. Ï 27a 9. Ï16x 2
} } } }
10. Ï100n 3 11. Ï125p 3 12. Ï 3 p Ï 15

Name the value of 1 that you would multiply the radical expression by to
rationalize the denominator.
1 3 1
13. }} 14. }} 15. }}
Ï23 Ï10 Ï 5x

Simplify the expression by rationalizing the denominator.


1 1 7
16. } } 17. }} 18. } }
Ï5 Ï17 Ï3

Simplify the expression.


} } } } } }
19. 3Ï 5 1 4Ï 5 20. 10Ï 2 2 3Ï 2 21. Ï 7 2 4Ï 7
} } } } } }
22. 4Ï 18 1 Ï 18 23. 5Ï 8 2 4Ï 8 24. Ï 12 1 3Ï 3
} } } } } }
LESSON 11.2

25. Ï 2 (1 1 Ï 2 ) 26. Ï 3 (Ï 3 2 2) 27. Ï 3 (1 1 Ï 12 )

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


}
28. Electricity The voltage V (in volts) required for a circuit is given by V 5 Ï PR
where P is the power (in watts) and R is the resistance (in ohms). Find the volts
needed to light a 60-watt light bulb with a resistance of 110 ohms. Round your
answer to the nearest tenth.
29. Drum Heads The radius r (in inches) of a circle with an area A (in square inches)

Î
}
A
is given by the function r 5 }
π
.
a. The drum head on a conga drum has an area of 16π square inches. Find the
diameter of the drum head.
b. The drum head on a bongo has an area of 9π square inches. Find the diameter
of the drum head.

Algebra 1
268 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
11.2 For use with pages 742–750

Simplify the expression.


} } }
1. Ï 200 2. Ï 45 3. Ï 112
} } }
4. Ï 400d 5. Ï9y 2 6. Ï25n3
} } } } } }
7. Ï 3 p Ï 21 8. Ï 20 p Ï 15 9. Ï 10x p Ï 2x

Î
}

Î1681
}
Î}495
}
x2
10. } 11. 12. }
144

Simplify the expression by rationalizing the denominator.

Î503 Î}759
} }
4
13. } } 14. } 15.
Ï5
2 1 9
16. } } 17. }} 18. }}
Ïp Ï3y Ï2x

Simplify the expression.


} } } } } }
19. 10Ï 7 1 3Ï 7 20. 4Ï 5 2 7Ï 5 21. Ï 7 (4 2 Ï 7 )
} } } } }
22. Ï 5 (8Ï 10 1 1) 23. (2Ï3 1 5)2 24. (6 1 Ï3 )(6 2 Ï3 )

25. Water Flow You can measure the speed of water by using an
L-shaped tube. The speed V of the water (in miles per hour) is h

Î5
}
given by the function V 5 }2 h where h is the height of the V

LESSON 11.2
column of water above the surface (in inches).
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a. If you use the tube in a river and find that h is 6 inches, what is the speed of the
water? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
b. If you use the tube in a river and find that h is 8.5 inches, what is the speed of
the water? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
26. Walking Speed The maximum walking speed S (in feet per second) of an animal
}
is given by the function S 5 Ï gL where g is 32 feet per second squared and L is
the length of the animal’s leg (in feet).
a. How fast can an animal whose legs are 9 inches long walk? Round your answer
to the nearest hundredth.
b. How fast can an animal whose legs are 3 feet long walk? Round your answer to
the nearest hundredth.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 269
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
11.2 For use with pages 742–750

Simplify the expression.


} } }
1. Ï45s 3 2. Ï196r 4 3. Ï450c5
} } } }
4. Ï124m4n10 5. 11Ï x7y 8 6. Ïa3b p Ïab

Î
}

Î
}
} } 121 5d 2
7. Ï27xy p Ï5y 3
8. }2
16m
9. }
125

Simplify the expression by rationalizing the denominator.

Î
}

Î
}
Î
}
5 7m5 125
10. } 11. } 12. }3
8 11 4x

Simplify the expression.


} } } } } } } }
13. Ï 15 1 5Ï 3 2 2Ï 27 14. Ï 7 (3 2 2Ï 7 ) 15. Ï 2 (3Ï 14 2 Ï 7 )

Î
}
} 2 } } } 250m3
16. (3Ï12 1 5) 17. (8Ï3 1 Ï2 )(1 2 Ï3 ) 18. }
2n
}
5 2 4Ï 10 2 }2 4 5
19. } } 1 }} 20. } } } 21. } } 1 } }
Ï7 Ï 14 Ï30 Ï3 Ïx 2Ïx

Î}PR
}
22. Electricity Current, power, and resistance are related by the formula I 5

where I is the current (in amps), P is the power (in watts), and R is the resistance
(in ohms).
LESSON 11.2

a. A light bulb with a 283-ohm resistor is using 0.42 amp of current. What is the
wattage of the light bulb? Round your answer to the nearest whole watt.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


b. A light bulb with a 145-ohm resistor is using 0.83 amp of current. What is the
wattage of the light bulb? Round your answer to the nearest whole watt.
23. Medicine A doctor may need to know a person’s body surface area to prescribe the
correct amount of medicine. A person’s body surface area A (in square meters) is
given by the function

Î hw
}

A5 }
3131

where h is the height (in inches) and w is the weight (in pounds).
a. Find the body surface area of a person who is 5 feet 5 inches tall and weighs
110 pounds. Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a square meter.
b. Find the body surface area of a person who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs
120 pounds. Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a square meter.

Algebra 1
270 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
11.2 For use with pages 742–750

GOAL Simplify radical expressions.

Vocabulary
A radical expression is in simplest form if the following conditions
are true:
• No perfect square factors other than 1 are in the radicand.
• No fractions are in the radicand.
• No radicals appear in the denominator of a fraction.
The process of eliminating a radical from an expression’s denominator
is called rationalizing the denominator.

EXAMPLE 1 Use the product property of radicals


Simplify the expression.

Solution
} }
a. Ï 28 5 Ï 4 p 7 Factor using perfect square factor.
} }
5 Ï4 p Ï7 Product property of radicals
}
5 2Ï 7 Simplify.
} }}
b. Ï50y 3 5 Ï25 p 2 p y2 p y Factor using perfect square factors.

LESSON 11.2
} } } }
5 Ï 25 p Ï 2 p Ï y 2 p Ï y Product property of radicals
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

}
5 5y Ï 2y Simplify.

EXAMPLE 2 Multiply radicals


Simplify the expression.

Solution
} } }
a. Ï 2 p Ï 18 5 Ï 2 p 18 Product property of radicals
}
5 Ï36 Multiply.
56 Simplify.
} } }
b. 5Ï 2xy p Ï 32y 5 5Ï 2xy p 32y Product property of radicals
}
5 5Ï64xy 2 Multiply.
} } }
55Ï 64 p Ï x p Ï y 2 Product property of radicals
}
5 40yÏ x Simplify.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 271
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
11.2 For use with pages 742–750

EXAMPLE 3 Use the quotient property of radicals

Î1725 5 ÏÏ1725
} }

a. } }
} Quotient property of radicals

}
Ï17
5}
5
Simplify.

Î
} }
4 Ï4
b. }2 5 }} Quotient property of radicals
49y Ï49y 2
2
5}
7y
Simplify.

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Simplify the expression.
} } } }
1. Ï 72 2. Ï3x 2 3. Ï45y 5 4. 3Ï 12x 2
}

Ï
}

Ï
} } } } 5 2x 2
5. Ï 5 p Ï 10 6. Ï 3x p Ï 15xy 7. } 8. }2
81 9y

EXAMPLE 4 Rationalize the denominator


} }
3 3 Ï6x Ï6x
} p }
} 5 }
} } Multiply by }
}.
Ï6x Ï6x Ï6x Ï6x
}
LESSON 11.2

3Ï 6x
5}
} Product property of radicals
Ï36x 2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


} }
3Ï6x Ï6x
5}
6x
5}
2x
Simplify.

EXAMPLE 5 Add and subtract radicals


} } } }
3Ï3 1 6Ï 27 5 3Ï 3 1 6Ï 9 p 3 Factor using perfect square factor.
} } }
5 3Ï 3 1 6 p Ï 9 p Ï 3 Product property of radicals
} } }
5 3Ï 3 1 18Ï 3 5 21Ï 3 Simplify.

Exercises for Examples 4 and 5


Simplify the expression.
3 } } } } }
9. }} 10. 6Ï 7 1 8Ï 10 2 3Ï 7 11. 3Ï 5 1 2Ï 500
Ï2x

Algebra 1
272 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
11.2 For use with pages 742–750

In Exercises 1–5, simplify the expression.


1 1
1. } } 2 } }
Ï2 Ï8
} } } }
2. (3Ï6 2 Ï18 )(2Ï6 1 2Ï18 )
} } }
3. Ï 5 (2Ï 10 2 3Ï 15 )
} } } }
4. (4Ï2x 2Ïx ) (Ï3x 1 3Ïx ); x > 0
} } }
5. Ïy (Ï2y 1 5Ï4y ); y > 0
In Exercises 6–8, use the following information.
A student studying the falling velocity of a skydiver jumping out of an airplane at a height
Îd 2 h
}

of d feet above the ground decides to model the velocity by the equation v 5 }
c
where v is the velocity in feet per second, c is a constant measuring the coefficient of drag
caused by the air resistance of the skydiver, and h is the height of the skydiver above the
ground in feet.
6. Suppose a skydiver jumps from a height of 10,000 feet wearing a normal jumpsuit
1
with a coefficient of drag c 5 }2. What is the velocity of the skydiver, in miles per
hour, when the skydiver is 1000 feet above the ground? Round your answer to the
nearest tenth.
7. Suppose a skydiver jumps from a height of 10,000 feet wearing a low drag

LESSON 11.2
1
jumpsuit with a coefficient of drag c 5 }4 . What is the velocity of the skydiver
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

when the skydiver is 1000 feet above the ground? Round your answer to the
nearest tenth.
8. Suppose two skydivers, Ann and Bob, jump simultaneously from two different
planes. Ann jumps from a height of 12,000 feet wearing a jumpsuit with a
1
coefficient of drag c 5 }3 . Bob is wearing a jumpsuit with a coefficient of drag
3
c 5 }4 . Ann and Bob both plan to open their parachutes at a height of 2000 feet.
From what height should Bob jump if he wants his velocity to be the same as Ann’s
velocity when they open their parachutes? Round your answer to the nearest foot.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 273
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Practice
11.2 For use with pages 751–752

Simplify the expression. Assume variables are nonzero.


Î
}
3 } 3 } 3z Î3 } 3 }
1. Î 27 ? Î 27 2. 3 } 3. 7 ? Î49x
281

Î
}
5y 6
4. Î3 } 3 }
2 ? Î232 5. 3
} 6. }
3}
40 Ï72

4 12 3} 3}
7. }
3} 8. }
3} 9. 7Ï x 2 5Ï x
Ï2 Ï29

3} 3} 3 3} } 3} 3}
10. Ï128 2 4Ï2 11. 3Ï p 1Ï 27p 12. Ï254 1 3Ï2

3} 3} 3} 3} 3} 3}
13. Ï 2z 2 Ï z 14. Ï3 1 4 1 Ï9x 2 15. Ï 22 1 2 1 Ï 4 2

3 } 3 } 3} 3} 3 } 3 }
16. 1Ï 32 1 4 21 Ï2 2 1 2 17. Ï 25 1 4 2 Ï 225 2 18. 1Ï 8 1 2 21 Ï 28 2 2 2

x 2 3}
22. Challenge Solve the equation }
3} 1 3}
}
Ï3 Ï23 1 2 Ï281 5 3.
FOCUS ON 11.2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
274 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery
11.2 For use with pages 751–752

GOAL Perform operations with cube roots.

Key Concepts
The Product Property of Cube Roots states that the cube root of a
product equals the product of the cube roots.
The Quotient Property of Cube Roots states that the cube root of
a quotient equals the quotient of the cube roots of the numerator and
denominator.
When rationalizing a denominator, multiply by a form of 1 that will
make the radicand in the denominator a perfect cube.
You can use the distributive property to simplify sums and differences
of cube roots when the expressions have the same radicand.

EXAMPLE 1 Use properties of radicals


3} 3} 3}
a. Ï 4 p Ï 54 5 Ï 4 p 54 Product property of cube roots
3}
5 Ï216 Multiply.
56 Simplify.
} 3}
b. Î}
3a
28
5}
a
Ï28
Ï
3} Quotient property of cube roots

FOCUS ON 11.2
3}
Ïa
5}
22
Simplify.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Exercises for Example 1


Simplify the expression. Assume variables are nonzero.

Î648x
}
3} 3} 3} }
1. Ï16 p Ï32 2. 3
} 3. Ï 4 p Ï
3
2y

EXAMPLE 2 Rationalize the denominator


3} 3}
4 4 Ï2 Ï2
3} 5 3} p 3} Multiply by }
3 }.
} } }
Ï4 Ï4 Ï2 Ï2
3}
4Ï 2
5}
3} Product property of cube roots
Ï8
3}
5 2Ï 2 Simplify.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 275
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery continued
11.2 For use with pages 751–752

Exercises for Example 2


Simplify the expression. Assume variables are nonzero.
2 1 3
4. }
3} 5. }
3} 6. }
3}
Ï2 Ï5 Ï3

EXAMPLE 3 Add and subtract cube roots


3} 3} 3}
a. 3Ï n 1 2Ï n 5 (3 1 2)Ï n Distributive property
3}
5 5Ï n Simplify.

3} 3} 3} 3}
b. Ï81 2 2Ï3 5 Ï3 p 27 2 2Ï3 Factor using perfect cube factor.
3} 3}
5 3Ï 3 2 2Ï 3 Product property of cube roots
3}
5 (3 2 2)Ï3 Distributive property
3}
5 Ï3 Simplify.

Exercises for Example 3


Simplify the expression. Assume variables are nonzero.
3 } 3 } 3} 3}
7. 4Ï p 2 2Ï p 8. Ï135 1 3Ï5
FOCUS ON 11.2

EXAMPLE 4 Multiply expressions involving cube roots

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


3} 3} 3} 3} 3}
a. Ï6 1 4 1 Ï36x 2 5 4Ï6 1 Ï6 p Ï36x Distributive property
3} 3} Product property of
5 4Ï6 1 Ï 216x
cube roots
3} 3}
5 4Ï6 1 6Ï x Simplify.
3 } 3 }
b. 1Ï 9 2 3 21 Ï3 1 1 2
3} 3} 3} 3}
5 Ï 9 1 Ï3 2 1 Ï9 (1) 1 (23)Ï3 1 (23)(1) Multiply.
3} 3} 3} Product property of
5 Ï 27 1 Ï 9 2 3Ï3 2 3 cube roots
3} 3}
5 3 1 Ï 9 2 3Ï 3 2 3 Simplify.
3} 3}
5 Ï 9 2 3Ï 3 Combine like terms.

Exercises for Example 4


Simplify the expression. Assume variables are nonzero.
3} 3} 3 } 3 }
9. Ï 4 1 2 2 Ï 16x 2 10. 1Ï 25 1 5 2 1 Ï5 2 1 2
Algebra 1
276 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
11.3 For use with pages 7532758

Determine whether the given value is a solution of the equation.


} }
1. Ï 2x 1 5 5 3; 2 2. Ï 3x 2 1 5 4; 25
} }
3. Ï 7x 1 3 5 10; 1 4. Ï 2x 1 10 5 4; 23
} }
5. Ï 1 2 4x 5 5; 26 6. Ï 6 1 3x 5 12; 22

Isolate the radical expression on one side of the equation. Do not


solve the equation.
} }
7. 7Ï x 2 21 5 0 8. 22Ï x 1 8 5 0
} }
9. 3Ï x 1 5 5 14 10. Ï x 1 5 2 1 5 8
} }
11. Ï x 2 4 2 6 5 22 12. Ï 2x 1 3 2 10 5 3

Solve the equation. Check for extraneous solutions.


} } }
13. Ï x 2 2 5 13 14. Ï x 1 6 5 14 15. 8Ï x 2 24 5 0
} } }
16. 5Ï x 2 15 5 0 17. Ï 4x 1 3 5 15 18. Ï 2x 2 7 5 5
} } }
19. Ï 2x 2 1 5 7 20. Ï 3x 1 7 5 4 21. 2Ï x 1 5 5 12

Simplify each side of the equation.


} } } }
22. (Ï7x 1 3 )2 5 (Ï7x 2 1 )2 23. (Ï5x 2 8 )2 5 (Ï1 2 6x )2
} }
24. (Ï9 2 2x )2 5 (5x)2 25. (2x)2 5 (Ï 3x 1 1 )
2

} 2 }
26. (x 1 1)2 5 (Ï 1 2 3x ) 27. (Ï4x 2 3 )2 5 (x 2 2)2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solve the equation. Check for extraneous solutions.


} } } } }
28. Ï 2x 1 5 5 Ï 3x 1 4 29. Ï 9x 2 3 5 Ï 7x 1 9 30. x 5 Ï 6 2 x

31. Free-Falling Object The velocity v of a free-falling object (in feet per second),
the height h in which it falls (in feet), and the acceleration
}
due to gravity, 32 feet
per second squared, are related by the function v 5 Ï 64h .
a. Find the height from which a tennis ball was dropped if it hits the ground with
a velocity of 32 feet per second.
b. How much higher than the ball in part (a) was a tennis ball dropped from if it
LESSON 11.3

hits the ground with a velocity of 40 feet per second?


32. Children’s Museum A new children’s museum opens. For the first 12 weeks,
the number of people N (in hundreds of people) that visit the museum can be
}}
modeled by the function N 5 Ï 1000 1 300t where t is the number of weeks
since the opening week.
a. After how many weeks did 4000 (or 40 hundred) people visit the museum?
b. After how many weeks did 5000 (or 50 hundred) people visit the museum?

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 277
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
11.3 For use with pages 7532758

Determine whether the given value is a solution of the equation.


} }
1. 4Ï 2x 2 3 5 12; 2 2. 2Ï 9x 2 1 5 20; 7
} } } }
3. Ï 4x 1 8 5 Ï 6 1 2x ; 21 4. Ï 7x 2 2 5 Ï 8 2 3x ; 21
} }
5. x 5 Ï 4x 2 3 ; 3 6. Ï 4x 2 3 5 x 2 2; 7

Describe the steps you would use to solve the equation. Do not
solve the equation.
} }
7. Ï 7x 1 3 2 5 5 2 8. 6Ï 4 2 x 2 3 5 1
} } } }
9. Ï 12x 2 7 5 Ï 9x 1 3 10. 10Ï 6 2 x 5 2Ï x 1 4
} } }
11. Ï 5x 2 3 2 Ï 10 2 4x 5 0 12. Ï 9x 1 1 2 2 5 x

Solve the equation. Check for extraneous solutions.


} } }
13. 8Ï x 2 32 5 0 14. Ï 5x 2 4 5 16 15. Ï x 1 3 1 8 5 15
} } }
16. Ï x 2 6 2 2 5 4 17. Ï x 1 9 2 5 5 2 18. Ï 8 2 3x 1 5 5 6
} } }
19. Ï 5x 1 4 2 12 5 26 20. 3Ï x 1 5 2 3 5 6 21. 4Ï 2x 1 1 2 7 5 1
} } } } } }
22. Ï x 5 Ï 5x 2 1 23. Ï 7x 2 6 5 Ï x 24. Ï 6x 2 8 5 Ï 4x 2 10
} } } } } }
25. Ï 7x 2 5 5 Ï 3x 1 19 26. Î x 2 15 2 Î x 2 7 5 0 27. Ï 10x 2 3 2 Ï 8x 2 11 5 0
} } }
28. Ï 5x 2 6 5 x 29. x 5 Ï 2x 1 24 30. Ï 2x 2 15 5 x

31. Market Research A marketing department determines that the price of a

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


magazine subscription
}}
and the demand to subscribe are related by the function
P 5 40 2 Ï 0.0004x 1 1 where P is the price per subscription and x is the number
of subscriptions sold.
a. If the subscription price is set at $25, how many subscriptions would be sold?
Round your answer to the nearest whole subscription.
b. If the subscription price is set at $30, how many more subscriptions are sold
in part (a) than when the price is $30. Round your answer to the nearest whole
subscription.
32. Awning The area A of a portion of a circle bounded by two radii r and angle t
of a sector of a circle are related by the function
LESSON 11.3

5p
r 5 Î}
}
2A 3
t . 6 ft
The length of a side (radius) of the top view of the awning shown at the right

is 6 feet and the angle that is formed by the awning is }3
. Find the area of the
awning. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

Algebra 1
278 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
11.3 For use with pages 7532758

Describe how you would solve the equation. Do not solve the equation.
} } }
1. 1 1 Ï x 1 6 5 13 2. 15 2 Ï 2x 1 2 5 13 3. 4 2 2Ï 1 2 4x 5 26

Î}32 x 2 1
}
} } } }
4. 6Ï 5x 1 3 2 5 5 2 5. Ï 10 2 6x 5 6. Ï 3 2 2x 2 Ï 2 1 4x 5 0
} } } }
7. 6Ï 5 2 2x 5 3Ï 5x 2 2 8. x 1 1 5 Ï 3 2 2x 9. x 1 Ï 1 2 3x 5 25

Solve the equation. Check for extraneous solutions.


} } }
10. 3Ï x 1 9 5 4 11. 7Ï 3x 2 4 1 7 5 35 12. 14 2 5Ï 8 2 3x 5 19
} } }
13. 3Ï 5 1 x 2 8 5 4 14. 10 1 4Ï 3 2 2x 5 14 15. 2Ï 5 2 2x 2 13 5 217

Î}14 x 2 5 2 Îx 2 9 5 0
}
} } } }
16. Ï 4x 2 3 2 Ï 6x 2 11 5 0 17. 18. Ï 8 2 6x 5 3x
} } }
19. 2x 5 Ï 11x 1 3 20. Ï 3x 1 6 5 x 2 4 21. x 1 3 5 Ï 2x 1 21
} } } } } }
22. Ï x 1 3 5 Ï x 1 12 23. 4 2 Ï x 2 3 5 Ï x 1 5 24. Ï 4x 1 3 1 Ï 4x 5 3

25. Write a radical equation that has 22 and 3 as solutions.

26. Speed of Sound The speed of sound near Earth’s surface depends on the
temperature.
}
The speed v (in meters per second) is given by the function
v 5 20Ï t 1 273 where t is the temperature (in degrees Celsius).
a. A friend is throwing a tennis ball against a wall 200 meters from you. You hear
the sound of the ball hitting the wall 0.6 second after seeing the ball hit the wall.
What is the temperature? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
b. The temperature 2273°C is called absolute zero. What is the speed of sound at
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

this temperature?
27. Pendulum The period T (in seconds) of a pendulum is the time it takes for the
pendulum to swing back and forth. The period is related to the length L (in inches)
Î
}
L
of the pendulum by the model T 5 2π }
384
.
a. Find the length of a pendulum with a period of 2 seconds. Round your
L
answer to the nearest tenth.
b. What is the length of a pendulum whose period is double the period of the
pendulum in part (a)? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
LESSON 11.3

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 279
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
11.3 For use with pages 7532758

GOAL Solve radical equations.

Vocabulary
An equation that contains a radical expression with a variable in the
radicand is a radical equation.
Squaring both sides of the equation a 5 b can result in a solution of
a2 5 b2 that is not a solution of the original equation. Such a solution
is called an extraneous solution.

EXAMPLE 1 Solve a radical equation


}
Solve 16Ï x 2 4 5 0.

Solution
}
16Ï x 2 4 5 0 Write original equation.
}
16Ï x 5 4 Add 4 to each side.
} 4
Ïx 5 } Divide each side by 16.
16
} 1
Ïx 5 } Simplify.
4
2
1
142
}
1 Ï x 22 5 } Square each side.

1
x5} Simplify.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


16
1
The solution is }
16
.

CHECK Check your solution by substituting it in the original equation.


}
16Ï x 2 4 5 0 Write original equation.

Î
}
1 1
16 }
16
2400 Substitute }
16
for x.

16 p 1 }4 2 2 4 0 0
1
Simplify.
LESSON 11.3

050✓ Solution checks.

Exercise for Example 1


}
1. Solve 5Ï x 2 15 5 0.

Algebra 1
280 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
11.3 For use with pages 7532758

EXAMPLE 2 Solve a radical equation


}
Solve 3Ï x 1 2 1 17 5 32.

Solution
}
3Ïx 1 2 1 17 5 32 Write original equation.
}
3Ïx 1 2 5 15 Subtract 17 from each side.
}
Ïx 1 2 5 5 Divide each side by 3.
}
1 Ïx 1 2 22 5 52 Square each side.
x 1 2 5 25 Simplify.
x 5 23 Subtract 2 from each side.
The solution is 23.
CHECK To check the solution using a graphing
calculator, first
}
rewrite the equation so that on one
side is 0: 3Ï x 1} 2 2 15 5 0. Then graph the related
equation y 5 3Ï x 1 2 2 15. You can see that the
graph crosses the x-axis at x 5 23.
X=23 Y=0

EXAMPLE 3 Solve an equation with radicals on both sides


} }
Solve Ï x 1 3 5 Ï 3x 2 5 .
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Solution
} }
Ïx 1 3 5 Ï3x 2 5 Write original equation.
} }
1 Ï x 1 3 22 5 1 Ï 3x 2 5 22 Square each side.
x 1 3 5 3x 2 5 Simplify.
22x 1 3 5 25 Subtract 3x from each side.
22x 5 28 Subtract 3 from each side.
x54 Divide each side by 22.
The solution is 4. Check the solution.
LESSON 11.3

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


Solve the equation.
}
2. 5Ï x 2 3 2 12 5 18
} }
3. Ï x 1 2 5 Ï 4x 2 7
} }
4. Ï 5x 2 12 2 Ï 2x 1 9 5 0

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 281
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
11.1–11.3
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 7342758

1. Multi-Step Problem For the period 5. Short Response The velocity v


1999–2005, the annual revenue y (in meters per second) of an object
(in millions of dollars) of a company can be moving in a straight path can be modeled
Î 2E
} }
modeled by y 5 170 1 38Ï x where x is the
by the equation v 5 } m where E is the
number of years since 1999.
kinetic energy (in joules) of the object and
a. Graph the function. m is the mass (in kilograms) of the object.
b. In what year was the revenue about
a. A 50-kilogram boy is on a moped
$255 million?
that is moving at 5 meters per second.
2. Multi-Step Problem The final velocity What is the kinetic energy of the boy?
v (in meters per second) of an object after b. What happens to the kinetic energy
traveling a distance of 200 meters with a of an object as its mass stays constant
constant acceleration of 0.5 meter per and its velocity increases? Explain.
}
second squared is given by v 5 Ï v02 1 200
6. Open-Ended Write a problem involving
where v0 is the initial velocity of the object.
distance that can be solved by simplifying
a. Graph the function. a radical expression. Find a solution of the
b. What is the final velocity of an object expression. Explain what the solution means
after 200 meters that has an initial in the context of the problem.
velocity of 20 meters per second?
7. Extended Response In chemistry,
c. What is the initial velocity of an Graham’s Law of Effusion shows the
object that travels 200 meters and relationship between the molecular mass
has a final velocity of 35 meters per of a gas and the rate at which it will effuse.
second? Effusion is the process of gas molecules
escaping through tiny holes in a container.
3. Open-Ended The velocity v (in meters per
To determine how many times greater the

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


second) of a car moving in a circular path
rate of a gas is to the rate of oxygen, use
that has radius r (in meters) is given by
Î32
}
}
v 5 Ï ar where a is the centripetal the equation r 5 } where r is how many
M
acceleration (in meters per second squared)
times greater the rate of effusion is for a gas
of the car. A car is traveling at a constant
compared to the rate of effusion for oxygen
velocity of 15 meters per second in a
and M is the molecular mass (in grams) of
circular path of radius r where r ≥ 30.
the gas.
Choose two different values of r to show
how the centripetal acceleration a of the car a. Helium has a molecular mass of
changes as the radius increases. 2 grams. How many times greater than
the rate of effusion for oxygen is the
4. Gridded Response Many birds drop
LESSON 11.3

rate of effusion for helium?


clams or other shellfish in order to break
b. Nitrogen has a molecular mass of
the shells and get the food inside. The
28 grams. How many times greater
time t (in seconds) it takes for a clam
than the rate of effusion for oxygen is
to fall}a distance d (in feet) is given by
the rate of effusion for nitrogen?
Ïd
t5}
4
. A bird drops a clam and it takes c. What happens to rate of effusion when
1.75 seconds to hit the ground. What is the using a gas that has a molecular mass
height of the bird, in feet? greater than 28? Explain.

Algebra 1
282 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
11.3 For use with pages 7532758

In Exercises 1–5, write a radical equation that has the given solutions.
1. The solutions are 1 and 2.

2. The solutions are 3, 6, and 22.

3. The solutions are 21, 0, and 1.

4. The solutions are 0, 1, and 1.

1 3 1
5. The solutions are 2}, }, and }.
2 2 2

In Exercises 6–15, write a radical equation that has the given solution(s)
and the given extraneous solution(s).
6. 1 is a solution; 23 is an extraneous solution.

7. 23 is a solution; 1 is an extraneous solution.

8. 24 is a solution; 5 is an extraneous solution.

9. 5 is a solution; 24 is an extraneous solution.

10. 0 and 2 are solutions; 25 is an extraneous solution.

11. 0 and 25 are solutions; 2 is an extraneous solution.

12. 1 is a solution; 23 and 25 are extraneous solutions.

13. 23 and 25 are solutions; 1 is an extraneous solution.

14. 27 is a solution; 2 and 6 are extraneous solutions.


Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

15. 2 and 6 are solutions; 27 is an extraneous solution.

LESSON 11.3

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 283
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
11.4 For use with pages 760–766

Name the legs and hypotenuse of the right triangle.


LESSON 11.4

1. 2. 3.
z m n
x
r
t
p
y

Let a and b represent the lengths of the legs of a right triangle, and let c
represent the length of the hypotenuse. Find the unknown length.
4. 5. b53 6. a55
c
a52 a51
c
b53
c
b54

7. a 5 6, b 5 4 8. a 5 3, b 5 7 9. a 5 5, b 5 5

10. a 5 9, c 5 12 11. a 5 8, b 5 6 12. b 5 2, c 5 10

Find the unknown lengths.


13. x 14. 15. 2x

3 2
x x
x 2 5
4 2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


x

Tell whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle.
16. 3, 3, 9 17. 12, 16, 20 18. 6, 9, 12

19. Window A window in a house is in the shape of a square.


The side length of the window is 20 inches. What is the
length of the diagonal from one corner of the window to
the opposite corner? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
20 in.

20 in.

20. Table Top Soccer The top of a soccer table is in the shape
of a rectangle. If the tabletop measures 60 inches by 42 in.
42 inches, what is the length of the diagonal from one
corner of the table to the opposite corner? Round your
answer to the nearest tenth. 60 in.

Algebra 1
284 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
11.4 For use with pages 760–766

Let a and b represent the lengths of the legs of a right triangle, and let c

LESSON 11.4
represent the length of the hypotenuse. Find the unknown length.
1. a 5 1, b 5 5 2. b 5 4, c 5 9 3. a 5 6, b 5 6

4. b 5 7, c 5 12 5. a 5 2, b 5 8 6. a 5 6, b 5 30

7. a 5 4, b 5 15 8. b 5 7, c 5 11 9. a 5 10, b 5 20

10. a 5 30, b 5 40 11. a 5 15, c 5 25 12. a 5 11, b 5 22

Find the unknown lengths.


13. x 14. 15. 4x
3x 1 2
x26 3x 2 2
2 17 x16
4x 1 3
2x

16. A right triangle has one leg that is 3 inches longer than the other leg. The hypotenuse
}
is Ï65 inches. Find the lengths of the legs.

Tell whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle.
17. 4, 5, 6 18. 15, 20, 25 19. 9, 15, 20

20. Shuffleboard The playing bed of a shuffleboard table is in the shape of a 20 in.
rectangle. If the playing bed measures 154 inches by 20 inches, what is the
length of the diagonal from one corner of the playing bed to the opposite 154 in.
corner? Round your answer to the nearest inch.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

21. Indirect Measurement You are trying to determine the distance


A C
across a pond. You put posts into the ground at A, B, and C so that
}
angle B is a right angle. You measure and find that the length of AB 18 ft
} 28 ft
is 18 feet and the length of CB is 28 feet. How wide is the pond from
A to C? Round your answer to the nearest foot. B

22. Badminton You are setting up a badminton net. To keep each pole
standing straight, you use two ropes and two stakes as shown. How
long is each piece of rope? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. 8 ft

4.5 ft
4.5 ft

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 285
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
11.4 For use with pages 760–766

Let a and b represent the lengths of the legs of a right triangle, and let c
LESSON 11.4

represent the length of the hypotenuse. Find the unknown length.


1. a 5 9, b 5 12 2. b 5 25, c 5 30 3. a 5 4, b 5 1.5

4. b 5 2.5, c 5 7 5. a 5 4, b 5 1.8 6. a 5 2.6, b 5 3.5

7. a 5 14, b 5 8.8 8. b 5 1.4, c 5 2.5 9. a 5 0.2, b 5 0.6

10. a 5 10.5, b 5 6.4 11. a 5 14.1, c 5 20.5 12. a 5 0.3, b 5 0.7

Find the unknown lengths.


13. A right triangle has one leg that is 4 inches shorter than the other leg.
}
The hypotenuse is Ï106 inches. Find the lengths of the legs.
14. A right triangle has one leg that is 2 times as long as the other leg.
}
The hypotenuse is Ï80 inches. Find the lengths of the legs.
3
15. A right triangle has one leg that is } of the length of the other leg.
} 5
The hypotenuse is 2Ï 34 inches. Find the lengths of the legs.

Tell whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle.
16. 4.5, 6, 7.5 17. 15, 60, 61 18. 12, 71, 72

19. Guy Wire A tower that is being constructed will be 30 feet tall.
The correct length of the guy wire that will help tether the tower
should be 39 feet long. If the correct length wire is used, how far
away from the tower should the guy wire be attached to the ground?

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Round your answer to the nearest foot. 39 ft
30 ft

20. Shortest Route You are traveling from Valmont to Milesburg. 13.5 mi
You can avoid the city traffic by taking the L-shaped route shown. Valmont
If you could travel straight through the city, how many miles
could you save? Round your answer to the nearest mile.
25.75 mi

Milesburg

21. Flag Each wilderness troop at a camping outing has created its own flag. Your
troop’s flag is triangular with side lengths of 15 inches, 18 inches, and 23 inches.
Is the flag a right triangle? Explain.

Algebra 1
286 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
11.4 For use with pages 760–766

GOAL Use the Pythagorean theorem and its converse.

LESSON 11.4
Vocabulary
The hypotenuse of a right triangle is the side opposite the right angle.
It is the longest side of a right triangle.
The legs are the two sides that form the right angle.
The Pythagorean theorem states the relationship among the lengths
of the sides of a right triangle.
The Pythagorean Theorem
Words If a triangle is a right triangle, then the sum of the squares
of the lengths of the legs equals the square of the length of the
hypotenuse.
Algebra a 2 1 b 2 5 c 2
Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem
If a triangle has side lengths a, b, and c such that a 2 1 b 2 5 c 2, then
the triangle is a right triangle.

EXAMPLE 1 Use the Pythagorean theorem


Find the unknown length of the triangle shown.
c 5 12
b58
Solution
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a2 1 b2 5 c2 Pythagorean theorem a
2 2 2
a 1 8 5 12 Substitute 8 for b and 12 for c.
a2 1 64 5 144 Simplify.
a2 5 80 Subtract 64 from each side.
} }
a 5 Ï 80 5 4Ï 5 Take positive square root of each side.
}
The side length a is 4Ï 5 .

Exercise for Example 1


1. The lengths of the legs of a right triangle are a 5 9 and b 5 12. Find c.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 287
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
11.4 For use with pages 760–766

EXAMPLE 2 Use the Pythagorean theorem


LESSON 11.4

A right triangle has one leg that is 3 inches shorter than the other leg.
}
The hypotenuse is Ï 29 inches. Find the unknown lengths.

Solution 29
x23
Sketch a right triangle and label the sides with their lengths.
x
Let x be the length of the longer leg.
a2 1 b2 5 c 2 Pythagorean theorem
}
x 1 (x 2 3) 5 1 Ï 29
2 2 22 Substitute.
x 2 1 x 2 2 6x 1 9 5 29 Simplify.
2x 2 2 6x 2 20 5 0 Write in standard form.
2(x 2 5)(x 1 2) 5 0 Factor.
x2550 or x1250 Zero-product property
x55 or x 5 22 Solve for x.
Because the length is non-negative, the solution x 5 22 does not make sense. The legs
have lengths of 5 inches and 5 2 3 5 2 inches.

EXAMPLE 3 Determine right triangles


Tell whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle.
a. 14, 48, 50 b. 8, 13, 14

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Solution
a. 142 1 482 0 502 b. 82 1 132 0 142
196 1 2304 0 2500 64 1 169 0 196
2500 5 2500 ✓ 233 5 196 ✗
The triangle is a right triangle. The triangle is not a right triangle.

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


2. A right triangle has one leg that is 6 inches shorter than the other leg. The
}
hypotenuse is 5Ï 2 inches. Find the unknown lengths.

Tell whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle.
3. 4, 7, 9 4. 10, 12, 26 5. 33, 180, 183

Algebra 1
288 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
11.4 For use with pages 760–766

In Exercises 1–5, find the values of x so that the given set of values forms

LESSON 11.4
a Pythagorean triple.
1. (x, x 1 1, x 1 2)

2. 1}
x22
2
, x, x 1 1 2

x
3. 1 }2 1 1, x 2 2, x 2
4. (x, x 1 3, x 1 6)

5. 1 x 1 2, }
x12
2
1 10, 2x 2

6. The circumference of a circle with radius 1 can be roughly approximated using the
Pythagorean theorem in the following way. Within the circle of radius 1, draw a
square whose corners just touch the circle.
y

0.25

20.25 0.25 x

Four right triangles with legs of length 1 are formed within the diagram. Use the
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Pythagorean theorem to find the hypotenuse of the triangles, then approximate the
circumference of the circle by the sum of the hypotenuses. Round your answer to
the nearest tenth.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 289
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
11.5 For use with pages 767–774

Match the pair of points with the expression that gives the distance
between the points.
1. (26, 3), (24, 2) 2. (6, 23), (24, 2) 3. (6, 23), (4, 22)
}} }} }}
A. Ï(24 2 6)2 1 (2 1 3)2 B. Ï(4 ⫺ 6)2 1 (22 ⫹ 3)2 C. Ï(24 1 6)2 1 (2 2 3)2
Use the coordinate plane to estimate the distance between the two points.
Then use the distance formula to find the distance between the points.
4. y (3, 3) 5. y (4, 1) 6. y
3 1 3
(23, 2)
21 1 3 5 x
1 21 1

23 1 3 x 23 1 3 x
21 23
LESSON 11.5

(23, 22) (3, 24)


25 23
(1, 23)

Find the distance between the two points.


7. (2, 4), (5, 6) 8. (7, 3), (1, 5) 9. (8, 2), (4, 1)

The distance d between two points is given. Find the value of b.


10. (0, b), (5, 12); d 5 13 11. (1, b), (4, 5); d 5 5 12. (2, 3), (b, 9); d 5 10

13. (1, 4), (10, b); d 5 15 14. (5, 2), (21, b); d 5 6 15. (b, 6), (3, 22); d 5 8

Find the midpoint of the line segment with the given endpoints.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


16. (5, 3), (7, 11) 17. (23, 10), (9, 2) 18. (22, 24), (8, 4)

19. Bus Stop A student is taking the bus home. The student can get
off at one of two stops, as shown on the map. The distance between y Stop 2
consecutive grid lines represents 0.5 mile.
2.5
a. Find the distance between stop 1 and home. Round your answer
to the nearest hundredth. 1.5
b. Find the distance between stop 2 and home. Round your answer
0.5 Home
to the nearest hundredth. Stop 1
c. Which distance is shorter? By how much? 0.5 1.5 2.5 x

20. Sales Use the midpoint formula to estimate the sales of a company in 2000,
given the sales in 1995 and 2005. Assume that the sales followed a linear pattern.

Year 1995 2005


Sales (dollars) 740,000 980,000

Algebra 1
290 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
11.5 For use with pages 767–774

Find the distance between the two points.


1. (8, 3), (10, 4) 2. (2, 7), (5, 6) 3. (9, 6), (4, 1)

4. (0, 4), (8, 22) 5. (25, 3), (1, 2) 6. (1, 26), (22, 4)

7. (8, 27), (4, 23) 8. (210, 22), (6, 5) 9. (21, 28), (25, 22)

The distance d between two points is given. Find the value of b.


10. (b, 4), (2, 21); d 5 5 11. (23, 2), (7, b); d 5 10 12. (3, 2), (b, 29); d 5 11
} } }
13. (4, 1), (5, b); d 5 Ï 17 14. (b, 2), (3, 21); d 5 Ï 58 15. (24, b), (5, 22); d 5 Ï 106

Find the midpoint of the line segment with the given endpoints.

LESSON 11.5
16. (2, 5), (4, 12) 17. (27, 2), (210, 14) 18. (29, 25), (7, 214)

19. (8, 28), (3, 5) 20. (20, 5), (30, 25) 21. (211, 7), (8, 23)

Use the distance formula and the converse of the Pythagorean theorem to
determine whether the points are vertices of a right triangle.
22. (1, 1), (4, 4), (1, 4) 23. (6, 0), (6, 4), (2, 4) 24. (22, 1), (3, 5), (6, 22)

25. (6, 4), (21, 22), (24, 3) 26. (5, 3), (4, 22), (10, 2) 27. (2, 24), (2, 23), (6, 1)

28. Walking Trail A walking trail follows the path shown on the
y
map. The distance between consecutive grid lines is 1 mile. 5
Find the total distance of the trail from start to finish. Round Stop 2
your answer to the nearest mile. Stop 3
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Finish Stop 1
21 Start 3 5 x
21

29. Amusement Park An amusement park designer wants to place y


3500
a Ferris wheel midway between the two largest coasters. The Big coaster 2
distance between consecutive grid lines is 500 feet. 2500
a. Determine the coordinates of where the Ferris wheel should be.
1500
b. How far will the Ferris wheel be from each of the coasters?
Round your answer to the nearest foot. Big coaster 1
500

500 1500 2500 3500 x

30. Reading You have 30 days left to read the books on your summer reading list. As
of today, you have read 5 books. By the end of the 30 days, you have to have read
12 books. Assume that the books are all approximately the same length and you read
at a relatively constant pace. After 15 days, how many books should you have read?

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 291
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
11.5 For use with pages 767–774

Find the distance between the two points.


1. (1, 25), (6, 7) 2. (23, 23), (8, 22) 3. (14, 25), (23, 8)

4. (211, 24), (9, 22) 5. (4, 215), (22, 10) 6. (1.5, 6), (1.5, 22)

7. (4.1, 6), (5.1, 17) 8. 1 }12, 8 2, 1 }32, 5 2 9. 1 2}13, }23 2, 1 }53, }13 2
The distance d between two points is given. Find the value of b.
} } }
10. (7, b), (21, 3); d 5 2Ï 17 11. (4, 22), (b, 9); d 5 5Ï 5 12. (b, 1), (22, 8); d 5 5Ï 2
} } }
13. (9, 25), (b, 6); d 5 Ï 290 14. (28, b), (1, 23); d 5 3Ï 10 15. (10, 210), (b, 22); d 5 2Ï 65

Find the midpoint of the line segment with the given endpoints.
LESSON 11.5

16. (214, 3), (10, 24) 17. (211, 26), (16, 22) 18. (105, 2214), (97, 45)

19. (3.5, 8), (4, 10.5) 20. (7.25, 21.5), (2.25, 22) 21. (28.4, 3.5), (22.6, 4.5)

Use the distance formula and the converse of the Pythagorean theorem to
determine whether the points are vertices of a right triangle.
22. (1, 24), (5, 6), (22, 3) 23. (22, 4), (5, 3), (0, 21) 24. (2, 1), (6, 23), (25, 1)

25. (22, 23), (4, 3), (3, 28) 26. (4, 22), (2, 3), (23, 1) 27. (7, 21), (26, 3), (29, 27)

28. Treasure Hunt You set up a treasure hunt with the items placed
y
according to the map shown. The distance between consecutive 1000
grid lines is 200 feet. Basket
Book
a. Which two objects are closest together? What is the distance
between these two objects? Round your answer to the

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Backpack
nearest foot. 200
Pen
b. Which two objects are farthest apart? What is the distance 200 600 1000 x
between these two objects? Round your answer to the
nearest foot.
29. Biking You are biking a straight-line distance between the two
y Larkin
towns shown on the map. The distance between consecutive grid
lines is 1 mile. 11
a. How far is your bike ride one way? Round your answer to
the nearest mile. 9

b. You stop halfway between the two towns to eat a snack.


