Q1: What is Organizational Behavior?

Ans: Organizational behavior is "the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the
interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself".

Q2: What are the Management Functions?

Ans: Following are the four management functions:

 Planning
 Organizing
 Leading
 Controlling

Planning

The planning function encompasses defining an organization’s goals, establishing an

overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to
integrate and coordinate activities. Evidence indicates this function increases the most as
managers move from lower-level to mid-level management.

Organizing

Managers are also responsible for designing an organization’s structure. We call this
function organizing. It includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them,
how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be
made.

Leading

Every organization contains people, and it is management’s job to direct and coordinate
those people. This is the leading function. When managers motivate employees, direct their
activities, select the most effective communication channels, or resolve conflicts among
members, they’re engaging in leading.

Controlling

To ensure things are going as they should, management must monitor the
organization’s performance and compare it with previously set goals. If there are any
significant deviations, it is management’s job to get the organization back on track. This
monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting is the controlling function.

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Q3: How the people’s behavior affects the performance of Organization?

Ans: Following are the two affects of people’s behavior that influence the performance of
organization:

1. Organizational Behavior is concerned with employment related situation, work

(performance), absenteeism, productivity, performance and management.
2. Core activities (OB) i.e. leadership, Motivation, Communication, Attitude etc.

Q4: Identify the key biographical characteristics and describe how they are
relevant to OB?

Ans: Biographical characteristics typically include:

 Age
 Gender
 Race

Age

Age is an increasingly relevant characteristic as the workforce is aging older workers

bring with them a wealth of knowledge and experience, but the perception is that
productivity also declines with age.

Gender

In the workplace, it has been found that there are very few differences between men
and women that impact job performance. However, women, especially those with pre-
school age children, do prefer flexible work schedules and will seek an employer who offers
options in their schedules.

Race

It has been shown, however, that people in the workplace do identify more with people
like themselves so in some cases there may be opportunities given to people based on the
fact that they are like their supervisor.

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Q5: Discuss the qualities of Old Employee?

Ans: Positive Qualities

 Experience (sense of judgment).
 Strong work ethics.
 Commitment (sense of responsibility).
 The older the employees, less living to quit.
 Fewer alternative job opportunity.

Negative Qualities

 Lacking flexibility (Rigid personality).

 Resistance to adopt new technology.
 Organization (mind set): people who are adaptable to change.
 Affect on turn over (health issue, regularity).
 Skills become absolute.
 Expects better pay and fringe benefits.
 Productivity declines with age.
 Older employees suppose to be more satisfied with his work (less ambition).

Q6: Identify the major behavioral science discipline that contributes to OB?

Ans: The major behavioral science disciplines that have contributed to the development of
organizational behavior are psychology, sociology, anthropology, management and medicine.

Psychology

OB has great impact on psychology called organizational psychology, which was

fixated on the motivation and behavior of workers. Motivational theories of organizational
behavior were intrinsic to helping companies increase worker productivity, job commitment
and achievement. Psychology was a huge part of what became organizational behavior, as it
explained the internal and external influences on individuals' work performance and
behavior. The second field had an impact on groups within an organization.

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 Sociology

Sociology have made greatest contribution to OB through their study of group behavior
in organization, particularly formal and sophisticated organizations.

Sociological concepts and techniques help significantly to understand better the group
dynamics, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, communications,
power, conflict, and intergroup behavior.

Most sociologists today identify the discipline by using the following statements:

 Sociology deals with human interaction arid this communication are the key influencing
factor among people in social settings.
 Sociology is a study of plural behavior. Two or more interacting individuals constitute a
plurality pattern of behavior

It consists of two or more persons of different status with various roles playing a part in a
pattern that is sustained by a physical and cultural base.

Q7: How to make more accurate prediction of behavior?

Ans: To predict to say in advance (what one believes will happen); foretell (a future event or
events). We can predict behavior, if we know how the person perceived the situation and what
is important for him or her.

 We expand our observations to include the behavior of others. We develop

generalizations that help us to predict and explain what people do and will do.
 Individual’s behavior is predictable only if we know how the person perceives the
situation and what is important to him or her.
 Predictability can be improved by replacing your intuition power by a more systematic
approach which consists of important relationships. It holds the basic concept that
behavior is not random; it projects the individual’s beliefs, concept and then interest

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 etc. There are differences in every individual and placed in similar situations they do not
react alike.
 Based upon knowing the behavior of the individual in the past, their behavior in the
future is highly predictable.