-95% of prostatic neoplasms are -Germ line mutation in the BRCA2 & BRCA1 -Bladder obstruction symptoms

adenocarcinomas gene~ related to breast cancer gene >Urinary retention

-Occurs outside in the periphery of the -1st degree relatives have a 2x increased >Dysuria -Rectal obstruction Michael
prostate risk >Slow stream -Liver enlargement
-Heterogeneous tumor -Having a genetic predisposition is not 100 >Hesitency -Lymph node enlargement Chau
-Alterations to size and shape of prostate penetrance >Hematuria -Bone pain at side if metastasizes Prostate
glandular cells (prostate intraepithelial cells >Incomplete emptying Cancer
(PIA)) >Painful urination
-Androgen (testosterone) and estrogen >Painful ejaculation -Gleason Score (Grading size,
imbalance -Bladder obstruction symptoms do shape)
-Chronic inflammation has been not remit with prostate cancer 1) Resembles normal cells small
associated with prostatic adenocarcinomas 2) Well-differentiated, loosely
due to damage from repeated inflammatory Genetics irregular, invades neighbor cells
response that results in injury and cell death 3) Most common, less-well
>Inflammation causes: infection, hormones, differentiated, variable shape
trauma, urine reflux, and diet 4) Poorly differentiated, highly
>Focal atrophy of PIA and PIA becomes irregular, invasion of neighbor cell
progressed
precursor to cancer cells Common
5) Undifferentiated, large masses,
Findings no longer normal, extensive
-Older Age Etiology/Causes invasion of neighbor cells
-Ethnicity (African American)
-Cigarette Smoking -Prostate Specific
-Vasectomy Antigen positive
-Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Pathophysiology testing:
BPH & Etiology >4 ng/ml
-Genetics **Can cause false
-Obesity/High BMI Diagnostic Tests positives and over
-Dietary:
Risk
diagnosis and
Factors
>high fats (Alpha-linolenic
acids)
>high sugar
Prostate treatment

-Tumor Nodes Metastasis

>Low vegetable/fiber intake

-Loss of
Cancer (TMN) staging

urinary control Complications of -Digital Rectal

disease/treatment Examination (DRE)

-Sexual
dysfunction -TransRectalUltra
Sound (TRUS)
-Over diagnosis
& Over
treatment -Tissue biopsy for
-Stress/Urge Treatment cancer confirmation
incontinence Management
-Loss of bowel -Metastasis to other
organ/tissue -Combination of
function -MRI, CT, Bone Scan to
any of the other
therapies check for metastasis to
other tissue

-Supportive
therapy -Observation of tumor size
-Surgical treatment -Watch and wait
-Chemotherapy
-Radiation >Prostectomy (Surveillance)
therapy >TURP -No treatment due to
>Cryotherapy ****risks vs benefits