7
What are the coordinates of your location?
c. On the way back, you stop one-quarter of the way from your 5
destination to visit a friend. How far are you from your
destination? Round your answer to the nearest mile. What 3
are the coordinates of your location? Explain how you got Tipton
1
your answers.
1 3 5 7 x

Algebra 1
292 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
11.5 For use with pages 767–774

GOAL Use the distance and midpoint formulas.

Vocabulary
The Distance Formula
The distance d between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
}}
d 5 Ï (x2 2 x1)2 1 (y2 2 y1)2 .
The midpoint of a line segment is the point on the segment that is
equidistant from the endpoints.
The Midpoint Formula
The midpoint M of the line segment with endpoints A(x1, y1) and
x 1x y 1y
1 2

LESSON 11.5
1 2 1 2
B(x2, y2) is } 2
,} 2
.

EXAMPLE 1 Find the distance between two points


Find the distance between (3, 22) and (22, 4).

Solution
Let (x1, y1) 5 (3, 22) and (x2, y2) 5 (22, 4).
}}
d 5 Ï (x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2 Distance formula
}}}
5 Ï (22 2 3)2 1 [4 2 (22)]2 Substitute.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

}} }
5 Ï (25)2 1 (6)2 5 Ï 61 Simplify.
}
The distance between the points is Ï 61 units.

Exercises for Example 1


Find the distance between the points.
1. (5, 2), (3, 8)

2. (22, 0), (24, 5)

3. (7, 21), (25, 3)

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 293
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
11.5 For use with pages 767–774

EXAMPLE 2 Find a missing coordinate


}
The distance between (4, 1) and (a, 23) is Ï 52 units. Find
the value of a.

Solution
}
Use the distance formula with d 5 Ï52 . Let (x1, y1) 5 (4, 1) and (x2, y2 ) 5 (a, 23).
Then solve for a.
}}
d 5 Ï (x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2 Distance formula
} }}
Ï52 5 Ï(a 2 4)2 1 (23 2 1)2 Substitute.
} }}
Ï52 5 Ïa2 2 8a 1 16 1 16 Multiply.
LESSON 11.5

} }}
Ï52 5 Ïa2 2 8a 1 32 Simplify.
52 5 a2 2 8a 1 32 Square each side.
0 5 a2 2 8a 2 20 Write in standard form.
0 5 (a 2 10)(a 1 2) Factor.
a 2 10 5 0 or a1250 Zero-product property
a 5 10 or a 5 22 Solve for a.
The value of a is 10 or 22.

Exercise for Example 2


4. The distance between (5, 7) and (23, b) is 17 units. Find the value of b.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


EXAMPLE 3 Find a midpoint of a line segment
Find the midpoint of the line segment with endpoints (7, 21) and (5, 7).

Solution
Let (x1, y1) 5 (7, 21) and (x2, y2) 5 (5, 7).
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
1}
2 2 2 1 2
,} 5 }, } 2 2
7 1 5 21 1 7
Substitute.
5 (6, 3) Simplify.
The midpoint of the line segment is (6, 3).

Exercises for Example 3


Find the midpoint of the line segment with the given endpoints.
5. (14, 3), (6, 9) 6. (211, 23), (2, 25)

Algebra 1
294 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
11.4–11.5
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 760–774

1. Multi-Step Problem Use the triangle 4. Open-Ended Andrew wants to build a


below. frame for a rectangular garden. He wants the
y
frame to have a diagonal that is 25 feet long
3 and connects opposite corners of the frame.
B
What is one possibility for the length and
width of the frame?
23 1 3 x
21 5. Multi-Step Problem You and a friend go
A C
hiking. You hike 2 miles north and 3 miles
23 east. Starting from the same point, your
friend hikes 2 miles west and 1 mile south.
a. Find the length of each side of the
a. How far apart are you and your
triangle.

LESSON 11.5
friend? (Hint: Draw a diagram on a
b. Find the midpoint of each side of the
grid.)
triangle.
b. You and your friend want to meet for
c. Join the midpoints to form a new
lunch. Where should you meet so that
triangle. Find the length of each of its both of you hike the same minimum
sides. distance? How far do you have to
d. Compare the perimeters of the two hike?
triangles.
6. Short Response You have just planted a
2. Multi-Step Problem A rescue helicopter new tree. To support the tree in bad weather,
and an ambulance are both traveling from you attach guy wires from the trunk of the
the scene of an accident to the hospital. The tree to stakes in the ground. You cut 25 feet
distance between consecutive grid lines of wire into four equal lengths to make the
represents 1 mile. guy wires. You attach the four guy wires so
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y they are evenly spaced around the tree. You


7 put the stakes in the ground four feet from
B(3, 5) C(7, 5) the base of the trunk. Approximately how
5
Hospital far up the trunk should you attach the guy
wires? Explain.
3
7. Extended Response Molly and Julie
1
A(3, 0) Accident scene leave from the same point at the same time.
21 1 3 5 7 9 x Julie bicycles east at a rate that is 3 miles per
21
hour faster than Molly, who bicycles north.
After one hour they are 15 miles apart.
a. Find the distance that the ambulance
traveled (solid route). a. Let r represent Molly’s rate in miles
b. How much farther did the ambulance per hour. Write an expression for the
travel than the helicopter (dashed distance each girl has traveled in one
route)? hour.
b. Use the Pythagorean theorem to find
3. Gridded Response A lacrosse field is a how fast each person is traveling.
rectangle 60 yards by 110 yards. What is the
c. They continue to bike at the same rate
length of the diagonal from one corner of
for another hour. How far apart are
the field to the opposite corner? Round your
they after two hours? Explain how you
answer to the nearest yard.
found your answer.
Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 295
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
11.5 For use with pages 767–774

In Exercises 1–10, find the values of a and b to fit the given conditions.
1
1 2
1. (2, a) is the midpoint of 3, 2} and (1, 3a).
a

2. (a, 3) is the midpoint of (1, 5) and (4, b).

1
1 2
3. (23, 2a) is the midpoint of 1, } and (b, 24a).
a

4. (a, b) is the midpoint of (21, 1) and (2a2, b2).

5. 1 }1a, }1b 2 is the midpoint of (3a, 2b) and (2a, 2b).


}
6. The distance between (4a, a) and (3, 7) is Ï 37 units.
}
LESSON 11.5

7. The distance between (25a, 2) and (21, 26a) is Ï 221 units.


}

1 2 Ï}
3 5013
1
2a 1 2
8. The distance between }, 3 and 22, } is
4a 400
units.
}
9. The distance between (6, 22) and (3, a) is Ï 13 units.

10. The distance between (a, b) and (3a, 5b) is 2a units.

In Exercises 11–13, use the following information.


Park rangers in Yellowstone National Park receive word that there is a lost hiker
somewhere in the Lamar valley. Two rangers are sent out on foot to search the trails
nearest their ranger stations. One ranger heads directly south hiking at a speed of
4 miles per hour. The other ranger heads directly east hiking at a rate of 3 miles per
hour. At these speeds the rangers should meet each other after 5 hours of hiking. Both
rangers leave their stations at the same time, and plan to hike until their paths intersect.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


After hiking for three hours the first ranger finds the lost hiker and stops hiking. The
ranger decides to stay with the lost hiker and wait until the second ranger is within
radio communication distance, which is 9 miles.
11. How far apart are the two ranger stations?

12. How far apart are the two rangers when the hiker is found?

13. How long must the first ranger wait after finding the hiker until the second ranger is
within radio communication distance? Round your answer to the nearest minute.

Algebra 1
296 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Chapter Review Game
11 For use after Chapter 11

Word Search
Use the clues at the bottom of the page to find and circle the vocabulary
words from Chapter 11 in the puzzle. Words can be found forward,
backward, upward, downward, and diagonal.

F R A T I O N A L I Z I N G
L L A S E F S H Q N K P M S
X E X D I S T A N C E F C I
P A G T I F A H F I N R O M
O U F S M C M J C M A U N P
N Y M D I D A H G U E E J L
E R I W D R P L K Y R K U E
M T D A P I L Q B A O M G S
E C P E O S E U U K G V A T
R K O X I T F Q R Q A R T F
O Z T D N A S N P O H S E O
E S Z R T C T C Y A T A S R
H P E S U N E T O P Y H I M
T R I P L E U F I Z P L X N
J W Q P S U O E N A R T X E

1. Eliminating a radical from the denominator 2. Side opposite the right angle of a triangle
of an expression is called _______
the denominator.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

3. The point on a line segment that is 4. A group of integers a, b, and c that represent
equidistant from the endpoints the side lengths of a right triangle is called
a Pythagorean _______.
}
5. y 5 Ï x is a _______ root function. 6. A function involving a radical expression
with the independent variable in the radicand
is called a _______ function.
} } }}
7. The expressions 3 1 Ï 5 and 3 2 Ï 5 8. d 5 Ï (x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2 represents
CHAPTER REVIEW GAME

the _______ formula.


9. Two sides of a triangle that form a 10. a2 1 b2 5 c2 represents the _______ theorem.
right angle
11. A solution that is not a solution of an 12. A statement that can be proved true
original equation is called _______.
13. No perfect square factors in the radicand,
no fractions in the radicand, no radicals
appear in the denominator of a fraction

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book 297
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter
12 For use with Chapter 12

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Chapter Overview One way you can help your student succeed in Chapter 12
is by discussing the lesson goals in the chart below. When a lesson is completed, ask your
student the following questions. “What were the goals of the lesson? What new words and
formulas did you learn? How can you apply the ideas of the lesson to your life?”

Lesson Title Lesson Goals Key Applications

12.1: Model Inverse Variation Write and graph inverse variation • Theater
equations. • Bicycles
• Sports
12.2: Graph Rational Functions Graph rational functions. • Trip Expenses
• Team Sports
• Charity Events
12.3: Divide Polynomials Divide polynomials. • Printing Costs
Focus on Operations Use synthetic division to divide • Movie Rentals
polynomials. • Membership Fees
12.4: Simplify Rational Simplify rational expressions. • Cell Phone Costs
Expressions • Television
• Car Radios
12.5: Multiply and Divide Multiply and divide rational • Advertising
Rational Expressions expressions. • Vehicles
Focus on Operations Simplify complex fractions. • Consumer Spending
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

12.6: Add and Subtract Add and subtract rational • Boat Travel
Rational Expressions expressions. • Canoeing
• Driving
12.7: Solve Rational Equations Solve rational equations. • Paint Mixing
• Ice Hockey
• Running Times

Key Ideas for Chapter 12

In Chapter 12, you will apply the key ideas listed in the Chapter Opener (see page 789)
and reviewed in the Chapter Summary (see page 859).
1. Graphing rational functions
2. Performing operations on rational expressions
3. Solving rational equations

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 299
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Family Letter continued
12 For use with Chapter12
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Key Ideas Your student can demonstrate understanding of key concepts by working
through the following exercises with you.

Lesson Exercise

12.1 A public pool plans to hire lifeguards for the summer season. The work time t (in
hours per person) varies inversely with the number g of lifeguards hired. They
estimate that they will need 20 lifeguards working 170 hours each to meet their
needs. Find the total work time per lifeguard if the pool hires 25 lifeguards.

12.2 4
Graph y 5 }
x13
2 2.

12.3 Divide 6x 2 2 x 2 12 by 3x 1 4.

Focus on Divide 2x3 2 x2 1 x 1 4 by x 1 1 using synthetic division.


Operations
3x 1 4x
12.4 Simplify the rational expression, } , if possible. State the excluded values.
x24

12.5 3x 2 2 9x x17
Find the quotient }
2
4}
2
.
x 1 3x 2 18 x 1 5x 2 6
4x
Focus on }
3
Operations Simplify the complex fraction }3 .
28x
4x 1 5 2x 2 3
12.6 Find the sum of }
2
1}
2
.
x 29 x 29
12.7 5x 5

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Solve the equation }
x18
225}
x18
.

Home Involvement Activity

Directions Compare the cost of a season pass and additional expenses, such as
parking and food, for a local amusement park or other summer attraction, to a per
usage cost of the same attraction. Write an equation that gives the average cost C per
use as a function of the number of times n you use the attraction. Graph the equation.
How many times must you go for the season pass to save you money?

x 29 2
12.6: } 12.7: x 5 7 26
6x 1 2
6x x24 x17 22
Focus on Operations:2}2 12.4: } ; 4 12.5: } x 22 26
1 7x 3x(x 2 1)
2
12.3: 2x 2 3 Focus on Operations: 2x2 2 3x 1 4 y
12.1: 136 h 12.2:
Answers

Algebra 1
300 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia
12 Usar con el Capítulo 12

CHAPTER SUPPORT
Vistazo al capítulo Una manera en que puede ayudar a su hijo a tener éxito en
el Capítulo 12 es hablar sobre los objetivos de la lección en la tabla a continuación.
Cuando se termina una lección, pregúntele a su hijo lo siguiente: “¿Cuáles fueron los
objetivos de la lección? ¿Qué palabras y fórmulas nuevas aprendiste? ¿Cómo puedes
aplicar a tu vida las ideas de la lección?”

Título de la lección Objetivos de la lección Aplicaciones clave

12.1: Modelar variación inversa Escribir y graficar ecuaciones de • Teatro


variación inversa • Bicicletas
• Deportes
12.2: Graficar funciones Graficar funciones racionales • Gastos de viaje
racionales • Deportes en equipo
• Eventos de caridad
12.3: Dividir polinomios Dividir polinomios • Gastos de impresa
Enfoque en las Usar división sintética para • Alquiler de películas
operaciones dividir polinomios • Gastos de membresía
12.4: Simplificar expresiones Simplificar expresiones • Teléfonos celulares
racionales racionales • Televisión
• Radios de carro
12.5: Multiplicar y dividir Multiplicar y dividir expresiones • Publicidad
expresiones racionales racionales • Vehículos
Enfoque en las
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Simplificar fracciones complejas • Consumidores


operaciones
12.6: Sumar y restar Sumar y restar expresiones • Viaje en bote
expresiones racionales racionales • Ir en canoa
• Manejar
12.7: Sumar y restar Resolver ecuaciones racionales • Mezclar pintura
expresiones racionales • Hockey sobre hielo
• Tiempos de carrera

Ideas clave para el Capítulo 12


En el Capítulo 12, aplicarás las ideas clave enumeradas en la Presentación del capítulo
(ver la página 789) y revisadas en el Resumen del capítulo (ver la página 859).
1. Graficar funciones racionales
2. Hacer operaciones en expresiones racionales
3. Resolver ecuaciones racionales

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 301
Nombre —————————————————————— Fecha ———————————

CAPÍTULO
Carta para la familia continúa
12 Usar con el Capítulo 12
CHAPTER SUPPORT

Ideas clave Su hijo puede demostrar la comprensión de las ideas clave al hacer los
siguientes ejercicios con usted.

Lección Ejercicio

12.1 Una piscina comunitaria piensa emplear unos salvavidas para el verano. El tiempo
de trabajo t (en horas por persona) varía inversamente con el número g de
salvavidas que se emplean. Se calcula que se necesitarán 20 salvavidas trabajando
170 horas para satisfacer las necesidades. Halla el total del tiempo trabajado por
salvavidas si se emplean 25 salvavidas.

12.2 4
Grafica y 5 }
x13
2 2.

12.3 Divide 6x 2 2 x 2 12 por 3x 1 4.

Enfoque en las Divide 2x3 2 x2 1 x 1 4 por x 1 1 usando división sintética.


operaciones
3x 1 4x
12.4 Simplifica la expresión } , si es posible. Nombra los valores excluidos.
x24

12.5 3x 2 2 9x x17
Halla el cociente de }
2
4}
2
.
x 1 3x 2 18 x 1 5x 2 6
4x
Enfoque en las }
3
operaciones Simplifica la fracción compleja }3 .
28x
4x 1 5 2x 2 3
12.6 Halla la suma de }
2
1}
2
.
x 29 x 29

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


12.7 5x 5
Resuelve la ecuación }
x18
225}
x18
.

Actividad para la familia

Instrucciones Compara el costo de una entrada de temporada y gastos adicionales,


tales como estacionamiento y comida, para un parque de atracciones local u otra
atracción, a un costo de uso por la misma atracción. Escribe una ecuación que indique el
costo promedio C por uso como una función del número de veces n que usas la
atracción. Grafica la ecuación. ¿Cuántas veces tendrías que entrar para que una entrada
de temporada te ahorre dinero?
x 29 2
12.6: } 12.7: x 5 7 26
6x 1 2
6x x24 x17 22
Enfoque en las operaciones: 2}2 12.4: } ; 4 12.5: } x 22 26
1 7x 3x(x 2 1)
2
12.3: 2x 2 3 Enfoque en las operaciones: 2x2 2 3x 1 4 y
12.1: 136 h 12.2:
Respuestas

Algebra 1
302 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Activity Support Master
12.1 For use with page 790

LESSON 12.1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 303
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

Tell whether the equation represents direct variation, inverse variation,


or neither.
1. y 5 27x 2. xy 5 21 3. y 5 x 1 2

23 y
4. x 5 } 5. xy 5 8 6. } 5 9
y x

7. x 5 11y 8. 2x 1 y 5 8 9. y 5 13x

Match the inverse variation equation with its graph.


10. xy 5 10 11. xy 5 210 12. xy 5 5

A. y B. y C. y
6 9
LESSON 12.1

2 3 3
x
22 2 6 x 29 23 3 23 3 9 x
22 23

29

Graph the inverse variation equation. Then find the domain and range of
the function.
22 8 11
13. y 5 } 14. y 5 } 15. y 5 }
x x x
y y y
3 6 9

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 2 3

23 21 1 3 x 26 22 2 6 x 29 23 3 9 x
21 22 23

23 26 29

210 29 7
16. y 5 } 17. y 5 } 18. y 5 }
x x x
y y y
9 9 6

3 3 2

29 23 3 9 x 29 23 3 9 x 26 22 2 6 x
23 23 22

29 29 26

Algebra 1
304 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

Match the inverse variation equation with its description.


24
19. y varies inversely with x and the constant of variation is 4. A. y 5 }
x
1 1
20. y varies inversely with x and the constant of variation is }. B. y 5 }
4 4x
4
21. y varies inversely with x and the constant of variation is 24. C. y 5 }
x

Given that y varies inversely with x, use the specified values to write an inverse
variation equation that relates x and y. Then find the value of y when x 5 2.

22. x 5 1, y 5 3 23. x 5 4, y 5 2 24. x 5 3, y 5 6

25. x 5 22, y 5 8 26. x 5 7, y 5 22 27. x 5 5, y 5 21

LESSON 12.1
Tell whether the table represents inverse variation. If so, write the inverse
variation equation.

28. 29.
x 0 1 2 3 4 x 24 22 2 4 8
y 0 3 6 9 12 y 0.5 1 21 20.5 20.25

In Exercises 30 and 31, tell whether the variables in the situation described
have direct variation, inverse variation, or neither.

30. Bike Ride You are riding your bike at an average speed of 14 miles per hour.
The number of miles you ride d during t hours is given by d 5 14t.
31. Earning Money You want to find out how many hours you need to work at your job to
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

earn $500. The number of hours h you have to work at pay rate p is given by ph 5 500.
32. Volunteer Work Every spring, a volunteer group plants flowers to beautify
different areas of a city. The planting time t (in hours per person) varies inversely
with the number p of people volunteering. The group estimates that 20 people
working for 200 hours can get all of the flower beds planted.
a. Write an inverse variation equation that relates t and p.
b. Find the total amount of time it will take if 32 people
volunteer to plant.
33. Walking You are walking to a bookstore that is 3 miles from s
your home. Write and graph an equation that relates your
Walking speed (mi/hour)

8
walking speed s (in miles per hour) and the time t (in hours) 7
that it takes for you to get to the bookstore. Is the equation 6
an inverse variation equation? Explain. 5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
Time (hours)

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 305
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

Tell whether the equation represents direct variation, inverse variation,


or neither.
1. y 5 211x 2. xy 5 25 3. y 5 x 2 4

28 y
4. x 5 } 5. xy 5 14 6. } 5 13
y x
9
7. 2x 1 y 5 8 8. 3y 5 } 9. 4x 2 4y 5 0
x

Graph the inverse variation equation. Then find the domain and range of
the function.
10. xy 5 12 11. xy 5 26 12. xy 5 7

y y y
LESSON 12.1

9 6

3 2 2
x
23 3 9 x 26 22 2 22 2 6 x
23 22 22

26

28 15 14
13. y 5 } 14. y 5 } 15. y 5 }
x x x
y y y
6 12 12

2 4 4
x
26 22 2 24 4 12 x 4 12 x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


22

26

29 212 5
16. y 5 } 17. y 5 } 18. y 5 }
x x x
y y y
6

3 3 2
x x
29 23 3 29 23 3 22 2 6 x
23 23 22

29 29

Algebra 1
306 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

Given that y varies inversely with x, use the specified values to write an inverse
variation equation that relates x and y. Then find the value of y when x 5 2.

19. x 5 7, y 5 2 20. x 5 3, y 5 9 21. x 5 23, y 5 1

22. x 5 11, y 5 21 23. x 5 212, y 5 212 24. x 5 218, y 5 24

25. x 5 10, y 5 5 26. x 5 7, y 5 24 27. x 5 6, y 5 6

28. x 5 23, y 5 12 29. x 5 25, y 5 40 30. x 5 25, y 5211

Tell whether the table represents inverse variation. If so, write the inverse
variation equation.
31. 32.
x 2 4 6 8 10 x 25 24 1 2 10

LESSON 12.1
y 11 21 31 41 51 y 24 25 20 10 2

33. 34.
x 10 23 25 28 50 x 210 29 26 25 24
y 160 368 400 448 800 y 21.8 22 23 23.6 24.5

35. Catalog Orders A clothing company allows customers to place orders on the
Internet or by phone. The orders must be entered into the computer inventory
system. The amount of time t needed to enter 1000 orders varies inversely with
the number p of people working. The company estimates that 10 people
can enter 1000 orders in 240 minutes.
a. Write an inverse variation equation that relates t and p.
b. Find the time needed to enter 1000 orders if 20 people are working.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

c. Find the time needed to enter 1000 orders if 8 people are working.

36. Volume and Pressure The volume V of a gas at a constant temperature varies
inversely with the pressure P. When the volume is 125 cubic inches, the pressure
is 20 pounds per cubic inch.
a. Write the inverse variation equation that relates P and V.
b. Find the pressure of a gas with a volume of 250 cubic inches.

37. Running Every other day, weather permitting, you run 5 miles. s
Average speed (mi/hour)

Write and graph an equation that relates your average running 8


speed s (in miles per hour) and the time t (in hours) that it takes 7
for you to complete the run. Is the equation an inverse variation 6
equation? Explain. 5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
Time (hours)

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 307
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

Tell whether the equation represents direct variation, inverse variation,


or neither.
1. y 5 20.5x 2. xy 5 20.25 3. 4y 5 x 2 8

27 y
4. x 5 } 5. xy 5 22 6. } 5 4.5
y x

7. x 5 24 8. 8x 2 8y 5 0 9. 5xy 5 30

Graph the inverse variation equation. Then find the domain and range of
the function.
10. xy 5 0.75 11. xy 5 23 12. 2xy 5 14

y y y
LESSON 12.1

3 6
1
1 2

21 1 x 23 21 1 3 x 26 22 2 6 x
21 22
21
23 26

211 20 24
13. y 5 } 14. y 5 } 15. y 5 }
x x x
y y y
9 15 3

3 5 1

29 23 3 9 x 215 25 5 15 x 23 21 1 3 x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23 25 21

29 215 23

1.5 20.2 13
16. y 5 } 17. y 5 } 18. y 5 }
x x x
y y y
3 1.2 12

1 0.4 4

23 21 1 3 x 21.2 20.4 0.4 1.2 x 212 24 4 12 x


21 20.4 24

23 21.2 212

Algebra 1
308 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

Given that y varies inversely with x, use the specified values to write
an inverse variation equation that relates x and y. Then find the value
of y when x 5 2.
19. x 5 17, y 5 23 20. x 5 212, y 5 212 21. x 5 26, y 5 7

22. x 5 9, y 5 4 23. x 5 10, y 5 23 24. x 5 7, y 5 7

25. x 5 23, y 5 50 26. x 5 26, y 5 220 27. x 5 4, y 5 211

28. x 5 219, y 5 6 29. x 5 7, y 5 15 30. x 5 214, y 5 25

Tell whether the table represents inverse variation. If so, write the inverse
variation equation.

31. 32.

LESSON 12.1
x 232 220 216 210 25 x 2 4 20 25 40
y 20.5 20.8 21 21.6 23.2 y 25 22.5 20.5 20.4 20.25

33. Radio Waves The frequency f in hertz (vibrations per second) of a radio wave varies
inversely with the wavelength w (in meters per vibration). When the frequency is
2.336 3 105 hertz, the wavelength is 1.28 meters.
a. Write the inverse variation equation that relates f and w.
b. What is the frequency when the wavelength is 2.92 meters?

34. Saving Money You plan to save the same amount of money each month so that
you can afford a season pass to a local ski area. One season pass costs $400.
a. Let a represent the amount of money that you plan to save each month.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Complete the table that gives the number m of months that you need to
save money for different values of a. Describe how the number of months
changes as the amount of money you save each month increases.

a 40 50 80 100 200 400


m

b. Use the values in the table to draw a graph of the situation. m


Does the graph suggest a situation that represents direct 9
variation or inverse variation? Explain your choice. 8
Number of months

7
c. Write the equation that relates a and m.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 100 200 300 400 a
Amount saved each month
(dollars)

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 309
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

GOAL Write and graph inverse variation equations.

Vocabulary
a
The variables x and y show inverse variation if y 5 }x and a Þ 0.

The number a is the constant of variation, and y is said to vary


inversely with x.
a
The graph of the inverse variation equation y 5 }x (a Þ 0) is a
hyperbola. The two symmetrical parts of a hyperbola are called the
branches of a hyperbola. The hyperbola also has two asymptotes,
which are lines that a hyperbola approaches but does not intersect.
LESSON 12.1

EXAMPLE 1 Identify direct and inverse variation


Tell whether the equation represents direct variation, inverse variation,
or neither.
1 y
a. xy 5 } b. y 5 3x 2 1 c. } 5 x
5 3

Solution
1
a. xy 5 }
5
Write original equation.
1
y5}
5x
Divide each side by x.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 a 1
Because xy 5 }5 can be written in the form y 5 }x , xy = }5
represents inverse variation.
a
b. Because y 5 3x 2 1 cannot be written in the form y 5 } or
x
y 5 ax, y 5 3x 2 1 does not represent either direct variation or
inverse variation.
y
c. }5x
3
Write original equation.
y 5 3x Multiply each side by 3.
y y
Because }3 5 x can be written in the form y 5 ax, }3 5 x represents
direct variation.

Exercises for Example 1


Tell whether the equation represents direct variation, inverse variation,
or neither.
y x
1. 8x 5 y 2 3 2. 2x 5 8y 3. xy 5 3 4. } 5 }
2 3

Algebra 1
310 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

EXAMPLE 2 Graph an inverse variation equation


6
Graph y 5 } . Then find the domain and range of the function.
x

STEP 1 Make a table by choosing several integer values of x and finding the values of
y. Then plot the points. To see how the function behaves for values of x closer
to 0 and farther from 0, make a second table for such values and plot the points.
y
x 26 23 21 0 1 3 6 12

y 21 22 26 undefined 6 2 1
4

x 212 210 20.6 20.5 0.5 0.6 10 12 4 12 x

LESSON 12.1
y 20.5 20.6 210 212 12 10 0.6 0.5

STEP 2 Connect the points in Quadrant I by drawing a smooth curve through them.
Repeat for the points in Quadrant III.
Both the domain and the range of the function are all real numbers except 0.

EXAMPLE 3 Use an inverse variation equation


The variables x and y vary inversely, and y 5 22 when x 5 4.
a. Write an inverse variation equation that relates x and y.
b. Find the value of y when x 5 210.

Solution
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a
a. Because y varies inversely with x, the equation has the form y 5 } .
x
Use the fact that x 5 4 and y 5 22 to find the value of a.
a
y 5 }x Write inverse variation equation.
a a
22 5 }4 Substitute 4 for x and 22 for y in y 5 }x .
28 5 a Multiply each side by 4.
28
An equation that relates x and y is y 5 }
x
.

28 4
b. When x 5 210, y 5 } 5 } .
210 5

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


Graph the inverse variation equation. Then find the domain and range
of the function.
12 20 22 215
5. y 5 } 6. y 5 } 7. y 5 } 8. y 5 }
x x x x
9. The variables x and y vary inversely. Write an inverse variation equation that
relates x to y when x 5 2 and y 5 8. Then find y when x 5 24.
Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 311
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
12.1 For use with pages 790–798

In Exercises 1–10, use the following information.


The variables u and v vary inversely with a constant of variation a.
The variables x and y vary inversely with a constant of variation b.
The variables w and z vary inversely with a constant of variation c.
The variables u and x vary directly with a constant of variation d.
The variables x and z vary directly with a constant of variation k.
Determine an equation relating the given variables and tell whether the given
variables vary directly or inversely.
1. x and v 2. v and y

3. u and w 4. u and z
LESSON 12.1

5. v and z 6. y and u

7. w and x 8. v and w

9. w and y 10. y and z

In Exercises 11–15, use the following information.


The points (1, 2a) and (a 2 1, a 2 ) are two of the points that lie on the graph of an inverse
c
variation equation of the form y 5 }x .
11. Find the value of a.

12. Find the value of c.

13. Find the value of x when y is 6.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


14. Find the value of y when x is 8.

15. Find the value of x when y is 1000.

Algebra 1
312 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

Match the function with its graph.


1 1 1
1. y 5 } 2. y 5 } 3. y 5 }
5x x25 x15
A. y B. y C. y
6 6
1
2 2

22 6 10 x 210 22 2 x 1 x
22 22

26 26

Identify the domain and range of the function from its graph.
4. y 5. y 6. y
9 6 6

3 2
2 x 2 x
23 3 9 15 x
23 22 22

29 26 26

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Then compare the
1
graph with the graph of y 5 } .
x
4 1 25

LESSON 12.2
7. y 5 } 8. y 5 } 9. y 5 }
x 3x x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y y y
6 1 6

1
2 2
3
26 22 2 6 x 21 1 1 1 x 26 22 2 6 x
22 2 22
3 3

26 21 26

1 1 1
10. y 5 } 1 4 11. y 5 } 2 2 12. y 5 }
x x x16
y y y
10 1 6

23 21 1 3 x
6 21 2

210 26 22 x
2 23 22

26 22 2 6 x
22 25 26

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 313
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A continued
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

Match the function with its asymptotes.


1 1 1
13. y 5 } 2 2 14. y 5 } 1 3 15. y 5 } 1 2
x13 x22 x23

A. x 5 3, y 5 2 B. x 5 2, y 5 3 C. x 5 23, y 5 22

Determine the asymptotes of the graph of the function.


23 211 6
16. y 5 }
x28
17. y 5 }x 2 14 18. y 5 } 1 5
x26
24 10 8
19. y 5 } 1 1 20. y 5 } 2 2 21. y 5 } 2 7
x 1 13 x 1 10 x15

Graph the function.


4 2 1
22. y 5 } 2 1 23. y 5 } 1 2 24. y 5 } 2 5
x x x13

y y y
6 5 2

210 26 22 2 x
2 3 22

26 22 2 6 x
22 1 26

23 21 1 3 x
26 21 210

25. Football Hall of Fame Your football team is planning a bus trip
LESSON 12.2

C
to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The cost for renting a bus is 175
Cost (dollars/person)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


$500, and the cost will be divided equally among the people 150
who are going on the trip. One admission costs $13. 125
100
a. Write an equation that gives the cost C (in dollars per person)
75
of the trip as a function of the number p of people going on
50
the trip. 25
b. Graph the equation. 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 p
Number of people

26. Prom It’s prom season and a florist has orders for
f
400 boutonnieres and corsages. Currently, 3 people are 175
flowers per person
Average number of

scheduled to put together the flowers. The florist hopes 150


to call in some extra workers to complete all of the flowers. 125
Write an equation that gives the average number f of 100
boutonnieres and corsages made per person as a function 75
50
of the number p of extra workers that can come in and help
25
complete the work. Then graph the equation.
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 p
Number of extra workers

Algebra 1
314 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

Identify the domain and range of the function from its graph.
1. y 2. y 3. y
6 6 2

215 29 23 3 x
2 2 22

22 2 6 x 22 2 6 x
22 22 26

26 26 210

4. y 5. y 6. y
215 29 23 3 x
22 2

2 6 x
26 2

26 2 x
210 22 26

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Then compare the
1
graph with the graph of y 5 } .
x
8 1 23
7. y 5 } 8. y 5 } 9. y 5 }
x 6x 2x
y y y
6
1

LESSON 12.2
2 1
x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

22 2 6 x 1 x 23 21 1
22 21

23

1 1 1
10. y 5 } 2 7 11. y 5 } 1 10 12. y 5 }
x x x24
y y y
3
23 21 1 3 x
22
1
26
6 10 x
21
2
23
23 21 1 3 x

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 315
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B continued
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

Determine the asymptotes of the graph of the function.


10 28 14
13. y 5 } 1 4 14. y 5 } 2 6 15. y 5 } 2 8
x26 x15 x23
12 24 9
16. y 5 } 1 7 17. y 5 } 1 12 18. y 5 } 1 10
x17 x28 x15
14 212 7
19. y 5 } 1 1 20. y 5 } 2 3 21. y 5 } 2 14
x 2 14 x 1 12 x25

Graph the function.


2 1 23
22. y 5 } 1 5 23. y 5 } 1 2 24. y 5 } 2 1
x x24 x16
y y y
5 6
10
3 2
22 x
6
1

22 2 6 10 x
21 26
23 21 1 3 x

25. Baseball Hall of Fame Your baseball team is planning a bus trip
C
to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The cost for renting a bus 140
Cost (dollars/person)

is $515, and the cost will be divided equally among the people 120
who are going on the trip. One admission costs $14.50. 100
80
a. Write an equation that gives the cost C (in dollars per person)
LESSON 12.2

60
of the trip as a function of the number p of people going on
40
the trip.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


20
0
b. Graph the equation. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 p
c. What would the cost per person be if 20 people go on the trip? Number of people

26. Fundraiser A pizza shop makes pizzas that organizations sell for n
Average number of pizzas

fundraisers. One organization has placed an order for 450 pizzas. 140
Currently, 4 people are scheduled to put together the pizzas. 120
The owner of the shop hopes to call in some extra workers to 100
complete all of the pizzas. 80
60
a. Write an equation that gives the average number n of pizzas
40
made per person as a function of the number p of extra 20
workers that can come in and help complete the work. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 p
b. Graph the equation.
Number of extra workers
c. If 2 people come in to help out, what is the average number
of pizzas made person?

Algebra 1
316 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Then compare the
1
graph with the graph of y 5 } .
x
21 4 25
1. y 5 } 2. y 5 } 3. y 5 }
8x 5x 3x
y y y
3 3
1
1 1

21 1 x 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
21
23 23

22 7 1
4. y 5 } 5. y 5 } 6. y 5 } 2 9
3x 2x x
y y y
3 3
26 22 2 6 x
22
1 1
26
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
210
23 23

1 1 1
7. y 5 } 1 5 8. y 5 } 9. y 5 }
x x26 x18

LESSON 12.2
y y y
10 6 6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

6 2 2

22 2 6 10 x 210 26 22 x
2 22 22

26 22 2 6 x
22 26 26

Determine the asymptotes of the graph of the function.


22 4 210
10. y 5 } 2 10 11. y 5 } 1 2 12. y 5 } 2 3
x 1 13 4x 2 8 5x 1 5

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 317
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C continued
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

Graph the function.


4 22 5
13. y 5 } 1 5 14. y 5 } 2 1 15. y 5 } 1 2
x23 x12 x14
y y y
10
1 6
6
25 23 21 1 x
21 2
2
210 26 22 x
23 22
22 2 6 10 x
22

22 3 24
16. y 5 } 2 4 17. y 5 } 2 2 18. y 5 } 2 4
x24 x16 x12
y y y
2 2
2
22 2 6 10 x 26 22 2 x
22 22
210 26 22 x
22
26 26
26
210 210

19. Zoo Trip A grade school is taking a trip to the zoo. A parent n
group of 6 people is responsible for putting together 225 box
box lunches per person

35
Average number of
LESSON 12.2

lunches for the trip. The group hopes to recruit extra people for 30
the task. Write an equation that gives the average number n 25

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


of box lunches made per person as a function of the number p 20
of parents that can come in and help complete the task. Then 15
10
graph the equation. How many people need to come in so
5
that the average number of box lunches made per person is
0
15 box lunches? 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 p
Number of extra parents

20. Video Games You rent games from a web site for $17.25 per C
Average cost per
rental (dollars)

month. You can rent any number of games per month, but you 4
usually rent at least 4 games per month. 3
2
a. Write an equation that gives the average cost C per rental
1
as a function of the number r of additional rentals beyond 0
4 rentals. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 r
Number of additional
b. Graph the equation from part (a). Then use the graph to rentals
approximate the number of additional rentals needed per
month so that the average cost is $2.25.

Algebra 1
318 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

GOAL Graph rational functions.

Vocabulary
A rational function has a rule given by a fraction whose numerator
and denominator are polynomials and whose denominator is not 0.

1
EXAMPLE 1 Graph y 5 } 1k
x

1
Graph y 5 } 2 2 and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
x
1
with the graph of y 5 } .
x

Graph the function using x y


y
3
a table of values.
22 22.5 1
The domain is all real 1
y 5x
numbers except 0. The range 21 23
21 1 3 x
is all real numbers except 22.
20.5 24
1
The graph of y 5 }x 2 2 is a 1
0 undefined y 5 x 22
vertical translation (of 2 units
0.5 0
1
down) of the graph of y 5 }x .
1 21
2 21.5

LESSON 12.2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1
EXAMPLE 2 Graph y 5 }
x2h

1
Graph y 5 } and identify its domain and range. Compare the graph
x24
1
with the graph of y 5 } .
x

Graph the function using x y


y
a table of values. 1
2 20.5 6 y 5x 2 4
The domain is all real
numbers except 4. The range 3 21 2
is all real numbers except 0. 3.5 22 6 x
1 1
The graph of y 5 }
x24
is a 4 undefined y 5x
horizontal translation (of 4 units 4.5 2 26
1
up) of the graph of y 5 }x . 5 1
6 0.5

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 319
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Graph the function and identify its domain and range. Compare the
1
graph with the graph of y 5 } .
x
8 1 1
1. y 5 }
x
2. y 5 }x 1 5 3. y 5 }
x 1 10

a
EXAMPLE 3 Graph y 5 } 1 k.
x 2h

5
Graph y 5 } 2 2.
x13
Solution

STEP 1 Identify the asymptotes of the graph. y

The vertical asymptote is x 5 23. 6


The horizontal asymptote is y 5 22.
2
x
STEP 2 Plot several points on each side of the
26
vertical asymptote.
5
y5 22
x13
STEP 3 Graph two branches that pass through 26
the plotted points and approach the
asymptotes.
LESSON 12.2

Exercise for Example 3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


2
4. Graph y 5 } 11.
x22

Algebra 1
320 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
12.2 For use with pages 799–808

In Exercises 1–5, find the asymptotes of the graph of the function,


then graph the function.
3
1. f (x) 5 } 1 4
22x
5
2. f(x) 5 } 2 3
2x 1 1
21
3. f(x) 5 } 1 1
x11
22
4. f(x) 5 } 1 2
3 2 4x
6 1
5. f(x) 5 } 2 }
1 2
}x 1 }
4
2 3

In Exercises 6–10, find a function whose graph satisfies the


given conditions.
a
6. f has the form f(x) 5 } 1 d; f has a vertical asymptote at x 5 3;
bx 1 d
3
f has a horizontal asymptote at y 5 2; f (6) 5 }2.

a 1
7. f has the form f(x) 5 } 1 c; f has a vertical asymptote at x 5 };
ax 1 b 7
13
f has a horizontal asymptote at y 5 1; f (1) 5 } .

LESSON 12.2
6
6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

8. f has the form f(x) 5 } 1 c; f has a vertical asymptote at x 5 22;


cx 1 b

f has a horizontal asymptote at y 5 21; f (1) 5 23.


6 1
9. f has the form f(x) 5 }; f has a vertical asymptote at x 5 2};
ax 1 b 2

f has a horizontal asymptote at y 5 0; f (0) 5 6 and f (1) 5 2.


24 3
10. f has the form f(x) 5 } 1 c; f has a vertical asymptote at x 5 };
ax 1 b 2

f has a horizontal asymptote at y 5 2; f (1) 5 22.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 321
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Graphing Calculator Activity Keystrokes
12.3 For use with pages 818 and 819

TI-83 Plus Casio CFX-9850GC Plus


Example 1 Example 1
Y= ( 2 X,T,�,n � 1 ) � ( 3 From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
X,T,�,n x 2
� 4 X,T,�,n � 5 ) ( 2 X,,T � 1 ) � ( 3 X,,T

ENTER WINDOW (�) 10 ENTER x 2


� 4 X,,T � 5 ) EXE SHIFT F3

10 ENTER 2 ENTER (�) 1 ENTER 1 (�) 10 EXE 10 EXE 2 EXE (�) 1 EXE

ENTER .2 ENTER TRACE 1 EXE .2 EXE EXIT F6 SHIFT F1


Use the arrow keys to identify the asymptotes. Use the arrow keys to identify the asymptotes.
Example 2 Example 2
Y= CLEAR ( 2 X,T,�,n x2 � 1 ) From the main menu, choose GRAPH.
� ( X,T,�,n x 2
� 9 ) ENTER ( 2 X,,T x2 � 1 ) � ( X,,T

ZOOM 6 TRACE x 2
� 9 ) EXE SHIFT F3 F3 EXIT
F6 SHIFT F1
Use the arrow keys to identify the asymptotes.
Use the arrow keys to identify the asymptotes.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


LESSON 12.3

Algebra 1
322 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
12.3 For use with pages 810–817

Simplify the expression.


18x 3 215x 2 210x
1. } 2. } 3. }
6x 5x 10x

Divide.
4. (9x 3 2 6x 2 1 18x) 4 3x 5. (14x 3 1 21x 2 2 28x) 4 7x
6. (16x 4 2 16x 3 2 24x 2) 4 8x 7. (20x 4 2 5x 2 1 10x) 4 5x
8. (22x 3 1 6x 2 1 4x) 4 (22x) 9. (4x 3 2 16x 2 1 20x) 4 (24x)

Match the equivalent expressions.


10. (x 2 1 3x 2 10) 4 (x 1 5) A. x 2 2

11. (x 2 2 3x 2 10) 4 (x 1 5) B. x 1 5

30
12. (x 2 1 3x 2 10) 4 (x 2 2) C. x 2 8 1 }
x15

Divide.
13. (x 2 1 10x 1 24) 4 (x 1 6) 14. (x 2 2 2x 2 15) 4 (x 1 3)
15. (x 2 2 7x 1 6) 4 (x 2 1) 16. (x3y2 1 3x2y 1 2xy) 4 xy

17. Moped Rental While on vacation, you decide to rent a moped


C
Average cost per

to see the sights. A local rental store offers mopeds for $20 an
hour (dollars)

50
hour plus a $5 gasoline fill-up fee. 40
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

30
a. Write an equation that gives the average cost C per hour as
20
a function of the number h of hours you rent the moped.
0
b. Graph the equation. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 h
Number of hours rented

18. Car Dealer The number of sports cars that a dealer sells per
R
sold to total cars sold

year between 1995 and 2004 can be modeled by S 5 4t 1 21


Ratio of sports cars

0.178
where t is the number of years since 1995. The total number 0.176
of cars sold by the dealer can be modeled by C 5 24t 1 120. 0.174
0.172
a. Use long division to find a model for the ratio R of
0.170
the number of sports cars sold to the total number
LESSON 12.3

0.168
of cars sold.
0
b. Graph the model. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
Years since 1995

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 323
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
12.3 For use with pages 810–817

Divide.
1. (18x 3 2 24x 2 1 12x) 4 6x 2. (25x 3 1 15x 2 2 30x) 4 (25x)
3. (22x 4 2 18x 2 1 6x) 4 (22x) 4. (x 2 1 6x 1 5) 4 (x 1 5)
5. (5x 2 1 7x 2 6) 4 (x 1 2) 6. (4x 2 1 x 2 5) 4 (x 2 1)
7. (6x 2 1 22x 2 8) 4 (x 1 4) 8. (4x 2 1 x 2 8) 4 (x 2 2)
9. (10x3y4 1 4x2y 2 2xy) 4 2xy 10. (24a5b 1 16a4b2 2 8a3b) 4 8a3b

Graph the function.


x18 3x 2 5 x15
11. y 5 } 12. y 5 } 13. y 5 }
x x x22
y y y
12
6 6
4
2 2
212 4 12 x
26 22 2 6 x 6 x
22
212

14. Scootcar Rental A resort area offers rentals of scootcars


C
(a cross between a scooter and a small car) for $40 per hour 80
Average cost per
hour (dollars)

plus a $4.50 gasoline fill-up fee. 70


a. Write an equation that gives the average cost C per hour as 60
50

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


a function of the number h of hours the scootcar is rented.
40
b. Graph the equation. 30
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 h
Time (hours)

15. Juice Bar Between 1995 and 2004, the number D of drinks
Ratio of fruit drinks sold

(in thousands) sold at a juice bar can be modeled by R


to total drinks sold

1.8
D 5 4t 1 18 where t is the number of years since 1995. 1.5
The number F of drinks (in thousands) made from fruit juice 1.2
rather than vegetable juice can be modeled by F 5 2t 1 32. 0.9
LESSON 12.3

a. Use long division to find a model for the ratio R of 0.6


the number of fruit drinks sold to the total number 0.3
of drinks sold. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
b. Graph the model. Years since 1995

Algebra 1
324 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
12.3 For use with pages 810–817

Divide.
1. (45x 4 2 60x 2 1 30x) 4 15x 2. (96x 3 2 64x 2 2 24x) 4 (28x)
3. (7x 2 1 2x 2 5) 4 (x 2 2) 4. (9 2 3x 2 x 2) 4 (1 2 x)
5. (22 2 4x 1 3x 2) 4 (x 2 4) 6. (6x 1 x 2 1 5) 4 (3 1 x)
7. (8x 1 x 2 2 3) 4 (2 2 x) 8. (9x 2 2 4) 4 (3x 1 1)
9. (15x8y5 2 3x6y4 2 2x2y2) 4 3x2y 10. (56a5b4 1 14a3b3 2 9a4b2) 4 7a3b2

Graph the function.


52x 3 1 6x 8 2 5x
11. y 5 } 12. y 5 } 13. y 5 }
x17 x22 x14
y y y
9
15 5
3
215 25 5 x
5 25
215 29 23 3 x
23
25 5 15 x
25 215
29

14. Car Rental A local car rental company offers an economy


C
car rental for $24 per day plus $.06 per mile. You want to 28
rent the car for three days.
Average cost per

24
mile (dollars)

a. Write an equation that gives the average cost C per mile as 20


16
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a function of the number m of miles you drive the rental.


12
b. Graph the equation. 8
4
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 m
Number of miles

15. Athletic Shoes Between 1999 and 2002, the sales S of


sold to total shoes sold

R
Ratio of walking shoes

athletic and sport footwear (in millions of dollars) can be 0.255


modeled by S 5 546t 1 12,552 where t is the number of 0.250
years since 1999. The sales W of walking shoes (in millions 0.245
LESSON 12.3

of dollars) can be modeled by W 5 91t 1 3141. 0.240


0.235
a. Use long division to find a model for the ratio R of
0.230
walking shoe sales to all athletic shoe sales.
0
b. Graph the model. 0 1 2 3 4 t
Years since 1999

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 325
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
12.3 For use with pages 810–817

GOAL Divide polynomials.

EXAMPLE 1 Divide a polynomial by a monomial


Divide 15x 3 2 10x 2 2 20x by 25x.
Solution

METHOD 1: Write the division as a fraction.


3 2
15x 2 10x 220x
(15x 3 2 10x 2 2 20x) 4 (25x) 5 }} 25x
Write as fraction.
15x3 210x2 220x
5}
25x
1}
25x
1}
25x
Divide each term by 25x.

5 23x2 1 2x 1 4 Simplify.

METHOD 2: Use long division.

Think: Think: Think:


3
15x 4 (25x) 210x2 4 (25x) 220x 4 (25x)

23x2 1 2x 1 4
25x qww
15x3 2 10x2 2 20x
(15x3 2 10x2 2 20x) 4 (25x) 5 23x2 1 2x 1 4
CHECK 25x(23x2 1 2x 1 4) 0 15x3 2 10x2 2 20x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


25x(23x2) 1 (25x)(2x) 1 (25x)(4) 0 15x3 2 10x2 2 20x
15x3 2 10x2 2 20x 5 15x3 2 10x2 2 20x ✓

Exercises for Example 1


Divide.
1. (14p3 2 35p2 1 42p) 4 7p
2. (12r 3 1 8r 2 2 22r) 4 2r
3. (15t 3 1 6t 2 2 18t) 4 (23t)
LESSON 12.3

Algebra 1
326 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
12.3 For use with pages 810–817

EXAMPLE 2 Divide a polyomial by a binomial


Divide 6x 2 2 13x 1 2 by 2x 2 5.
Solution
3x 1 1
2x 2 5 q 6x 2 13x 1 2
ww
2

6x2 2 15x Multiply 3x and 2x 2 5.


2x 1 2 Subtract 6x2 2 15x. Bring down 2.
2x 2 5 Multiply 1 and 2x 2 5.
7 Subtract 2x 2 5.
7
(6x2 2 13x 1 2) 4 (2x 2 5) 5 3x 1 1 1 }
2x 2 5

EXAMPLE 3 Insert missing terms


Divide 16y 2 2 7 by 3 1 4y.
Solution
4y 2 3
4y 1 3 q16y 1 0y 2 7
ww
2
Rewrite polynomials. Insert missing term.
16y2 1 12y Multiply 4y and 4y 1 3.
212y 2 7 Subtract 16y2 1 12y. Bring down 27.
212y 2 9 Multiply 23 and 4y 1 3.
2 Subtract 212y 2 9.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

2
(16y 2 2 7) 4 (3 1 4y) 5 4y 2 3 1 }
4y 1 3

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


Divide.
4. (8x 2 2 22x 2 21) 4 (2x 2 7)
5. (24x 2 2 19x 1 6) 4 (8x 2 1)
6. (4x 2 2 25) 4 (25 1 2x)
LESSON 12.3

7. (16x 2 2 46) 4 (4x 1 7)

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 327
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
12.3 For use with pages 810–817

In Exercises 1–5, divide.


1. (x 3 1 3x 2 2 4x 2 12) 4 (x 2 2 4)
2. (x 4 1 2x 3 2 10x 2 2 23x 2 6) 4 (x 2 2 3x 2 1)
3. (x 2 1 1) 4 (x 2 2 1)
4. (x 3 1 3x 2 1 3x 1 1) 4 (x 1 1)
5. (5x 4 2 3x 2 1 6) 4 (x 2 1 3x 1 1)

In Exercises 6–10, find the polynomial p(x) that satisfies the


given equation.
6. p(x) 4 (6x 1 1) 5 3x 2 1 5

7. p(x) 4 (x 2 1 3x 2 5) 5 x 2 1 6x 1 1

5
8. p(x) 4 (2x 2 1 1) 5 3x 1 1 1 }
2x 2 11
2x 2 1
9. p(x) 4 (x 3 1 x 1 1) 5 x 2 1 5 1 }
x3 1 x 1 1
x3 1 x2 1 x 1 1
10. p(x) 4 (x 4 1 1) 5 1 1 }}
x4 1 1

In Exercises 11–15, find the polynomial q(x) that satisfies the


given equation.
11. (x 2 1 8x 1 15) 4 q(x) 5 x 1 5
12. (x 3 2 2x 2 2 8x 2 3) 4 q(x) 5 x 2 1 2x 1 1

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


13. (x 4 2 5x 3 1 4x 2 2 5x 1 3) 4 q(x) 5 x 2 1 1
14. (2x 7 1 5x 5 2 x 4 1 2x 3 1 5x 2 1) 4 q(x) 5 x 4 1 1
2
25x 1 14
15. (x 5 1 3x 2 2 1) 4 q(x) 5 x 3 1 5x 1 3 1 } 2
x 25
LESSON 12.3

Algebra 1
328 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Practice
12.3 For use with pages 820–821

Divide using synthetic division.


1. (x2 1 2x 2 3) 4 (x 2 1) 2. (x2 1 5x 1 4) 4 (x 1 4)

3. (x3 2 4x2 1 4x 2 2) 4 (x 2 2) 4. (2x4 2 x2 1 2x 2 4) 4 (x 1 1)

5. (x3 2 6x2 1 4x 1 5) 4 (x 2 5) 6. (2x4 1 6x3 2 x2 2 5x 2 6) 4 (x 1 3)

7. (x3 1 6x2 1 6x 1 4) 4 (x 1 5) 8. (x3 2 3x2 – 3x 1 1) 4 (x 2 3)

9. (x4 2 3x2 2 3) 4 (x 2 1) 10. (x3 2 3x2 1 2x 2 24) 4 (x 2 4)

11. 1 x3 2 }12 x2 1 x 2 }32 2 4 1 x 2 }12 2 12. 1 x3 2 }13 x2 1 2x 2 }23 2 4 1 x 2 }13 2


13. Application Can you use synthetic division to divide x4 2 2x2 1 1 by x2 2 1?
Explain why or why not.
14. Challenge What value of a makes the remainder of (5x3 1 52x2 1 15x 2 a) 4 (x 1 10)
equal to zero?
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

FOCUS ON 12.3

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 329
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery
12.3 For use with pages 820–821

GOAL Use synthetic division to divide polynomials.

Vocabulary
Synthetic division is a convenient method to use when dividing a
polynomial by a binomial of the form x 2 k where k is a constant.
Synthetic division is derived from polynomial long division but uses
only the value of k and the coefficients of the dividend.

EXAMPLE 1 Use synthetic division

Divide 2x3 1 6x2 2 8x 2 12 by x 2 2 using synthetic division.

Solution

STEP 1 Write the value of k from the K VALUE      COEFFICIENTS


divisor and coefficients of
the dividend in order of
descending exponents.

STEP 2 Bring down the leading coefficient.     


Multiply the leading coefficient by
the k-value. Write the product under 
the second coefficient. Add.
 

STEP 3 Multiply the previous sum by the     


k-value, and write the product under

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


the next coefficient. Add. Repeat for   
all of the remaining coefficients.
   

STEP 4 Identify the quotient and remainder.     


The bottom row gives the coefficients
of the quotient and the remainder.   
COEFFICIENTS     REMAINDER
OFQUOTIENT

12
(2x3 1 6x2 2 8x 2 12) 4 (x 2 2) 5 2x2 1 10x 1 12 1 }
x22
FOCUS ON 12.3

Exercises for Example 1


Divide using synthetic division.
1. (x3 2 3x2 1 2x 2 3) 4 (x 2 1) 2. (2x4 2 4x2 2 6x 2 7) 4 (x 2 2)

Algebra 1
330 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery continued
12.3 For use with pages 820–821

EXAMPLE 2 Use synthetic division

Divide x3 1 6x2 1 6x 2 9 by x 1 3 using synthetic division.

Solution

STEP 1 Write the value of k from the divisor and the coefficients of the dividend in
order of descending exponents.
K VALUE      COEFFICIENTS

STEP 2 Bring down the leading coefficient. Multiply the leading coefficient by the
k-value. Write the product under the second coefficient. Add.
    



 

STEP 3 Multiply the previous sum by the k-value, and write the product under the
next coefficient. Add. Repeat for all of the remaining coefficients.
    

  
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

   

STEP 4 Identify the quotient and remainder from the bottom row. The quotient is
x2 1 3x 2 3, and the remainder is 0.

(x3 1 6x2 1 6x 2 9) 4 (x 1 3) 5 x2 1 3x 2 3

Exercises for Example 2


Divide using synthetic division.
FOCUS ON 12.3

3. (x3 2 2x2 1 4x 1 2) 4 (x 1 1) 4. (x3 1 4x2 1 6x 1 4) 4 (x 1 2)

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 331
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
12.4 For use with pages 822–828

Find the excluded values, if any, of the expression.


LESSON 12.4

8x 15 10
1. } 2. } 3. }
24 4x x26
24 1 5
4. } 5. } 6. }
x13 2x 2 2 8x 2 16
8 5 21
7. } 8. } 9. }
3x 1 6 2x 2 1 3x 1 2

Determine whether the expression is in simplest form.


x21 x11
10. } 11. }
3x 2 3 x2 2 1
x 1 10 x13
12. } 13. }
x2 2 4 x 2 2 4x
x15 x
14. } 15. }
x 2 1 5x x 2 2 4x 1 4

Simplify the rational expression, if possible. Find the excluded values.


14 42
16. } 17. }
21x 12x
2x 1 4 x15
18. } 19. }
x12 x25

x26 10x
20. } 21. }2
x 2 2 36 x 2 100

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


22. Deck You have drawn up preliminary plans for a rectangular
deck that will be attached to the back of your house. You have
decided that the length of the deck should be twice the width x
as shown.
a. Write a rational expression for the ratio of the perimeter to
the area of the deck.
2x
b. Simplify your expression from part (a).

23. School Enrollment The total enrollment (in thousands) of students in public
schools from kindergarten through college from 1996 to 1999 can be modeled
by E 5 465t 1 56,780 where t is the number of years since 1996. The total
enrollment (in thousands) of students in public schools from kindergarten
through grade 8 can be modeled by K 5 245t 1 32,800.
a. Write a model for the ratio R of the number of enrollments in kindergarten
through grade 8 to the total number of enrollments.
b. Simplify your model from part (a).

Algebra 1
332 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
12.4 For use with pages 822–828

Find the excluded values, if any, of the expression.

LESSON 12.4
14 28 5x
1. } 2. } 3. }
3x x25 x 1 10
2x 3x x11
4. } 5. } 6. }
4x 2 8 7x 1 21 3x 1 7
x16 8 7x
7. }2
8. }} 9. }2
x 2 2x 1 1 x 2 1 4x 2 12 x 2 25

Simplify the rational expression, if possible. Find the excluded values.


236x 2 6x 2 24
10. } 11. }
18x x24
4x 2 12 x 1 11
12. } 13. }
32x x 2 2 121
x13 x24
14. }} 15. }}
2
x 1 10x 1 21 x 2 1 11x 1 24

Write and simplify a rational expression for the ratio of the perimeter to
the area of the given figure.
16. Square 17. Rectangle 18. Triangle

2x 2x 1 1 2x 1 1
8x 2x

x15 2x 1 2
8x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

19. Zoo Exhibit The directors of a zoo have drawn up


preliminary plans for a rectangular exhibit. They have
decided on dimensions that are related as shown.
a. Write a rational expression for the ratio of the 4x 2 2
perimeter to the area of the exhibit.
b. Simplify your expression from part (a).
4x 1 3

20. Materials Used The material consumed M (in thousands of pounds) by a plastic
injection molding machine per year between 1995 and 2004 can be modeled by
8t 2 1 66t 1 70
M 5 }}
2 (3 2 0.2t 1 0.1t )(t 1 7)
where t is the number of years since 1995. Simplify the model and approximate the
number of pounds consumed in 2000.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 333
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
12.4 For use with pages 822–828

Find the excluded values, if any, of the expression.


LESSON 12.4

2x 12 5x 2
1. }} 2. } 3. }}
3x 2 1 11x 2 4 2
8x 2 3x 2 5 2
x 2 14x 1 49

Simplify the rational expression, if possible. Find the excluded values.


x27 28x 3 9x 2 2 36x
4. } 5. } 6. }2
x 2 2 6x 2 7 12x 2 2 20x 12x 2 24x
15x 4 2x 2 4 4x 2 2 12x
7. } 8. } 9. }}
15x 2 1 20x x 2 1 8x 2 20 2x 2 2 5x 2 3
x 2 1 4x 2 60 x24 x 2 1 7x 1 10
10. }} 11. }} 12. }
2x 2 1 23x 1 30 x 3 2 8x 2 1 16x 2x 3 2 8x

a 5x 1 1
13. The expression }} simplifies to } . What is the value of a?
15x 2 1 13x 1 2 3x 1 2
Explain how you got your answer.
3x 2 1
14. Find two polynomials whose ratio simplifies to } and whose sum is
5x 1 1
8x 2 1 24x. Describe your steps.
15. Gazebo You have drawn up a preliminary plan for a gazebo that x13
you want to build in your backyard. Your plan for the base is to
x x
use two identical trapezoids as shown at the right. x21
a. Write a rational expression for the ratio of the perimeter to
the area of the floor of the gazebo. 2x 1 4

b. Simplify your expression from part (a).

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


16. Advertisement Flyers The number A (in hundreds of thousands) of advertising
flyers sent out by a department store between 1995 and 2004 can be modeled by
6t 2 1 102t 1 312
A 5 }}}
(18 2 0.5t 1 0.01t )(t 1 13)
2

where t is the number of years since 1995.


a. Simplify the model.
A
(hundreds of thousands)

b. Use the model to approximate how many flyers were sent 7


Number of flyers

out in 2001. 6
5
c. Graph the model. Describe how the number of flyers sent
4
out changed over time. 3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
Years since 1995

Algebra 1
334 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
12.4 For use with pages 822–828

GOAL Simplify rational expressions.

LESSON 12.4
Vocabulary
A rational expression is an expression that can be written as a
ratio of two polynomials.
A rational expression is undefined when the denominator is 0.
A number that makes a rational expression undefined is called
an excluded value.
A rational expression is in simplest form if the numerator and
denominator have no factors in common other than 1.

EXAMPLE 1 Find excluded values


Find the excluded values, if any, of the expression.
8 x x12 12
a. } b. } c. } d. }
22x 3x 2 9 x2 1 2x 2 15 5x2 1 2x 1 7
Solution
8
a. The expression } is undefined when 22x 5 0, or x 5 0. The
22x
excluded value is 0.
x
b. The expression } is undefined when 3x 2 9 5 0, or x 5 3.
3x 2 9
The excluded value is 3.
x12
is undefined when x2 1 2x 2 15 5 0,
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

c. The expression }
x2 1 2x 2 15
or (x 2 3)(x 1 5) 5 0.
The solutions of the equation are 3 and 25. The excluded values
are 3 and 25.
12
d. The expression } is undefined when 5x2 1 2x 1 7 5 0.
5x2 1 2x 1 7
The discriminant is b2 2 4ac 5 22 2 (4)(5)(7) < 0. So, the qua-
dratic equation has no real roots. There are no excluded values.

Exercises for Example 1


Find the excluded values, if any, of the expression.
9x x 21
1. } 2. }
5x 2 15 x2 2 16
7 x16
3. } 4. }
2x2 2 5x 1 6 x2 1 4x 2 12

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 335
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
12.4 For use with pages 822–828

EXAMPLE 2 Simplify expressions by dividing out monomials


LESSON 12.4

Simplify the rational expression, if possible. State the excluded values.


2m 2pm
a. } 5 }} Divide out common factor.
8m(m 2 1) 2 p 4 p m p (m 2 1)
1
5} Simplify.
4(m 2 1)
The excluded values are 0 and 1.
11
b. The expression } is already in simplest form. The excluded
y16
value is 26.
7q2 2 14q 7 p q p (q 2 2)
c. } 5 }} Divide out common factors.
14q 3
7 p 2 p q p q2
q22
5} Simplify.
2q2
The excluded value is 0.

EXAMPLE 3 Simplify an expression by dividing out binomials


x 2 1 4x 2 21
Simplify }} 2
. State the excluded values.
x 2 5x 1 6

Solution
x2 1 4x 2 21 (x 1 7)(x 2 3)
} 5 }} Factor numerator and denominator.
2
x 2 5x 1 6 (x 2 2)(x 2 3)
(x 1 7)(x 2 3)
5 }} Divide out common factors.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


(x 2 2)(x 2 3)
x17
5}
x22
Simplify.

The excluded values are 2 and 3.

Exercises for Examples 2 and 3


Simplify the expression. State the excluded value(s).
3x3 28x
5. }5 6. }
15x 7x 2 21

3x2 5x 1 10
7. } 8. }
2
2x 1 6 3x 1 6x
x2 1 13x 1 42 4x2 1 20x 1 25
9. }}
2
10. }}
x 2 2x 2 63 2
4x 2 25

Algebra 1
336 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
12.1–12.4
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 791–828

LESSON 12.4
1. Multi-Step Problem The number N 5. Short Response The table shows
(in thousands) of people attending private the relationship between the density
colleges in the United States during the D (in kilograms per cubic meter) and
period 1995–2001 can be modeled by the volume V (in liters) of a substance
3176 2 124x in a rectangular prism container.
N5}
1 2 0.056x
Density D (kg/m3) Volume V (L)
where x is the number of years since 1995.
a. Rewrite the model so that it has only 1.4 10
whole number coefficients. Then 2 7
simplify the model.
b. Approximate the number of people 3.5 4
attending private colleges in 2000. 14 1
2. Multi-Step Problem The amount S
a. Explain why the density and the
(in millions of dollars) of federal budget
volume are inversely related. Then
outlays for Social Security and the amount
write an equation that relates the
O (in millions of dollars) of federal budget
density and the volume.
outlays in the United States during the
period 1994–2001 can be modeled by b. Suppose that only the height of the
container can be changed. Describe
S 5 15x 1 320 and O 5 55x 1 1455 how the density changes as the height
where x is the number of years since 1994. increases.
a. Write and simplify a rational model 6. Gridded Response A rectangular garden
for the percent p (in decimal form) of has an area of 6x 2 1 7x 2 20 and a width
federal budget outlays that were for of 2x 1 5. What is the length of the garden
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Social Security as a function of x. when x 5 5?


b. Make a table for the percent of federal
budget outlays that were for Social 7. Extended Response The number N
Security for the years 1994–2001. (in millions) of new trucks sold in the
c. Was the percent increasing or
United States during the period 1993–2002
decreasing from 1994–2001? can be modeled by
5.684 1 0.674x
3. Gridded Response You pay $75 for an N 5 }}
1 1 0.028x
annual membership to an aerobics club and where x is the number of years since 1993.
pay $2 per aerobics class. How much less
(in dollars) will the average cost per class be a. Rewrite the model so that it has only
if you go to 30 aerobics classes than if you whole number coefficients. Then
go to 10 aerobics classes? simplify the model and approximate
the number of new trucks sold
4. Open-Ended Write an equation whose in 2001.
graph is a hyperbola that has a vertical b. Graph the model. Describe how the
asymptote of x 5 2 and a horizontal number of new trucks sold changed
asymptote of y 5 21. during the period.
c. Can you use the model to conclude
that the revenue of new trucks sold
increased over time? Explain.
Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 337
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
12.4 For use with pages 822–828

6x 2 2 ax 2 5 2x 1 1
1. Find the value of a so that }} 5} .
9x 2 2 3ax 1 10 3x 2 2
LESSON 12.4

2
26x 1 (b 1 10)x 1 20 2x 1 4
2. Find the value of b so that }} 5} .
2
18x 2 bx 2 5 3x 2 1

x 3 2 5x 2 1 cx 2 5 x2 1 1
3. Find the value of c so that }}3 2 5} .
x 2 5x 2 cx 1 5 x2 2 1

x 4 1 x 3 1 dx 2 1 x 1 1 x2 1 x 1 1
4. Find the value of d so that }}}
4 3 2 5} .
x 2 5x 1 (d 1 1)x 2 5x 1 2 x 2 2 5x 1 2
x 3 1 2x 2 2 x 2 e x11
5. Find the value of e so that }} 5} .
x 3 2 3x 1 e x21
p(x) 2x 2 1
6. Find the expressions for p(x) and q(x) so that } 5 } and
q(x) 4x 2 1

p(x) 2 q(x) 5 22x 2 1 5x.


p(x) 2x 1 5
7. Find the expressions for p(x) and q(x) so that } 5 } and
q(x) x23

p(x) 1 q(x) 5 3x 2 1 5x 1 2.
p(x) x11
8. Find the expressions for p(x) and q(x) so that } 5 } and
q(x) x15

p(x) 2 q(x) 5 28x 1 4.


p(x) x2 2 1
9. Find the expressions for p(x) and q(x) so that } 5 } and
q(x) 2x 2 2 1

p(x) 1 q(x) 5 3x 4 1 x 2 2 2.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


p(x) 2x 1 3
10. Find the expressions for p(x) and q(x) so that } 5 } and
q(x) x21

p(x) 2 q(x) 5 3x 3 1 14x 2 1 9x 1 4.

Algebra 1
338 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
12.5 For use with pages 830–837

Match the equivalent expressions.


4x 2 5 4x 2 5 2x 10
1. } p } 2. } 4 } 3. } p }2
10 22x 10 22x 5 4x
1 24x 3
A. } B. } C. 2x
x 25

Find the product.


14x 2 9 7 3x 2 6x 2 10
4. } p } 5. } p } 6. } p }3
3 2x 9x 4 2 5 12x
x13
7. } p }
2x 2 3x 2 6 10x 4
8. } p }
x15
9. } p}
15x
4x 4x 1 12 5x 2 x22 6x 3 2x 1 10

10. }
x13
p}
x22 5x 1 5 x 2 1 5x 1 6
11. } p }
x 1 2 x 2 2 4x 1 3
12. } p }

LESSON 12.5
x 2 2 2x x 2 1 4x 1 3 x13 x11 x 2 3 x 2 1 6x 1 8

Find the quotient.


4x 2 8x 11 22 x14 x14
13. } 4 } 14. } 4 }2 15. } 4 }
5 15 6x 9x 5x 9x 2
2x 1 2 x11 8x 2 16 4x 2 8 x11 x 2 1 3x 1 2
16. } 4} 17. } 4 } 18. } 4 }
3x 2 4 5x 2 10x 14x 27x 2

19. Model Cars You want to create a display box that will hold 5x
your model cars. You want each section of the box to be 5 inches
by 3 inches and you want the box’s dimensions to be related
as shown. Write and simplify an expression that you can use
to determine the number of sections you can have in the 4x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

display box.
3 in.

5 in.

20. Total Cost The cost C (in dollars) of producing a product from 1995 to 2004
can be modeled by
10 1 3t
C5}
80 2 t
where t is the number of years since 1995. The number N (in hundreds of
thousands) of units made each year from 1995 to 2004 can be modeled by
160 2 2t
N5}
11 2 t
where t is the number of years since 1995.
a. Write a model that gives the total production cost T.
b. Approximate the total production cost in 2000.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 339
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
12.5 For use with pages 830–837

Find the product.


4x 2 5 24 14x 6 21 4x 1 24
1. } p }5 2. } p } 3. } p }
15 8x 7x 2 40 2x 1 12 15
5x 1 10 x23 x23 x14 x 2 1 4x 2 12 x 1 5
4. } p } 5. } p }} 6. }} p}
2x 2 6 10x 1 20 2x 1 8 x 2 1 2x 2 15 x 2 1 7x 1 10 2x 2 4
6x 2x 2 1 7x 1 3 x4 3x 2 6
7. } 2
p }} 18
8. } p (x 1 5) 9. }2
p (x 2 1 6x 1 5)
4x 2 1 x 1 5x 3
4 x 2x22

Find the quotient.


24 6
10. }3 4 }2
11x 4
11. } 4 }2
22
5x 25x 18 9x
7x 1 21 21x 1 63 4x 2 24 12x 2 72
LESSON 12.5

12. }4} 13. } 4 }


30 20 3x 1 15 x15

x12 x 2 1 11x 1 18 x 2 1 4x x 2 1 x 2 12
14. } 4 }} 15. } 4 }
3x 2 3 x21 4x x23
2x 1 10 4x 2 2x 2 14
16. }2
4} 2 17. }} 4 (x 1 3)
x 2 25 2x 2 10x x 2 2 4x 2 21

18. Wall Art You want to create a rectangular picture from 6x


2-inch by 3-inch tiles. You want the picture’s dimensions
to be related as shown.
a. Write and simplify an expression that you can use to 4x

determine the number of 2-inch by 3-inch tiles that 2 in.


will be needed for the picture.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


3 in.
b. If x 5 5, how many tiles will you need?

19. Profit The total profit P (in millions of dollars) earned by a company from 1995 to
2004 can be modeled by
3500 1 500t
P5}
98 2 t
where t is the number of years since 1995. The number N (in hundreds of thousands)
of units sold can be modeled by
(t 1 7)(3000 2 20t)
N 5 }}
490 2 5t
where t is the number of years since 1995. Write a model that gives the profit earned
per unit per year. Then approximate the profit per unit in 2002.

Algebra 1
340 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
12.5 For use with pages 830–837

Find the product.


8x 4x 2 1 2x 2 6 x2 2 x 2 2 14x 2
1. } 2
p }} 16
2. } p }
2x 1 x 2 3 18x 3 x2 1 x 2 6
2x 2 3 10x 2 1 20x x 2 1 8x 1 15 x 2 2 2x 2 8
3. } 2
p} 4. } p}
5x 1 10x 4x 1 12 x 2 1 7x 1 10 3x 2 1 9x
x6 4x 2 12
5. } p (x 2 1 7) 6. }2
p (2x 2 1 11x 2 40)
3
9x 1 63x x 1 5x 2 24

Find the quotient.


x 2 2 2x 2 48 x28 x 2 2 5x 2 36 x 2 2 8x 2 9
7. }} 4} 8. } 4 }
2
4x 1 24 8x 1 24 5x 2 1 16x x11
2x 2 2 9x 2 5 2x 2 1 7x 1 3 x 2 1 4x x 2 2 16

LESSON 12.5
9. } 4 }} 10. } 4 }
52x x13 5x 3 1 20x 2 10x 2 40

4x 4 2 20x 2 16x 2 2 112 3x 2 2 10x 2 8 6x 2 1 x 2 2


11. } 4 } 12. }} 4}
x17 x 2 2 49 2
5x 2 20x 30x 2 2 120x
x 2 1 2x 2 35 3x 2 1 21x x 3 2 x 2 1 4x 2 4 x 2 1 7x 2 8
13. }} 4} 14. }} 4 }
2
x 2 3x 2 10 9x 1 18 10x 3 5x 2 1 40x

Let a be a polynomial in the given equation. Find a.


a 2x 2 1 11x 1 5 4x 2 1 7x 2 15 x13
15. } p }} 5 2x 2 2 11x 2 6 16. }} 4 } 5 4x 2 2 33x 1 35
x15 x16 2x 1 1 a

17. Snow Tires The average amount C (in dollars) of money spent per snow tire and
the number N of snow tires bought by an auto body shop from 2000 to 2004, can
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

be modeled by
t 1 80 500(t 1 20)
C5}
1 2 0.05t
and N 5 }
t 1 80
where t is the number of years since 2000. Write a model that gives the total
amount A spent by the shop each year on snow tires. Then approximate the
amount spent in 2003.
18. Drive-in Movies The average monthly revenue R (in dollars) from admissions
at a drive-in theater and the average price p (in dollars) per car from 1988 to 2000
can be modeled by
13,124 1 3122t 294 1 7t
R 5 }}
26 2 t
and p5}
130 2 5t
where t is the number of years since 1988.
a. Write a model that gives the average number x of cars admitted per month
to the theater.
b. Graph the model on a graphing calculator and describe how the number of
cars admitted changed over time.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 341
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
12.5 For use with pages 830–837

GOAL Multiply and divide rational expressions.

EXAMPLE 1 Multiply rational expressions involving polynomials


x2 1 x 2 6 5x 2 1 15x
Find the product }} 2
p }}
2
.
10x 2 20x x 2 2x 2 15
2
x 1x26 } 5x2 1 15x
} p
10x2 2 20x x2 2 2x 2 15
(x2 1 x 2 6)(5x2 1 15x)
5 }}} Multiply numerators and denominators.
2 2(10x 2 20x)(x 2 2x 2 15)
(x 2 2)(x 1 3)5x(x 1 3)
5 }}} Factor and divide out common factors.
2 p 5x(x 2 2)(x 2 5)(x 1 3)
LESSON 12.5

x13
5} Simplify.
2(x 2 5)

EXAMPLE 2 Multiply a rational expression by a polynomial


2
4x
Find the product }}
3 2
p (x 1 8).
2x 1 10x 2 48x
2
4x
}}
3 2
p (x 1 8)
2x 1 10x 2 48x
4x2 x18
5 }}
3 2
p}
1
Rewrite polynomial as a fraction.
2x 1 10x 2 48x
4x2(x 1 8)
5 }}
3 2
Multiply numerators and denominators.
2x 1 10x 2 48x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


2x(2x)(x 1 8)
5 }} Factor and divide out common factors.
2x(x 1 8)(x 2 3)
2x
5}
x23
Simplify.

Exercises for Examples 1 and 2


Find the product.
x2 2 1 4x 2 2
1. }
2
p} 3x 1 18
2x 2 3x 1 1
9x
2. }}
2
p (x 1 5)
3x 1 9x 2 30

Algebra 1
342 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
12.5 For use with pages 830–837

EXAMPLE 3 Divide rational expressions involving polynomials


8x 2 1 24x x 2 1 7x 112
Find the quotient } 2
4 }}2
.
x 2 5x x 27x 110
2 2
8x 1 24x x 1 7x 1 12
}
2
4}
2
x 2 5x x 2 7x 1 10
8x2 1 24x x2 2 7x 1 10
5}
2
p }
2
Multiply by multiplicative inverse.
x 2 5x x 1 7x 1 12
(8x2 1 24x)(x2 2 7x 1 10)
5 }} Multiply numerators and denominators.
2 (x 2 5x)(x 1 7x 1 12)
2

8x(x 1 3)(x 2 2)(x 2 5)


5 }} Factor and divide out common factors.
x(x 2 5)(x 1 4)(x 1 3)

LESSON 12.5
8(x 2 2)
5}
x14
Simplify.

EXAMPLE 4 Divide a rational expression by a polynomial


2
5x 2 10x
Find the quotient } 2
4 (x 2 2).
4x 1 12
2
5x 2 10x
}
2
4 (x 2 2)
4x 1 12
5x2 2 10x x22
5}
2
4}
1
Rewrite polynomial as a fraction.
4x 1 12
5x2 2 10x 1
5}
2
p}
x22
Multiply by multiplicative inverse.
4x 1 12
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

5x2 2 10x
5 }} Multiply numerators and denominators.
2 (4x 1 12)(x 2 2)
5x(x 2 2)
5 }} Factor and divide out common factors.
2
4(x 1 3)(x 2 2)
5x
5} Simplify.
2
4(x 1 3)

Exercises for Examples 3 and 4


Find the quotient.
x2 1 3x 2 10 x2 2 8x 1 12
3. } 2
4} x21
3x 2 3x
2x4 2 6x3 2 56x2
4. }} 4 (x 2 7)
x3 2 5x2

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 343
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
12.5 For use with pages 830–837

Find the missing polynomial p(x) in the equation.


(x 1 1)(2x 1 3) (x 2 1)(3x 2 1)p(x)
1. }} p }} 5 8x 2 1 10x 2 3
(3x 2 1) (x 2 2 1)
(3x 2 5)(24x 1 3) (3x 2 5)(24x 1 3)
2. }} 4 }} 5 x2 1 1
p(x) (x 2 1 1)(x 1 2)
(27x 1 1)(22x 1 3) (4x 2 5)(2x 1 7)p(x)
3. }} p }} 5 22x 2 1 3x 2 1
(214x 2 47x 1 7)
2 (28x 2
1 22x 2 15)
(4x 1 5)(22x 1 3) (22x 1 3)
4. }} 4 } 5 24x 3 2 5x 2 1 12x 1 15
(3x 2 1)
2 (3x 2 2 1)p(x)
(x 2 1 1)(x 1 1) (x 2 1)(26x 1 7)p(x)
5. }} p }} 5 16x 3 2 3x 2 1 16x 2 3
(26x 1 7) (x 2 2 1)
LESSON 12.5

(5x 2 4)(26x 1 1) (4x 1 1)(26x 1 1)p(x)


6. }} 4 }} 5 5x 2 4
(4x 2 1) (16x 2 2 1)
(x 1 1)(x 1 2)(x 1 3) (x 2 3x 1 2)p(x)
2
7. }} p }} 5 x2 2 9
(x 2 1)(x 2 2)(x 2 3) (x 2 1 3x 1 2)
(28x 1 5)(23x 1 2) (23x 1 2)(2x 1 1)
8. }} 4 }} 5 216x 2 2 14x 1 15
(7x 1 1) (14x 2 1 9x 1 1)p(x)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
344 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Practice
12.5 For use with pages 838–839

Find the product.


5x4 9x5
} }
3 2x 24
1. }4 2. }2 3. }
10x 8x 23x
}3
3x

22x8
}
2x 2 3 3x4
4. } 5. } 5 6. }
2x 8x 3
2x
} }
4 4x

4x2
}
5 5 x2 2 9
7. } 8. } 9. }
22x 2
215x x23
}

FOCUS ON 12.5
}3 x13
x

x2 1 4x x3 1 3x2
4 } }
2
x 2 16 3x 2 9 x 2 3x
10. } 2 11. }2
12. } 2
x 14 x 2 16 x 29
}
2
x –4

4x2 2 x 3x 1 6 2x3 1 10x2


}
2 } }
x 29 2x 1 6 2x 1 2
13. } 14. }} 15. }
4x3 2 4x 2
3x 1 12x 1 12 x 1 4x2 2 5x
3
} }} }}
x13 x13 x27

1
}
1 2
16. Are the complex fractions } and } equivalent? Explain your answer.
2
}
3
3
a2 2 b2 a2 2 b2
} }
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

a2b a+b
17. Challenge Are the complex fractions } and } equivalent? Explain your
a+b a2b
answer.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 345
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery
12.5 For use with pages 838–839

GOAL Simplify complex fractions

Vocabulary
A complex fraction is a fraction that contains a fraction in its
numerator, denominator, or both. To simplify a complex fraction,
divide its numerator by its denominator.

Key Concept
Simplifying a Complex Fraction
Let a, b, c and d be polynomials where b Þ 0, c Þ 0, and d Þ 0.
FOCUS ON 12.5

a
}
b a c a d
Algebra }
c 5 } 4 } 5 } p }c
} b d b
d
x
}
2 x x x 3 3x 3
Example }
x 5 }2 4 }3 5 }2 p }x 5 }
2x
5 }2
}
3

EXAMPLE 1 Simplify a complex fraction

Simplify the complex fraction.


9x
}
4 9x
a. }3 5}
4
4 (23x3) Write the fraction as quotient.
23x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


9x 1
5}
4
• }3 Multiply by multiplicative inverse.
23x
9x
5 }3 Multiply numerators and denominators.
212x
3
5 2}2 Simplify.
4x

x2 2 4 x12
b. } 5 (x2 2 4) 4 } Write fraction as quotient.
x12
}
x22
x22

x22
5 (x2 2 4) 3 }
x12
Multiply by multiplicative inverse.
(x2 2 4) • (x 2 2)
5 }}
x12
Multiply numerators and denominators.
(x 1 2)(x 2 2)(x 2 2)
5 }}
x12
Factor and divide out common factor.
5 (x 2 2)2 Simplify.

Algebra 1
346 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

FOCUS ON
Review for Mastery continued
12.5 For use with pages 838–839

Exercises for Example 1


Simplify the complex fraction.
2 2x2
} }
9 3 5 3x3
1. } 2. } 3. } 4. }
4 6
}
4x 2
6x
5 }
7

EXAMPLE 2 Simplify a complex fraction


3x2 2 6x
}}
2
x 2 4x 1 4
Simplify }} .
x3 2 9x
}
x13

FOCUS ON 12.5
3x2 2 6x
}
2
x 2 4x 1 4 3x2 2 6x x3 2 9x
} 5}
2
÷}
x13
Write fraction as quotient.
x3 2 9x x 2 4x 1 4
}
x13

3x2 2 6x x13
5}
2
•}
3
Multiply by multiplicative inverse.
x 2 4x 1 4 x 2 9x

(3x2 2 6x)(x 1 3)
5 }}
2 3
Multiply numerators and denominators.
(x 2 4x 1 4)(x 2 9x)

3x(x 2 2)(x 1 3)
5 }}} Factor and divide out common factors.
(x 2 2)(x 2 2)x(x 1 3)(x 2 3)
3
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

5 }} Simplify.
(x 2 2)(x 2 3)

Exercises for Example 2


Simplify the complex fraction.
x2 1 4x 4x 1 24
}
2
}}
2
3x 2 75 2x 2 24x 1 72
5. } 6. }}
x2 2 16 x2 1 12x 1 36
} }}
x15 x26

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 347
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
12.6 For use with pages 840–847

Find the sum or difference.


1 2 4 6 8 7
1. } 1 } 2. } 1 } 3. }2 2 }2
4x 4x 5x 5x 3x 3x
20 6 x23 7 x 2 10 17
4. }3 2 }3 5. } 1 } 6. } 2 }
7x 7x 2x 2x 9x 9x
2x 1 1 6 x14 x x16 x22
7. } 1 } 8. } 2 }2 9. } 1 }
5x 5x 2x 2 2x x21 x21

Find the LCD of the rational expressions.


2 4 1 x11
10. }, } 11. }, }
5x 10x 12x 4x 3
3 1 5 3
12. }, } 13. }, }
x11 x x24 x
6x 5 9 8x
14. }, } 15. }, }
x12 x14 x23 x17

Find the sum or difference.


8x 1 7x 4
16. } 1 } 17. } 2 }
3 5x 2 8x
5 7 2 8
18. } 1 } 19. }2 2 }
4x 9x 3x 5x

4 3 4 5
20. } 1 } 21. } 1 }
x x14 x22 x17
LESSON 12.6

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


22. Cabin Cruiser A cabin cruiser travels 48 miles upstream (against the current) and
48 miles downstream (with the current). The speed of the current is 4 miles per hour.
a. Write an expression for the time it takes the cruiser going upstream and write an
expression for the time it takes the cruiser going downstream.
b. Use your answers from part (a) to write an equation that gives the total travel
time t (in hours) as a function of the boat’s average speed r (in miles per hour)
in still water.
c. Find the total travel time if the cabin cruiser’s average speed in still water is
12 miles per hour.
23. Driving You drive 40 miles to visit a friend. On the drive back home, your average
speed decreases by 4 miles per hour. Write an equation that gives the total driving
time t (in hours) as a function of your average speed r (in miles per hour) when
driving to visit your friend. Then find the total driving time if you drive to your
friend’s house at an average speed of 52 miles per hour. Round your answer to the
nearest tenth.

Algebra 1
348 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
12.6 For use with pages 840–847

Find the sum or difference.


8 x 10x 6x
1. } 1 } 2. } 2 }
x15 x15 x24 x24
x13 5x x25 x16
3. } 1 } 4. } 2 }
x29 x29 x12 x12

3x 2 4 7x 2 3 2x 1 4 x21
5. } 1 } 6. } 2}
2
x 29 x2 2 9 3x 2 3x 2

Find the LCD of the rational expressions.


6 7 10 9x
7. }3 , } 8. } , }
5x 15x x x17
3x 1 1 x 2 4 x15 4x
9. } , } 10. } , }
x24 x16 2x 2 4 x 2 2

1 8 3 4x
11. } , } 2
12. } ,}
2
x 2 5x x 2 3x 2 10 x 2 1 5x 1 4 x 2 1 2x 1 1

Find the sum or difference.


11 4 8 5 8x 3x
13. } 1 } 14. }3 2 } 15. }2}
2x 7x 3x 12x x25 x12
x 1 4 3 5 x13
16. } 1 } 17. } 2 }x 18. }2 1 }
6x 2 5 5x 2 3 x 2 2 7x x x21
x13 x12 2x x14 1 1
19. } 1 } 20. } 1} 21. } 2}
x21 x11 2
x 2 3x x23 2 2
x 1 5x 1 4 x 2 16

LESSON 12.6
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

22. Paddle Boat You paddle boat 8 miles upstream (against the current) and 8 miles
downstream (with the current). The speed of the current is 1 mile per hour.
a. Write an equation that gives the total travel time t (in hours) as a function of
your average speed r (in miles per hour) in still water.
b. Find your total travel time if your average speed in still water is 3 miles per hour.
c. How much faster is your total travel time if you increased your average speed in
still water to 3.5 miles per hour? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
23. Bike Ride You bike 50 miles from home. On your way back home, your average
speed increases by 3 miles per hour.
a. Write an equation that gives the total biking time t (in hours) as a function of
your average speed r (in miles per hour) when you are biking away from home
b. Find the total biking time if you bike away from your home at an average speed
of 15 miles per hour. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
c. How much longer is your total biking time if you bike away from your home at
an average speed of 12 miles per hour?

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 349
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
12.6 For use with pages 840–847

Find the sum or difference.


x29 2x 1 3 2x 2 4 x14
1. } 1 } 2. } 2 }
x13 x13 x25 x25
3x 6x 2 2 10x x14
3. } 2 } 4. } 1 }
2x 2 5 2x 2 5 x25 x12
x19 3x 6x 2 5 4x 1 3
5. } 2 } 6. } 2 }
x 1 10 x21 2x 2 3 x15
3x 2 5 x21 x16 x24
7. } 2 } 8. } 1}
x22 3x 2 5x 2 x12
x25 2x 4x x11
9. } 2 } 10. } 2}
8x x16 x2 2 1 x 2 1 8x 1 7
x22 x11 x16 x21
11. } 2} 12. }} 1}
x 2 2 6x 1 9 x 2 1 2x 2 15 x 2 2 4x 2 12 x 2 1 3x 1 2

Use the order of operations to write the expression as a single


rational expression.

1 2
x x25 4x 7
1
13. 4 } 2 5 }
x12 2
x11 1 2 14. 6 } 1 }
x23 x 2 1 5x 2 24
x22 4x 5 x13 2x 2 1 3x 1 1 x 2 1 3x 1 2
15. }} 1} p}
x11 x16
16. } 2 }} 4 }
x23
x 2 1 10x 1 24 x27 x2 2 9
c25
17. Suppose that a 5 4b 2 b 2 and b 5 }. Write a in terms of c.
3c 1 4
LESSON 12.6

18. Inline Skating You inline skate 10 miles from the beginning of a trail. On your way

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


back, your average speed decreases by 2.75 miles per hour.
a. Write an equation that gives the total skating time t (in hours) as a function of
your average speed r (in miles per hour) when you are skating away from the
beginning of the trail.
b. Find the total skating time if you skate away from the beginning of the trail at
an average speed of 10 miles per hour. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
c. How much faster is your total skating time if you skate away from the beginning
of the trail at an average speed of 10.75 miles per hour?
19. Advertisement Delivery You and your friend plan to spend 45 minutes delivering
pizza shop advertisements to houses in the shop’s delivery area. You can deliver all
of the advertisements on your own in two and a half hours.
a. Write an equation that gives the fraction y of advertisements that your friend can
deliver alone as a function of the time t (in minutes).
b. Suppose that your friend can deliver the advertisements alone in two hours and
fifteen minutes. Can you deliver all of the advertisements if you and your friend
work together for 45 minutes? Explain.

Algebra 1
350 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
12.6 For use with pages 840–847

GOAL Add and subtract rational expressions.

Vocabulary
The least common denominator (LCD) of two or more rational
expressions is the product of the factors of the denominators of the
rational expressions with each common factor used only once.

EXAMPLE 1 Add and subtract with the same denominator


Find the sum or difference.
2 8 10
a. }1}5}
5x 5x 5x
Add numerators.
5p2
5}5x
Factor and divide out
common factors.
2
5 }x Simplify.

11r 3r 2 5 11r 2 (3r 2 5)


b. } 2 } 5 }}
r27 r27 r27
Subtract numerators.
8r 1 5
5}
r27
Simplify.

Exercises for Example 1

LESSON 12.6
Find the sum or difference.
x13 x22 5x 1 7 2x 2 9
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1. }1} 2. }2}
7x 7x 3x 2 4 3x 2 4

EXAMPLE 2 Find the LCD of rational expressions


Find the LCD of the rational expression.
3x x12 1 7
a. }2
,}2
b. }, }
2x 2 1 4x 2 5
x 2 5x 1 6 x 2 7x 1 10
Solution
a. Find the least common multiple of b. Find the least common multiple of
x2 2 5x 1 6 and x2 2 7x 1 10. 2x 2 1 and 4x 2 5.
Because 2x 2 1 and 4x 2 5 cannot be
x2 2 5x 1 6 5 (x 2 2) p (x 2 3)
factored, they don’t have any factors in
x2 2 7x + 10 5 (x 2 2) p (x 2 5)
common. The LCD is their product,
The LCD of x2 2 5x 1 6 and (2x 2 1)(4x 2 5).
x2 2 7x 1 10 is (x 2 2)(x 2 3)(x 2 5).

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 351
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
12.6 For use with pages 840–847

Exercises for Example 2


Find the LCD of the rational expression.
3 x17 9
2x 8x 4x 1 1
3. }2 , } 4. }, } 5. }2 , }
5
10x 15x 3x 2 1 x 1 6 2
(x 1 5) x 1 8x 1 15

EXAMPLE 3 Add expressions with different denominators


11 15
Find the sum } 1 }5.
2
12x 16x

11 15 11 p 4x3 15 p 3
}2 1 }5 5 } 1} Rewrite fraction using LCD,
12x 16x2 3 5
12x p 4x 16x p 3
48x5.

44x3 45
5 }5 1 }5 Simplify numerator and
48x 48x
denominator.

44x3 1 45
5}5 Add fractions.
48x

EXAMPLE 4 Subtract expressions with different denominators


12 4x
Find the difference } 2} .
x12 x23
12(x 2 3) 4x(x 1 2)
LESSON 12.6

12 4x
} 2 } 5 }} 2 }}
x12 x23 (x 1 2)(x 2 3) (x 2 3)(x 1 2)
Rewrite fraction using LCD,
(x + 2)(x 2 3).

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


12(x 2 3) 2 4x(x 1 2)
5 }} Subtract fractions.
(x 1 2)(x 2 3)
24x2 1 4x 2 36
5 }} Simplify numerator.
(x 1 2)(x 2 3)

Exercises for Examples 3 and 4


Find the sum or difference.
7 12
6. }2 1 }3
18r 9r
x 3
7. }
2
1}
2
x 2 2x 2 15 x 29
t11 t22
8. } 2 }
t27 t13

Algebra 1
352 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Problem Solving Workshop:
12.6
Worked Out Example
For use with pages 840–847

PROBLEM Driving Beth drives 135 miles to another city. On the drive back home, her average
speed decreases by 9 miles per hour. Write an equation that gives the total driving
time t (in hours) as a function of her average speed r (in miles per hour) when driving
to the city. Then find the total driving time if she drives to the city at an average speed
of 45 miles per hour.

STEP 1 Read and Understand


What do you know?
The distance that Beth drives and the decrease of her average speed on the
way back.
What do you want to find out?
The total driving time.

STEP 2 Make a Plan Use what you know to write and solve an equation.
135 135
STEP 3 Solve the Problem An equation to represent the situation is t 5 }
r
1}
r29
135 135
where }
r is the time to drive to the other city and }
r29
is the time to drive
back home. Find the sum of the expressions.
135(r 2 9) 135r
t5}
r(r 2 9)
1}
r(r 2 9)
Rewrite fractions using the LCD, r(r 2 9).

270r 2 1215
5} Add fractions and simplify.

LESSON 12.6
r(r 2 9)
Calculate the value of t when r 5 45.
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

270(45) 2 1215 10,935


t 5 }}
45(45 2 9)
5}
1620
5 6.75 hours

The total travel time is 6.75 hours.


135
STEP 4 Look Back The time of the trip to the city is }
45
5 3 hours and the time of
135
the trip back home is }
45 2 9
5 3.75 hours. The total time of the trip is
6.75 hours.

PRACTICE 1. What If? Suppose in the example that 2. Boat Travel A boat travels 25 kilome-
on the drive back home, Beth’s average ters against the current and 25 kilome-
speed decreases by 15 miles per hour ters with the current. The speed of the
because of construction. Write an current is 5 kilometers per hour. Write
equation that gives the total driving an equation that gives the total travel
time t (in hours) as a function of her time t (in hours) as a function of the
average speed r (in miles per hour) boat’s average speed r (in kilometers
when driving to the city. Find the total per hour) in still water. The boat’s speed
travel time if her average driving speed in still water is 15 kilometers per hour.
to the city is 45 miles per hour. Find the total travel time.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 353
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
12.6 For use with pages 840–847

In Exercises 1–5, write w in terms of x.


x25
1. w 5 3u 1 3u 2 and u 5 }
3x 1 1

2u 2 1
2. w 5 } and u 5 x 2 1 1
u2 1 5

u11 x11
3. w 5 } and u 5 }
u12 x21

u2 1 1 x23
4. w 5 } and u 5 }
u2 2 1 x12

2x 1 1
5. w 5 u 2 2u 2, u 5 3 1 5v, and v 5 }
x21

In Exercises 6–10, use the following information.

Billy and Mark are painting a fence together. Working alone, it would take Billy 60 hours
to paint the fence. Working alone, it would take Mark x hours to paint the fence.
6. Let y represent the fraction of the fence that is painted after t hours by Billy and
Mark working together. Write y as a function of t and x.
7. If Mark working alone can paint the fence in 45 hours, then how long would it take
Billy and Mark working together to paint the fence?
8. If working together Billy and Mark can paint the fence in 30 hours, then how long
would it take Mark to paint the fence alone?
LESSON 12.6

9. If working together Billy and Mark can paint the fence in 20 hours, then how long

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


would it take Mark to paint the fence alone?
10. Suppose Tom, who paints as fast as Mark, also helps paint. If working together,
Billy, Mark, and Tom can paint the fence in 20 hours, then how long would it take
Mark to paint the fence alone?

Algebra 1
354 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice A
12.7 For use with pages 848–854

Identify the excluded values for the rational expressions in the equation.
5x x14 1 x12 1
1. } 5 0 2. } 5 } 3. } 5}
x26 x 1 10 x14 x2 2 9 x23

Solve the equation. Check your solution.


4 x x 32
4. } 5 } 5. } 5 }
x 9 2 x
5 4 10 12
6. } 5 } 7. } 5 }
x x23 x14 x
1 2 5 x
8. } 5 } 9. } 5 }
x15 x26 x12 3

Find the LCD of the rational expressions in the equation.


7 1 4 1 3 1
10. } 1 } 5 8 11. } 1 3 5 } 12. 7 2 } 5 }
x14 x x23 x x25 x12

Solve the equation. Check your solution.


1 4 1 1 6 1
13. } 1 } 5 } 14. } 2 } 5 }
3 x x 5 5x x
1 2x 2x 5
15. } 1 2 5 } 16. } 1 1 5 }
x24 x24 x25 x25
x 21 x 3
17. } 2 4 5 } 18. 3 1 } 5 }
x16 x16 x22 x22
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

19. Rain It has rained 3 of the last 8 days. How many consecutive days does it have to
rain in order for the percent of the number of rainy days to be raised to 75%?
20. Field Goal Average A field goal kicker has made 25 out of 40 attempted field goals
so far this season. How many consecutive field goals must he make to increase his
average to at least 0.680?
21. Paint Mixing You have a 4-pint mixture of paint that is made up of equal amounts
of blue paint and red paint. To create a certain shade of purple, you need a paint
mixture that is 60% blue.
a. Let p represent the number of pints of blue paint that you have to add. Write an
expression for the number of pints of blue paint that will be in the new mixture.
LESSON 12.7

Write an expression for the total number of pints of blue and red paint that will
be in the new mixture.
b. Use your expressions from part (a) to write an equation that represents a paint
mixture that is 60% blue.
c. How many pints of blue paint do you need to add?
d. How many total pints of paint are there in the new mixture?

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 355
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice B
12.7 For use with pages 848–854

Solve the equation. Check your solution.


x 3 3 2 4 2
1. } 5 }
x 2. } 5 } 3. } 5 }
27 x x14 x27 x
10 7 25 x 8 x
4. } 5 } 5. } 5 } 6. } 5 }
x12 x24 x14 x14 x18 x12
21 x 2 x13 6x 22
7. } 5 } 8. } 5 } 9. } 5 }
x12 x12 3x 2x 2 5 x12 x12

Find the LCD of the rational expressions in the equation.


7x x11 3 7x 7 4
10. } 1 4 5 } 11. } 1 4 5 } 12. } 1 1 5 }
x23 x23 2x 2 2 x21 x22 x23

Solve the equation. Check your solution.


3x 212 3 4 2x 10
13. } 2 2 5 } 14. } 1 5 5 } 15. } 1 2 5 }
x14 x14 x12 x12 x21 x12
x21 22 4x 9 x 5x 218
16. } 1 6 5 } 17. } 1 1 5 } 18. } 2 } 5 }
x15 x12 x25 x21 x24 x22 x22

19. Stain Mixing You are staining a coffee table you just made. After testing some
sample pieces of wood, you decide that you want a mix of a yellow stain and a red
stain. You estimate that you want a mix that contains 75% of the yellow stain. You
only have 1 pint that is made up of equal parts of the stain. How many pints of the
yellow stain do you have to add to the current mixture?
20. Wallpaper Working together, an expert wallpaper hanger and an assistant can

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


hang the wallpaper in a room in 3 hours. The assistant can hang the wallpaper in
one and one-half times the time it takes the expert wallpaper hanger to hang the
wallpaper alone. Let x represent the time (in hours) that the assistant can hang
the wallpaper alone.
a. Copy and complete the table.

Fraction of room Time Fraction of


Person
papered each hour (hours) room papered

1
Assistant }
x
3 ?
LESSON 12.7

Expert ? 3 ?

b. Explain why the sum of the expressions in the last column must be 1.
c. Write a rational equation that you can use to find the amount of time it takes
the assistant to wallpaper the room alone. Then solve the equation.

Algebra 1
356 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Practice C
12.7 For use with pages 848–854

Solve the equation. Check your solution.


14 2 x12 26 2 6
1. } 5 } 2. } 2 x 5 } 3. } 1 2 5 }
22x x x11 x11 x24 x24
10 4 3x 1 2 x 8 2
4. } 5 } 5. } 5 } 6. } 5 }
x12 x21 3x 2 5 x21 x24 x22
1 1 5 x 4x 2 3 7 4 3
7. } 1 } 5 } 8. } 1 1 5 } 9. } 2 } 5 }
x x11 4 x25 x24 x22 x12 2
x 24
2x 1 3 22 2 6 x 5 3 x13
10. } 1 3x 5 } 11. } 2 } 5 } 12. } 5 } 1 }
x12 x12 x13 2x 1 6 2 2x 2 2 x21 8
x21 1 3x 2 4 2 x12 2x 18
13. 1 2 }2 5 } 14. 2x 1 } 5 } 15. } 2 } 5 }
(x 1 1) x11 x22 x22 x24 x21 x 2 2 5x 1 4

24
16. Let a and b be real numbers. The solutions of the equation ax 1 b 5 } 2 1 are
x13
29 and 9. What are the values of a and b?
17. Paint Mixing You have a 6-pint mixture of paint that is made up of equal amounts
of red paint and yellow paint. To create a certain shade of orange, you need a paint
mixture that is 30% red. How many pints of yellow paint do you need to add to
the mixture?
18. Investing Mrs. Jackson invested a total of $4000 in two accounts earning simple
interest at annual rates of r% and (r 1 1)%. After 1 year, she earned $50 in interest
on the first account, and $180 in interest on the second account. How much did Mrs.
Jackson invest in each account?
19. Roofing Working together, an expert roofer and an assistant can complete the roof
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

on a certain building in 24 hours. The expert roofer can roof the building alone in
about three fifths of the time it takes the assistant to roof the building alone. Let x
represent the time (in hours) that the expert can roof the building alone.
a. Copy and complete the table.

Fraction of roof Time Fraction of


Person
completed each hour (hours) roof completed
1
Expert }
x
24 ?

Assistant ? 24 ?
LESSON 12.7

b. Explain why the sum of the expressions in the last column must be 1.
c. Write a rational equation that you can use to find the time that the expert can roof
the building alone. Then solve the equation.
d. How long does it take the assistant to roof the building alone?

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 357
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery
12.7 For use with pages 848–854

GOAL Solve rational equations.

Vocabulary
A rational equation is an equation that contains rational expressions.

EXAMPLE 1 Use the cross products property


6 x
Solve } 5 }. Check your solution.
6
x1 5

Solution
6 x
}5}
6
Write original equation.
x15
36 5 x2 1 5x Cross products property
0 5 x2 1 5x 2 36 Subtract 36 from each side.
0 5 (x 1 9)(x 2 4) Factor polynomial.
x1950 or x 2 4 5 0 Zero-product property
x 5 29 or x54 Solve for x.
The solutions are 29 and 4.
CHECK If x 5 29: If x 5 4:
6 29 6 4
}0} }0}
29 1 5 6 415 6
2 2
21.5 5 21.5 ✓ }5} ✓
3 3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


EXAMPLE 2 Multiply by the LCD
3x 5 5
Solve } 2} 5} .
x 15 2 x15
3x 5 5
}2}5}
x15 2 x15
Write original equation.

3x 5 5
} p 2(x 1 5) 2 } p 2(x 1 5) 5 } p 2(x 1 5) Multiply by LCD.
x15 2 x15
3x p 2(x 1 5) 5 p 2(x 1 5) 5 p 2(x 1 5)
LESSON 12.7

}2}5}
x15 2 x15
Multiply. Divide out common
factors.

6x 2 5x 2 25 5 10 Simplify.
x 2 25 5 10 Combine like terms.
x 5 35 Add 25 to each side.
The solution is 35.

Algebra 1
358 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Review for Mastery continued
12.7 For use with pages 848–854

EXAMPLE 3 Factor to find the LCD


4 16
Solve } 1 2 5 }} . Check your solution.
x24 2
x 1 x 2 20
Solution
Write each denominator in factored form. The LCD is (x 2 4)(x 1 5).

4 16
}125}
x24 2
x 1 x 2 20
4 16
} p (x 2 4)(x 1 5) 1 2 p (x 2 4)(x 1 5) 5 }} p (x 2 4)(x 1 5)
x24 (x 2 4)(x 1 5)
4(x 2 4)(x 1 5) 16(x 2 4)(x 1 5)
}} 1 2(x 2 4)(x 1 5) 5 }}
x24 (x 2 4)(x 1 5)
4(x 1 5) 1 2(x2 1 x 2 20) 5 16
2x2 1 6x 2 20 5 16
2x2 1 6x 2 36 5 0
2(x2 1 3x 2 18) 5 0
2(x 2 3)(x 1 6) 5 0
x 2 3 5 0 or x 1 6 5 0
x 5 3 or x 5 26
The solutions are 26 and 3.
CHECK If x 5 3: If x 5 26:
4 16 4 16
}120} } 1 2 0 }}
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

324 2
3 1 3 2 20 26 2 4 2
(26) 2 6 2 20
22 5 22 ✓ 1.6 5 1.6 ✓

Exercises for Examples 1, 2, and 3


Solve the equation. Check your solution.
212 x 2 14
1. } 5 }
x 4
6 x
2. }5}
x23 18
LESSON 12.7

x 1 27
3. }1}5}
x 1 10 5 x 1 10
x 4 11
4. }2} 5 }
x14 2 x22 x 1 2x 2 8

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 359
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSONS
Problem Solving Workshop:
12.5–12.7
Mixed Problem Solving
For use with pages 830–854

1. Multi-Step Problem You hike 6 miles 4. Multi-Step Problem The number M


on steep trails and 8 miles on flat trails. Your (in thousands) of males and the number F
average speed on steep trails is 2 miles per (in thousands) of females participating in
hour slower than your average speed on high school athletic programs during the
flat trails. period 1996–2003 can be modeled by
a. Write an equation that gives the total 3634 1 332x 2369 1 355x
M5}
1 1 0.07x
and F 5 }
1 1 0.1x
time t (in hours) of the hike as a
function of your average speed x where x is the number of years since 1996.
(in miles per hour) on flat trails.
a. Write a model that gives the total
b. Your average speed on flat trails is number S of high school students who
4 miles per hour. Find the total time of participated in high school athletic
the hike. programs as a function of x.
2. Short Response Baseball player Roberto b. Approximate the total number of high
Clemente’s career number B of times at school students who participated in
bat and career number H of hits during the high school athletic programs in 2001.
period 1955–1972 can be modeled by 5. Gridded Response After 25 times at bat,
355 1 555x 67 1 168x a major league baseball player has a batting
B5} and H 5 }
1 1 0.001x 1 2 0.003x average of 0.160. How many consecutive
where x is the number of years since 1955. hits must the player get to raise his batting
average to 0.300?
a. A baseball player’s batting average
is the number of hits divided by the 6. Extended Response The amount A
number of times at bat. Write a model (in millions of dollars) of passenger fares
that gives Roberto Clemente’s career by all commuter rails and the number P
batting average A as a function of x. (in millions) of passengers who traveled by

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


b. The table shows Clemente’s actual commuter rails in the United States during
career number of times at bat and the period 1997–2002 can be modeled by
actual career number of hits for three 1175.8 1 213.3x
different years. For which year does A 5 }}
1 1 0.107x
and
the model give the best approximation P 5 356.2 1 28.1x 2 3.2x 2
of A? Explain your choice.
where x is the number of years since 1997.
Year 1955 1964 1972 a. Write a model that gives the average
Career cost C (in dollars) per passenger as a
474 5321 9454 function of x.
times at bat
LESSON 12.7

b. Approximate the average cost in 2000.


Career hits 121 1633 3000
c. Graph the equation in part (a) on a
graphing calculator. Describe how
3. Open-Ended Describe a real-world
the average cost changed during the
situation that can be modeled by a rational
period. Can you use the graph to
equation and can be solved using the cross
describe how the amount of
products property. Explain what the solution
passenger fares changed during the
means in this situation.
period? Explain your answer.

Algebra 1
360 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

LESSON
Challenge Practice
12.7 For use with pages 848–854

In Exercises 1– 5, let a and b be real numbers. Find the values of a and b


that satisfy the equation.
216
1. The solutions to the equation ax 1 b 5 } 1 7 are x 5 22 and x 5 2.
x16
1 215
2. The solutions to the equation } x 2 2 5 } 1 1 are x 5 26 and x 5 6.
3 ax 1 b
2a 5 5
3. The solutions to the equation 2x 1 3 5 } 2 b are x 5 2} and x 5 }.
2x 2 7 2 2
240 3 3
4. The solutions to the equation ax 1 b 5 } 2 44 are x 5 2} and x 5 }.
x21 7 7
2a 5 5
5. The solutions to the equation 32x 1 1 5 } 2 b are x 5 2} and x 5 }.
2x 2 3 8 8

In Exercises 6 –9, use the following information.

The octane rating of a gasoline, which is a measure of the gasoline’s tendency to cause
“engine knock” is regulated by many states in the United States. Typically a refinery will
manufacture gasoline in two octane ratings, 87 and 93, and then mix these two octane
levels to make a variety of grades. For example, the mixing of one gallon of 87 octane
gasoline with one gallon of 93 octane gasoline, results in two gallons of 90 octane
gasoline. Suppose a refinery has 100,000 barrels of 87 octane gasoline available and
50,000 barrels of 93 octane gasoline available.
6. If an order comes in for 60,000 barrels of 91 octane gasoline, can the refinery fill
this order? If so, how many barrels of each octane must they mix?
7. If an order comes in for 90,000 barrels of 89 octane gasoline, can the refinery fill
this order? If so, how many barrels of each octane must they mix?
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

8. If an order comes in for 160,000 barrels of 89 octane gasoline, can the refinery fill
this order? If so, how many barrels of each octane must they mix?
9. If an order comes in for 20,000 barrels of 88 octane gasoline and 40,000 barrels of
91 octane gasoline, can the refinery fill this order? If so, how many barrels of each
octane must they mix?
LESSON 12.7

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book 361
Name ——————————————————————— Date ————————————

CHAPTER
Chapter Review Game
12 For use after Chapter 12

Mathematics Terminology
Solve the following exercises. Find the answer at the right of the page.
Place the letter associated with the correct answer on the line with the
exercise number to answer the following question.
a
What is the correct term for the division bar symbol in the expression }?
b
Exercises Answers
4
1. What is the horizontal asymptote of y 5 } 1 2? (U) x 5 9 (S) x 5 2
x25
x13
2. Divide: (12x 2 1 7x 2 10) 4 (3x 2 2) (T) 4x 2 5 (N) }
2x 1 1
x2 2 9
3. Simplify: } (V) y 5 2 (I) 4x 1 5
2x 2 2 5x 2 3
2x 2 1 14x x 2 1 3x 2 4 x(x 1 4)
4. Multiply: } p} 4x 1 28
(E) x 5 5 (C) }
2
x 2 3x 1 2 2(x 2 2)
3x 2 1 12x x 2 1 10x 1 24
5. Divide: }} 4 }} (M) x 5 0 or x 5 2
2
3x 1 14x 2 5 3x 2 1
x21 x15 3x(x 1 4)2(x 1 6)
6. Subtract: }} 2} (K) }}
2
x 1 10x 1 21 x 2 1 3x 2
(x 1 5)(3x 2 1)
x11 x23 3x
7. Solve: } 5 } (U) }}
x24 x26 (x 1 5)(x 1 6)
1 3 213x 2 35
8. Solve: } 1 } 5 2 (L) }}
x21 x11 x(x 1 3)(x 1 7)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CHAPTER REVIEW GAME

Algebra 1
362 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Answers
Lesson 7.1 13. (1, 3) 14. (24, 4)
y y
Practice Level A
3 6
1. yes 2. no 3. yes 4. no 5. no 6. yes
1 2

ANSWERS
7. B 8. A 9. C 10. F 11. E 12. D
23 21 1 3 x 26 2 x
13. (2, 21) 14. (3, 4) 15. (21, 21)
26
16. (4, 2) 17. (2, 23)
y y
15. (2, 25) 16. (23, 0)
5 1
y y
1
21 1 3 5 x
3 21 15
25 23 21 1 x
21
1 23
x
23
21 1 3 5
21 3
25
215 29 3 x
18. (23, 0) 19. (3, 3)
y y
9 17. (25, 3) 18. (22, 24)
y y
3 35
3 1
29 23 3 9 x
29 3 9 x 23 21 1 x
23 21
29
29

20. (21, 4) 21. (3, 22) 25


215 5 x
y y
19. (23, 6) 20. (4, 25)
6 y y

2 9
1
26 22 2 6 x 22 6 10 x
22 22
23 21 1 x
21
29 23 9 x
26 26

29
22. between 1995 and 1996; about 1175 thousand
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

people 21. (2, 7)


23. y y
16 21
Bottles of orange juice

14 x 1 y 5 15
12 15
10 1.5x 1 2y 5 26
8 9
6
4 3
2
29 23 9 x
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 x
Bottles of apple juice 22. y
Non-blooming annuals

35
3.2x 1 1.5y 5 49.6
8 bottles of apple juice and 7 bottles of orange 30
25
juice 20
15
Practice Level B 10
x 1 y 5 24
5
1. no 2. yes 3. yes 4. no 5. no 6. yes
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 x
7. (3, 25) 8. (21, 4) 9. (22, 2) 10. (4, 22) Blooming annuals

11. (25, 3) 12. (0, 4) 8 blooming annuals and 16 non-blooming annuals

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book A1
Lesson 7.1, continued

23. a. x 1 y 5 27 and 0.25x 1 y 5 12 15. (4, 4)


b. y 6
y
Outs made by outfielders

32
28
x 1 y 5 27 2
24
22
ANSWERS

20 6 10 x
22
16 0.25x 1 y 5 12
12
8
4
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 x
16. Sample answer: m 5 1, b 5 24
Outs made by infielders
17. 7
y
c. infielders: 20 outs; outfielders: 7 outs
5 (1, 5)
Practice Level C
1. no 2. yes 3. no 4. yes 5. no 6. yes 3
(22, 2)
7. (6, 1) 8. (28, 4)
y y 23 21 1 x
12 21
3 (4, 21)

1 4
18. 5.5%: $20,000; 6.5%: $25,000
1 3 5 7x 212 4 x
21 24 19. y

Number of umbrellas
35
30 y 5 2t 1 15
25
20
15
9. (5, 25) 10. (23, 5) 10 y 5 22t 1 25
y y 5
1 3 5 x 0
21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t
Years since 2000
23 6
mid-2002
25
20. 20% off;
210 22 2 x
22 y
200
y 5 x 2 25
Amount you pay

11. (2, 2) 12. (21, 7) 150

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


(dollars)

y y
21 y 5 x 2 0.2x
100
3 (125, 100)
15 50
1
x
1 3 5 0
21 0 50 100 150 200 x
Amount of purchase
(dollars)
23
29 23 3 x
For purchases greater than $125, 20% off is the
13. (5, 6) 14. (29, 2) better deal.
y y
10
Review for Mastery
5 6 1. (21, 1) 2. (2, 4) 3. (24, 22) 4. 60 mi
3 2
x Problem Solving Workshop:
210 26 22 2 Worked Out Example
1 22

21 1 3 5 x 1. 10 square feet 2. 115 student tickets,


98 general admission tickets 3. 124 student
tickets, 117 general admission tickets 4. 4
Challenge Practice
1. yes 2. yes 3. no 4. Yes, if a2 1 b2 Þ 0.

Algebra 1
A2 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Lesson 7.1, continued

5. Bayside: y 5 500t 1 100,000; Coal Flats: Practice Level C


y 522000t 1 105,000 1. Equation 1. 2. Equation 2.
6. 1992 3. Equation 2. 4. (6, 10) 5. (28, 24)
y
6. (3, 7) 7. (29, 5) 8. (2, 10) 9. (212, 8)
Number of households

ANSWERS
110,000
105,000
10. (27, 6) 11. (8, 1) 12. (23, 23)
100,000
3 3 1 2 1
95,000
90,000 1 2 1
13. 1, } 14. 2}, } 15. 2}, }
4 2 2 2
3 3 1 2
85,000
0 16. a 5 25, b 5 22 17. cleanups: 250 hr;
0 2 4 6 8 10 t
Years since 1990
painting: 150 hr 18. x 5 16, y 5 4 19. yes;
The linear system x 1 y 5 8 and x 1 0.5y 5 6.4
7. Hockey: y 5 1200t 1 20,000; Soccer: where x is the amount of soil and y is the amount
y 5 2000t; Baseball: y 5 21000t 1 90,000 of the half and half mix has a solution of x 5 4.8
8. 1975 9. 1980 and y 5 3.2. So 3.2 buckets are needed and there
y y are 4 buckets.
120,000 120,000
100,000 100,000
Review for Mastery
Spectators

Spectators

80,000 80,000
60,000 60,000 1. (2, 24) 2. (23, 6) 3. (6, 2) 4. (3, 8)
40,000 40,000
20,000 20,000 5. (27, 6) 6. (4, 2)
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 t 0 10 20 30 40 50 t
Years since 1950 Years since 1950
Challenge Practice

Î
}
Î2
}
3 15
Lesson 7.2 2 1
1. (2, 3) 2. }, 2}
16 2 123 5
3. 2 } , 2 } ,
6 6

1 Î 23 Î 5 2 1 Î 236 , 2Î 56 2, 1 Î 236 , Î 56 2
} } } } } }

Practice Level A 2 }
6
, }6 , } } } }
1. y 5 7 2 9x 2. y 5 3x 2 10 3. x 5 4y 1 1 } }
4. (214, 2Ï10 ), (214, Ï10 )
4. x 5 3 2 2y 5. y 5 x 2 4 6. x 5 6y 1 14
7. Equation 1. 8. Equation 2. Lesson 7.3
9. Equation 1. 10. Equation 1.
Practice Level A
11. Equation 2. 12. Equation 1.
1. 3x 2 y 5 23 and 8x 1 y 5 11
13. (1, 0) 14. (2, 23) 15. (21, 2) 16. (3, 22)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

2. 8x 2 y 5 1 and 8x 1 3y 5 7
17. (4, 1) 18. (2, 2) 19. (6, 5) 20. (1, 5) 3. 7x 2 4y 5 8 and 7x 1 4y 5 9
21. (23, 21) 22. (21, 4) 23. (3, 3) 4. 7x 2 y 5 13 and 214x 1 y 5 23
24. (5, 22) 25. brother: 6 hr; sister: 5 hr 5. x 2 3y 5 14 and x 1 10y 5 23
26. a. x 5 2y b. 3x 1 4.5y 5 252 6. 8x 2 4y 5 21 and 214x 1 4y 5 23
c. popcorn: 48 boxes; nuts: 24 cans
7. Add the equations. 8. Arrange the terms.
Practice Level B 9. Subtract the equations. 10. Arrange the
3 terms. 11. Add the equations. 12. Arrange the
1. y 5 22x 1 3 2. y 5 } x 2 3
4 terms.
2 4
3. x 5 y 1
} } 4. Equation 1. 4
3 3 13. (1, 1) 14. (215, 6) 15. 22, }
3 1 2
5. Equation 2. 6. Equation 2.
16. (6, 25) 17. (3, 2) 18. (24, 1) 19. (2, 1)
7. (2, 1) 8. (23, 4) 9. (4, 21) 10. (25, 5)
20. (23, 4) 21. (21, 5) 22. (6, 0) 23. (8, 5)
11. (3, 22) 12. (24, 22) 13. (6, 23) 14. (7, 4)
19 1
15. (3, 8) 16. (1, 1) 17. (4, 24) 18. (1, 2) 1
24. 2}, 2}
3 2 2 25. Your speed with no wind:
19. 4 pairs of sticks and 2 pairs of brushes
5.5 mi/h; Wind speed: 2.5 mi/h 26. Car wash:
20. a. x 1 y 5 12; 225x 1 200y 5 2600 $6; One gallon of regular gasoline: $2.10
b. households mowed: 8; households shoveled: 4
21. length of hole: 16 cm; length of sheet: 17 cm

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book A3
Lesson 7.3, continued

Practice Level B Challenge Practice


1. 8x 2 y 5 19 and 3x 1 y 5 7
1 4 1
24
1. 2}, } 2. 1 2}, 2
11 2 15 2
2. 4x 2 y 5 211 and 4x 1 6y 5 23
3} 3}
11 1
2
} }
3. 9x 2 2y 5 5 and 11x 1 2y 5 8 4. Arrange 3. (Ï 7 , Ï 23 ), (2Ï 7 , Ï 23 ) 4. }, }
a 2b
ANSWERS

the terms. 5. Arrange the terms. 6. Arrange the


terms. 7. Add the equations. 8. Arrange the 1
37 23
5. }, }
6a 6b 2 1 13b 5b
6. 2}, 2}
3a 3 2
terms. 9. Subtract the equations. 10. (3, 5)
11. (22, 4) 12. (7, 23) 13. (26, 2)
Lesson 7.4
14. (10, 5) 15. (29, 25) 16. (3, 11) Practice Level A
17. (10, 9) 18. (15, 8) 19. (21, 21) 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. Sample answer: Multiply
the first equation by 7. 5. Sample answer:
1
37
20. (24, 3) 21. 8, }
3 2 22. Speed of barge in Multiply the first equation by 2. 6. Sample
still water: 5.9 mi/h; Speed of current: 2.1 mi/h answer: Multiply the second equation by 6.
23. a. Flat fee: $15; Hourly fee: $12 b. $147 7. Sample answer: Multiply the first equation
by 22. 8. Sample answer: Multiply the second
Practice Level C equation by 3. 9. Sample answer: Multiply the
1. (24, 5) 2. (8, 6) 3. (210, 3) 4. (26, 25) 1
second equation by }2 . 10. (1, 2) 11. (23, 4)
5. (9, 14) 6. (21, 7) 7. (18, 18) 8. (26, 24)
12. (5, 5) 13. (6, 23) 14. (22, 22)
9. (15, 20) 10. (3, 5) 11. (28, 24)
15. (8, 10) 16. (25, 7) 17. (8, 21) 18. (4, 4)
12. (11, 12) 13. (23, 8) 14. (9, 16)
19. (10, 12) 20. (22, 24) 21. (1, 5)
12
15. (28, 27) 16. 5, }
b 1 2 17. (1, 2, 1); 22. a. Adult: $9; Youth: $5 b. $43
Answers will vary. 18. a. 5x 1 30y 5 207.5 and 23. a. y 5 30 1 45x and y 5 45 1 40x
5x 1 50y 5 212.5; Let x be the cost of one day of b. x 5 3, y 5 165 c. 3 h
rental and let y be the cost per mile over Practice Level B
150 miles. Because a person is only charged for
1. Sample answer: Multiply the first equation
miles over 150, subtract the number of miles
by 2. 2. Sample answer: Multiply the second
traveled from 150 to get the number of miles a
equation by 23. 3. Sample answer: Multiply
person is charged for. b. Daily rental fee: $40;

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


the first equation by 23. 4. Sample answer:
Per mile fee: $.25 19. $24.72; Use the table
Multiply the second equation by 22. 5. Sample
to set up a linear system to find the cost of one
answer: Multiply the first equation by 25.
stamp and one package of cards. Then use this
information to find the total cost of 3 stamps and 6. Sample answer: Multiply the first equation
3 packages of cards. by 2. 7. (4, 21) 8. (3, 6) 9. (22, 25)
10. (26, 7) 11. (9, 5) 12. (2, 22) 13. (10, 8)
Review for Mastery
14. (21, 12) 15. (5, 4) 16. (25, 23)
1. (4, 2) 2. (23, 4) 3. (21, 22) 4. (6, 5)
17. (15, 24) 18. (8, 8) 19. a. 2x 1 4y 5 28
5. (2, 26) 6. (3, 3)
and 4x 1 5y 5 45.5 b. Adult: $7; Youth: $3.50
Problem Solving Workshop: c. $31.50 20. a. 3x 1 2y 5 557 and
Using Alternative Methods 5x 1 4y 5 974 b. Hotel: $140/night;
1. speed of Calvin in still air: 7.95 miles per hour, Tickets: $68.50/pair 21. x 1 y 5 15 and
speed of wind: 0.45 miles per hour 2. speed of 180x 1 155y 5 2400; $180/day: 3 workers;
Calvin in still air: 7.2 miles per hour, speed of $155/day: 12 workers
wind: 1.2 miles per hour 3. speed of boat in still Practice Level C
water: 25 miles per hour, speed of current: 5 miles
1. (4, 8) 2. (23, 21) 3. (5, 29)
per hour
4. (210, 10) 5. (22, 25) 6. (6, 7)
7. (0, 3) 8. (8, 14) 9. (6, 4) 10. (1, 9)

Algebra 1
A4 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Lesson 7.4, continued

11. (2, 7) 12. (23, 23) 13. (2, 21) 14. (4, 3) 4. x 1 20y 5 43
1 1
1
15. (25, 22) 16. (6, 1) 17. 2}, }
2 4 2 x 1 30y 5 63
5. 3 mi 6. 2 mi
18. (24, 4) 19. a 5 2, b 5 1
20. a. 2x 1 4y 5 166 and 4x 1 5y 5 263

ANSWERS
Lesson 7.5
b. Adult: $37; Youth: $23 c. $189
Practice Level A
21. Thai: 5 people; Szechwan: 3 people
1. 3 2. 22 3. 3 4. A; infinitely many
22. To school: 2.72 mi/h; Home: 2.04 mi/h
solutions 5. C; one solution 6. B; no solution
Review for Mastery 7. no solution 8. one solution
1. (3, 25) 2. (6, 24) 3. (7, 2) 4. (2, 3) y y
3
5. (9, 21) 6. (5, 6) 3
1
Problem Solving Workshop: 21 1 3 x
1
21
Mixed Problem Solving 23 21
21
1 3 x

1. a. x 5 student tickets, y 5 general admission


23
tickets; x 1 y 5 556, 5x 1 8y 5 3797 b. 217
student tickets, 339 general admission tickets. 9. infinitely many solutions
y
2. a. 6 miles per hour into the wind, 10 miles per
hour with the wind b. x 5 speed of bicyclist, 3

y 5 speed of wind; x 2 y 5 6, x 1 y 5 10 1
c. The bicyclist’s speed in still air is 8 miles per 23 21 1 3 x
21
hour. The speed of the wind is 2 miles per hour.
23
3. a. x 5 amount in the 3% annual interest ac-
count, y 5 amount in the 4% annual interest 10. one solution 11. one solution
account; x 1 y 5 30,000, 0.03x 1 0.04y 5 1020 y y
b. $18,000 at 3%, $12,000 at 4% 4. 11 3
3
5. Answer will vary. 6. By solving the linear 1
1
system, 1 pound of chicken costs $2.25 and 23 1 3 x
23 21 3 x
1 pound of fish costs $3.75. So, 2 pounds of 21
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

chicken and 2 pounds of fish costs $12. 23


7. Answer will vary. Sample answer: m 5 2,
b 5 25 8. 5 9. a. x 5 amount of 20% acid 12. no solution
y
solution, y 5 amount of 70% solution;
x 1 y 5 900, 0.2x 1 0.7y 5 360 3

b. 540 milliliters of 20% acid solution,


360 milliliters of 70% acid solution 21 3 x
c. No; The chemist needs 450 milliliters of both
acid solutions. 23

Challenge Practice 13. no solution 14. no solution 15. (0, 0)


1. x 1 2y 5 5 16. (21, 21) 17. no solution 18. infinitely
3x 1 3y 5 8 many solutions 19. one solution 20. one
1 7 1 solution 21. infinitely many solutions 22. one
13 3 2
2. }, } ; it takes Terry } hour to mow a small
3 solution 23. no solution 24. one solution
7
lawn and }3 hours to mow a large lawn. 25. one solution 26. one solution 27. one
solution 28. Yes; the system 15x 1 8y 5 263.25
3. 13 small lawns and 20x 1 13y 5 358 can be used to model the
situation, and this system has one solution.

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book A5
Lesson 7.5, continued

29. a. 45x 1 10y 5 425 and 225x 1 50y 5 2125 Practice Level C
b. infinitely many solutions c. No, because one 1. C; infinitely many solutions
equation in the system is a multiple of the other, 2. B; one solution 3. A; no solution
so specific values for neither x nor y can be found.
4. one solution 5. one solution
ANSWERS

Practice Level B y y

1. C; infinitely many solutions 2. A; no solution 6

3. B; one solution 2 3

4. no solution 5. one solution 22


22
6 10 x
1
y y
3 21 1 x
26 21
3
1
6. infinitely many solutions
21 1 5 x
21 y
23 1 3 x

23 3

6. one solution 7. one solution 23 21


21
1 3 x

y y
23
3

1 1 7. no solution 8. one solution


y y
23 21 1 3 x 21 3 5 x
21
2 3
23 22 2 x
22 1

8. no solution 9. infinitely many 23


21
1 3 x

y solutions
210 23
y
1

23 21 1 3 x 9. no solution
21
3 y
23
1 3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


21 1 3 5 x

23 1 3 x

10. (8, 0) 11. infinitely many solutions


23
12. (20, 30) 13. (21, 21) 14. (3, 4) 15. no
solution 16. no solution 17. no solution 10. (212, 28) 11. infinitely many solutions
18. one solution 19. one solution 20. one 5 1 4 8
solution 21. one solution 22. infinitely many
1 2
12. 6, } 13. no solution 14. 1, } 15. }, }
4 2 1
3 3 2 1 2
solutions 23. no solution 24. infinitely many 16. one solution 17. no solution
solutions 25. Yes; the system 2x 1 12y 5 1859.3 18. one solution 19. infinitely many solutions
and 2x 1 22y 5 3158.8 can be used to model the 20. one solution 21. no solution
situation, and this system has one solution, (about 22. one solution 23. one solution 24. infinitely
$153, about $130). many solutions 25. a. 28x 1 44y 5 964.4 and
26. a. 30x 1 20y 5 910 and 45x 1 30y 5 1365 21x 1 33y 5 723.30 b. infinitely many solutions
b. infinitely many solutions c. No, because one c. No, because one equation in the system is a
equation in the system is a multiple of the other, multiple of the other, no specific values for
no specific values for x or y can be found. x or y can be found. 26. y 5 10x and
y 5 8(x 2 10) b. x 5 240, y 5 2400
c. No, because x and y both represent quantities
that are never negative.

Algebra 1
A6 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Lesson 7.5, continued

Review for Mastery 19. a. x 1 y ≤ 10 and 15x 1 18y ≤ 90


1. infinitely many solutions 2. no solution b. y c. Answers will
9
3. infinitely many solutions 4. one solution 8
vary.

Boxes of 8-ounce cups


7
5. one solution 6

ANSWERS
5
Challenge Practice 4
3
1 2
1. a 5 } 2. No value of a gives infinitely many
2 1
1 0
solutions. 3. a Þ }2 4. The number of solutions 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
Boxes of 5-ounce cups

depends only on the value of c. 5. When c 5 4


20. a. 6 h
there are an infinite number of solutions. When
c Þ 4 there are no solutions. b. y

Hours spent on history


6
x1y<6
5
c1b2 2 c2b1 a1c2 2 a2c1
4
6. x 5 }; y 5 } x1y>4
a1b2 2 a2b1 a1b2 2 a2b1 3
b2 2
1
7. a1b2 Þ a2b1 8. a1b2 5 a2b1 and c2 Þ }c1
b1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
b2 Hours spent on science
9. a1b2 5 a2b1 and c2 5 }c1
b1
Practice Level B
Lesson 7.6
1. yes 2. yes 3. no 4. B 5. A 6. C
Practice Level A 7. y
8. y
3
1. yes 2. no 3. yes 4. no 5. yes 6. yes
1 1
7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. F 12. E
23 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21
13. y 14. 3
y

3 23 23
1
1 y y
23 21
21
1 3 x 9. 3
10.
23 1 3 x 3

1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

23 21 1 3 x
21 1 3 x
y y 21
15. 3
16. 3 23

1 1
11. y 12. 1
y
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21 3
23 21 1 3 x
21
23 23 1
23
25 23 21 x
21
y y
17. 18.
3
13. y ≥ 24 and y < 1 14. x ≥ 24 and y < 23
1 1 15. y ≥ x 1 1 and x ≤ 0 16. y ≤ 4 2 x and y > 2
23 21 1 3 x 23 21
21
1 3 x 17. y ≤ x and y < 1 2 x
18. x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, and y ≤ x 1 2
23 23

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book A7
Lesson 7.6, continued

19. a. x 1 y ≥ 5 and 1.9x 1 5.2y ≤ 20 19. a. x 1 y ≤ 525 and 8x 1 5y ≥ 3000


b. c. Answers will vary. b.
Packages of hamburgers

y y
6 600

Student tickets
5 1.9x 1 5.2y < 20 500
4 400
3 300
ANSWERS

2 200
1 100
x1y>5
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 0 200 400 600 x
Packages of hot dogs Adult tickets

20. a. 5.5 h c. Yes. If there are twice as many student


b. y c. Answers will vary. tickets sold, then 175 adult tickets are sold and
6
x 1 y < 5.5
350 student tickets are sold, which is a solution
Hours weeding

5
4
of the system.
3 x1y>4 20. a. x 1 y 5 15 and y ≥ 2x, where x is the
2
1 number of hours you run and y is the number of
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x hours you swim.
Hours cleaning
b. y
14
Practice Level C 12

Swimming
10
1. no 2. no 3. yes 4. C 5. A 6. B 8
y y 6
7. 8. 3 4
2
3 1 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
23 21 1 3 x Running
1

23 21 1 x c. The solution of the system is the portion of the


21 23
graph x 1 y 5 15 for which 0 ≤ x ≤ 5. This means
9. y 10. y that if you run for no more than 5 hours, you can
3
3
spend the remaining time swimming.

1
23 21 1 3 x
21
21 1 3 x Review for Mastery
21
1. y 2. y

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


3 3
11. 20
y 12. 3
y
1

12 1 23 21 1 3 x 27 25 21 1 x
21 21
23 21 1 3 x
4

24 12 x
23

3. y
13. x ≤ 21 and y > 5 14. y ≤ 2x and y < 21
7
15. y ≤ 4 2 x and y ≥ 2x 16. y ≥ 1 2 x and x ≥ 0
17. x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, and y ≤ x 1 2
5

3
18. x < 3, x > 21, and y < 2x 2 1
1

23 21 1 3 x

4. y > 3x 1 1; y ≤ x 1 2 5. y < 23; 2x 1 3y > 6

Algebra 1
A8 Chapter 7 Resource Book
Lesson 7.6, continued

Problem Solving Workshop: 3. 0 ≤ 2x 1 y ≤ 160


Mixed Problem Solving 0 ≤ x 1 y ≤ 88
1. a. y 5 32x, y 5 28(x 2 0.25) 0 ≤ x 1 2y ≤ 140
b. (21.75, 256) c. The solution of the linear 0 ≤ x ≤ 80
0 ≤ y ≤ 70

ANSWERS
system does not make sense because you do not
consider negative reading times. 4. y
2. a. x 1 y ≥ 260, y ≥ x, 6x 1 4y ≤ 1600

Pounds of Premium Mix


70
60
b. y 50
360 40
320 30
Chicken orders

280 20
240 10
200 0
160 0 20 40 60 80 x
120 Pounds of Country Blend
80
40 5. 36 bags of Country Blend and 52 bags of Pre
0
0 80 160 x ium Mix 6. $544
Salmon orders

c. Yes, 120 orders of salmon and 160 orders of


Chapter Review Game
chicken can be ordered. 3. Answers will vary. Row 1: 8, 1, 6; Row 2: 3, 5, 7; Row 3: 4, 9, 2
4. 24 5. No; Solving the linear system produces Each row, column, and diagonal has a sum of 15.
infinitely many solutions, so you need more
information.
6. a. x 1 y ≤ 25, and 9x 1 6y ≥ 120
y
30
x 1 y < 25
Grocery Store

25
20
9x 1 6y > 120
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 x
Babysitting
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

b. No, you will earn $111. c. You can work


between 2 and 13 hours at the grocery store. 7.
Yes, just pick any value that is not equal to 22.
8. a. 6x 1 8y 5 94, and 12x 1 16y 5 188 b. No,
solving the linear system produces infinitely many
solutions. c. A large brick costs $9 and a small
brick costs $5.
Challenge Practice
1. y 2. 3
y

5
1
3
23 21 1 3 x
21
1
23
23 21 1 3 x

Algebra 1
Chapter 7 Resource Book A9
Answers
Lesson 8.1 Review for Mastery
1. 814 2. 64 3. y11 4. (210)8 5. 1330
Practice Level A
6. (28)21 7. f 16 8. (w 1 8)18 9. 56 p 186
1. power of a product property 2. product of
powers property 3. power of a power property 10. 21331p3 11. 9x4y10 12. 8m23
ANSWERS

4. (z3)5 5 z3p5 5 z15 5. (5x)4 5 54x4 5 625x4 Challenge Practice


6. 3 p 3 5 3
3 1 311
53 4 1. a (x 1 9)/3 2. a12yb9y 3. xy1/2 4. x 8y 12
7. (24y ) 5 (24)3( y2)3 5 264y6
2 3 1 2
5. (x 1 2)5a 2 4 6. a3 cubic feet 7. } 8. }
4 3
8. (x2y4)3 5 (x2)3( y4)3 5 x6y12
9. (a 1 1)3 cubic feet 10. 210610 11. 220310
9. x2(x3y)2 5 x2(x3)2y 2 5 x2x6y 2 5 x8y 2
10. 87 11. 56 12. 79 13. 220 14. 621 Lesson 8.2
15. 418 16. 132 p 182 17. 215 p 255 18. 76 p 1546 Practice Level A
19. x4 20. y8 21. z13 22. m28 23. b18 1. quotient of powers 2. power of a quotient
24. p15 25. 27n3 26. 32x5 27. x6y6 38
3. quotient of powers 4. }5 5 3825 5 33
28. Wisconsin: 106; Nebraska: 105; New Jersey: 3
106; Oregon: 105 29. 103 mi2 3 4 34 86 86
1 2
5. } 5 }4 6. }
4 4 8 p8
4 2
5 }6 5 80 7. 44 8. 93
8
30. 106 metric tons 15 57
9. 35 10. (25)1 11. (27)4 12. }5 13. }7
Practice Level B 4 3
29 3 6 1 4 x3
1. 512 2. (24)10 3. (210)7 4. 87 5. 210 14. }9 15. 4 16. y 17. z 18. m 19. }
7 y3
6. 310 7. 921 8. 158 9. (24)45 10. 134 p 194 a 13 1 9
20. } 21. }9 22. a. 103 b. 10 c. 102 d. 102
11. 486 p 276 12. 1355 p 85 13. x7 14. y8 b13 z
15. a18 16. z25 17. b14 18. (b 1 1)6 Practice Level B
19. 81x4 20. 281x4 21. 32a5b5 22. 64x18y 6 1. 66 2. 141 3. (25)5 4. 124 5. 87
35 (21)6
23. 81m31 24. 36p12 25. 6 26. 3 27. 6 6. }5 7. } 8. 37 9. 48 10. y6 11. z9
4 56
28. 106 newspapers 29. a. 104 tons b. 1012 tons
a8 216 a12 243x20
c. 1018 tons 30. a. x4 square units 12. }8 13. 2} 3 14. } 20
15. }
b z 16b y30
b. 625 square units c. 10,000 square units

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


12 28 25
m 81x 32m
16. } 17. } 18. } 19. 103
Practice Level C 125n27 16y 48 243n45
1. (29)14 2. 109 3. (27)8 4. 456 5. 1127 3087π
20. a. 104 b. 103 21. } in.3
2
6. (26)18 7. 205 p 315 8. 1258 p 88
9. (216)6 p 266 10. x12 11. (c 1 5)18 Practice Level C
12. 264c21 13. 264c21 14. 625x32y 20 87
1. 155 2. 64 3. 2}7 4. 87 5. 510 6. 2105
9
15. 2100,000a35b5 16. 250p13 17. 640m34 a7 81x24 m42 64a6
7. 2}7 8. } 9. } 10. }9
18. 22304x21 19. 768n17 20. 3z20 b y 36
64n60
125b
21. 32,000c13 22. 4 23. 5 24. 3 25. Answers 49x6 27x11 8x5 20x14
11. } 12. } 13. } 14. }
will vary. 26. 105 computers; First find the 64y14 200y6 y15 27y13
17
number of computers in use in Bahrain by finding 8x
15. 2} 16. x 5 8, y 5 3; Use the properties
103 p 101. Then find the number of computers in 9y35
use in Australia by finding (103 p 101) p 101. of exponents to write two equations in x and y.
Then solve the system of equations.
27. 104 metric tons; Solve the equation π 9π 9π
10? p 102 5 106. 28. a. x6 cubic units 17. 102 18. 1012 19. } ft3; } ft3; } ft3
6 16 2
b. 15,625 cubic units c. 1,000,000 cubic units

Algebra 1
A10 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Lesson 8.2, continued
5x11 2y12
Review for Mastery 16. 81x2y5 17. } 18. } 19. false; a 5 2;
y2 3x2
b7 81
1. 129 2. (28)4 3. 135 4. w 5 5. }7 6. }4 225 1
c w } 5 2 Þ }2 20. true 21. false; a 5 1, b 5 1;
27s15 9m2 226
7. } 8. } 9. 10 1 1
t12
n3 } 5 } Þ 2 5 1 1 1 22. 106 23. a. 2
111 2

ANSWERS
Challenge Practice 7π 7π
b. } cm3; } cm3 c. 4 d. overestimated;
2 8
1 A knitting needle narrows at one end.
1. a 5 1 2. b 5 3, or b 5 } 3. x 5 1, y 5 4
3
4. 4 5. 0 6. $65,155.79 7. $63,814.08 Review for Mastery
8. $265,329.77 1 8 1
1. 1 2. } 3. 36 4. } 5. 1 6. 81 7. }
625 125 16
Lesson 8.3 625x8z4 n6p2 s4t
8. 100,000 9. } 12
10. } 4
11. }
y 3m 48r11
Practice Level A
Problem Solving Workshop:
1 1 1 1
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. } 5. } 6. } 7. } Mixed Problem Solving
125 64 32 81
3375
1 4 1. a. } cubic inches
8. 2} 9. 1 10. 1 11. 1 12. 36 13. } 64
9 3
b. power of a quotient property
125 1 1 6
14. } 15. undefined 16. }5 17. }9 18. }3 2. a.
8 x m y Blood (cubic Number of white
8 1 x3 y3 1 millimeters) corpuscles
19. } 20. }4 21. }2 22. }4 23. }2
a10 81b y x ab
2y 3 1 1 10 104
24. } 25. } in. 26. } in.; } in.
x3 4 4 2
100 105
π 3π
27. } in.2; } in.2
16 16 1000 106
Practice Level B 10,000 107
1 1 1 64
1. } 2. } 3. } 4. 1 5. 1 6. 1 7. } 100,000 108
243 1000 64 25
343 1 1
8. } 9. undefined 10. } 11. } b. 103 p 105 5 108 3. No, the mass of a sweet
64 100,000 64
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

corn seed is 0.1 gram.


1 6 1 1
12. 625 13. }7 14. }4 15. }5 16. } 4. a. Answers will vary. b. Answers will vary.
x y 32b 81m4
a 2 3 x12
d 5 5. 2800 6. a. 1022 in. b. 1 cubic inch
17. } 18. } 19. }6 20. 1 21. }
b 4 2 5
xy 64y c3 c. Assuming the same thickness, the amount of oil
2 4 1 x3y7 1 needed to cover a container of water with a surface
22. x y 23. } 24. } 25. a. } in.
4x6y5 3 20 area of 10x square inches is 10x 2 2 cubic inches.
2 4π
b. } in. 26. } cm3 27. a. 1026 m Challenge Practice
25 375
1. Always true 2. Never true 3. Never true
b. 10215 m c. 1022 m
4. Always true 5. Sometimes true; true when
Practice Level C a 5 1 and b 5 1, false when a 5 2 and b 5 2.
1 1 9
1. } 2. 6561 3. } 4. 100,000 5. 125 6. True if a > 1. 7. 1 8. 1 9. 21 10. }
243 625 256
1 1 x6 x4y8
6. } 7. 25 8. } 9. 210 10. }8 11. } Focus On 8.3
64 4 16y 9
11
y10 16 y Practice
12. }4 13. } 14. 128d 8 15. 2}9
6x x10 16x 1 1 1
1. 25 2. } 3. 32 4. } 5. } 6. 343
13 27 14
1 1
7. 5 8. } 9. 9 10. } 11. 24 12. 16
7 256

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book A11
Lesson 8.3, continued
1
13. 625 14. } 15. 6 16. 24 17. 9 18. 16 25. 9.287 3 103; 1.3759 3 104; 14,205;
216
3.0214 3 104
19. b3 5 a, definition of cube root; (ak)3 5 a,
26. 1.04 3 1023; 2.5 3 1023; 0.0985; 0.16
substitute ak for b; a3k 5 a1, product of powers
1 27. 8.79 3 102; 1.0085 3 103; 1023; 1146
property; 3k 5 1, set exponents equal; k 5 }3,
ANSWERS

28. 1.2 3 1025; 0.001023; 1.045 3 1023;


solve for k; a1/3 • a1 5 a4/3, substitute value of
0.01036 29. 3 3 107 30. 5 3 1024
k into equation; a1/3 ? a3/3 5 a4/3, find LCD for
exponents; a4/3 5 a4/3, sum of powers property 31. 3.2 3 10224 32. 5.4 3 105 pixels
1 33. about 13.57 people/km2 34. a. Titania,
20. } Oberon, Ariel, Umbriel, Miranda b. about 53
8
Review for Mastery Practice Level C
1 1 1 1. 1.5 3 1023 2. 3.04 3 104 3. 4.6 3 1026
1. } 2. 27 3. } 4. 5 5. } 6. 81 7. 16
12 512 6 4. 9.120006 3 106 5. 2.45 3 101
1
8. } 9. 64 10. 3 11. 32 12. 2
625 6. 1.256 3 1021 7. 7.05 3 102
8. 1.00456 3 105 9. 5.01 3 1027
Lesson 8.4
10. 132,500 11. 705,123,000
Practice Level A 12. 0.0000000815 13. 0.09044 14. 5100
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. 6.4 3 100 5. 8.52 3 101 15. 31,112,000,000 16. 0.000081101
6. 2.5 3 1021 7. 1.04 3 1021 8. 5.4 3 102 17. 0.00000077 18. 62,500,000 19. 758.4;
9. 9.1245 3 103 10. 9.5 3 1023 11. 6.3 3 105 7.208 3 103; 7.914 3 103; 72,164 20. 0.000526;
12. 3 3 1022 13. 2.396 3 104 14. 4.57 3 1022 1.305 3 1023; 2.018 3 1023; 0.00205
15. 4.5 3 1025 16. 52,000 17. 910,000,000 21. 3.016 3 1024; 0.000316; 3.28 3 1024;
18. 625,000 19. 605 20. 8,125,000
0.003028 22. 1.254 3 1022 23. 5 3 1024
24. 2.43 3 10243 25. about 82.48 people/km2
21. 11,130,000,000 22. 0.0047
26. about 6.68 3 10224 g 27. a. Dione, Tethys,
23. 0.000000016 24. 0.00000445
Mimas, Phoebe, Calypso b. 275,000
25. 0.000924 26. 0.0071123 27. 0.000020123
c. Mimas: 8.25 3 1019 lb; Calypso: 8.8 3 1015 lb;
28. 4.5 3 103; 15,625; 21,000; 3 3 104 Tethys: 1.38 3 1021 lb; Dione: 2.42 3 1021 lb;

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


29. 7.8 3 1026; 0.0006; 0.0012; 2.15 3 102 Phoebe: 8.8 3 1017 lb
30. 0.0125; 1.3 3 1022; 6.15 3 1021; 1.765 Review for Mastery
1
31. Oxygen: 9.75 3 10 lb; Chlorine: 0.3 lb; 1. 7.9 3 1026 2. 1.356 3 106 3. 1012
24
Cobalt: 2.4 3 10 lb; Magnesium: 0.06 lb; 4. 0.000037 5. 2.8 3 105; 361,000; 2.1 3 106
Sodium: 1.65 3 1021 lb; Hydrogen: 15 lb
6. 4.0 3 1029 7. 2.093 3 103 8. 8.41 3 1012
32. about 28.5%
Challenge Practice
Practice Level B
1. 1.44 3 102 2. 5 3 1010 3. 3.5 3 106
1. 1.04 3 101 2. 6.751 3 103 3. 5.4 3 1021
4. 4.24 3 100 5. 1 3 106 6. 5% 7. 2%
4. 1.03 3 1024 5. 4.1562 3 105
8. about 2.4% 9. 1 10. 20.00000005
6. 8.104 3 1022 7. 3.412 3 106
8. 5.255 3 102 9. 1.0425 3 102 Lesson 8.5
25 27
10. 4.56 3 10 11. 2.07 3 10 Practice Level A
4
12. 2.3551 3 10 13. 158,000 14. 321,000,000 1. y 5 3x 2. y 5 5x 3. C 4. B 5. A
15. 4,502,100,000 16. 810,450 17. 17,220,000
18. 101.2 19. 0.000812 20. 0.0000004014
21. 0.0081025 22. 0.00000000312056
23. 0.01211 24. 0.0000700135

Algebra 1
A12 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Lesson 8.5, continued

6. y domain: all real numbers; 13. y domain: all real numbers;


5 range: all positive real 5 range: all positive real
3
numbers 3
numbers

ANSWERS
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21

7. y domain: all real numbers; 14. y domain: all real numbers;


10 range: all positive real 5 range: all positive real
6
numbers 3
numbers

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
22 21

8. y domain: all real numbers; 15. 3


y 16. y

5 range: all positive real 3


1
3
numbers 1
23 1 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
1 21
23
23 21 1 3 x
21 23

9. y domain: all real numbers; reflection in x-axis vertical stretch


5 range: all positive real 17. y vertical shrink
3
numbers 3

1
1
23 21 1 3 x
23 21 1 3 x 21
21
23

10. y domain: all real numbers;


18. initial amount: 3; growth rate: 0.05;
5 range: all positive real
growth factor: 1.05 19. initial amount: 2;
numbers
3 growth rate: 0.25; growth factor: 1.25
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

20. initial amount: 0.1; growth rate: 0.75;


23 21 1 3 x growth factor: 1.75 21. a. $206 b. $212.18
21
c. $231.85 22. Freshmen: 2; Sophomore: 2.5;
11. y
domain: all real numbers; Junior: 3.125; Senior: about 3.906
5 range: all positive real Practice Level B
numbers
3 1. y 5 11x 2. y 5 0.25(2) x
y
3. domain: all real numbers;
23 21
21
1 3 x 10 range: all positive real
6
numbers
12. y domain: all real numbers;
2
5 range: all positive real
23 21 1 3 x
numbers 22
3

4. y domain: all real numbers;


23 21 1 3 x 3 range: all positive real
21
numbers
23 21 1 3 x
21

23

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book A13
Lesson 8.5, continued

5. y domain: all real numbers; 12. y 13. 1


y

3 range: all positive real 10


23 1 3 x
numbers 6
21

23
23 21 1 3 x
21 2
ANSWERS

25
23 21 1 3 x
23 22

6. y domain: all real numbers; vertical stretch reflection in x-axis


5
range: all positive real 14. y 15. 3
y

3
numbers 5
23 21 1 3 x
23
1 3
23 21 1 3 x 29
21 1
215
23 21 1 3 x
21
7. y
domain: all real numbers;
vertical shrink vertical stretch and
1 range: all negative real
reflection in x-axis
23
21
1 3 x numbers
16. y 17. 2
y

23 1
23 21 1 3 x
22
23 21 1 3 x
25 21
26
23
8. y domain: all real numbers; 210
1 range: all negative real 25

1 3 x numbers vertical shrink and vertical stretch and


reflection in x-axis reflection in x-axis
23
18. a. $512.50 b. $565.70 c. $819.31
25
19. y 5 8000(1.07)t 20. a. y 5 10,000(1.08)t
9. y domain: all real numbers; b. $19,990.05
10 range: all positive real Practice Level C
6
numbers 1. y 5 24x 2. y 5 5 p 2x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


2 3. y
domain: all real numbers;
23 21 1 3 x
15 range: all positive real
22
9
numbers
10. y domain: all real numbers; 3
5 range: all positive real 23 21 1 3 x

3
numbers 23

1 4. y
domain: all real numbers;
23 21 1 3 x
3 range: all positive real
21
numbers
11.
1
y domain: all real numbers; 23 21
21
1 3 x

x
range: all negative real
21 1 3
21 numbers 23

23
5. y
domain: all real numbers;
25 5 range: all positive real
3
numbers
1

23 21 1 3 x
21

Algebra 1
A14 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Lesson 8.5, continued

6. y domain: all real numbers; 14. y 15. 3


y

3 range: all positive real 3


23 1 3 x
23
numbers 1
29
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 21

ANSWERS
215
23 23

7. y domain: all real numbers; vertical shrink vertical stretch and


23 21
21
1 3 x
range: all negative real reflection in x-axis
16. y 17. y
23
numbers 3 3

1 1
25
23 21 1 3 x 23 1 3 x
21 21
27

23 23
8. 3
y domain: all real numbers;
range: all negative real
1
numbers vertical shrink and vertical shrink and
23 1 3 x reflection in x-axis reflection in x-axis
18. Subtract the amount deposited from the
23
balance. a. $10.31 b. $54.48 c. $270.16
19. a. y 5 65,000(1.025)t b. about 71,748 people
9. y domain: all real numbers;
20. a. 100% b. y 5 10(2)t c. 160 students
15 range: all positive real
numbers Review for Mastery
9
1. y 5 9 p 3x
3
2. y domain: all real
23 21 1 3 x
23 7 numbers; range: all
positive real numbers
10. 10
y domain: all real numbers; 5

range: all positive real


6
numbers y 5 4(3)x
1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

2
23 21 1 3 x
23 21 1 3 x
22
3. y
23 1 3 x

11. 2
y domain: all real numbers; y5 25(6)x

23 1 3 x
range: all negative real
22
numbers 25

26
27

210

Because the y-values for y 5 25 p 6x are


12. y 13. y 25 times the corresponding y-values for y 5 6x,
10
1 the graph of y 5 25 p 6 x is a vertical stretch and
6
23 1 3 x reflection in the x-axis of the graph of y 5 6x.
21
2 Problem Solving Workshop:
23
23 21 1 3 x Worked Out Example
22
25
1. $389.78 2. The value raised to the x power
vertical stretch reflection in x-axis should have been 1 1 0.36; and the final calculation
of 0.10 is also incorrect. The spending per person
per year on the Internet in 2007 is $389.78.

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book A15
Lesson 8.5, continued

3. y 5 179,323,175(1.011)x; 309,880,465 10. y domain: all real numbers;


4. 7.59 feet 5. 16.41 feet 5 range: all positive real
3
numbers
Challenge Practice
1
1. y 5 3x 2. y 5 3 p 2x 3. y 5 } p 5x
ANSWERS

2 23 21 1 3 x
21
1 x 3
1 2
4. y 5 } 3 or y 5 3
9
x 2 2
5. y = } 2x or
2 1 2
11. y domain: all real numbers;
y53p2 x21
5 range: all positive real
6. f (x) 5 3 p 28x and g(x) 5 3 p 212x, so numbers
3
g(1) > f (1)
1 1
7. f (x) 5 } p 16x and g(x) 5 1280 p 16x,
2 23 21
21
1 3 x
so g(1) > f (1)
8. f (x) 5 25 p 52x and g(x) 5 52x, so f (1) > g(1) 12. y 13. 3
y

5
1
9. f (x) 5 6 p 42x and g(x) 5 } p 43x, so 1
2
f(1) > g(1) 10. f (x) 5 1000 p (1.5)10x and 23 21
21
3 x

g(x) 5 2000 p (1.5) , so f (1) > g(1)


3x 1

23 21 1 3 x
21
Lesson 8.6
vertical stretch reflection in x-axis
Practice Level A
14. y vertical shrink
1 x
1. yes; y 5 }
10 1 2
2. no 3. C 4. A 5. B 3

6. y domain: all real numbers; 1

5 range: all positive real 23 21


21
1 3 x

numbers
23

1
15. exponential decay 16. exponential growth
23 21 1 3 x
21
17. exponential decay 18. exponential decay
19. exponential growth 20. exponential growth

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


7. y domain: all real numbers;
5 range: all positive real 21. a. $10,200 b. $7369.50 c. $5324.46
3
numbers 22. a. y 5 4000(0.98)t b. 3689 employees

1 Practice Level B
23 21 1 3 x
1 x
21
1. yes; y 5 }
5
2. no1 2
8. y domain: all real numbers; 3. y
domain: all real numbers;
5 range: all positive real 10 range: all positive real
3
numbers 6
numbers

23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21 22

9. y
domain: all real numbers; 4. 5
y domain: all real numbers;
5 range: all positive real range: all positive real
3
3
numbers numbers
1
26 22 2 6 x
23 21 1 3 x 21
21

Algebra 1
A16 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Lesson 8.6, continued

5. 2
y domain: all real numbers; 17. exponential growth; y 5 4(2)x
23 21 1 3 x
range: all negative real 18. a. $2400 b. $1536 c. $983.04
numbers
19. a. y 5 7(0.979)t b. about 5.4%
20. a. y 5 18,000(0.945)t

ANSWERS
b. about 13,565 people

Practice Level C
6. y domain: all real numbers; 9 x
1 2
10
range: all positive real 1. yes; y 5 } 2. no
10
6
numbers 3. y domain: all real numbers;
15
2
range: all positive real
23 21
22
1 3 x 9
numbers

23 21 1 3 x
7. 7
y domain: all real numbers; 23

range: all positive real


5
numbers 4. y domain: all real numbers;
3 range: all positive real
1 1
numbers
23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x
21

8. y domain: all real numbers; 23


0.5 range: all negative real
23 21 3 x numbers 5. 3
y domain: all real numbers;
20.5
range: all negative real
1
numbers
23 21 3 x
21

9. 20
y 10. y

23 21 1 3 x 6. y domain: all real numbers;


range: all positive real
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

23 21
24
1 3 x numbers

vertical stretch reflection in x-axis 23 21 1 3 x


26
11. 5
y vertical shrink
7. y domain: all real numbers;
3
range: all positive real
numbers
23 21 1 3 x
21
2

23 21 1 3 x
22
12. never; The graphs are reflections in the x-axis.
13. always; At x 5 0, the graphs will intersect at 8. y domain: all real numbers;
0.1
(0, 1). range: all negative real
23 21 3 x
14. sometimes; Sample answer: If a 5 1, then the
20.1
numbers
graphs are identical. If a 5 2, then the graphs are
not identical.
15. exponential decay; y 5 3(0.75)x
16. exponential decay; y 5 2(0.7)x

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book A17
Lesson 8.6, continued

9. 25
y 10. y Problem Solving Workshop:
1 Mixed Problem Solving
23 21
21
3 x 1. a. 7.1492 3 104, 2.4 3 103 b. The surface
5 area of Jupiter is about 6.423 3 1010 km2. The
surface area of Callisto is about 7.238 3 107 km2.
ANSWERS

23 21 1 3 x
25
c. about 8.874 3 102, The surface area of Jupiter
vertical stretch reflection in x-axis is about 887.4 times larger than the surface area of
Callisto.
11. y vertical shrink and
3
reflection in x-axis 2. a. y 5 20(0.5)x, where x is the number of
1 45-day periods b. 1.25 ounces 3. a. exponential
23 21 1 3 x growth b. y 5 91(1.59)x c. 365.79 million
4. Yes; After two years of depreciation, the value
23
of the boat is $5057.50. The family is getting more
for the boat than it is worth. 5. 0.14 6. Answers
12. always; The graphs are reflections in the will vary.
x-axis.
7. a. y 5 20,000(0.94)x b. 6%; The decay rate
13. always; The graphs are reflections in the for the car is 0.06, or 6%.
y-axis, so they have the same range.
8. a. y 5 200(1.04)x
14. never; The function is an exponential decay
b. y
function. 250
Value (dollars)

15. exponential decay; y 5 5(0.4)x


200
150

16. exponential growth; y 5 3(1.25)x 100


50
17. exponential decay; y 5 6(0.8)x 18. a. $2700 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
b. $6729.48 c. $9438.90 19. a. y 5 8(0.982)t Time (years)

b. about 7.6 h 20. no; At the beginning of the c. No; After 3 years there is $224.97 in the
second 5-year period, there was more money being account.
lost than there was being gained at the beginning
of the first 5-year period. Challenge Practice
1 x 1 x
Review for Mastery 1. f (x) 5 3 p }
2 1 2
2. f (x) 5 2 p }
3 1 2

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1. yes; y 5 9 p 3 x
3 x 5 2 x
2. y domain: all real
3. f (x) 5 4 p }
5 1 2
4. f (x) 5 } p }
2 5 1 2
numbers; 7 3 x 1 5x
7

range: all positive real


5. f (x) 5 } p }
3 7 1 2
6. f (x) 5 3 p } and
9 1 2
5
numbers 1 3x
3
g(x) 5 4 p }9 , so g(1) > f (1)1 2
y 5 (0.7)x 1 x 5 1 x
23 21 1 3 x
1 2
7. f (x) 5 8 p } and g(x) 5 } p } , so
16 256 16 1 2
1 1 x 1 4x
3. y f (1) > g(1) 8. f (x) 5 }5 p }5 and g(x) 5 }5 ,1 2 1 2
9 x
so f (1) > g(1) 9. f (x) 5 6 p } 16
and 1 2
1 9 x
3
y54
x
( 18 )
g(x) 5 }2 p } 16 1 2
, so f (1) > g(1)
1

23 21 1 3 x

1 x
exponential decay; y 5 4 p 1 }8 2

Algebra 1
A18 Chapter 8 Resource Book
Lesson 8.6, continued
1 n21
Focus On 8.6 9. an 5 281 }
3
; 1 2 /
Y
 X

Practice D: 1, 2, 3, ... 
R: 281, 227, 
1. arithmetic; 
Y
29, 23, ... 


ANSWERS




 10. an 5 6n 2 1;

.UMBEROF.EW0EA0LANTSA N

Y
/  X 

2. geometric; 
Y


 


/ 
 
       X
 .UMBEROF'ENERATIONSN
X

3. arithmetic; Y
/  Review for Mastery


1. geometric; 2500 2. arithmetic; 3.5


X
3. geometric; 2
4. Y 5. Y
 
 
1 n21
4. an 5 64 }
4 1 2; 
Y 




D: 1, 2, 3, ... 
 
 
R: 64, 16, 4, 1, ...  
     X
     X

/  X 6. Y

n21
5. an 5 (26) ; 
Y 

D: 1, 2, 3, ...  

R: 1, –6, 36, 2216, ... /

 X

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


     X

7. an 5 (22)n 2 1; a10 5 2512
n21
6. an 5 3(2) ; Y
1 n21 1
D: 1, 2, 3, ...


8. an 5 }
3 1 2
; a10 5 }19683

R: 3, 6, 12, 24, ...  9. an 5 10(2)n 2 1; a10 5 5120


Chapter Review Game
/  X
1 n21 x6
1. x 8 2. 3.10091 3 107 3. 1 4. }3 5. 0.891
1 2
7. an 5 }
4
; 

Y
y
10 7
D: 1, 2, 3, ... 
 6. 2324x 7. 0.0000987 8. 2x y

1 1 1 
y 14 500
R: 1, }4 , } , }, ...
16 64

 9. 3.0 3 1025 10. }6 11. 2} 12. 0.055



16x x 4y 6
/  X 13. 1.495 3 1011
1 n21 RENE DESCARTES
8. an 5 21 ? 2}
2 1 2 ; 


Y

D: 1, 2, 3, ... 

1 1 1  
 X
R: 21, }2, 2}4 , }8 , ...
 
 

/

Algebra 1
Chapter 8 Resource Book A19
Answers
Lesson 9.1 11. 24a3b2 1 15a2b2 2 10a2b 1 5
Practice Level A 12. 3m2n 2 11mn2 2 8n 1 2m
1. 8n6; degree: 6; leading coefficient: 8 13. a. T 5 4.93t 4 2 56.78t 3 1 177.65t 2 2
126.42t 1 1367.51 b. In 1997, 1367.51 thousand
2. 29z 1 1; degree: 1; leading coefficient: 29
ANSWERS

metric tons were produced and in 2003, 1129.19


3. 2x 5 1 4; degree: 5; leading coefficient: 2 thousand metric tons were produced. So more peat
4. 2x 2 1 18x 1 2; degree: 2; leading coefficient: and perlite were produced in 1997.
21 5. 3y 3 1 4y 2 1 8; degree: 3; leading 14. a. N 5 187,443 1 13,857t;
coefficient: 3 6. 220m3 1 m 1 5; degree: 3; M 5 151,629 1 5457t b. 1997: $35,814; 2003:
leading coefficient: 220 7. 23a7 1 10a 4 2 8; $86,214; Northeast: $83,142; Midwest: $32,742
degree: 7; leading coefficient: 23
Review for Mastery
8. 6z 4 1 z 3 2 5z 2 1 4z; degree: 4; leading
coefficient: 6 9. h7 2 6h4 1 8h3; degree: 7; 1. 22x2 1 9; degree: 2; coefficient: 22
leading coefficient: 1 10. polynomial; degree: 2; 2. 3y3 1 2y 1 16; degree: 3; coefficient: 3
monomial 11. not a polynomial; variable 3. 23z5 1 6z3 1 7z2; degree: 5; coefficient: 23
exponent 12. not a polynomial; negative
4. 9a2 1 4a 1 4 5. 13b2 2 2b 1 5
exponent 13. polynomial; degree: 2; binomial
6. 22c3 1 5c2 2 5c 1 4 7. 13d 2 2 23d 1 11
14. polynomial; degree: 2; trinomial
15. polynomial: degree: 3; binomial 16. 7x 1 9 Problem Solving Workshop:
17. 7m2 2 7 18. 9y 2 1 5y 2 4 19. 2x 2 1 3 Worked Out Example
20. 7a2 1 2a 2 6 21. 2m2 2 8m 1 3 22. 4x 1 4 1. 22,055,300 people 2. $1,115,940
23. 4x 1 9 24. B 5 0.014t 2 1 0.13t 1 12 Challenge Practice
25. Area: 4x 2 2 12πx 1 6π 1. x 1 x 1 4 5 2x 14 5 2(x 1 2); Because the
Practice Level B number of quarters and dimes is a multiple of 2,
1. 4n5; degree: 5; leading coefficient: 4 it is even. 2. x 1 2x 1 1 5 3x 11; If x is even,
then 3x is even and 3x 1 1 is odd. If x is odd, then
2. 22x 2 1 4x 1 3; degree: 2; leading
3x is odd and 3x 1 1 is even. So, whether the
coefficient: 22 3. 4y 4 1 6y 3 2 2y 2 2 5; degree: total number of coins is even or odd can’t be
4; leading coefficient: 4 4. not a polynomial; determined. 3. x 1 3x 1 5 5 4x 1 5; Whether x
variable exponent 5. polynomial; degree: 3; is even or odd, 4x is even, so 4x 1 5 is odd.

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


trinomial 6. not a polynomial; negative exponent
7. 5z 2 1 3z 2 7 8. 5c 2 2 3c 1 6 4. x 1 4 1 3x 1 5 5 4x 1 9; Whether x is even
or odd, 4x is even, so 4x 1 9 is odd.
9. 3x 2 1 6 10. 6b2 2 8b 1 1
5. x 1 4 1 2x 1 1 1 3x 1 5 5 6x 1 10 5
11. 24m2 1 2m 2 3 12. 22m2 1 9m 2 1
2(x 1 5); Because the number of dimes, nickels,
13. 10x 1 2 14. 9x 2 1 and pennies is a multiple of 2, it is even.
17
15. Area: } x 2 1 8x 2 32 81
4 6. 0 7. 1 8. x 9. 3 10. } 11. 25 12. 19
4
1 2
16. P 5 } t 1 2t 1 200
6 Lesson 9.2
Practice Level C
1. polynomial; degree: 0; monomial 2. not a Practice Level A
polynomial; negative exponent 3. polynomial; 1. 3x 3 2 2x 2 1 x 2. 6y 4 1 2y 3 2 8y
degree: 2; trinomial 3. 23m3 2 12m2 1 3m 4. 4d 4 2 3d 3 1 d 2
4. 3m3 1 4m2 2 m 1 2 5. 25y 2 2 2y 1 9 5. 2w 5 2 3w 4 6. 2a4 2 3a3 1 a2
6. c3 1 c 2 2 9c 1 5 7. 24z 2 1 4z 1 14 7. x 2 2 3x 2 4 8. y 2 1 8y 1 12
8. 14x 4 2 3x3 2 7x 2 2 3 9. a2 2 8a 1 15 10. 2m2 1 7m 1 3
9. 2x 4 2 2x 3 1 6x 2 2 5x
11. 3z 2 2 11z 2 20 12. 3d 2 1 17d 2 6
10. f(x) 1 g(x) 5 6x 3 2 3x 2 1 2x 2 6;
13. y 2 1 5y 2 24 14. n2 1 11n 1 30
f(x) 2 g(x) 5 26x 3 2 7x 2 1 2x 1 4

Algebra 1
A20 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Lesson 9.2, continued

15. 3x 2 1 13x 2 10 16. 8a2 2 2a 2 1 15. 5x 3y 2 20x 2y 2 1 5xy 3 16. 33n2 1 36n 1 3
17. w 3 1 3w 2 1 3w 1 1 17. w6 1 13w 5 1 3w 4 2 10w 3 1 5w 2
18. m3 2 4m2 1 7m 2 6 19. 8y 2 2 23y 2 3 1 7
18. } x 2 1 } x 1 6 19. 22x 2 2 2x 1 96
2 2
20. 15b2 1 7b 2 2 21. 6d 2 2 14d 1 4
20. a. A 5 2330.6934t 5 1 14,967.1039t 4 2

ANSWERS
22. 6x 2 1 8x 1 2 23. 6x 2 1 22x 2 8 149,699.734t 3 1 178,230.4684t 2 1 18,574.268t 1
2 2
24. 2s 1 s 2 15 25. 40c 2 46c 2 14 106,563,461.4 b. $106,563,461,400
26. 16p2 2 46p 1 15 27. 14t 2 1 26t 2 4 21. a. E: 14,439.09; P: 0.126; E p P indicates the
28. a. V 5 288x 2 1 1152x 1 1152 b. 41,472 in.3 amount of money spent (in millions of dollars) on
exercise equipment.
29. a. A: 76,226; P: 0.6; A p P indicates the
number of acres (in thousands) that are parks. b. E p P 5 0.0001112t 8 2 0.0002186t7 2
b. A p P 5 20.1688t 3 2 59.0818t 2 1 812.634t 1 0.06424t 6 1 0.983634t 5 2 6.7188068t 4 1
45,735.6 22.667885t 3 2 120.819698t 2 1 568.42959t 1
1819.32534 c. $1,819,325,340
Practice Level B
Review for Mastery
1. 6x 4 2 3x 3 2 x 2 2. 220a7 1 15a4 2 5a3
1. 21x4 2 6x3 1 9x2
3. 28d 5 1 20d 4 2 24d 3 1 8d 2
2. 12x8 2 8x7 2 32x6 1 36x5
4. 6x 2 2 13x 2 5 5. 2y 2 2 7y 2 15
3. 3m3 1 17m2 1 6m 2 4 4. 6n2 1 29n 1 28
6. 24a2 2 18a 1 3 7. 5b2 2 42b 1 16
5. 2p3 1 13p2 2 p 1 42
8. 16m2 1 38m 1 21 9. 23p3 1 6p2 2 p 1 2
6. 12q3 2 28q2 1 7q 1 12 7. 15t 2 2 13t 2 72
10. 22z2 1 13z 2 21 11. 26d 2 1 23d 2 10
8. 72s2 2 119s 1 49 9. 2y21 15y 2 27
12. n3 1 5n2 1 9n 1 5 13. w 3 1 5w2 2 23w 2 3
14. 2s3 1 11s2 1 13s 2 5 Challenge Practice
1. x7 1 3x5 1 2x3 2. 2y7 1 3y5 2 y4 1 3y2
15. 5x 3y 2 20x 2y 2 1 5xy 3 16. 4a2 1 a 2 1
3. 2x7 1 4x3y3 1 2x4y 1 4y4
17. 23x 2 1 8x 1 10 18. 2m2 1 5m 2 41
4. 2x12 1 11x10 1 12x8
19. 3x 2 1 15x 20. x 2 1 6x 1 8
5. x5 1 2x4 1 3x3 1 6x 2 1 2x 1 4 6. 0
21. a. A 5 4x 2 1 22x 1 30 b. 72 ft 2
2 3 2
7. 4x 8. 4x 9. 2x 2 x 2 6x 1 1
22. a. S: 66,939; P: 0.4; S p P
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

3 2
indicates the number of students (in thousands) 10. 2x 1 8x 1 5
that were between 7 and 13 in 1995. 11. V 5 9x(50x 1 150) (8x 1 16)
b. A p P 5 0.000163t7 2 0.01166225t 6 1 12. V 5 3600x3 1 18,000x 2 1 21,600x
0.218856t 5 2 1.510115t 4 1 0.46605t 3 1
13. 168 trailers
38.8676t 2 1 181.107t 1 26,775.6
c. about 26,775,600 students Lesson 9.3
Practice Level C Practice Level A
7 5 3 3 2
1. 216y 1 40y 2 24y 2. 3b 1 7b 2 5b 1 3 1. 2ab 2. 2mn 3. 2x 4. 10x 5. y 2 6. 9
3. 218w 2 1 33w 2 12 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. x 2 1 8x 1 16
4. 36m5 2 9m3 1 4m2 2 1 11. m2 2 16m 1 64 12. a2 1 20a 1 100
5. 2x 3 1 11x 2 1 13x 2 6 13. p2 2 24p 1 144 14. 4y 2 1 4y 1 1
6. 24n4 2 32n3 1 37n2 1 4n 2 5 15. 9y 2 2 6y 1 1 16. 100r 2 2 20r 1 1
7. 6p6 2 12p4 2 10p2 1 20 17. 16n2 1 16n 1 4 18. 9c 2 2 12c 1 4
8. 248r 5 1 8r 3 1 12r 2 2 2 9. 10z 4 2 39z 2 2 27 19. z 2 2 25 20. b2 2 4 21. n2 2 64
10. x 3y 1 2xy 2 11. 26x 2y 2 15xy 22. a2 2 100 23. 4x 2 2 1 24. 25m2 2 1
12. x 2y 3 1 xy 4 13. 5x 2 1 xy 2 6y 2 25. 16d 2 2 1 26. 9p2 2 4 27. 4r 2 2 9
14. 2xy 3 1 3x 2y 2 1 210x 1 140y 28. Find the product (10 2 3)(10 1 3).

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book A21
Lesson 9.3, continued

29. Find the product (30 2 6)(30 1 6). 23. 324x 2 24. 1 25. (x 2 12)(x 1 12)
30. Find the product (60 1 9)(60 2 9). 26. (a 2 b)3 5 (a 2 b)2(a 2 b) 5
31. T 5 9t 2 2 4 32. a. 0.25B2 1 0.5Bb 1 0.25b2 (a2 2 2ab 1 b2)(a 2 b) 5 a3 2 3a2b 1 3ab2 2 b3
b. 25% 27. a. 75%; Three of the four squares in the area
ANSWERS

Practice Level B model represent at least one goal being made.


b. The chance of making a goal is 50% and
1. x 2 2 18x 1 81 2. m2 1 22m 1 121
the chance of not making a goal is 50%.
3. 25s2 1 20s 1 4 4. 9m2 1 42m 1 49 So the polynomial (0.5C 1 0.5I)2 5
5. 16p2 2 40p 1 25 6. 49a2 2 84a 1 36 0.25C 2 1 0.5CI 1 0.25I 2 represents this situation
7. 100z 2 2 60z 1 9 8. 4x 2 1 4xy 1 y 2 where C represents a goal made and I represents
9. 9y 2 2 6xy 1 x 2 10. a 2 2 81
a goal missed. 28. The expression 8(122)
represents the original volume. If the side
11. z 2 2 400 12. 25r 2 2 1 13. 36m2 2 100
lengths are changed as described, the expression
14. 49p2 2 4 15. 81c 2 2 1 16. 16x 2 2 9 8(12 2 x)(12 1 x) 5 8(122) 2 8x 2 represents the
17. 2w 2 1 16 18. 24y 2 1 25 19. Find the new volume. Because x is positive, subtracting 8x 2
product (20 2 5)(20 1 5). 20. Find the product will always decrease the original volume.
(50 2 7)(50 1 7). 21. Find the product (20 2 2)2. Review for Mastery
22. 16x 2 2 0.25 23. 16x 2 1 4x 1 0.25
1. y2 1 18y 1 81 2. 9z2 1 42z 1 49
2
24. 16x 2 4x 1 0.25
3. 4w2 2 12w 1 9 4. 100r 2 2 60rs 1 9s2
25. a. S s
5. g2 2 121 6. 49f 2 2 1 7. 4h2 2 81
S SS Ss 8. 36k 2 2 64 9. Square of a binomial pattern;
(50 1 5)2 10. Sum and difference pattern;
s sS ss (40 2 9)(40 1 9)
Challenge Practice
b. 0.25S 2 1 0.5Ss 1 0.25s2 c. 25% 1. 8x2 1 18 2. 2x 4 1 2x 2 1 5
26. a. 75%; Three of the four squares in the area 3. 2a2x 2 1 2b2y2 4. 2a2x 4 1 2b2y 4 5. 34x 1 50
model represent at least one foul shot being made.
6. (a 2 b 1 c)2
b. The chance of making a foul shot is 50% and
5 a(a 2 b 1 c) 2 b(a 2 b 1 c) 1 c(a 2 b 1 c)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


the chance of not making a foul shot is 50%.
5 a2 2 ab 1 ac 2 ab 1 b2 2 bc 1 ac 2 bc 1 c2
So the polynomial (0.5C 1 0.5I)2 5 0.25C 2 1
5 a2 1 b2 1 c2 2 2ab 1 2ac 2 2bc
0.5CI 1 0.25I 2 represents this situation where C
represents a foul shot made and I represents a foul 7. 9x 2 1 4y 2 1 25z 2 2 12xy 1 30xz 2 20yz
shot missed. 8. a2x 2 1 b2y 2 1 c 2z 2 2 2abxy 1 2acxz 2 2bcyz

Practice Level C 9. 8x3 1 24x 2 1 16x 10. Because


8x 3 1 24x 2 1 16x 5 2(4x3 1 12x2 1 8x), the
1. 64x 2 2 80x 1 25 2. 16p2 1 32p 1 16
expression represents an even number.
3. 100 m2 2 220m 1 121 4. 121s2 2 220s 1 100
11. 8x3 1 36x2 1 46x 1 15
5. 400b2 2 600b 1 225 6. m2 1 8mn 1 16n2
12. Because 8x 3 1 36x 2 1 46x 1 15 5
7. r 2 2 16rs 1 64s2 8. 100a2 1 60ab 1 9b2 2(4x 3 1 18x2 1 23x) 1 15, the expression
9. 4x 2 2 16xy 1 16y 2 10. 64p2 2 9 represents the sum of an even number and an
11. 121t 2 2 16 12. 49n2 2 25 13. 81z 2 2 144 odd number, which gives an odd number.
14. 2w 2 1 225 15. 225p2 1 36
Lesson 9.4
16. 29m2 1 400 17. 100a2 2 25b2
Practice Level A
18. 16x 2 2 9y 2 19. Find the product (40 2 4)
(40 1 4). 20. Find the product (20 1 3)2. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. 26, 22 5. 23, 5 6. 7, 10

21. Find the product (50 2 1)2. 22. 81x 2 2 0.25 7. 21, 8 8. 29, 9 9. 215, 212 10. 250, 25

Algebra 1
A22 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Lesson 9.4, continued

11. 23, 1 12. 2, 3 13. 2(2m 2 1) 14. 5(x 2 2) b. Check student’s work; 40 ft
15. 3(2y 1 5) 16. 8(x 1 y) 17. 7(a 2 b) c. Check student’s work; (0, 60)

18. 2(a 1 5b) 19. 9(m 2 2n) 20. 3(5p 2 q) Review for Mastery
2
21. 4(3x 1 y) 22. 2c(c 1 2) 23. m (9m 1 1) 1. 7, 9 2. 22, 23 3. 0, 216 4. 0, 2 5. 0, 3

ANSWERS
24. 2w(w 1 2) 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. 28, 0 6. 0.625 sec
29. 0, 7 30. 21, 0 31. 0, 1 32. 0, 2 Problem Solving Workshop:
33. 22, 0 34. 9 sec 35. about 0.33 sec Mixed Problem Solving
Practice Level B 1. a. 4x 2 1 24x 1 35 b. 99 square inches

1. 214, 3 2. 25, 12 3. 224, 215 4. 8, 9 2. a. E 5 4.3791t 2 1 235.3518t 1 2944.308


3 b. $3,955,780,800 3. a– c. Answers will vary.
1
5. 28, } 6. 2} , 6 7. 25, 4 8. 22, 3
2 4 4. 2 5. 0, 1.125; The kangaroo jumped off
2 1 1 1 5 5 the ground at 0 seconds and landed back on the
9. } , 8 10. 2}, } 11. 23, } 12. 2} , }
3 2 2 2 4 4 ground at 1.125 seconds. 6. Brian was in the air
13. 10(x 2 y) 14. 4(2x 2 1 5y) 15. 6(3a2 2 b) longer during his first jump since he had a larger
initial velocity, which means that he landed on the
16. 4x(x 2 1) 17. r(r 1 2s) 18. 2m(m 1 3n)
ground in the first jump later than he landed on the
19. 5q( p2 1 2) 20. a3(9a2 1 1) 21. 2w2(3w 2 7) second jump.
22. 0, 10 23. 214, 0 24. 0, 1 25. 21, 0 7. a. S 5 144.3t3 2 841.1t2 1 520.5t 1 6559.3
5 5
26. 0, 3 27. 22, 0 28. 0, } 29. 2} , 0 b. $6,559,300,000, $4,418,900,000 c. a loss of
2 4
5 1 1 3 $535,100,000 per year; Find the difference in the
30. 0, } 31. 0, } 32. 2 , 0 33. 2}, 0
}
sales figures from part (b) and divide by the
2 2 2 8
34. 1.5 sec; Yes. From the equation, you can see number of years.
that the factor t 2 1.5 will be zero when t 5 1.5. Challenge Practice
7
35. a. h 5 216t 2 1 14t b. } sec 1. (x 2 1)(x 2 2)(x 2 3); x3 2 6x2 1 11x 2 6
8
36. a. w(w 1 3) 5 w(7 2 w) b. 2 ft c. 20 ft 2 2. (x 1 1)x(x 2 1); x3 2 x
3. x p x(x 2 1)(x 2 1); x4 2 2x3 1 x2
Practice Level C
1 5
2 3 5
1. 23, } 2. 2}, } 3. 24, 6 4. 28, 2
1 2 2
4. x x 2 } (x 2 2); x3 2 } x 2 1 x
2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

5 2 2
2 14 17
3 2 8 2 3 1 9 5
5. 2}, 9 6. 2}, } 7. }, } 8. 2}, 4 9. }, }
2 3 5 9 7 5 8 2
1 3 2
5. (x 1 1) x 1 } (x 1 3); x3 1 } x2 1 } x 1 2
3 3
10. 3(3x 2 2 7y) 11. 4m(m2 1 6) 6. (x 1 10)(2x 1 15) 5 1650 7. 20 feet wide
12. 5pq(2p 2 q) 13. 3y(2x 1 3y)
3 by 40 feet long 8. x 5 0, or y 5 x, or y 5 2x
14. 5ab(7ab 2 1) 15. 4mn(3m 2 2n) 9. x 5 0, or y 5 x, or y 5 2x

16. w(w 3 2 2w 2 1 1) 17. 3p(2p3 1 5p 1 2) 10. y 5 x, or y 5 2x

3 2 Lesson 9.5
18. 4r 2(2r 3 2 5r 2 2 3) 19. 0, } 20. 2} , 0
4 3
4 6 1 5 Practice Level A
21. 0, } 22. 2} , 0 23. 2} , 0 24. 0, }
3 5 2 6
3 3 13 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. (x 1 1)(x 1 5)
25. 2} , 0 26. 0, } 27. 2} , 0
50 10 17 5. (a 1 7)(a 1 3) 6. (w 1 5)(w 1 3)
1 4 3
28. 0, } 29. 0, } 30. 0, } 7. (p 2 5)(p 1 2) 8. (c 2 1)(c 1 11)
4 9 5
31. a. 0, 0.21875; These are the times at which 9. (y 1 7)(y 2 2) 10. (n 2 1)(n 2 3)
the fish leaves and enters the water. b. Sample 11. (b 2 3)(b 2 2) 12. (r 2 7)(r 2 5)
answer: Any value of t ≥ 0 because time should 13. (z 1 3)(z 1 4) 14. (s 2 6)(s 1 3)
be positive. 32. a. Locate the zeros and find
15. (d 2 8)(d 1 3) 16. 24, 21 17. 25, 22
the horizontal distance between them.

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book A23
Lesson 9.5, continued
1 1
18. 27, 22 19. 1, 11 20. 22, 3 21. 5, 7 8. x 52}, } 9. x 5 9
3 4
22. 21, 5 23. 25, 3 24. 27, 1 25. C 26. A } }
10. x 5 22Ï 3 , 2Ï 3 , 22, 2
27. B 28. 24, 3 29. 22, 5 30. 21, 6
31. 27, 3 32. 29, 4 33. 21, 4 34. 30 ft Lesson 9.6
ANSWERS

35. a. x(x 1 1) 5 6 b. 2 ft, 3 ft c. 3 ft 2


Practice Level A
Practice Level B 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. 2(x 2 3)(x 1 5)
1. (x 1 7)(x 1 1) 2. (b 2 5)(b 2 2)
5. 2(m 2 1)(m 2 2) 6. 2(p 1 2)(p 2 7)
3. (w 2 13)(w 1 1) 4. (p 1 5)2
7. (2w 1 1)(w 1 3) 8. (3y 1 2)(y 1 1)
5. (m 2 6)(m 2 4) 6. (y 2 8)(y 1 3)
9. (2b 2 1)(b 1 1) 10. 3(n 2 1)(n 1 1)
7. (a 1 9)(a 1 4) 8. (n 2 6)(n 1 8)
11. (5a 2 2)(a 1 3) 12. (2z 2 1)(z 1 5)
9. (z 2 10)(z 2 4) 10. 29, 28 11. 23, 12
13. (7d 2 1)(d 2 2) 14. 2(r 2 5)(r 2 1)
12. 6, 7 13. 22, 7 14. 28, 23 15. 3, 9 3 1
15. (6s 2 1)(s 2 2) 16. 25, } 17. 24, 2}
16. 210, 5 17. 212, 24 18. 25, 6 19. 24, 9 2 3
1 1 1 5
20. 210, 2 21. 3, 8 22. 27, 24 23. 212, 1 18. 21, } 19. 23, } 20. 24, } 21. 22, 2}
2 2 3 3
24. 26, 3 25. 212, 25 26. 24, 8 3 1 2 1 2 2
22. 2} , 2} 23. 2}, } 24. 2} , 2 25. 27, }
2 2 3 3 5 3
27. 25, 23 28. 27, 1 29. 22, 5 30. 29 1 1 3 1 2
26. 2} , 2} 27. 2} , } 28. 25, 1 29. 2} , 5
31. a. x 2 1 150x 1 5000 b. 20 ft 2 4 2 3 3
1 1 3
32. a. x 2 2 7x 1 12 b. 144 in. 30. 2} , 5 31. 2, 3 32. } , 2 33. 26, }
2 4 2
Practice Level C 1 3 1
34. 24, } 35. 2} , 1 36. 22, 2} 37. 1 sec
2 2 4
1. (x 2 8)(x 1 7) 2. (m 1 6)(m 1 8) 2
38. a. 4x 2 39x 1 90 b. 18 in. by 72 in.
3. (y 2 9)(y 2 6) 4. (p 1 10)(p 1 2)
Practice Level B
5. (w 2 9)(w 2 5) 6. (x 1 6)(x 2 4) 7. 24, 15
1. 2(x 2 4)(x 1 7) 2. 2(p 2 2)(p 2 6)
8. 211 9. 12 10. 225, 20 11. 212, 11
3. 2(m 1 8)(m 1 5) 4. (2y 1 1)(y 1 7)
12. 29, 28 13. 26, 10 14. 26, 12 15. 8
5. (3a 2 1)(a 2 4) 6. (5d 1 2)(d 2 4)
16. 215 17. 210, 15 18. 3, 10 19. 220, 30
7. (3c 1 2)(2c 1 1) 8. 2(5n 2 3)(n 2 2)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


20. 214, 22 21. 28, 25 22. 23, 7
9. (2w 1 3)(6w 2 5) 10. 2(b 1 4)(2b 2 3)
23. 26, 4 24. 3, 8 25. 29, 24 26. 22, 12
11. 2(r 1 5)(3r 1 2) 12. 22(s 2 2)(2s 1 1)
27. 7, 8 28. 25, 4 29. 214, 23 30. 2, 9 1
13. 24, 5 14. 28, 22 15. 6, 7 16. } , 5
31. a. x 2 1 600x 1 80,000 b. 25 ft c. $234,375 2
5 5 1 1
32. a. 50 ft by 40 ft b. 110 ft by 90 ft 17. 2 , 2 18. 2 , 2 19. 26, 2
} } } }
2 8 2 3
Review for Mastery 1 2 2 4 1 5
20. }, } 21. 2} , } 22. 24, 2} 23. 22, }
4 3 3 5 2 3
1. (x 1 8)(x 1 2) 2. ( y 1 5)( y 1 1) 1 5 1 4
24. 2 ,
} } 25. 23, 9 26. 28, } 27. 26, }
3. (z 2 3)(z 2 4) 4. (x 1 1)(x 2 11) 2 4 2 3
5 3 5
5. ( y 2 7)( y 1 9) 6. (z 1 4)(z 2 9) 7. 6, 5 28. 21, 2 29. } , 4 30. 27, } 31. 26, 2}
3 8 4
Challenge Practice 3 1
32. 210, } 33. 21, } 34. $90 35. 3 sec
2 2
1. ( y1/3 1 4)( y1/3 1 2) 36. a. 4x 2 1 24x 1 32 b. 8 in. by 16 in.
1 1
1
2. (y 2 2)(y 1 2)( y 2 1 3) 3. } 2 9 } 1 1
y y 21 2 Practice Level C
} } } } 1. 2(x 2 9)(x 1 20) 2. 2(2m 2 3)(m 2 8)
4. 1 Ï
5
y 1 12 2 1 Ï
5
y 1 4 2 5. 1 Ï
4
y 1 11 21 Ï
4
y 1 12
3. 2(3p 1 4)(p 2 10) 4. (2r 1 5)(4r 1 3)
6. x 5 22, 2 7. x 5 22, 2, 23, 3 5. 2(b 1 3)(7b 2 2) 6. 2(y 2 3)(5y 2 3)

Algebra 1
A24 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Lesson 9.6, continued
5 3 3 1 2 2 5 1
7. 2} , } 8. 2} , 2} 9. 2} , } 10. 2} , 2} 18. (w 2 6)2 19. (m 2 4)2 20. (r 2 10)2
4 8 2 2 5 3 2 3
2 5 3 3 3 1 4 2 21. (z 1 8)2 22. (s 1 11)2 23. (x 2 8)2
11. 2} , } 12. } , } 13. 2}, } 14. 2} , }
9 7 10 4 8 2 5 3 24. (2c 1 1)2 25. (4d 1 1)2 26. (3y 2 1)2
1 5 5 7 3 11
15. }, 5 16. }, } 17. }, } 18. 22, } 27. (3p 2 2)2 28. 23, 3 29. 27 30. 5
3 8 2 10 2 10

ANSWERS
1 1 3 5 1 7 1 1 3 3
19. 2 , 2 20. 2 ,
} } } } 21. 21, } 22. 2} , 5 31. 2} , } 32. 1 33. 210 34. 2} , }
2 3 2 6 3 2 5 5 2 2
2 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 4
23. 21, } 24. 2} , } 25. } , 2 26. } , } 27. }
5 2 4 5 4 3 6 35. 2}, } 36. 22 37. a. π(x 2 y)(x 1 y)
3 3
28. 3.5 sec 29. 2 sec 30. a. h 5 216t 2 1 8t 3
b. 55π cm2 38. a. 8.36 ft b. } sec
b. 0.25 sec c. It takes the frog 0.25 second 4
to reach a height of 12 inches and it reaches 39. a. 6 ft b. about 0.79 sec
the ground at 0.5 second, so it can’t go any
higher because it will take another 0.25 second Practice Level B
to reach the ground. d. h 5 216t 2 1 8t 1 4 1. (x 2 6)(x 1 6) 2. (5p 2 12)(5p 1 12)
e. No, because the frog is higher when it jumps, it 3. 4(b 2 5)(b 1 5) 4. 9(2m 2 3)(2m 1 3)
will take the frog longer to reach the ground.
5. 22(x 2 4)(x 1 4) 6. 24(r 2 5s)(r 1 5s)
Review for Mastery 7. (y 1 12)2 8. (3c 1 4)2 9. (5w 2 2)2
1. (7a 2 1)(a 2 7) 2. (2b 2 5)(2b 1 1) 10. (4n 2 7)2 11. 22(3a 1 1)2 12. 5(2z 2 7)2
3. (6c 2 7)(c 1 2) 4. 2(3r 1 4)(r 1 1) 5 5 1
13. 27 14. 2} , } 15. } 16. 23, 3 17. 25
5. 2(3s 1 4)(s 2 4) 6. 2(4t 2 1)(2t 2 1)
2 2 8
1 5
18. 4 19. 25, 5 20. 10 21. } 22. 2}
Problem Solving Workshop: 2 3
Using Alternative Methods 3 3 3
23. 2} 24. 2} , } 25. 8 26. 3 27. 1 sec
5 8 8
1. 2.75 seconds 2. The linear term should be 28. a. 0; 3.75; 5; 3.75; 0 b. Any other values
positive in the vertical motion equation. The diver between 0 and 20 because the ladder is on the
enters the water after 2.75 seconds. ground at x 5 0 and meets the ground again at
3. 1.5 seconds 4. 1 second 5. 2 seconds x 5 20.
Challenge Practice c. y
5
1. (2y 1/3
1 1)(2y 1/3
1 5) 2. (4y 1 1)(2y 2 3)
2 2
Height (feet)

4
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

3
3 3 } }
1
3. } 1 1 } 2 5
y y 21 2 4. 1 7Ï
3
y 1 1 21 5Ï
3
y 1 12 2
1

Î Î12
} } 0
} } 2 0 5 10 15 20 x
5. 1 2Ï y 2 3 21 2Ï y 1 1 2 6. x 5 3
2} , 3
}
3 Distance from left end (feet)

Î Î}53
} }
5 1 5 49 d. 10 ft
7. x 5 2 } , 8. x 52}, 2} 9. x 5 }
3 5 3 9
} } Practice Level C
2Ï5 2Ï5
10. x 5 2}, } 1. (5x 2 9)(5x 1 9) 2. 25(3p 2 2)(3p 1 2)
5 5
3. (11w 2 25)(11w 1 25) 4. 4(3m 2 4)(3m 1 4)
Lesson 9.7 1
5. } (3r 2 1)(3r 1 1) 6. (9x 2 7y)(9x 1 7y)
Practice Level A 16
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. (x 2 1)(x 1 1) 7. 23(y 1 8)2 8. 4(n 2 5)2 9. 3(2z 1 1)2
5. (b 2 9)(b 1 9) 6. (m 2 10)(m 1 10) 10. 6(2a 2 5b)2 11. 22(3s 1 4t)2
1 1 2 8 8
7. (p 2 15)(p 1 15) 8. (2y 2 1)(2y 1 1) 12. } (5z 1 1)2 or 5 z 1 }
5 5 1
13. 2} , } 14. 29
5 5 2
9. (4n 2 5)(4n 1 5) 10. (3w 2 10)(3w 1 10) 7 7
15. 2}, }
11. (8z 2 6)(8z 1 6) 12. (7d 2 5)(7d 1 5)
2 2
11 4 3 4
13. (2r 2 11)(2r 1 11) 14. (3s 2 12)(3s 1 12) 16. 10 17. } 18. } 19. 2} 20. }
6 15 5 7
8 1 3
15. (c 2 25)(c 1 25) 16. (x 1 3)2 17. (b 1 5)2 21. 22, 2 22. } 23. 2 24.
} } 25. 90
3 5 4

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book A25
Lesson 9.7, continued

26. 140 27. 36 28. 16 29. 9 30. 28 31. 23, 1, 3 32. 22, 0, 2 33. 28, 0, 8
31. Only once, because the squirrel reaches the 34. 4(x 1 1)(x 1 2) 35. a. 8πr 2 2 72π 5 0
ground in 1 second and it takes the squirrel 0.5 b. 3 in. 36. 2 sec
second (half this time) to reach the height of 4 feet.
Practice Level B
ANSWERS

32. a. 0; 4.5; 6; 4.5; 0 b. Any other values between


0 and 80 because the bridge is on the ground at 1. (4x 2 3)(x 1 5) 2. 22(a 2 6)(a 2 3)
x 5 0 and meets the ground again at x 5 80. 3. (w 2 2 5)(w 1 8) 4. (2b2 1 3)(b 1 6)
c. y 5. (y 2 1)(x 1 15) 6. 3(x 2 2)(y 1 4)
6
7. (x 2 1 5)(x 1 1) 8. ( y 2 1 1)(y 2 14)
Height (feet)

5
4
3 9. (m2 1 2)(m 2 6) 10. ( p2 1 4)(p 1 9)
2
1 11. (t 2 2 2)(t 1 12) 12. (3n2 1 1)(n 2 1)
13. 7x 2(x 1 4) 14. 4m(m 2 2)(m 1 2)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 x
Distance from left end (feet)
15. 22p(8p2 1 1) 16. 6r 2(8r 2 5)
d. 40 ft 17. 15y(1 2 4y) 18. 6x(3y 2 4x)
Review for Mastery 19. 5(m2 1 4m 1 8) 20. 6(x 1 5)(x 2 4)
1. (m 1 11)(m 2 11) 2. (3n 2 8)(3n 1 8) 21. 4z(z 2 2)(z 1 1) 22. 9(x 3 1 4x 2 1 4)
1 2 23. (x 2 1 5)(x 1 1) 24. (d 2 1 5)(d 1 4)
3. 3( y 1 7z)( y 2 7z) 4. m 2 }
4 1 2 7 1
9 9 25. 24, 22 26. 25, 5 27. } 28. 2} , 21
5. (4r 1 5s)2 6. 9(2x 2 1)2 7. 5 8. 2}, } 2 2
4 4 4 5
29. } 30. 2} 31. 2(2x 1 3)(x 1 1)
3 3
Challenge Practice
32. a. 8πr 2 2 32π 5 0 b. 2 cm
1. (x 2 3y)2 2. (2x 2 5y)2 3. (5xy 1 4)2
33. a. h 5 216t 2 1 12t 1 4 b. 5.04 ft c. 6 ft
4. 4(x 2 10)2 5. (5x 1 13)2
d. 1 sec
Î72 1 72
}
} } 1 3 13
6. 5 2 Ï 5 , 5 1 Ï 5 7. } } } 8. 2}
2 5 Practice Level C
4 5
9. 2} 10. 2} 1. 13a(1 2 2a) 2. 15x(2y 2 3x)
7 2
3. 22(m 1 1)(m 1 7) 4. 7(2p 2 3)(p 2 1)

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


Lesson 9.8 5. r(r 1 5)2 6. 5b2(b 1 4)2 7. 4n3(n 1 6)(n 2 5)
Practice Level A 8. 7c(c 2 2)2 9. 25(2t 2 5)(t 1 3)
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. (x 1 1)(x 1 4) 10. (x 2 y)(x 1 9) 11. (x 2 2 8)(x 1 5)
5. (b 2 1)(b 1 3) 6. (2m 1 1)(m 1 1) 12. (3x 2 8y)(3x 1 8y) 13. 3x 3y(x 2 9)(x 1 9)
7. (5r 2 1)(r 1 2) 8. (w 1 3)(w 1 6) 14. 8rs4(r 2 3)(r 1 3) 15. 25x 2y(x 2 4)
9. (y 2 6)(y 1 4) 10. (n 2 7)(n 2 3) 5 1
16. 23, 21, 0 17. 22, 2 18. 2} , 0, }
3 2
11. (3z 1 8)(z 2 4) 12. (2p 2 3)(p 1 5) 15 15 1
19. 2 ,
} } 20. 2 , 0, 5 21. 26, 0
}
13. (x 1 3)(x 1 1) 14. (x 1 2)(x 2 1) 4 4 7
3 5 9 5 5
15. (x 2 1)(x 1 8) 16. (x 2 1 2)(x 2 5) 22. 22, 0, } 23. }, } 24. 2}, }
5 6 2 6 6
17. (x 2 2 6)(x 2 4) 18. (x 2 1 5)(x 1 3) 9 9
25. 2} , 0, } 26. 25, 7 27. 14
4 4
19. (x 2 1 7)(x 2 1) 20. (x 2 2 3)(x 1 3) 3 10 10
28. 2} , 0 29. 23, 9 30. 2} , 0, }
21. (x 2 2 1)(x 1 3) 22. not completely factored 5 9 9
23. completely factored 24. not completely 31. a2 2 2ab 1 b2 5 a2 2 ab 2 ab 1 b2 5
factored 25. x 3(x 2 1)(x 1 1) a(a 2 b) 2 b(a 2 b) 5 (a 2 b)(a 2 b) 5 (a 2 b)2
1
26. a2(2a 2 5)(2a 1 5) 27. 5y 4(y 2 5)(y 1 5) 32. 3(2x 2 1)(3x 1 2) 33. a. 2πr 2 2 } π 5 0
2
28. 25, 21, 5 29. 24, 21, 4 30. 22, 1, 2 1
b. } ft 34. about 11 sec
2

Algebra 1
A26 Chapter 9 Resource Book
Lesson 9.8, continued

Review for Mastery Chapter Review Game


1. (11x 1 3)(x 2 8) 2. (9x2 2 7)(x 1 1) Across 2. Perfect 4. Roots 7. Polynomial
3. (5x2 2 3y)(2x 2 7) 4. 0, 27, 3 5. 0, 26 9. Leading 11. Monomial 13. Degree
6. 0, 1, 3 14. Projectile

ANSWERS
Problem Solving Workshop: Down 1. Grouping 3. Trinomial
Mixed Problem Solving 5. FOIL pattern 6. Factoring 8. Binomial
1. a. 10. Prime 12. Vertical
h in.
1
h 2 3 in. G
h 1 12 in. 2 3
P E R F E C T R

b. h3 1 9h2 2 36h c. length: 18 inches; width:


4
R O O T S

3 inches; height: 6 inches I U


5

2. Answers will vary. 3. a. 6x 2 2 8x 2 30 6 7


F N P

F P O L Y N O M I A L
b. length: 12 inches; width: 4 inches; height: 8
A B I M N
9 inches 4. 14 feet; The zeros of the function, C
9
I
10
I L E A D N G P
0 and 14, are where the underpass touches the T N P A R
ground. The difference between the zeros is 11
M O N O M I A L L
12
V I
the width of the underpass at its base. R M T E M

5. a. h 5 216t 2 1 60t 1 4 b. 1.25 seconds and


13
I I T D E G R E E

2.5 seconds c. Yes; The ball reaches a height of N A


14
E T

54 feet on the way up and on the way down. G L P R O J E C T I L E

N
6. 0.75 second 7. a. 4x3 2 44x 2 1 117x
C
A
b. 77 cubic inches; 90 cubic inches; 63 cubic
L
inches; 20 cubic inches; 2 inches c. No; You
cannot cut two squares with a side length of 5
inches from a side of a piece of cardboard that is
9 inches.
Challenge Practice
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1. (y 1 3)(2y 1 9)(4y 1 17)


2. (y 2 3)(y 1 1)( y 2 2 2y 1 5)
3. (3x 2 5)(3x 1 1) 4. (7x 1 5)(3x 1 2)
5. 2y(y 2 2)(y 1 2)( y 2 1 4) 6. x 5 28, 21
7 3 5
7. x 5 23, 0, 3 8. x 5 2}, 2} 9. x 5 }, 6
4 2 2
1
10. x 5 } 11. 150 mi/h
3
12. t 5 1 min and t 5 3 min

Algebra 1
Chapter 9 Resource Book A27
Answers
Lesson 10.1 18. 10
y
domain: all reals;
range: y ≥ 7;
Practice Level A 6
vertical shift 7 units up
1. 2
x 22 21 0 1 2
ANSWERS

23 21 1 3 x
22
y 20 5 0 5 20
19. y
domain: all reals;
2. 3
x 22 21 0 1 2 range: y ≥ 23;
1
vertical stretch by a
y 216 24 0 24 216 23 3 x
factor of 2 and vertical
shift 3 units down
3.
x 22 21 0 1 2
20. 5 units up 21. vertically stretching; 10
y 10 7 6 7 10
22. a. 210 ≤ x ≤ 10 b. 0 ≤ y ≤ 8
4. 23. a. 26 ≤ x ≤ 6 b. 0 ≤ y ≤ 2
x 22 21 0 1 2
Practice Level B
y 24 27 28 27 24 1.
x 22 21 0 1 2
5. C 6. B 7. A
8. y
domain: all reals; y 36 9 0 9 36
5
range: y ≥ 0;
2.
3
vertical stretch by x 22 21 0 1 2
a factor of 5
23 21 1 3 x
y 220 25 0 25 220
21

3.
9. y
domain: all reals; x 24 22 0 2 4
1 range: y ≤ 0; y 41 11 1 11 41
23
21
3 x vertical shrink by
1
a factor of }3 and 4.
x 216 28 0 8 16

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


23
reflection in x-axis
y 234 210 22 210 234
10. y
domain: all reals;
23 21 1 3 x
range: y ≤ 0; 5.
x 22 21 0 1 2
vertical stretch by
a factor of 6 and y 213 21 3 21 213
reflection in x-axis
6.
x 22 21 0 1 2
11. (0, 8); x 5 0 12. (0, 24); x 5 0
13. (0, 21.5); x 5 0 14. A 15. C 16. B y 19 1 25 1 19
17. 1
y
domain: all reals; 7. F 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. E
range: y ≥ 25;
23 21 1 3 x
13. shift the graph 8 units down 14. shift the
21
vertical shift 5 units down
graph 4 units up and reflect over x-axis
23
15. stretch vertically by a factor of 2 and shift
3 units up 16. stretch vertically by a factor of 5,
reflect in x-axis, and shift 1 unit up

Algebra 1
A28 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Lesson 10.1, continued
1
17. shrink vertically by a factor of } and shift Practice Level C
2
2 units down 18. shrink vertically by a factor 1.
x 22 21 0 1 2
3
of }4 , reflect over x-axis, and shift 5 units up
y 36 6 24 6 36

ANSWERS
19. y
domain: all reals;
range: y ≥ 9; 2.
vertical shift 9 units up x 22 21 0 1 2
3
y 23 1.5 3 1.5 23
29 23 3 9 x
23

3. 3
y
domain: all reals;
20. 3
y
domain: all reals; range: y ≥ 2;
range: y ≤ 0; 1
vertical shrink by a
1 23 21 1 3 x 1
vertical shrink by a factor 21 factor of }6 and vertical
23 3 x 1
21 of }5 and reflection in x-axis 23 shift 2 units up
23

4. 2
y
domain: all reals;
21. 3
y
domain: all reals; 23 21 1 3 x
range: y ≤ 23;
range: y ≤ 0; 22
vertical stretch by a factor
1
vertical stretch by a factor of 4, reflection in x-axis, and
23 21 1 3 x 3
of }2 and reflection in x-axis shift 3 units down
23

5. y
domain: all reals;
22. y
domain: all reals; 7
1
6
range: y ≥ 2}2 ;
23 21
range: y ≥ 23.5;
21
1 3 x 2 vertical stretch by a factor
vertical shift 3.5 units down 23 21 1 3 x 7
of 9 and vertical shift }2
units down
25

6. 5
y
domain: all reals;
23. y
domain: all reals; 1
range: y ≥ }5 ;
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

9
range: y ≥ 29; 3

3 vertical shrink by a factor


vertical stretch by a factor 1 3 1
29 23 3 9 x
of 2 and shift 9 units down 23 21 1 3 x
of }5 and vertical shift }5
21
unit up
29

7. y
domain: all reals;
24. 3
y
domain: all reals; 3 range: y ≤ 4;
range: y ≤ 2; 1
vertical shrink by a factor
vertical stretch by a factor 1
23 21
21 1 x of }2 , reflection in x-axis,
1 3 x 21
of 5, reflection in x-axis, and
and vertical shift 4 units up
vertical shift 2 units up
8. y
domain: all reals;
25. a. 218 ≤ x ≤ 18 b. 0 ≤ y ≤ 20
30
3
range: y ≥ }4 ;
26. a. y b. 0 ≤ t ≤ 2.5; 18
vertical stretch by a factor
100
0 ≤ y ≤ 100
Height (feet)

80 6 3
of 6 and vertical shift }4
60
c. 84 ft 23 21
26
1 3 x
40
unit up
20 d. about 1.8 sec
0
0 1 2 t
e. 2.5 sec
Time (seconds)

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book A29
Lesson 10.1, continued

9. 15
y
domain: all reals; c. The second graph is a transformation of the first
2 graph. The first graph has been reflected in the
9
range: y ≥ 2}3 ;
x-axis and shifted 20 units up to obtain the second
vertical stretch by a factor
3 2 graph. For the first graph, find the value of t when
of 4 and vertical shift }3 y 5 8. For the second graph, find the value of t
ANSWERS

23 21 1 3 x
23
unit down when y 5 12.
10. 2
y
domain: all reals; Review for Mastery
1
23 21 1 3 x range: y ≤ 2}2 ; 1. 3
y

vertical stretch by a factor 1


26
of 2, reflection in x-axis, and 23 21 1 3 x
210 1
vertical shift }2 unit down

11. y
domain: all reals;
Both graphs have the same vertex, (0, 0), and the
range: y ≤ 15;
5 same axis of symmetry, x 5 0. However, the graph
vertical stretch by a factor
23 21 1 3 x of y 5 28x 2 is narrower than the graph of y 5 x 2
25 of 5, reflection in x-axis,
and it opens down. This is because the graph of
and vertical shift 15 units up
215 y 5 28x 2 is a vertical stretch (by a factor of 8) of
the graph of y 5 x 2 and a reflection in the x-axis
12. shift the graph of f 8 units down 13. shift of the graph of y 5 x 2.
the graph of f 5 units down 14. shift the graph of
f 4 units down 15. shift the graph of f 16 units up 2. Both graphs have the
y

5 same vertex, (0, 0),


16. stretch the graph of f vertically by a factor of 3
3
and the same axis of
1
17. shrink the graph of f vertically by a factor of } symmetry, x 5 0. Both
2 1
graphs open upward.
y y
18. 19. 23 21 1 3 x
However, the graph of
y5 2x 2 11
10 1 2
y 5 }7 x is wider than the graph of y 5 x 2. This is
23 3 x
y 5 x2 1 6 21 1
because the graph of y 5 }7 x 2 is a vertical shrink
23
1 by a factor of }17 2 of the graph of y 5 x2.
2

23 21 1 3 x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


y
3. 3
y
20. 6
1
2
23 3 x
21
23 21 1 3 x
22
y 5 x2 2 4 23
26
Both graphs have the same vertex, (0, 0), and the
21. a. w b. about 1.5 in. same axis of symmetry, x 5 0. However, the graph
Weight (pounds)

100,000 1
80,000 of y 5 2}3 x 2 is wider than the graph of y 5x 2
60,000
40,000 and it opens down. This is because the graph of
1 1
y 5 2}3 x 2 is a vertical shrink 1 by a factor of }3 2 of
20,000
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 d
Diameter (inches) the graph of y 5 x 2 and a reflection in the x-axis
of the graph of y 5 x 2.
22. a. y b. y
20 20
Distance (feet)

Height (feet)

16 16
12 12
8 8
4 4
0 0
0 0.4 0.8 t 0 0.4 0.8 t
Time (seconds) Time (seconds)

Algebra 1
A30 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Lesson 10.1, continued

4. y
Lesson 10.2
3
Practice Level A
1
1. a 5 7, b 5 2, c 5 11 2. a 5 3, b 5 25, c 5 1
23 21 1 3 x
21
3. a 5 4, b 5 2, c 5 22 4. a 5 23, b 5 9,

ANSWERS
1
c 5 4 5. a 5 }2, b 5 21, c 5 25 6. a 5 21,
Both graphs have the same axis of symmetry, b 5 7, c 5 26 7. upward; x 5 0 8. downward;
x 5 0, and both open up. However, the graph of x 5 0 9. upward; x 5 23 10. upward; x 5 2
y 5 x 2 2 3 has a lower vertex than the graph of 11. upward; x 5 21 12. downward; x 5 4
y 5 x 2. This is because the graph of y 5 x 2 2 3 is 3 7
a vertical translation (3 units down) of the graph 13. upward; x 5 2} 14. downward; x 5 }
2 2
of y 5 x 2. 15. upward; x 5 21 16. (0, 5) 17. (0, 3)
5. y
18. (25, 222) 19. (2, 2) 20. (21, 22)
5 1 9 1 11 1 3
3
1
21. (2, 5) 22. }, } 23. 2}, } 24. }, }
2 2 2 4 2 4 2 1 2 1 2
25.
1 x 1 2 3 4 5
23 21 1 3 x
y 3 0 21 0 3
Both graphs open up, and have the same axis
of symmetry, x 5 0. However, the graph of 26.
1 x 4 5 6 7 8
y 5 }4 x 2 1 2 is wider than the graph of y 5 x 2,
and has a higher vertex. This is because the y 27 30 31 30 27
1
graph of y 5 }4 x 2 1 2 is a vertical shrink
27.
1 x 23 22 21 0 1
1 2
by a factor of }4 and a vertical translation (2 units
up) of the graph of y 5 x 2. y 23 2 25 2 23
y
6. 28.
3
x 23 22 21 0 1
1
y 25 1 3 1 25
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

23 21 1 3 x

29. C 30. B 31. A


y y
32. 2
33.
Both graphs have the same axis of symmetry, 10
1 23 21 1 3 x
x 5 0. However, the graph of y 5 2}2 x 2 2 1 is 22
6 (0, 7)
(0, 26)
wider than the graph of y 5 x 2, opens down and
2 x 50
has a lower vertex. This is because the graph of 210
23 21 1 3 x
1 1 x 50 22
y 5 2}2 x 2 2 1 is a vertical shrink 1 by a factor of }2 2,
y y
a reflection in the x-axis, and a vertical translation 34. 7
35.
22 2 6 10 x
of the graph of y 5 x 2. 5
22

26
Challenge Practice (21, 4)
3
x 54

1. y 5 3x 1 4 2. y 5 22x 1 1
2 2
x 5 21
210
1
3. y 5 4x 2 2 10 25 23 1 3 x
214
(4, 215)
1
4. y 5 2x 1 5 5. y 5 2} x 2 1 2
2
2
6. 1 kilogram 7. about 5.2 3 1027 kilograms
8. 1 3 1010 meters per second
9. about 1 3 1029 kilograms 10. 3.125 kilograms
Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book A31
Lesson 10.2, continued
y y y
36. 37. (22, 7)
7 23. 5 24. 5
y
23 21 1 3 x x50
21
1 215 25 5 15 x
x5 25
4
x 5 22 (0, 210) (0, 3)
23
x50
( 1
4
, 2
23
8 ) 3 1
ANSWERS

23 21 1 3 x
1 21
27
23 21 x

38. minimum value; 27 39. maximum value; 9


y y
25. 3 x5
1 26. 3
2
1
40. minimum value; 22 x5 25
1 ( 1 3
,
2 2 ) 1
41. 10 ft 42. 3.5 ft 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x

Practice Level B (1 1
25, 25 )
3
1. a 5 6, b 5 3, c 5 5 2. a 5 }, b 5 21, c 5 8
2
3. a 5 7, b 5 23, c 5 21 4. a 5 22, b 5 9,
y y
27. 28. 2
23 21 1 3 x
21
3 1 22 2 6 10 x
c 5 0 5. a 5 }4 , b 5 0, c 5 210 6. a 5 28, x5 4 22
23

b 5 3, c 5 27 7. upward; x 5 0; (0, 25) ( 1


4
31
,2 8 ) 26
x54

3 210
8. downward; x 5 0; (0, 9) 9. downward; x 5 }; (4, 211)
2
3 23
1 2 2 2
} , } 10. upward; x 5 2; (2, 211) 29. (28, 35)
y
30. x 5 26 y
2

210 22 x
11. upward; x 5 21; (21, 25) 12. downward; x 5 28
10
7 7 119 33
x 5 4}; 1 }4, 2} 13. upward; x 5 25; 1 25, 2} 2
8 2
230 10 x
2
210
14. downward; x 5 0; (0, 224) 15. downward; (26, 210)

3 3 5 1 1 8
x 5 }2; 1 }2, 2}4 2 16. upward; x 5 }3 ; 1 }3, }3 2 31. (2 4 10
,
3 3 ) y

7
17. downward; x 5 };
4 1 }74, }
57
82
1

1 1 16 25 x
18. upward; x 5 2};
3 1 2}3, 2} 32
21

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


4
x 5 2 3 23
19. vertex: (5, 222)

x 3 4 5 6 7 32. minimum; 240 33. maximum; 3


7
y 218 221 222 221 218 34. minimum; } 35. 12 ft 36. 24 in.
2

20. vertex: (3, 7) Practice Level C


x 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 23 2
1. downward; x 5 }; }, } 2. upward; x 5 };
2 2 4 5 1 2
y 3 6 7 6 3 2 3 1 1 23
1 2
}, } 3. upward; x 5 }; }, } 4. downward;
5 5 8 8 8 1 2
1 1 9
13
21. vertex: 1, } 1 2 1 2
x 5 }2; }2, }4 5. upward; x 5 0; (0, 29)
2 x 21 0 1 2 3 1 1 14
17 13 17
6. downward; x 5 }; }, 2} 7. upward;
5 5 5 1 2
y } 7 } 7 }
2 2 2 x 5 8; (8, 28) 8. downward; x 5 0; (0, 7)
3
9. downward; x 5 1; (1, 11) 10. upward; x 5 };
2
22. vertex: (3, 0)
x 1 2 3 4 5 1 }32, 21 2 11. upward; x 5 21; (21, 28)
4 1 1 4 2 2 22
y }
3
}
3
0 }
3
}
3
12. downward; x 5 }; }, 2}
3 3 3 1 2

Algebra 1
A32 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Lesson 10.2, continued

13. vertex: (4, 1) 27. minimum; 236 28. maximum; 101


x 2 3 4 5 6
29. minimum; 217 30. a. lamp A: 25 mm;
5 5 lamp B: 20 mm b. 5 mm 31. 6 ft; Find the
y 2 }
4
1 }
4
2
maximum of the top part of the window and

ANSWERS
subtract 1.5 from the result.
14. vertex: (2, 9)
x 0 1 2 3 4 Review for Mastery
13 13 1. x 5 22: (22, 211) 2. x 5 6: (6, 231)
y 21 }
2
9 }
2
21
3. minimum value; 219
4. y
y
15. 5
16.
x50 x52
6
215 25 5 15 x
25
2 (2, 3)
(0, 215) (0, 8)
215 6
22 6 x
x50
2

26 22 2 6 x Problem Solving Workshop:


Worked Out Example
y
17. y
( , 4)
1 18. (0, 20)
2 1. about 215 feet 2. 28 feet 3. 8 feet
3
4. about 2.54 feet
5
Challenge Practice
23 21 1 3 x 215 15 x
x5
1
2 x50 1. y 5 2x 2 2 3x 1 1 2. y 5 2x 2 2 x 1 4
3. y 5 x 2 2 2x 1 3 4. y 5 x 2 2 4x 1 4
y y x53
5. y 5 23x 2 1 6x 1 9 6. f (x) 5 x 2 2 3x 1 2
19. 20.
5 20
(3, 23) 7. f (x) 5 22x 2 1 3x 1 5
x51
3 12
8. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 5x 2 7
9. f (x) 5 26x 2 1 5x 2 1
1 4

23 21 3 x 212 24 4 12 x 10. f (x) 5 3x 2 2 19x 1 6


21 24
(1, 21)
Focus On 10.2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

y x53 y
21. 22.
x54
30
(3, )
53
2
Practice
10
18 1. 
Y
domain: all real numbers;
   
6
(4, 6) /  X
range: y ≥ 29
6
2
218 26 18 x
26
26 22 2 6 10 x
 
y y
23. 14
24. 6 x5
9
2
X 

10
26 22
26
2 6 10 x 2. 
Y
domain: all real numbers;
   
/  X
range: y ≥ 28
6 (1, 7) 218

x51
2 230

26 22 2 6 x ( 9
2
, 2
127
4 )  
X 
y y
25. 26. (225, 255)
30 3. X  Y domain: all real numbers;
215 25 5 15 x  
range: y ≤ 4
50 
   
2150 /  X
x 5 210 50 150 x
x 5 225
(210, 2179)

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book A33
Lesson 10.2, continued

4. Y X  domain: all real numbers; 2. Y domain: all real numbers;


  
range: y ≤ 4     range: y ≥ 236
 /  X
 X 
   
/  X
ANSWERS

 

5. Y
domain: all real numbers; 3. y domain: all real numbers;
range: y ≥ 0 (2, 0) O 1 (2, 0) x range: y ≥ 212
2

x 0


 
X  /  X
(0, 12)
6. 
Y domain: all real numbers;
 
/ 
 
X
range: y ≥ 245 4. Y   domain: all real numbers;
range: y ≤ 12
X 

X 
  
   
/  X
7. Y
domain: all real numbers;

X 
 
range: y ≤ 0
/  X Lesson 10.3
Practice Level A
1. x 2 1 3x 1 12 5 0 2. x 2 2 8x 2 14 5 0

8. Y
domain: all real numbers; 3. x 2 2 9x 1 1 5 0 4. x 2 1 10x 2 6 5 0

    25
range: y ≥ 2} 1
/  X
2 5. x 2 1 3x 2 14 5 0 6. }x 2 1 3x 1 7 5 0

2
X  
7. not a solution 8. solution 9. solution
 
 
 
10. solution 11. not a solution 12. not a
solution 13. no solution 14. 22, 2 15. 23, 21

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


9. Y X 
domain: all real numbers; 16. 24, 4 17. no solution 18. 24, 2
 
range: y ≤ 45 19. y
20. y

15 5

 9 3
   
/  X
1

10. a. 23 and 1; b. 21; c. y 5 2(x + 3)(x 2 1) 23 21 1 3 x 23 21 1 3 x


1 1
11. y 5 2} (x 2 0)(x 2 50) no solution 21, 2}2
25
Review for Mastery y y
21. 22. 3
1. Y   domain: all real numbers; 6
29 3 9 x
range: y ≤ 18
X 
2 x
22

    215
/  X

26, 22 23, 5

Algebra 1
A34 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Lesson 10.3, continued

23. 3
y
24. y
15. 10
y
16. 5
y

3
23 21 1 3 x 25 5 15 x
6 25
1
29 2 215
21 x
21

ANSWERS
22 6 x
215 22 225

no solution 23, 1 2, 5 0, 10
25. 5
y
26. y
17. 10
y
18. 3
y

215 15 x 29 23 9 x
3 6 23

29 9 x
23 2 29

26 22 2 6 x
29 22 215

25, 5 23, 3 3 3, 6
27. y
3
28. 4
y
19. 2
y
20. y

30
2 x 26 22 2 6 x
1 22

23 21 1 3 x
212

23 220 210
218 26 6 18 x

22, 0 22, 6 no zeros 26


29. 50
y
30. y
21. y
22. 10
y
22 2 6 x 218 26 6 18 x
212 212
22 2 6 x
30 210
236
10 230
x
260
26 22 2
210

28, 5 0, 10 212, 0 27, 7


31. a. y b. 0 ≤ x ≤ 16; 23. 3
y
24. y
26 22 6 x
12
0 ≤ y ≤ 12
2
22
Height (inches)

10
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

8
c. 16 in. 23 3 x
6
21
4 d. 12 in.
2
23
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 x
Width (inches) 21, 1 24, 0
Practice Level B 25. a. h h 5 216t 2 1 10t 1 50
b. about 2.1 sec
50
Height (feet)

1. not a solution 2. not a solution 40


30
3. not a solution 4. solution 5. not a solution 20
10
6. solution 7. 24 8. 26, 6 9. 28, 3 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 t
10. 26, 25 11. 25, 5 12. no solution Time (seconds)

13. y
14. y
26. a. h
3
h 5 216t 2 1 3t 1 1.3
1.4
1 1.2
Height (feet)

1.0
23 3 x
0.8
22 2 x
22 0.6
23 0.4
0.2
0
26, 0 21, 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 t
Time (seconds)

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book A35
Lesson 10.3, continued

b. about 0.39 sec 13. y


14. 1
y

3
c. about 0.34 sec 23 3 x
21
1
Practice Level C
23 21 1 x
y y
1. 2.
ANSWERS

6
1

23 21
21
1 3 x
2
20.2, 2.7 21.3, 1.3
26 22 2 6 x
22 15. y

23 21 1 3 x
22, 2 24, 1
y y
3. 5
4.
20
210 22 x
25
20.7, 1.4
215 16. 4.5 in. 17. 1.9 ft 18. 9.9 cm
4

2 6 x
19. a. h h 5 216t2 1 5t 1 2.5;
2.5
First, write 30 inches

Height (feet)
27 22, 8 2.0

y y
1.5 in feet and then use
5. 6. 1.0
25 15
0.5
the vertical motion
9 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 t
model.
Time (seconds)
3

215 25 5 15 x 25 23 21 x b. 1 ft
25 23

c. about 0.6 sec


25 25, 23
7. y
8. y 20. a. h h 5 216t2 1 50t 1 6
Height (feet)

3 40
4 30
1 20
26 2 x
10
23 21 1 3 x
21 0
0 1 2 3 t
212
Time (seconds)
23

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


no solution 22, 6 b. about 3.2 sec

9. y
10. y c. about 3.1 sec; Determine t when y 5 5.
25
4
Review for Mastery
1 3 x
1. 23, 5 2. 22 3. about 25.2, about 20.8
5

215 15 x
212 4. 22, 2 5. 27, 2

Challenge Practice
25, 5 21, 5
1. y 2. 10
y 1
y 5 2 x2 2 1
y y
11. 30
12. 14
2 6
18 10
23 1 3 x
2 1
y 5 22 x2 1 8
6
22 2 6 10 x
22
23 21 1 x
26 y5 2x 2 15 y 5 3x 2 1 1
26
23 21
24, 2 21, 2 1 3 x

(22, 13), (2, 13) 1 23, }72 2, 1 3, }72 2

Algebra 1
A36 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Lesson 10.3, continued

3. y
4. 9
y
8. 23.32, 3.32 9. no solution 10. 24.12, 4.12
7
11. 22.45, 2.45 12. 6.27, 9.73 13. 211.45,
7
5 26.55 14. 0.26, 7.74 15. 210.46, 23.54
7
y 5 x2 1 2
16. 22.32, 10.32 17. 23.16, 3.16
5
3

ANSWERS
1

1
y 5 2x 2 2 2
y 5 x2 1 x 1 3
18. 21, 1 19. 23, 3 20. 226, 34
21 1 3 5 x y 5 2x 2 1 4x 1 3 21. 21.03, 1.03 22. 27, 1 23. 28, 12
23 21 1 3 5 x
24. 26, 16 25. 1, 13 26. 22, 4 27. 28, 0
15 15
1 22, }2
, 2, }
2 21 2 (23, 9), (0, 3) 28. about 12 cm 29. about 64 ft/sec
y
5. Review for Mastery
11 11
3 y5 2x 2 1 3x 1 1 1. 23, 3 2. 22, 2 3. no solution 4. 2}, }
6 6
1 y 5 22x 2 2 3x 1 1 15 15
5. 0 6. 2}, } 7. 21.73, 1.73
21
21
1 3 5 x 2 2
8. 22.24, 2.24 9. 21.12, 1.12
23
10. 21.83, 3.83 11. 21, 27 12. 2.17, 7.83

Problem Solving Workshop:


1 2}32, 1 2, (0, 1) Mixed Problem Solving
6. The baseball hits the fence. 7. The baseball 1. a. 1994 b. $3,582,000 2. a. 4
hits the ground before reaching the fence. b. 48 square inches 3. Yes; The vertex, which
8. The baseball goes over the fence. is a maximum, of the parabola occurs at around 1
year after 1998, or 1999. 4. Answers will vary.
Lesson 10.4
5. 45 6. a. h 5 216t2 1 25t 1 6
Practice Level A b. h 5 216t 2 1 30t 1 5.5 c. The second throw
1. 7 2. 15 3. 10 4. x 2 5 2 5. x 2 5 3 is in the air longer. Find the x-intercept of the
graph of each equation. The second
6. x 2 5 4 7. 26, 6 8. 23, 3 9. 22, 2
equation has a larger x-intercept. 7. 4
10. 23, 3 11. 23, 3 12. 0, 4 13. 2.24
8. a. R 5 25n 2 160n 1 800 b. 980
14. 3.16 15. 3.46 16. 22.83, 2.83 c. The T-shirts should be sold for $14 each. The
17. 21.73, 1.73 18. 21.41, 1.41 19. 5 m
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

maximum occurs at an x-coordinate of 6, which


20. 11 in. 21. about 9.59 cm means that there should be six $1 increases on the
22. about 5.96 knots 23. 6 in., 7 in., 10 in.
price of a T-shirt. Since the price was $8, you need
to add $6 to this.
Practice Level B
Challenge Practice
1. 22, 2 2. 24, 4 3. 26, 6 4. 27, 7
9 1
5. 25, 5 6. 29, 9 7. 25, 5 8. 23, 3 1. x 5 212, x 5 6 2. x 5 2}, x 5 2}
2 2
9. 21, 1 10. 22.83, 2.83 11. 21.73, 1.73 1 1
3. x 5 24 4. x 5 2}, x 5 }
2 6
12. no solution 13. 22.24, 2.24 14. 0
13 3
15. 22.45, 2.45 16. 24.12, 4.12 17. 22.5, 2.5 5. x 5 2}, x 5 2} 6. 20 min 7. 12 min
7 7
18. no solution 19. 0.76, 5.24 20. 25.16, 1.16 8. 32 min
21. 1.55, 6.45 22. 13 m 23. about 6.16 in.
24. about 13.42 cm 25. about 3 in. Lesson 10.5
26. 5 ft, 8 ft, 10 ft Practice Level A
Practice Level C 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. (x 1 1)2 5. (x 2 7)2

1. 23, 3 2. 27, 7 3. 24, 4 4. 22, 2 6. (x 1 9)2 7. (x 2 2)2 8. (x 1 11)2

5. 26, 6 6. 28, 8 7. 22.24, 2.24

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book A37
Lesson 10.5, continued

9. (x 2 12)2 10. 25; (x 2 5)2 11. 16; (x 2 4)2 Review for Mastery
2 2 81 9 2 121 11 2
12. 9; (x 2 3) 13. 121; (x 1 11)
4 1
1. }; x 2 }
2
2. }; x 1 }
4 2 2 1 2
14. 36; (x 2 6)2 15. 100; (x 1 10)2
3. 64; (x 2 8)2 4. 20.80, 8.80
16. 225; (x 2 15)2 17. 169; (x 1 13)2
ANSWERS

5. 20.26, 211.74 6. 13.71, 0.29


9 3 2
18. 400; (x 1 20)2 19. } ; x 1 }
4 2 1 2 Challenge Practice
121 11 2 49 7 2
20. } ; x 1 }
4 2 1 2
21. } ; x 2 }
4 2 1 2 1. 14 and 16 2. 11 and 13 3. 23 and 24
4. 14 and 15 5. 17
22. 26.32, 0.32 23. 210.10, 0.10
} }
24. 20.65, 4.65 25. a. 64 5 216t 2 1 64t 1 32 2b 2 Ï b2 128 2b 1 Ïb2 128
6. x 5 }}, x 5 }}
2 2
b. about 0.59 sec, about 3.41 sec } }
5 2 Ï37 2 4c 5 1 Ï37 2 4c
c. 32 5 216t 2 1 64t 1 32; 0 sec; 4 sec 7. x 5 }}, x 5 }}
2 2
} }
26. a. 4 ft b. 152 ft2; Subtract the interior area, 2b 2 Ï b2 2 4c 2b 1 Ï b2 2 4c
28 square feet, from the total area, 12(15) 5 180 8. x 5 }}, x 5 }}
2 2
} }
square feet. 2
2b 2 Ï b 2 4ac 2b 1 Ï b2 2 4ac
9. x 5 }}, x 5 }}
2a 2a
Practice Level B
10. 17 feet wide by 35 feet long 11. 2.08 sec
1. 36; (x 1 6)2 2. 625; (x 1 25)2
3. 169; (x 2 13)2 4. 81; (x 2 9)2 Focus On 10.5
169 13 2 81 9 2
5. }; x 1 }
4 2 1 2 1
6. }; x 2 }
4 2 2 Practice
Y Y
121 11 2 1 1 2 1. 2.
7. }; x 2 }
4 2 1
8. }; x 1 }
16 4 2 1 2 X  X 

9 3 2
9. }; x 2 }
25 1 5 2
10. 26.16, 0.16 /  X


/  X
11. 26.12, 2.12 12. 21.32, 11.32    
13. 29.10, 1.10 14. 21.83, 3.83 Y Y
3. X  4.
15. 21.55, 13.55 16. 23.56, 0.56   X 
 

17. 25.54, 0.54 18. 20.62, 1.62 19. 6

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


/  X

20. 5 21. about 272 mi by about 383 mi
X
22. about 4.05 sec 23. a. l 1 2w 5 60;
/ 

lw 5 400 b. 20 ft by 20 ft, 40 ft by 10 ft Y Y
5. 6.
X   
Practice Level C
1 1 2
1. 3.24; (x 1 1.8)2 2. }; x 2 }
64 8 1 2 

/  X


/  X
1 1 2
9 1
3. }; x 1 }
3 2
4. 20.5, 3.5 5. 210.65, 20.35 X 
 
6. 22.67, 3 7. 20.82, 9.82 8. 0.21, 4.79
7. y 5 2(x 2 3)2 2 16 
Y
9. 26.89, 20.11 10. 21.27, 6.27
/  X
11. 217.66, 20.34 12. 0.76, 13.24
13. 28.89, 20.11 14. 21.05, 6.05
15. 22.08, 1.08 16. about 4.71 ft 17. 6  
X 
18. 216, 215 19. about 39 mi/h
20. a. l 1 2w 5 100; lw 5 1000
b. about 27.6 ft by 36.2 ft, about 72.4 ft by 13.8 ft

Algebra 1
A38 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Lesson 10.5, continued

8. y 5 24(x + 1)2 1 20; ( 1, 20) y 21. no solution


22. a. 300 5 1.55x 2 2 5.1x 1 197; 2000
b. 237 5 1.55x2 2 5.1x 1 197; 1997
x  1
4
23. a. 73 5 20.31x 2 1 3.8x 1 61.6; 2000, 2002

ANSWERS
O 1 x
b.
1 74 74
9. y 5 }(x 2 2)2 2 3;

Millions of acres

Millions of acres
Y
2 X   70 70
66 66

62 62
/  X X=5.3191489 Y=73.0418 X=7.0212766 Y=72.9984
58 58

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
  
Years since 1995 Years since 1995
3 1 2
10. y 5 } x 2 } 2 1
2 2 1 2
Practice Level B
3
11. y 5 2}(x 2 16)2 1 12 1. 213.10, 6.10 2. 22.15, 2.48 3. 21.82, 2.07
64
4. 23.73, 20.27 5. 23, 4 6. 22.61, 1.28
Review for Mastery
7. 24.61, 21.39 8. 213.44, 7.44
1. X   Y 2. Y X  
3 1

9. 22.11, 2.36 10. 21.45, 1.25 11. 2}, }
2 3
 X  
 12. no solution 13. Sample answer: Use finding
 X square roots because the equation can be written in
the form x 2 5 d. 14. Sample answer: Use finding
   
square roots because the equation can be written in
the form x 2 5 d. 15. Sample answer: Use
3. y 5 22(x + 2)2 1 1; X   Y
factoring because the equation is easily factored.
  
 16. Sample answer: Use factoring because the
 X equation is easily factored.
17. Sample answer: Use the quadratic formula
because the equation cannot be factored easily.
18. Sample answer: Use the quadratic formula
4. y 5 2(x + 1)2 2 3; 1 y
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

x 
because the equation cannot be factored easily.
1 19. 22.24, 2.24 20. 8 21. 24.70, 1.70
1 x 22. 7 23. 27.80, 1.80 24. no solution
25. a. 500 5 1.36x 2 1 27.8x 1 304; 1995
( 1,  3)
b. 575 5 1.36x 2 1 27.8x 1 304; 1997
26. a. 80 5 20.27x 2 1 3.3x 1 77; 1998
Lesson 10.6
b. 95
Number of eggs

90
Practice Level A
(billions)

85
80
1. a 5 5, b 5 7, c 5 1 2. a 5 2, b 5 26, 75
70
c 5 11 3. a 5 21, b 5 17, c 5 223 4. a 5 10, 65
X=1.0425532 Y=80.146958

b 5 28, c 5 213 5. a 5 23, b 5 1, c 5 22


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6. a 5 5, b 5 218, c 5 23 7. B 8. C 9. A Years since 1997
3
10. 27.36, 1.36 11. 21.61, 5.61 12. 21, }
5 Practice Level C
13. 27.74, 20.26 14. 29.90, 20.10
1 1 1
1 1. 2}, 2} 2. }, 1 3. 21.10, 0.10
15. no solution 16. 22, } 17. no solution 3 5 2
3
1 4. 21.90, 7.90 5. 20.27, 2.77 6. 23.30, 0.30
18. 0.42, 3.58 19. no solution 20. }, 2
3 7. 20.30, 3.30 8. 4.35, 9.65 9. 20.87, 3.67

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book A39
Lesson 10.6, continued

10. no solution 11. 20.34, 0.80 Lesson 10.7


12. 21.78, 0.28 13. Sample answer: Use
Practice Level A
factoring because the equation is easily factored.
1. a 5 2, b 5 1, c 5 210 2. a 5 4, b 5 25,
14. Sample answer: Use the quadratic formula
c 5 2 3. a 5 1, b 5 28, c 5 11 4. a 5 21,
ANSWERS

because the equation cannot be factored easily.


b 5 6, c 5 23 5. a 5 21, b 5 23, c 5 12
15. Sample answer: Use the quadratic formula
6. a 5 3, b 5 24, c 5 15 7. 215 8. 223
because the equation cannot be factored easily.
9. 44 10. 4 11. 279 12. 52 13. 84
16. 22.45, 2.45 17. no solution 18. 23.30, 0.30
14. 2271 15. 105 16. no solution
19. no solution 20. 27.36, 1.36 21. no solution
3 3 17. two solutions 18. two solutions
22. 2} , } 23. 23 24. 217, 21
2 2 19. two solutions 20. two solutions
25. a. 1992 21. two solutions 22. two solutions
b. 1999 23. no solution 24. one solution 25. two
c. 40
Billions of dollars

26. two 27. two 28. none 29. none


30
20 30. one 31. a. 155 5 2x 2 1 5x 1 150
10 b. discriminant: 5 > 0 c. about 1.4 ft; about 3.6 ft
X=2.6808511 Y=20.149205
0
32. 15 5 216t 2 1 20t 1 5.5; no
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Years since 1990
Practice Level B
26. a. 1994 1. no solution 2. two solutions 3. two solutions

b. 14
4. no solution 5. two solutions 6. two solutions
Billions of dollars

12
10 7. two solutions 8. no solution 9. two solutions
8
6 10. no solution 11. two solutions
4
X=4.0851064 Y=7.0589632
2 12. one solution 13. two 14. two 15. two
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 16. none 17. two 18. two 19. one 20. none
Years since 1990
21. none 22. two 23. one 24. two
Review for Mastery 25. Answers will vary. 26. Answers will vary.
1. 21.07, 13.07 2. 2.72, 20.52 3. 20.93, 0.60

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


27. Answers will vary. 28. Answers will vary.
4. 2005 5. factor or complete the square 29. Answers will vary. 30. Answers will vary.
6. quadratic formula 7. complete the square 31. a. 150 5 2x 2 1 x 1 156
Problem Solving Workshop: b. discriminant: 25 > 0 c. 3 ft 32. no
Using Alternative Methods Practice Level C
1. 2001 2. The steps taken are to find the zero 1. no solution 2. two solutions 3. no solution
of the function and not when 50 million cassettes 4. two solutions 5. no solution
were shipped. There were 50 million cassettes
6. two solutions 7. one solution 8. no solution
shipped in 2001. 3. 1.1 seconds 4. 2000
9. two solutions 10. two 11. two 12. none
Challenge Practice
13. two 14. one 15. two 16. two 17. two
3 7 41
1. } x 2 1 4x 1 1 5 0 2. } x 2 1 6x 1 } 5 0 18. two 19. Answers will vary.
2 2 14
3 2 1 15 2 134 20. Answers will vary. 21. Answers will vary.
3. } x 2 x 1 } 5 0 4. } x 117x 1 } 5 0
2 6 2 15 22. Answers will vary. 23. Answers will vary.
11 2 5
5. } x 2 11x 1 5 5 0 6. x 5 2} 24. Answers will vary. 25. below; the graph
2 6
1 opens upward and the discriminant is positive
7. x 5 1 8. x 5 2}
12

Algebra 1
A40 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Lesson 10.7, continued

26. on the x-axis; the graph opens upward and 18. quadratic 19. quadratic 20. a. quadratic
the discriminant is 0 27. above; the graph opens b. no; The salaries should not continue to fall; at
upward and the discriminant is negative some point they would rise. 21. linear
28. a. h 5 216t 2 1 42t b. yes; at about 0.9 sec; Practice Level B

ANSWERS
at about 1.7 sec 29. a. yes b. yes; First write
1. B 2. C 3. A
5 square feet as 720 square inches, substitute 720
y y
for y in the equation and solve. 4. 20
5.
3
Review for Mastery 12
1
1. two solutions 2. no solution 3. one solution 4
23 21 1 x
21
4. 2 5. 0 6. 1 23 21 1 3 x
24

Challenge Practice exponential quadratic


1 40 6. y
7. y
1. k 5 22, k 5 2 2. k 5 } 3. k 5 }, k 5 0 1
4 3 12
29 23 3 x
1 9 1 21
4. k 5 0, k 5 } 5. k 5 0, k 5 } 6. k > } 4
4 8 3
26 22 6 x
147 3 1 24
7. k < 2} 8. k > } 9. k < } 25
4 4 21
10. No solution 11. 10 < x < 20 linear linear
y y
8. 9.
Lesson 10.8 10 5

6 3
Practice Level A
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. quadratic 2 1

23 21 1 3 x 1 3 5 x
5. quadratic 6. linear 7. linear 22

8. exponential 9. exponential
exponential quadratic
y y
10. 11.
6 10 10. exponential 11. linear 12. quadratic
2 6 13. linear 14. exponential 15. quadratic
26 22 2 6 x
22 2 16. linear 17. exponential
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

26
23 21
22
1 3 x 18. a. exponential; The graph rises quickly.
b.
linear exponential x 0 1 2 3 4
y y
12. 13. y 1 4 16 64 256
3 15

1 5
c. y 5 4 x 19. Answers will vary.
23 21 1 x 21 1 3 5 x 20. linear; V 5 275t 1 800
21 25

Practice Level C
quadratic linear 1. C 2. A 3. B
y y
14. 20
y
15. 3
y 4. 5. 18
6
12 1 6
2
21 1 3 5 x 26 22 2 6 x
4 21 26
25 23 21 1 x
22
21 1 3 5 x
24 23 218

exponential quadratic quadratic linear


16. linear 17. exponential

Algebra 1
Chapter 10 Resource Book A41
Lesson 10.8, continued

6. 1
y
7. y Problem Solving Workshop:
22 2 6 10 x
6 Mixed Problem Solving
21
2 1. a. quadratic function b. y 5 20x 2, where y is
23 the power and x is the current
23 21 1 3 x
22
ANSWERS

25 2. a. h 5 216t 2 1 80t 1 6.5 b. 5.0 seconds


3. a. h 5 216t 2 2 30t 1 80 b. 1.5 seconds
linear exponential
y y 4. Answers will vary. 5. a. The discriminant is
8. 10
9. 320
positive, so there are two x-values that correspond
6 192 to y 5 29. b. The average monthly basic rate for
cable television reached $29 in 1999. The other
2 64
value can be disregarded since it is negative.
210 26 22 2 x 21 1 3 5 x
22 264
6. 8.9 7. a. A 5 4x 2 1 136x b. 3 feet
quadratic exponential c. You can ignore the negative value because a
negative width does not make sense.
10. linear 11. quadratic 12. exponential
13. linear 14. quadratic 15. exponential Challenge Practice
16. linear 17. quadratic 1. linear model 2. 13 3. y 5 2x 1 3

18. a. exponential; The graph falls quickly. 4. exponential model 5. 34.171875

b. 6. y 5 2(1.5) x 7. quadratic model


x 23 22 21 0 1 8. 361 9. y 5 3x2 2 2 10. about 935 pounds
y 64 16 4 1 0.25
Chapter Review Game
c. y 5 (0.25) x
19. linear; V 5 280t 1 2000 1. (21, 2) 2. (21, 6) 3. (3, 2) 4. (3, 6)
20. exponential; B 5 1020.20(1.02) t 5. (1, 4) 6. (3, 4) 7. (6, 2) 8. (6, 6) 9. (4, 4)

Review for Mastery 10. (6, 4)


y
1. quadratic function 2. linear function
7
3. quadratic function: y 5 x 2 2 5x 1 6
5
4. exponential function: y 5 (0.25)(2) x

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


3

21 1 3 5 7 x

144 feet

Algebra 1
A42 Chapter 10 Resource Book
Answers
Lesson 11.1 16. 6
y
domain: x ≥ 2;
range: y ≥ 0;
Practice Level A 2
horizontal translation
1. C 2. A 3. B 26 22
22
2 6 x
2 units right
4. y
domain: x ≥ 0;

ANSWERS
26
10 range: y ≥ 0;
vertical stretch by a
6
factor of 6 17. y
domain: x ≥ 23;
2 3 range: y ≥ 0;
22 2 6 10 x
1
horizontal translation
22
23 21 1 3 x
3 units left
5. y
domain: x ≥ 0; 21

1.0 range: y ≥ 0; 23

vertical shrink by a
0.6
factor of 0.4 18. y
domain: x ≥ 5;
0.2 6 range: y ≥ 0;
22 2 6 10 x
2
horizontal translation
20.2
22 2 6 10 x
5 units right
6. y
domain: x ≥ 0; 22

1 range: y ≤ 0; 26

21 1 3 5 x vertical stretch by a
21
factor of 2 and reflection 19. a. f domain: p ≥ 0;
700
range: f ≥ 0
Flow rate (gal/min)
23
in x-axis 600
500
25 400
300
200
7. B 8. F 9. D 10. E 11. A 12. C 100

13. 6
y
domain: x ≥ 0; 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 p

range: y ≥ 25; Nozzle pressure (lb/in.2 )

2
vertical translation
x b. 36 lb/in.2
26 22
22
2 6
5 units down
20. a. d domain: h ≥ 0;
(nautical miles)

20
range: d ≥ 0
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

26
Distance

15
10

14. y
domain: x ≥ 0; 5
0
3 range: y ≥ 3; 0 100 200 h
Eye level (feet)

1
vertical translation
3 units up b. about 292 nautical miles
23 21 1 3 x
21
Practice Level B
23
1. 14
y
domain: x ≥ 0;
15. y
domain: x ≥ 0; range: y ≥ 0;
6
range: y ≥ 26;
10
vertical stretch by
2
vertical translation 6 a factor of 7
x
26 22
22
2 6
6 units down 2

26 22 2 6 x
26

2. y
domain: x ≥ 0;
3 range: y ≥ 0;
1
vertical shrink by a
1
23 21 1 3 x factor of }5
21

23

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book A43
Lesson 11.1, continued

3. y
domain: x ≥ 0; 21. 3
y
domain: x ≥ 25;
2 range: y ≤ 0; range: y ≥ 24;
1
26 22
22
2 6 x vertical stretch by a vertical translation
25 23 21 1 3 x
factor of 4 and reflection 21 4 units down and
26
in x-axis horizontal translation
ANSWERS

23
210 5 units left
}
4. translate graph of y 5 Ï x horizontally 8 units 22. a. x domain: V ≥ 0;
}
right 5. translate graph of y 5 Ï x vertically 7
range: x ≥ 0

Side length (inches)


} 6
3 units up 6. translate graph of y 5 Ïx 5

horizontally
}
7 units left 7. translate graph of 4
3
y 5 Ïx vertically
}
5 units down 8. translate graph 2
of y 5 Ïx vertically 3.5 units up 9. translate 1
0
} 1 0 200 400 V
graph of y 5 Ïx horizontally }2 unit right 10. E Volume
(cubic inches)
11. C 12. A 13. F 14. B 15. D
b. 225 in.3 c. 576 in.3
16. 3
y
domain: x ≥ 24;
range: y ≥ 24; 23. a. d domain: w ≥ 0;

Diameter (inches)
1
vertical translation
15
12
range: d ≥ 0
23 21 1 3 x
21 4 units down and 9
6

23
horizontal translation 3
4 units left 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 w
Weight (pounds)

17. y
domain: x ≥ 25; b. about 99 lb c. about 4 lb
range: y > 1;
vertical translation Practice Level C
1

25 23 21 1 3 x
1 unit up and horizontal 1. y
domain: x ≥ 0;
21
translation 5 units left 3 range: y ≥ 0;
23
1
vertical stretch by a
23 21
factor of 2.5
domain: x ≥ 6;
y 1 3 x
18. 21

range: y ≥ 4;

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


6
23

2
vertical translation
26 22 2 6 10 x
4 units up and 2. y
domain: x ≥ 0;
22
horizontal translation 1.8 range: y ≤ 0;
26 6 units right 0.6
vertical shrink by a
3
23 21 1 3 x factor of }5 and reflection
19. 6
y
domain: x ≥ 5; 20.6
in x-axis
range: y ≥ 27; 21.8
2
vertical translation
26 22
22
2 6 10 x
7 units down and 3. 0.75
y
domain: x ≥ 0;
horizontal translation range: y ≤ 0;
26 0.25
5 units right vertical shrink by a factor
23 21 1 3 x
20.25 of 0.25 and reflection in
20. y
domain: x ≥ 1; 20.75
x-axis
3 range: y ≥ 2;
1
vertical translation }
2 units up and 4. translate graph of y 5 Ï x horizontally
23 21 1 3 x }
21
horizontal translation 2.5 units left 5. translate graph of y 5 Ï x
23 1 unit right 3
vertically }2 units down 6. translate graph of

Algebra 1
A44 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Lesson 11.1, continued
}
y 5 Ïx vertically 12 units up 7. translate graph 22. a. t domain: h > 0;

Time (seconds)
2.5
} 1 2.0
range: t > 0
of y 5 Ïx horizontally }4 unit right 8. translate 1.5
} 1.0
graph of y 5 Ïx horizontally 5.5 units left 0.5

ANSWERS
0
} 3 0 5 10 15 20 25 h
9. translate graph of y 5 Ï x vertically } unit up
4 Height (meters)

10. D 11. C 12. E 13. A 14. F 15. B b. 11.025 m


16. y
domain: x ≥ 26; 23. a. r domain: d > 0;

Radius of gyration
6 range: y ≥ 24; 2.5
range: r > 1
2.0

(inches)
2
vertical translation 4 units 1.5

26 22 x
down and horizontal 1.0
0.5
translation 6 units left 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 d
26 Inside diameter (inches)

17. y
domain: x ≥ 1; b. about 3.3 in.
6 range: y ≤ 5; Review for Mastery
vertical translation 5 units
2
up, horizontal translation 1. 14
y domain: x ≥ 0;
26 22
22
2 6 x
1 unit right, and reflection range y ≥ 0; The graph is a
10 y54 x vertical stretch (by a factor}
26 in x-axis
6 of 4) of the graph of y 5 Ï x .
18. y
domain: x ≥ 3; 2 y5 x
3 range: y ≥ 23; 2 6 10 x

1
vertical translation 3 units 2. y domain: x ≥ 0;
21 1 3 5 x
down and horizontal 2
y5 x
range y ≤ 0; The graph is a
21
translation 3 units right 1 3 5 x vertical stretch (by a factor
22
23 y 5 26 x of 6) and a reflection in the
26 x-axis of the graph of y 5
19. y
domain: x ≥ 26; }
Ïx .
210
6 range: y ≤ 2;
vertical translation 2 units domain: x ≥ 0;
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

2 3. 7
y

26 22 x
up, horizontal translation range y ≥ 1; The graph is a
22
6 units left, and reflection 5
vertical translation (of 1 unit
}
26 in x-axis 3
y5 x11
up) of the graph of y 5 Ï x .
y5 x
20. 10
y
domain: x ≥ 7; 1

range: y ≥ 8; 1 3 5 x
6
vertical translation 8 units 4. 3
y domain: x ≥ 0;
2 up and horizontal range y ≥ 23; The graph
y5 x
2 6 10 14 x translation 7 units right 1
x is a vertical translation
1 3
21 (of 3 units down)}
of the
y5 x23 graph of y 5 Ï x .
21. y
domain: x ≥ 4.5; 23

6 range: y ≤ 2.5;
5. domain: x ≥ 22; range: y ≥ 24
2
vertical translation
x
22 2 6 10
2.5 units up, horizontal
22
translation 4.5 units right;
26 and reflection in x-axis

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book A45
Lesson 11.1, continued

Challenge Practice 5. y

y 5
1.
3 3

1 1
ANSWERS

21 1 3 5 x
25 23 21 1 x

The domain is all real numbers less than or equal The domain is all real numbers less than or equal
to 6. The range is all real numbers
}
greater than or to 2. The range is all real numbers greater than or
}
equal to 0. The graph of y 5 Ï6 2 x is a reflection equal to 3. The graph of y 5 Ï 2x 1 3 is a
in the y-axis and a horizontal translation
}
of reflection in the y-axis, a horizontal translation of
6 units right of the graph of y 5 Ï x . 2 units right, and a vertical translation of 3 units
}
2. y
up of the graph of y 5 Ï x .
21 1 3 5 7 x } }
21
6. y 5 Ï x 2 2 1 1 7. y 5 Ï 4 2 x
} }
23 8. y 5 2Ï x 1 1 9. y 5 2Ï 5 2 x 1 3
}
10. y 5 Ï x 1 1
The domain is all real numbers greater than or
equal to 0. The range is all real numbers less than Lesson 11.2
}
or equal to 0. The graph of y 5 2Ï 2 x is a Practice Level A
reflection in the x-axis and a vertical stretch
}
} } }
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. 3Ï 11 5. 2Ï 7 6. 3Ï 6
(by a factor of 2) of the graph of y 5 Ï x . } } }
y 7. 5Ï 2 8. 3Ï 3a 9. 4 x 10. 10 nÏ n
3. } }
27 25 23 21 x
} } Ï23 Ï10
11. 5p Ï 5p 12. 3Ï 5 13. }} 14. }}
23 Ï23 Ï10
} } } }
Ï 5x Ï5 Ï17 7Ï3 }
15. }} 16. } 17. } 18. } 19. 7Ï 5
Ï 5x 5 17 3
The domain is all real numbers less than or equal } } } }
to 1. The range is all real numbers less than or 20. 7Ï 2 21. 23Ï 7 22. 15Ï 2 23. 2Ï 2
} } } }
equal to 0. The graph of y 5 2Ï1 2 x is a 24. 5Ï 3 25. 2 1 Ï 2 26. 3 2 2Ï 3
}
reflection in the x-axis, a reflection in the y-axis, 27. 6 1 Ï 3 28. about 81.2 volts 29. a. 8 in.
and a horizontal} translation of 1 unit right of the b. 6 in.
graph of y 5 Ï x .

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


y Practice Level B
4. } } } }
3 1. 10Ï 2 2. 3Ï 5 3. 4Ï 7 4. 20Ï d 5. 3y
} } } }
1 6. 5nÏ n 7. 3Ï 7 8. 10Ï 3 9. 2 x Ï 5
23 21 1 3 x } } }
4 Ï5 x 4Ï 5 Ï6
10. } 11. } 12. } 13. } 14. }
The domain is all real numbers greater than or 9 12 7 5 10
} } } }
equal to 24. The range is all real numbers greater Ï3 2 Ï p Ï 3y 9Ï 2x
} 15. } 16. } p 17. } 18. }
than or equal to 0. The graph of y 5 }2 x 1 2 is a Î1 5
}
3y 2x
} }
1
vertical shrink 1 by a factor of }2 2 and a horizontal 19. 13Ï 7 20. 23Ï 5 21. 27 1 4Ï 7
} } } }
translation of 4 units left of the graph of y 5 Ï x . 22. 40Ï 2 1 Ï 5 23. 37 1 20Ï 3 24. 33
25. a. about 3.87 mi/h b. about 4.61 mi/h
26. a. about 4.90 ft/sec b. about 9.80 ft/sec

Practice Level C
} }
1. 3sÏ 5s 2. 14r 2 3. 15c 2Ï 2c
} }
4. 2m2n5 Ï 31 5. 11x3y 4 Ï x 6. a 2b

Algebra 1
A46 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Lesson 11.2, continued
}
} 11 d Ï10
7. 3y 2Ï 15x 8. } 9. } 10. } Lesson 11.3
4m 5 4
} }
m2Ï77m 5Ï 5x } } Practice Level A
11. } 12. } 13. Ï 15 2 Ï 3
11 2x 2 1. solution 2. not a solution 3. not a solution
} } }

ANSWERS
14. 214 1 3Ï 7 15. 6Ï 7 2 Ï 14 4. not a solution 5. solution 6. not a solution
} } } } } } }
16. 133 1 60Ï 3 17. 8Ï 3 1 Ï 2 2 Ï 6 2 24 7. Ï x 5 3 8. Ï x 5 4 9. Ï x 5 3
} }
}
5mÏ5mn 5Ï 7 1 Ï14
}
2Ï 3
} }
10. Ï x 1 5 5 9 11. Ï x 2 4 5 4
18. } n 19. } 20. } }
7 3 12. Ï 2x 1 3 5 13 13. 225 14. 64 15. 9
}
13Ïx 16. 9 17. 36 18. 72 19. 25 20. 3 21. 31
21. } 22. a. about 50 watts
2x 22. 7x 1 3 5 7x 2 1 23. 5x 2 8 5 1 2 6x
b. about 100 watts 23. a. about 1.5 m 2 24. 9 2 2x 5 25x 2 25. 4x 2 5 3x 1 1
b. about 1.6 m2 26. x 2 1 2x 1 1 5 1 2 3x
27. 4x 2 3 5 x 2 2 4x 1 4 28. 1 29. 6 30. 2
Review for Mastery
} } } } } 31. a. 16 ft b. 9 ft 32. a. 2 wk b. 5 wk
1. 6Ï 2 2. xÏ 3 3. 3y 2 Ï 5y 4. 6xÏ 3 5. 5Ï 2
} } } Practice Level B
} Ï5 xÏ2 3Ï 2x
6. 3x Ï 5y 7. } 8. } 9. } 1. not a solution 2. not a solution 3. solution
9 3y 2x
} } } 4. not a solution 5. solution 6. solution
10. 3Ï 7 1 8Ï 10 11. 23Ï 5
7. Add 5 to each side, then square each side,
Challenge Practice subtract 3 from each side, and divide each side
Ï2
}
} } } by 7. 8. Add 3 to each side, divide each side by
1. } 2. 24Ï 3 3. 10Ï 2 2 15Ï 3 6, square each side and solve the linear equation
4
} } } } for x. 9. Square each side and solve the
4. 4xÏ 6 1 12xÏ 2 2 xÏ 3 2 3x 5. y (10 1 Ï 2 ) resulting linear equation for x. 10. Divide each
6. 91.5 mi/h 7. 129.4 mi/h 8. 24,500 ft side by 2, square each side, and solve the result-
ing linear equation for x. 11. Add the second
Focus On 11.2 radical expression to each side, square each side,
Practice
and solve the resulting linear equation for x.
} 12. Add 2 to each side, square each side, and then
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

3} 3
Ïz 3} Ïy 3}
1. 9 2. 2 } 3. 7Ï x 4. 24 5. } 6. Ï 3 solve the resulting quadratic equation for x.
3 2
3} 3} 3} 3 } 13. 16 14. 80 15. 46 16. 42 17. 40
7. 2Ï 4 8. 24Ï 3 9. 2Ï x 10. 0 11. 6Ï p
3} 3} 3} 7 32 3 1
12. 0 13. 22Ï z 14. 4Ï 3 1 3Ï x 18. } 19. } 20. 4 21. } 22. } 23. 1
3} 3} 3} 3 5 2 4
15. 22Ï 2 2 2 16. 4Ï 2 2 2 Ï 4
3}
24. no solution 25. 6 26. no solution
17. 24Ï 5 2 5 18. 216 19. x 5 1
27. no solution 28. 2, 3 29. 6 30. no solution
Review for Mastery 31. a. about 560,000 subscriptions
3} 3}
Ïx 3} Ï25 3} 3} b. 312,500 subscriptions 32. about 94.25 ft2
1. 8 2. } 3. 2Ï
2
y 4. Ï4 5. }5
6. Ï 9
} 3} 3} 3} Practice Level C
3
7. 2Ï p 8. 6Ï 5 9. 2Ï 4 2 4Ïx
3} 3} 1. Subtract 1 from each side, square each side,
10. 5Ï 5 2 Ï 25 and then solve the resulting linear equation for x.
2. Subtract 15 from each side, square each side,
and then solve the resulting equation for x.

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book A47
Lesson 11.3, continued

3. Subtract 4 from each side, divide each side by b. about 1.07 times c. When the mass increases,
22, square each side, and then solve the resulting r decreases. That means that the rate of effusion
equation for x. 4. Add 5 to each side, divide each for the gas as compared to oxygen will get lower
side by 6, square each side, and then solve the and eventually when the mass is larger than 32,
resulting linear equation for x. 5. Square each the rate of effusion for the gas will be less than
ANSWERS

side and solve the resulting linear equation for x. 1 time greater than the rate of effusion for oxygen.
6. Add the second radical expression to each side, Challenge Practice
square each side, and solve the resulting linear } }}
equation for x. 7. Divide each side by 3, square 1. Ï x 2 2 3x 1 2 5 0 2. Ïx 3 2 7x 2 1 36 5 0
}}
each side, and then solve the resulting linear }
3. Ï x 3 2 x 5 0 4. Ï x3 2 2x 2 1 x 5 0
equation for x. 8. Square each side and solve the
}}
resulting quadratic equation for x. 9. Subtract x
5. Ï 8 x 3 2 12 x 2 2 2 x 1 3 5 0
from each side, square each side, and solve the
resulting quadratic equation for x. } }
6. x 5 Ï 3 2 2x 7. x 5 2Ï 3 2 2x
20 } }
10. no solution 11. } 12. no solution 13. 11 8. x 5 2Ï 20 1 x 9. x 5 Ï 20 1 x
3
} }
14. 1 15. no solution 16. 4 17. no solution 10x 2 x 3 10x 2 x 3
2 1 1
18. } 19. 3 20. 10 21. 2 22. } 23. 4 24. }
10. x 5
Ï }
3
11. x 5 2 }
Ï 3
3 4 4 }}
3
25. Answers will vary. 26. a. about 4.8°C
b. 0 m/sec 27. a. about 38.9 in. b. about 155.6 in.
Ï15 2 x7 2 7x
12. x 5 }
}}
3
Review for Mastery Ï15 2 x7 2 7x
13. x 5 2 }

1. 9 2. 39 3. 3 4. 7 }}
14. x 5 2Ï x 3 2 44x 1 84
Problem Solving Workshop: }}
15. x 5 Ï x 3 2 44x 1 84
Mixed Problem Solving
1. a. y b. 2004 Lesson 11.4
260
Revenue (millions of dollars)

250
240
Practice Level A
230 1. legs: x, y; hypotenuse: z 2. legs: m, n;

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


220
210 hypotenuse: p 3. legs: c, t; hypotenuse: r
} } } } }
200
190
4. 2Ï 5 5. Ï 10 6. Ï 34 7. 2Ï 13 8. Ï 58
} } }
180 9. 5Ï 2 10. 3Ï 7 11. 10 12. 4Ï 6 13. 4
170
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 x
14. 3 15. 2, 4 16. not a right triangle
Years since 1999
17. right triangle 18. not a right triangle
2. a. v b. about 24.49 meters 19. about 28.3 in. 20. about 73.2 in.
30
per second Practice Level B
Final velocity

25
} } } } }
20 c. about 32 meters per 1. Ï 26 2. Ï 65 3. 6Ï 2 4. Ï 95 5. 2Ï 17
15
10 second } } } }
5
6. 6Ï 26 7. Ï 241 8. 6Ï 2 9. 10Ï 5 10. 50
}
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 v0 11. 20 12. 11Ï 5 13. 2, 8 14. 12, 16, 20
Initial velocity
15. 9, 12, 15 or 15, 36, 39 16. 4 in., 7 in.
3. Answers will vary. 4. 49 5. a. 625 joules 17. not a right triangle 18. right triangle
b. The kinetic energy increases. Since the velocity 19. not a right triangle 20. about 155 in.
increases, that means the right-hand side of the
21. about 33 ft 22. about 9.2 ft
equation must increase. Since the mass stays
constant, that means the kinetic energy must Practice Level C
} } }
increase. 6. Answers will vary. 7. a. 4 times 1. 15 2. 5Ï 11 3. Ï 18.25 4. Ï 42.75

Algebra 1
A48 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Lesson 11.4, continued
} } } }
5. Ï 19.24 6. Î 19.01 7. Ï 273.44 8. Ï 4.29 22. right triangle 23. not a right triangle
} } }
9. Ï 0.4 10. Ï 151.21 11. Ï 221.44 24. not a right triangle 25. right triangle
}
12. Ï 0.58 13. 5 in., 9 in. 14. 4 in., 8 in. 26. right triangle 27. not a right triangle
15. 6 in., 10 in. 16. right triangle 28. a. book and basket; about 447 ft

ANSWERS
17. not a right triangle 18. not a right triangle b. book and backpack; about 894 ft
29. a. about 12 mi b. (4, 7) c. about 3 mi;
19. about 25 ft 20. about 10 mi
21. No, because 152 1 182 5 549 Þ 529 5 232 1 }52, }92 2; Find the midpoint between (1, 2) and
Review for Mastery (4, 7) and then find the distance between these
points.
1. 15 2. 7 inches 3. no 4. no 5. yes

Challenge Practice Review for Mastery


} } }
1. 3 2. 12 3. 10 4. 9 5. 10 6. 5.7 1. 2Ï 10 2. Ï 29 3. 4Ï 10 4. 28, 22

Lesson 11.5 5. (10, 6) 6. (24.5, 24)

Practice Level A Problem Solving Workshop:


} } } Mixed Problem Solving
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. Ï 61 5. Ï 26 6. Ï 41
} } 3 1
} } }
7. Ï 13 8. 2Ï 10 9. Ï 17 10. 0, 24 11. 1, 9 1 2 1
1. a. Ï 17 , 4Ï 2 , 5 b. 2}, 0 , (1, 0), }, 22
2 2 2
}
12. 26, 10 13. 28, 16 14. 2 15. 3 16. (6, 7) 5 } Ï 17
c. }, 2Ï 2 , } d. The perimeter of the original
17. (3, 6) 18. (3, 0) 19. a. about 2.06 mi 2 2
b. about 2.24 mi c. the distance between stop 1 triangle is twice the perimeter of the triangle
and home; 0.18 mi 20. $860,000 using the midpoints. 2. a. 9 miles b. about
2.6 miles 3. 125 4. Answers will vary.
Practice Level B }
} } } } 5. a. Ï 34 ø 5.83 miles
1. Ï 5 2. Ï 10 3. 5Ï 2 4. 10 5. Ï 37 1 1
} } } } b. You should meet } mile north and } mile east
6. Ï 109 7. 4Ï 2 8. Ï 305 9. 2Ï 13 10. 2 2 2
of your original starting point. You have to
11. 2 12. 3 13. 23, 5 14. 24, 10 15. 27, 3 }
Ï34
17 17 19 hike } miles, or about 2.92 miles.
1
16. 3, }
2 2 1
17. 2}, 8
2 2 1
18. 21, 2}
2 2 2
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

6. You should attach the guy wires about


11 3 3
1
19. }, 2}
2 2 2 1
20. (25, 0) 21. 2}, 2
2 2 4.8 feet up the tree. Each guy wire is 6.25 feet
long. The guy wire is the hypotenuse of the
22. right triangle 23. right triangle
triangle and one of the legs is the distance from
24. not a right triangle 25. not a right triangle the trunk to the stake, which is 4 feet.
26. right triangle 27. not a right triangle 7. a. Molly: r miles, Julie: r 1 3 miles
28. 15 mi 29. a. (1750, 2000) b. 1953 ft b. Molly: 9 miles per hour, Julie: 12 miles per
30. 8.5 books hour c. They are 30 miles apart after 2 hours.
After two hours Molly has biked 18 miles and
Practice Level C Julie has biked 24 miles. These are two sides
} } } }
1. 13 2. Ï 122 3. Ï 458 4. 2Ï 101 5. Ï 661 of a right triangle. The hypotenuse is how far
}
} } Ï37 apart they are.
6. 8 7. Ï 122 8. Ï 10 9. } 10. 1, 5
3
11. 2, 6 12. 23, 21 13. 24, 22 14. 26, 0 Challenge Practice
1 5 5
1. a 5 61 2. a 5 }, b 5 1
1
15. 24, 24 16. 22, 2} 17. }, 8
2 2 2 1 2 }
2
169 Ï2
1
18. 101, 2}
2 2
19. (3.75, 9.25) 3. a 5 6}, b 5 27 4. a 5 21, b 5 1
2
20. (4.75, 21.75) 21. (25.5, 4) } 21
5. a 5 61, b 5 6Ï 2 6. a 5 1, }
17

Algebra 1
Chapter 11 Resource Book A49
Lesson 11.5, continued
108 65
7. a 5 22, } 8. a 5 5, }
61 187
9. a 5 0, a 5 24 10. b 5 0, a > 0 11. 25 mi
12. 10 mi 13. 38 min
ANSWERS

Chapter Review Game


1. rationalizing 2. hypotenuse 3. midpoint
4. triple 5. square 6. radical 7. conjugates
8. distance 9. legs 10. Pythagorean
11. extraneous 12. theorem 13. simplest form

F R A T I O N A L I Z I N G
L L A S E F S H Q N K P M S
X E X D I S T A N C E F C I
P A G T I F A H F I N R O M
O U F S M C M J C M A U N P
N Y M D I D A H G U E E J L
E R I W D R P L K Y R K U E
M T D A P I L Q B A O M G S
E C P E O S E U U K G V A T
R K O X I T F Q R Q A R T F
O Z T D N A S N P O H S E O
E S Z R T C T C Y A T A S R
H P E S U N E T O P Y H I M
T R I P L E U F I Z P L X N
J W Q P S U O E N A R T X E

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

Algebra 1
A50 Chapter 11 Resource Book
Answers
214 25 25
Lesson 12.1 26. y 5 } ; 27 27. y 5 } ; } 28. no
x x 2
Practice Level A 22
29. yes; y 5 } 30. direct variation
x
1. direct variation 2. inverse variation
31. inverse variation
3. neither 4. inverse variation

ANSWERS
4000
32. a. t 5 } b. 125 h
5. inverse variation 6. direct variation p
7. direct variation 8. neither 33. s yes; Answers will

Walking speed (mi/hour)


8
vary.
9. direct variation 10. C 11. B 12. A 7
6
13. Domain and range: y
5

all real numbers 4


3
except 0 1
x 2 s5
3
t
23 21 1 1
21
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
23 Time (hours)

14. Domain and range: y


6
all real numbers Practice Level B
except 0 2
1. direct variation 2. inverse variation
22 2 6 x
22 3. neither 4. inverse variation 5. inverse
variation 6. direct variation 7. neither
8. inverse variation 9. direct variation
15. Domain and range: y
9 10. Domain and range: y
all real numbers all real numbers
9

except 0 3
except 0 3
23 3 9 x
23 23 3 9 x
23

16. Domain and range y


11. Domain and range: y
are all real numbers all real numbers
except 0. 3
x
except 0 2
x
29 23 3
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

23 26 22 2
22

29
26

17. Domain and range: y


12. Domain and range: y
all real numbers all real numbers
6

except 0 3
x
except 0 2
29 23 3
23 22 2 6 x
22
29

18. Domain and range: y


6 13. Domain and range: y
all real numbers all real numbers
6

except 0 2
except 0 2
x
22 2 6 x
22 26 22 2
22

26

3 3
19. C 20. B 21. A 22. y 5 } ; }
x 2
8 18 216
23. y 5 } ; 4 24. y 5 } ; 9 25. y 5 } ; 28
x x x

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book A51
Lesson 12.1, continued

14. Domain and range: y


12
37. s yes; Answers will

Average speed (mi/hour)


8
all real numbers 7
vary.
4
except 0 6
24 4 12 x 5
4
ANSWERS

3
5
2 s5
t
1
15. Domain and range: y
12
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
all real numbers Time (hours)
4
except 0
4 12 x
Practice Level C
1. direct variation 2. inverse variation
3. neither 4. inverse variation
16. Domain and range: y
5. inverse variation 6. direct variation
all real numbers
except 0 3
x 7. neither 8. direct variation
29 23 3
23 9. inverse variation
29 10. Domain and range: y

all real numbers 1

17. Domain and range: y


except 0
21 1 x
all real numbers
3 21
except 0 x
29 23 3
23

29 11. Domain and range: 3


y

all real numbers


1
18. Domain and range: y
6 except 0
23 21 1 3 x
all real numbers 21
2
except 0
23
22 2 6 x
22

12. Domain and range: y


6
all real numbers

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


14 27 27 23 3 except 0 2
19. y 5 } ; 7 20. y 5 } ; } 21. y 5 } ; 2} 22
x x 2 x 2 22
2 6 x

211 11 144
22. y 5 } ; 2} 23. y 5 } ; 72
x 2 x
72 50
24. y 5 }; 36 25. y 5 } ; 25 13. Domain and range: y
x x
228 36 all real numbers
26. y 5 } ; 214 27. y 5 } ; 18 3
x x except 0 x
236 2200 29 23 3
28. y 5 } ; 218 29. y 5 } ; 2100 23
x x
55 55 20 29
30. y 5 } ; } 31. no 32. yes; y 5 }
x 2 x
18 14. Domain and range: y
33. no 34. yes; y 5 } 15
x all real numbers
2400 except 0 5
35. a. t 5 } p b. 120 minutes c. 300 minutes 5 15 x
2500
36. a. V 5 } b. 10 lb/in.3
P

Algebra 1
A52 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Lesson 12.1, continued

15. Domain and range: 3


y b. m inverse variation;
9
all real numbers 8
Answers will vary.

Number of months
1
except 0 7
23 21 1 3 x 6
21
5

ANSWERS
4
23
3
2
16. Domain and range: y
3
1
0
all real numbers 0 100 200 300 400 a
1 Amount saved each month
except 0 (dollars)
21 1 3 x
21
400
c. m 5 }
a
Review for Mastery
17. Domain and range: y

all real numbers 1. neither 2. direct 3. inverse 4. direct


except 0 x 5. Domain and range: y
21.2 20.4 0.4
20.4 all real numbers 6

21.2
except 0 2

26 22 2 6 x
22
18. Domain and range: y
12
all real numbers
4
except 0
4 12 x
6. Domain and range: y

all real numbers 6

except 0 2

26 22
251 51 144 22
2 6 x
19. y 5 } ; 2} 20. y 5 } ; 72
x 2 x
26
242 36
21. y 5 }; 221 22. y 5 } ; 18
x x 7. Domain and range: y
230 49 49 all real numbers
23. y 5 } ; 215 24. y 5 } ; } 3
x x 2 except 0
2150 120 1
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

25. y 5 } ; 275 26. y 5 }; 60 x


x x 23 21
21
1

244 2114
27. y 5 } ; 222 28. y 5 } ; 257 23
x x
105 105 70
29. y 5 } ; } 30. y 5 }; 35 8. Domain and range: y
x 2 x
all real numbers
210
6
16
31. yes; y 5 } 32. yes; y 5 } except 0
x x 2
x
299,008 26 22
33. a. f 5 } b. 1.024 3 105 hertz
2 6
22
w
26
34. a.
a 40 50 80 100 200 400
16
9. y 5 }; y 5 24
m 10 8 5 4 2 1 x
Challenge Practice
As the amount of money you save each month
increases, the number of months you need to a
1. x 5 }; inverse variation
save decreases. dv
a
2. v 5 } y; direct variation
bd
dkc
3. u 5 }; inverse variation
w

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book A53
Lesson 12.1, continued

4. u 5 dkz; direct variation 11. y


1
domain: all reals except 0;
a 23 21 1 3 x
range: all reals except 22;
5. v 5 }; inverse variation 21
dkz vertical translation 2 units
bd down
6. y 5 }; inverse variation
ANSWERS

u
ck
7. w 5 }; inverse variation
x
a 12. 6
y domain: all reals except 26;
8. v 5 } w; direct variation range: all reals except 0;
dkc
2
ck horizontal translation 6 units
9. w 5 } y; direct variation 210 22 x
b 22 to the left
b
10. y 5 }; inverse variation 26
kz
1
11. a 5 21 12. c 5 22 13. x 5 2} 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. x 5 8, y 5 0
3
1 1 17. x 5 0, y 5 214 18. x 5 6, y 5 5
14. y 5 2} 15. x 5 2}
4 500 19. x 5 213, y 5 1 20. x 5 210, y 5 22

Lesson 12.2 21. x 5 25, y 5 27


y y
22. 6
23. 5
Practice Level A
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. domain: all reals except 22
2
x
3

6; range: all reals except 1 5. domain: all reals 22 1


except 22; range: all reals except 21 6. domain: 23 1 3 x
all reals except 1; range: all reals except 21
7. y
domain: all reals except 0; y
6 24. 2
range: all reals except 0;
2 210 26 2 x
vertical stretch 22
22 2 6 x
26

210

8. y domain: all reals except 0; 500

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1 25. a. C 5 } 1 13
range: all reals except 0; p
1
3 vertical shrink b. C
21
Cost (dollars/person)

1 1 1 x 175
2
3 3 150
125
100
75
50
9. y domain: all reals except 0; 25
range: all reals except 0; 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 p
2
x vertical stretch and Number of people
26 22 2
22 reflection in x-axis
26. f
26 175
flowers per person
Average number of

150
125
10. 10
y domain: all reals except 0; 100
400
75 f5
range: all reals except 4; 50
31p
6
vertical translation 4 units 25
0
up 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 p
26 22 2 6 x Number of extra workers
22

Algebra 1
A54 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Lesson 12.2, continued

Practice Level B 17. x 5 8, y 5 12 18. x 5 25, y 5 10


1. domain: all reals except 3; range: all reals 19. x 5 14, y 5 1 20. x 5 212, y 5 23
except 1 2. domain: all reals except 4; range: all 21. x 5 5, y 5 214
reals except 3 3. domain: all reals except 26; 22. y 23. y
range: all reals except 24 4. domain: all reals 5

ANSWERS
10
except 26; range: all reals except 28 3
6
5. domain: all reals except 23; range: all reals 1
except 3 6. domain: all reals except 3; range: all 22 2 6 10 x
21
reals except 22 23 21 1 3 x

7. y
6
domain: all reals except 0; 24. 6
y

range: all reals except 0;


2
vertical stretch 22
2
x
22 2 6 x
22

26

8. y domain: all reals except 0; 515


25. a. C 5 } 1 14.5
p
1 range: all reals except 0;
b. C c. $40.25
vertical shrink 140

Cost (dollars/person)
1 x 120
100
80
60
40

9. y domain: all reals except 0; 20


0
range: all reals except 0; 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 p
Number of people
1
x vertical stretch and
23 21 1
reflection in x-axis 450
21
26. a. n 5 }
41p
23
b. n c. 75 pizzas
Average number of pizzas

140
120
10. y domain: all reals except 0; 100
23 21 1 3 x
22 range: all reals except 27; 80
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

60
26
vertical translation 7 units 40
down 20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 p
Number of extra workers

11. y domain: all reals except 0; Practice Level C


range: all reals except 10; 1. y domain: all reals except 0;
vertical translation 10 units range: all reals except 0;
up vertical shrink and reflection
2
x
23 21 1 3 x
21
in x-axis
21

12. 3
y domain: all reals except 4;
range: all reals except 0; 2. y
3
domain: all reals except 0;
1
horizontal translation 4 units range: all reals except 0;
10 x
21
6
right 1
vertical shrink
1 3 x
23

13. x 5 6, y 5 4 14. x 5 25, y 5 26


15. x 5 3, y 5 28 16. x 5 27, y 5 7

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book A55
Lesson 12.2, continued

3. y domain: all reals except 0; 13. 10


y 14. y

range: all reals except 0; 1


1 6
x vertical stretch and 23 21 1 x
23 21 1
21 reflection in x-axis 2
ANSWERS

22 6 10 x
23 22

4. y domain: all reals except 0; 15. y 16. 2


y

range: all reals except 0; 6


22 2 6 10 x
22
vertical shrink and reflection
23 21 x
21 in x-axis 210 22 x
26
22
23 210

5. 3
y domain: all reals except 0; 17. y 18. 2
y

range: all reals except 0; 2


x 26 2 x
1 22
vertical stretch 210
23 21 1 3 x
21 26
26
23

6. y domain: all reals except 0; 19. n 9 people


box lunches per person
26 22 35
range: all reals except 29;
2 6 x Average number of
22
30

26
vertical translation 9 units 25
20
down 15
225
10 n5
61p
5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 p
7. 10
y domain: all reals except 0; Number of extra parents
range: all reals except 5;
6
vertical translation 5 units 17.25
20. a. C 5 }
2 up 41r
26 22 b. about 4 rentals
Average cost per

2 6 x C
rental (dollars)

22 4
3

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


2
8. 6
y domain: all reals except 6; 1
range: all reals except 0; 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 r
2
horizontal translation 6 units Number of additional
22 2 10 x rentals
22 to the right
26 Review for Mastery
8
1. y
8 The graph of y 5 }x is a
9. y domain: all reals except 28; y 5x
6 3 vertical stretch of the
range: all reals except 0; 1
y 5x 1
2
horizontal translation 8 units 1 graph of y 5 }x . Domain:
26 22 x 21
22 to the left 1 3 x
all real numbers except 0;
Range: all real numbers
26
except 0.
10. x 5 213, y 5 210 11. x 5 2, y 5 2 1
2. y
1 The graph of y 5 }x 1 5 is
12. x 5 21, y 5 23 y5
x 15
6
a vertical translation (of
2
1
y 5x 5 units up) of the graph of
1
26 2 6 x y 5 }x . Domain: all real
numbers except 0; Range:
26
all real numbers except 5.

Algebra 1
A56 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Lesson 12.2, continued
1 3
3. y The graph of y 5 } x 1 10
4. vertical asymptote: x 5 };
4
1
y 5 x 1 10 6 is a horizontal translation horizontal asymptote: y 5 2
2 (of 10 units to the left) of y
1
26 2 x the graph of y 5 }x . 6

ANSWERS
1
y5 Domain: all real numbers
x
26
except 10; Range: all real
26 22 2 6 x
numbers except 0. 22

4. y

6 4
5. vertical asymptote: x 5 2};
3
2
1
26 22
22
2 6 x horizontal asymptote: y 5 2}4
26 y
6

26 22 2 x
Challenge Practice
1. vertical asymptote: x 5 2;
horizontal asymptote: y 5 4
23 7
y
6. f (x) 5 } 1 2 7. f (x) 5 } 1 1
2x 2 6 7x 2 1
6 6
8. f (x) 5 } 2 1 9. f (x) 5 }
6
2x 2 2 2x 1 1
2
24
22 6 x 10. f (x) 5 } 1 2
22x 1 3

1
2. vertical asymptote: x 5 2};
Lesson 12.3
2
Practice Level A
horizontal asymptote: y 5 23
y 1. 3x 2 2. 23x 3. 21 4. 3x 2 2 2x 1 6
6
5. 2x 2 1 3x 2 4 6. 2x 3 2 2x 2 2 3x
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

2
7. 4x 3 2 x 1 2 8. x 2 2 3x 2 2
26 22 2 6 x
9. 2x 2 1 4x 2 5 10. A 11. C 12. B
13. x 1 4 14. x 2 5
15. x 2 6 16. x2y 1 3x 1 2
3. vertical asymptote: x 5 21;
horizontal asymptote: y 5 1 20h 1 5
17. a. C 5 }
h
y
b.
Average cost per

C
hour (dollars)

50
2 40
26 22 2 6 x 30
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 h
Number of hours rented

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book A57
Lesson 12.3, continued
1 1
18. a. R 5 } 1 } Practice Level C
6 24(t 1 5)
1. 3x 3 2 4x 1 2 2. 212x 2 1 8x 1 3
b. R
sold to total cars sold
Ratio of sports cars

0.178 27 5
0.176 3. 7x 1 16 1 } 4. x 1 4 2 }
x22 x21
0.174
ANSWERS

0.172 54 4
5. 3x 1 8 1 } 6. x 1 3 2 }
0.170 x24 x13
0.168
0 17 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t 7. 2x 2 10 1 } 8. 3x 2 1 2 }
Years since 1995
2x 1 2 3x 1 1
2 9
9. 5x6y4 2 x4y3 2 } y 10. 8a2b2 1 2b 2 } a
Practice Level B 3 7
11. y 12. y
1. 3x 2 2 4x 1 2 2. x 2 2 3x 1 6 9
15
3. 211x 3 1 9x 2 3 4. x 1 1 5. 5x 2 3 3
29 x
10 23
6. 4x 1 5 7. 6x 2 2 8. 4x 1 9 1 } 25 5 15 x
x22 25
29
9. 5x2y3 1 2x 2 1 10. 3a2 1 2ab 2 1
13. y
11. y 12. y
12
6 x
4 215 25
2
212 4 12 x
26 22 2 6 x 215
22
212

24 1 0.06m
13. y 14. a. C 5 }
m
6
b. C
28
2
Average cost per

24
mile (dollars)

6 x 20
16
12
8
4
40h 1 4.5
14. a. C 5 }

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0
h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 m
Number of miles
b. C
80
Average cost per

1 1049
hour (dollars)

70
15. a. R 5 } 1 }}
60 6 546t 1 12,552
50
b.
sold to total shoes sold
Ratio of walking shoes

40 R
30 0.255
0 0.250
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 h 0.245
Time (hours) 0.240
0.235
0.230
1 23
15. a. R 5 } 1 } 0
0 1 2 3 4 t
2 2(2t 1 9)
Years since 1999
b.
sold to total drinks sold

R
Ratio of fruit drinks

1.8
1.5 Review for Mastery
1.2
0.9
1. 2p2 2 5p 1 6 2. 6r2 1 4r 2 11
0.6
3. 25t 2 2 2t 1 6 4. 4x 1 3
0.3
0 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t 5. 3x 2 2 1 } 6. 2x 1 5
Years since 1995 8x 2 1
3
7. 4x 2 7 1 }
4x 2 7

Algebra 1
A58 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Lesson 12.3, continued

Challenge Practice 11. not in simplest form 12. in simpest form


2 13. in simplest form 14. not in simplest form
1. x 1 3 2. x 2 1 5x 1 6 3. 1 1 }
x2 2 1 2
4. x 2 1 2x 1 1 15. in simplest form 16. } ; x 5 0
3x
7

ANSWERS
96x 1 31 17. } ; x 5 0 18. 2; x 5 22
5. 5x 2 2 15x 1 37 2 } 2x
x 2 1 3x 1 1
6. 18x 3 1 3x 2 1 30x 1 5 19. in simplest form; x 5 5
1
7. x 4 1 9x 3 1 14x 2 2 27x 2 5 20. } ; x 5 26, 6
x16
8. 6x 3 1 2x2 1 3x 1 6
21. in simplest form; x 5 210, 10
9. x 5 1 6x 3 1 x 2 1 7x 1 4 2(2x) 1 2x 3
22. a. } b. }
10. x 4 1 x 3 1 x 2 1 x 1 2 11. x 1 3 2x(x) x
2x 1 1 245t 1 32,800
12. x 2 4 1 } 13. x 2 2 5x 1 3 23. a. R 5 }} b. R 5 }
49t 1 6560
x 2 1 2x 1 1 465t 1 56,780 93t 1 11,356
14. 2x 3 1 5x 2 1 15. x 2 2 5
Practice Level B
1. x 5 0 2. x 5 5 3. x 5 210 4. x 5 2
Focus On 12.3
7
5. x 5 23 6. x 5 2} 7. x 5 1 8. x 5 26, 2
Practice 3
2 9. x 5 25, 5 10. 22x; x 5 0 11. 6; x 5 4
1. x 1 3 2. x 1 1 3. x2 2 2x 2 }
x22 1
12. 24; x 5 3 13. } ; x 5 211, 11
5 x 2 11
4. 2x3 2 2x2 1 x 1 1 2 } 5. x2 2 x 2 1
x11 1
1 14. } ; x 5 23, 27
x17
6. 2x2 2 x 2 2 7. x2 1 x 1 1 2 }
x15 1
8 5 15. in simplest form; x 5 23, 28 16. }
8. x2 2 3 2 } 9. x3 1 x2 2 2x 2 2 2 } 2x
x23 x21
3x 1 5 3x 1 2
1 17. } 18. }
10. x2 1 x 1 6 11. x2 1 1 2 } 12. x2 1 2 x(x 1 5) x(x 1 1)
1
x2} 2 2(4x 1 3) 1 2(4x 2 2) 8x 1 1
19. a. }} b. }}
13. No. To use synthetic division, the divisor must (4x 1 3)(4x 2 2) (4x 1 3)(2x 2 1)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

be of the form x 2 k. 2(4t 1 5)


14. 50 20. }} ; about 11 thousand pounds
0.1t 2 2 0.2t 1 3
Review for Mastery
Practice Level C
3
1. x2 2 2x 2 } 1 5
x21 1. x 5 24, } 2. x 5 2}, 1 3. x 5 7
3 3 8
2. 2x3 1 4x2 1 4x 1 2 2 } 1 22x 2 5
x22
4. }, x 5 21, 7 5. }, x 5 0, }
5 x11 3x 2 5 3
3. x2 2 3x 1 7 2 } 3(x 2 4) 3
x11 1 3x 4
6. } ; x 5 0, } 7. } ; x 5 2}, 0
4. x2 1 2x 1 2 4(1 2 2x) 2 3x 1 4 3
2 4x 1
8. }; x 5 210, 2 9. }; x 5 2}, 3
Lesson 12.4 x 1 10 2x 1 1 2
x26 3 1
Practice Level A 10. }; x 5 210, 2} 11. }; x 5 0, 4
2x 1 3 2 x(x 2 4)
1. none 2. x 5 0 3. x 5 6 4. x 5 23
x15
1 12. } ; x 5 22, 0, 2
5. x 5 1 6. x 5 2 7. x 5 22 8. x 5 } 2x(x 2 2)
2
2 13. (5x 1 1)2; Answers will vary.
9. x 5 2} 10. not in simplest form
3 14. Answers will vary.

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book A59
Lesson 12.4, continued
2[x 1 x 1 (x 1 3)] 2842 1 337x
15. a. }}} 7. a. N 5 }; about 9 million
1
F2
2 } (x 1 3 1 2x 1 4)(x 2 1) G b.
500 1 14x
The number of
N

trucks sold (millions)


9
6(x 1 1)

Number of new
trucks sold from
b. }} 8
(3x 1 7)(x 2 1) 7 1993 to 2002
ANSWERS

6
6(t 1 4) 5
increased.
16. a. }} 2 4
0.01t 2 0.5t 1 18
0
b. about 4 hundred thousand 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
Years since 1993
c. A
(hundreds of thousands)

7
c. You cannot use the model to conclude that the
Number of flyers

6
5 revenue of the new trucks sold had increased
4
3
because the prices may have decreased which led
2 to more trucks being sold.
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
Challenge Practice
Years since 1995 1. a 5 7 2. b 5 9 3. c 5 1
4. d 5 2 5. e 5 2
The number of flyers increased as time went by. 5 5
6. p(x) 5 2x 2 2 6x 1 }, q(x) 5 4x 2 2 11x 1 }
Review for Mastery 2 2
7. p(x) 5 2x 2 1 7x 1 5, q(x) 5 x 2 2 2x 2 3
1. 3 2. 24, 4 3. no excluded values 4. 26, 2
1 4x 8. p(x) 5 2x 2 1 x 2 1, q(x) 5 2x 2 1 9x 2 5
5. }2 , x Þ 0 6. } x Þ 3
5x x 23 9. p(x) 5 x 4 2 1, q(x) 5 2x 4 1 x 2 2 1
5
7. simplest form, x Þ 23 8. }, x Þ 0, x Þ 22 10. p(x) 5 6x 3 1 13x 2 1 8x 1 3,
3x q(x) 5 3x 3 2 x 2 2 x 2 1
x16
9. }, x Þ 27, x Þ 9
x29
Lesson 12.5
2x 1 5
10. }, x Þ 22.5, x Þ 2.5
2x 2 5 Practice Level A
Problem Solving Workshop: 7 1
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. 21x 5. }2 6. }
6x x
Mixed Problem Solving
x 5 1
397,000 2 15,500x 7. } 8. 6x 2 9. }2 10. }

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


1. a. N 5 }} b. 3,550,000 people 8 4x x(x 1 1)
125 2 7x
x21 3x 3x
3x 1 64 11. 5(x 1 2) 12. } 13. } 14. }
2. a. p 5 } x14 2 4
11x 1 291
9x 8 4 2x 4x 2
b. 15. } 16. }2 17. } 18. } 19. }
5 3x x 2(x 1 2) 3
x 0 1 2 3
2(3t 1 10)
p 0.2199 0.2219 0.2236 0.2253 20. a. T 5 }
11 2 t
b. about 8 hundred thousand dollars
x 4 5 6 7
Practice Level B
p 0.2269 0.2283 0.2297 0.2310
1 6x 4 14 1 1
1. }3 2. } 3. } 4. } 5. }
c. increasing 3. 5 4. Answers will vary. 6x 5 5 4 2(x 1 5)
x16 x(x 1 3)
5. a. The density and the volume are inversely 6. } 7. } 8. x 9. 3(x 1 5)
2(x 1 2) 3(2x 2 1)
related because as the density increases, the
14 20 x6 2 1 1
10. } 11. } 12. } 13. } 14. }
volume decreases; V 5 }
D
b. Because the height x 4 9 9 3(x 1 9)
is increasing, the volume is increasing which 1 1 2
15. } 16. } 17. }2
4 x (x 1 3)
means that the density in decreasing. 6. 11
18. a. 4x 2 b. 100 tiles

Algebra 1
A60 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Lesson 12.5, continued
1250
19. } ; about $8.74 per unit 16. No, when the fraction is in the denominator,
150 2 t 3 3
the value of the expression is 1 ? }2 5 }2. When
Practice Level C
the fraction is in the numerator, the value of the
7(x 1 1) 1 x24 x5 1 1 1
1. x 2. } 3. 2} 4. } 5. } expression is }2 ? }3 5 }6.

ANSWERS
9x(x 1 3) 2 3x 9
2(x 1 3)(x 1 6) x14 a2 2 b2
}
6. 4(2x 2 5) 7. }} 8. } a2b a2 2 b2 1 a2 2 b2
x2 1 6 x(5x 1 16) 17. Yes. } 5}?}5}
2 2
and
a1b a2b a1b a 2b
2 x 2(x 2 2 5)(x 2 7) a2 2 b2
9. 21 10. } 11. }} }
x(x 1 4) 4(x 2 2 7) a1b a2 2 b2 1 a2 2 b2
} 5}?}5}
2 2
, so the
6(x 2 4) a2b a1b a2b a 2b
3 x2 1 4
12. } 13. } 14. } complex fractions are equivalent.
2x 2 1 x 2x 2
15. (x 1 6)(x 2 6) 16. (2x 1 1)(x 2 7) Review for Mastery
1 5 x 7x x
500(t 1 20) 1. } 2. } 3. } 4. } 5. }}
17. A 5 } ; about $13,529 18 2 10 2 3(x 2 5)(x 2 4)
1 2 0.05t 2
5(3122t 1 13,124) 6. }}
(x 1 6)(x 2 6)
18. a. x 5 }}
7(t 1 42)
Answers will vary. Lesson 12.6
Average number of cars

b.
admitted per month

800
600 Practice Level A
400
3 2 1 2 x14 x 2 27
200 1. } 2. } 3. } 4. }3 5. } 6. }
4x x 3x 2 x 2x 9x
0
2x 1 7 2 2x 1 4
7. } 8. } 9. } 10. 10x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 5x x2 x21
Years since 1988
11. 12x 3 12. x(x 1 1) 13. x(x 2 4)
Review for Mastery
14. (x 1 2)(x 1 4) 15. (x 2 3)(x 1 7)
2(x 1 1) 3x x15 2(x 1 4) 40x 2 1 3 7x 2 2 1 73
1. } 2. } 3. } 4. } 16. } 17. } 18. }
3(x 1 6) x22 3x(x 2 6) x25 15x 2x 36x
Challenge Practice 2(5 2 12x) 7x 1 16 9(x 1 2)
19. } 20. } 21. }}
2 x(x 1 4) (x 2 2)(x 1 7)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

1. p(x) 5 4x 2 1 2. p(x) 5 x 1 2 15x

3. p(x) 5 22x 2 1 3x 2 1 4. p(x) 5 2x 2 1 3 48 48 96r


22. a. }; } b. t 5 }} c. 9 h
r24 r14 (r 2 4)(r 1 4)
5. p(x) 5 16x 2 3 6. p(x) 5 1
80r 2 160
7. p(x) 5 x 2 2 6x 1 9 8. p(x) 5 2x 1 3 23. t 5 }; about 1.6 h
r(r 2 4)

Focus On 12.5 Practice Level B


x18 4x 3(2x 1 1) 211
Practice 1. } 2. } 3. } 4. }
x15 x24 x29 x12
1 3x2 3x4 2x3
1. } 2. } 3. } 4. 22x 5. } 6. 6x2 10x 2 7
5. }
x15
6. } 7. 15x 3 8. x(x 1 7)
6 4 4 12 2
x 29 3x 2
2x x
7. } 8. } 9. (x 1 3)2 10. (x2 2 4)2 9. (x 2 4)(x 1 6) 10. 2(x 2 2)
25 23
x
11. }} 12. }2
x 11. x(x 2 5)(x 1 2) 12. (x 1 1)2(x 1 4)
3(x 2 3)(x 2 4) (x 2 3) x(5x 1 31)
85 32 2 5x 2
13. } 14. } 15. }}
4x 2 1 1 14x 3
13. }} 14. } 12x (x 2 5)(x 1 2)
4(x 2 3)(x 2 1)(x 1 1) 2(x 1 2) 2
x(x 2 7) 5x 1 3x 2 5
16. }} 17. }
25 2 3x
15. }} (6x 2 5)(5x 2 3) x(x 2 7)
(x 1 1)(x 2 1)
x 3 1 3x 2 1 5x 2 5
18. }} 19. }}
2x 2 1 5x 1 1
2 (x 2 1)(x 1 1)
x (x 2 1)

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book A61
Lesson 12.6, continued
x16 25
20. } 21. }} Challenge Practice
x23 (x 1 1)(x 1 4)(x 2 4)
12x 2 2 72x 1 60 2x 2 1 1
8 8 1. w 5 }} 2
2. w 5 }
22. a. t 5 } 1 } b. 6 h c. about 1.0 h 9x 1 6x 1 1 x 1 2x 2 1 6
4
r21 r11 2x 2
2x 2 2x 1 13
50 50 3. w 5 } 4. w 5 }}
3x 2 1 210x 1 5
ANSWERS

23. a. t 5 }r 1} b. about 6.1 h


r13 2
2325x 2 115x 2 10
5. w 5 }}
c. about 1.4 h x 2 2 2x 1 1
Practice Level C 1 1
6. y(t) 5 } t 1 } xt
60
3(x 2 2) x28 23x 1 2 7. Approximately 25 hours and 43 minutes
1. } 2. } 3. }
x13 x25 2x 2 5
8. 60 hours 9. 30 hours 10. 60 hours
11x 2 1 19x 2 20 22x 2 2 22x 2 9
4. }} 5. }}
(x 2 5)(x 1 2) (x 1 10)(x 2 1)
Lesson 12.7
Practice Level A
22x 2 1 31x 2 16 9x 3 2 16x 2 1 3x 2 2
6. }} 7. }} 1. x 5 6 2. x 5 210, 24 3. x 5 23, 3
(2x 2 3)(x 1 5) 3x 2(x 2 2)
4. 26, 6 5. 28, 8 6. 15 7. 224 8. 216
5x 3 2 19x 2 1 8x 1 12 215x 2 1 x 2 30
8. }} 2
9. }} 9. 25, 3 10. x(x 1 4) 11. x(x 2 3)
5x (x 1 2) 8x(x 1 6)
3x 2 1 28x 1 1 5x 2 7 12. (x 1 2)(x 2 5) 13. 29 14. 11
10. }} 11. }} 23 9
(x 2 1)(x 1 1)(x 1 7) (x 2 3)2(x 1 5) 10
15. no solution 16. } 17. 2} 18. }
3 3 4
2(x 2 1 6) 2x 2 1 19x 1 50
12. }} 13. }} 19. 12 days 20. 7 field goals 21. a. 2 1 p; 4 1 p
(x 2 6)(x 1 2)(x 1 1) (x 1 2)(x 1 1)
21p
6(4x 2 1 32x 1 7) 21x 2 1 79x 2 2 b. } 5 0.6 c. 1 pt d. 5 pt
14. }} 15. }} 41p
(x 1 8)(x 2 3) (x 1 1)(x 1 4)(x 1 6)
Practice Level B
22x 3 1 8x 2 1 51x 1 27
16. }} 1. 29, 9 2. 212 3. 27 4. 18 5. 25
(x 2 7)(x 1 2)
1
11c 2 2 34c 2 105 6. 24, 4 7. 21 8. no solution 9. 2}
3
17. a 5 }}
(3c 1 4)2 10. x 2 3 11. 2(x 2 1) 12. (x 2 2)(x 2 3)
10 10 9

Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.


18. a. t 5 }r 1} b. about 2.4 h 13. no solution 14. 2} 15. no solution
r 2 2.75 5
1 17
c. about 0.2 h 19. a. y 5 } 16. 24, 2} 17. no solution 18. 3, 6
t 7

b. no; Answers will vary. 19. 1 pt 20. a.

Review for Mastery


Fraction
2x 1 1 3x 1 16 Fraction
1. } 2. } 3. 30x5 of room Time
7x 3x 2 4 Person of room
papered (hours)
4. (3x 2 1)(x 1 6) 5. (x 1 5)2(x 1 3) papered
each hour
7r 1 24 x2 2 15
6. } 7. }} 1 3
18r3 (x 2 3)(x 1 3)(x 2 5) Assistant }
x
3 }
x
8. }}
13t 2 11
(t 2 7)(t 1 3) 3 9
Expert }
2x
3 }
2x
Problem Solving Workshop:
Worked Out Example 3 9
b. Answers will vary. c. } 1 } 5 1; 7.5 h
270r 2 2025 x 2x
1. t 5 }; 7.5 hours
r(r 2 15) Practice Level C
50r 1 } 1 4
2. t 5 }}; 3.75 hours 1. } 2. 62Ï 2 3. 6 4. 3 5. } 6. }
(r 1 5)(r 2 15) 4 2 3

Algebra 1
A62 Chapter 12 Resource Book
Lesson 12.7, continued
} }
3 6 Ï89 5 6 Ï35 19 5 1175.8 1 213.3x
7. } 8. } 9. 2} 10. 2}, 21 6. a. C 5 }}}
10 2 3 3 (1 1 0.107x)(356.2 1 28.1x 2 3.2x 2)
3 b. $3.34
11. 22, 21 12. 21 13. no solution 14. 2}
2 c.

(dollars per passenger)


C
1 3.50
15. 5 16. a 5 }; b 5 22 17. 4 pt 18. $1000

ANSWERS
Average cost
3.40
3
in the r% account and $3000 in the (r 1 1)% 3.30
3.20
account 3.10
3.00
19. a. 0.00
0 1 2 3 4 x
Years since 1997
Fraction
Fraction The average cost decreased from 1997 to 1998
of roof Time
Person of roof and then increased from 1998 to 2002. You cannot
completed (hours)
completed use the graph to describe how the amount of
each hour
passenger fares changed during the period because
1 24
Expert } 24 } this graph just shows the average cost. You do not
x x
know what happened to the number of passengers
3 72 during this period.
Assistant }
5x
24 }
5x
Challenge Practice
24 72 1
b. Answers will vary. c. } 1 } 5 1; 38.4 h 1. a 5 }, b 5 4 2. a 5 1, b 5 9
x 5x 2
d. 64 h 3. a 5 24, b 5 4 4. a 5 49, b 5 5

Review for Mastery 5. a 5 119, b 5 47 6. Yes, 20,000 barrels of


1. 8, 6 2. 29, 12 3. 27.5 4. 23, 9 87 octane and 40,000 barrels of 93 octane.
Problem Solving Workshop: 7. Yes, 60,000 barrels of 87 octane and 30,000
Mixed Problem Solving barrels of 93 octane. 8. The order cannot be
filled. 9. Yes, 16,667 barrels of 87 octane and
6 8
1. a. t 5 } 1 } b. 5 hours 3333 barrels of 93 octane for the 88 octane order,
x22 x
(67 1 168x)(1 1 0.001x) and 13,333 barrels of 87 octane and 26,667 barrels
2. a. A 5 }} b. The best of 93 octane for the 91 octane order.
(1 2 0.003x)(355 1 555x)
Copyright © Holt McDougal. All rights reserved.

approximation of the model for the years shown Chapter Review Game
is 1964. In 1964, Clemente had a career batting x13 x(x 1 4)
average of 0.307 and the estimate of the model is 1. y 5 2 2. 4x 1 5 3. } 4. }
2x 1 1 2(x 2 2)
0.306. 3. Answers will vary. 3x 213x 2 35
5. }} 6. }} 7. x 5 9
6003 1 1216.23x 1 58.05x 2 (x 1 5)(x 1 6) x(x 1 3)(x 1 7)
4. a. S 5 }}}
1 1 0.17x 1 0.007x 2
8. x 5 0 or x 5 2
b. about 6,684,000 students 5. 5
VINCULUM

Algebra 1
Chapter 12 Resource Book A63

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