Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PUNO,
Chairman,
AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,
- versus CALLEJO, SR.,
TINGA, and
CHICO-NAZARIO, JJ.
Promulgated:
NORMAN Y. PIKE,
R e s p o n d e n t. September 20, 2005
x----------------------------------------x
DECISION
CHICO-NAZARIO, J.:
This petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the 1997 Rules of
[1]
Civil Procedure, as amended, seeks to reverse the Decision dated 19
[2]
December 2002, and the Resolution dated 02 April 2003, both of the Court
of Appeals, in CA-G.R. CV No. 59389, which affirmed with modification the
[3]
Decision rendered by the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 07 of Manila,
dated 10 January 1997, in Civil Case No. 94-68821 in favor of herein
respondent Norman Pike (Pike).
[4]
The case stemmed from a complaint filed by herein respondent Pike
[5]
for damages against Philippine National Bank (PNB) on 04 January 1994.
DATE AMOUNT
31 March 1993 $3,500.00
05 April 1993 4,000.00
TOTAL $7,500.00
[6]
On the other hand, defendant PNB alleged, in its Motion to Dismiss of
18 April 1994, a counterstatement of facts. Its factual allegations read:
The Manager
Philippine National Bank
Buendia Branch
Paseo de Roxas cor. Gil Puyat Street
Makati, Metro Manila
Sir:
I also promise not to hold responsible the bank and its officers for
the withdrawal made on my dollar savings passbook on March 19
and April 5, 1993 respectively as a result of the lost (sic) of my
passbook.
On the same day May 6, 1993 Plaintiff Norman Y. Pike was allowed
by defendant bank to withdraw the remaining balance from his passbook .
A letter dated May 18, 1993 was sent to Plaintiffs counsel by PNB
stating that the Bank regrets that it cannot accede to such request
inasmuch as the Bank exercised due diligence of a good father to his
family in the handling of transactions covering the deposit account of Mr.
Pike .
The trial court, in its decision dated 10 January 1997, made the following
findings of fact:
. . .
[10]
Costs against appellant.
The court cannot also understand why the bank did not
require the correct, proper and the usual procedure of
requiring a depositor who is withdrawing the money through a
representative to fill up the back portion of the withdrawal
slips, which form was issued by the bank itself.
Petitioner PNB now seeks the review of the aforequoted decision and
resolution of the Court of Appeals predicated on the following issues:
I.
II.
III.
[12]
Petitioner PNB contends that due to the verbal instructions of
respondent Pike, a valued depositor, it allowed the withdrawal by another
person. Plus, the fact that said respondent withdrew the remaining balance in
his US Savings Account and executed a waiver releasing petitioner PNB from
any liability due to the loss of the funds should rightly negate a finding of
negligence on its part. Accordingly, petitioner PNB claims that the appellate
court, as well as the trial court erred in holding that the withdrawals in
question were unauthorized as the signatures appearing on the subject
withdrawal slips were forgeries. Petitioner PNB, therefore, argues that it
should not be held liable for the amount withdrawn from the account of
respondent Pike in the sum of $7,500.00, as well as for moral and exemplary
damages.
are questions of fact and not of law. Inexorably, these issues call for an
inquiry into the facts and evidence on record. This, as we have so often held,
we cannot do.
Elementary is the rule that this Court is not the appropriate venue to
consider anew the factual issues as it is not a trier of facts, and, it generally
does not weigh anew the evidence already passed upon by the Court of
[14]
Appeals. When this Court is tasked to go over once more the evidence
presented by both parties, and analyze, assess and weigh them to ascertain if
the trial court and the appellate court were correct in according superior credit
to this or that piece of evidence of one party or the other, the Court cannot and
[15]
will not do the same. Such task is foreclosed by the rule enunciated under
[16]
Section 1 of Rule 45 of the Rules of Court:
[21]
Q: Mr. Witness, when the original of Exhibit B was presented to you
for approval, how many signatures of depositor appears thereon?
A: Two (2) signatures appears (sic) on the face of the withdrawal slip.
A: Yes, sir.
A: Received.
Q: So, what you are saying is that, the depositor here signed this even
before receiving the amount?
A: Because before the withdrawal was made, Mr. Pike, the depositor came
to the bank when he withdrew the $2,000.00 and instructed me or
requested us even the supervisor to honor all withdrawal slip.
Q: And this is a regular procedure?
A: Yes, sir.
A: Yes, sir.
A: And banking is a fast transaction between the depositor and the bank.
Q: And then, is the use of the back portion of the withdrawal slip with a
heading of authorization?
A: Normally, a depositor and the bank agrees on certain terms that if you
allow withdrawal from his account, his or her account, its enough
that the signature of the depositor appears on both spaces in the
front side of the withdrawal slip. Even if you do not have the back
portion of the withdrawal slip.
A: Yes, sir.
Q: And that has been done with the other withdrawal slip of Norman Pike
as stated or as shown in the Statement of Account?
A: Yes, sir.
A: Yes, sir.
Q: You are also saying that on March 15, 1993, you likewise met Joy
Manuel Dabasol?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: And you (sic) also saying on March 15, 1993, you also met Norman
Pike, the depositor,
A: Yes, sir.
Q: And Mr. Norman Pike was already transacting with you long before
that day, is this correct? For how long was he transacting with you?
A: Maybe.
Q: And the withdrawal made on April 5, 1993 which you approved, you
did not look at Exhibit C, the Savings Signature Card Individual?
Q: Yes or no?
A: No, sir.
[22]
Q: And Mr. witness, Exhibit C-1 which is being kept at your vault,
also contains a picture?
A: Yes, sir.
A: Yes, sir.
Q: And are you familiar with the identity of the depositor Norman Pike?
Q: His appearance?
A: Not so much. Because there are so much depositor (sic) in the bank.
[23]
[Emphasis ours.]
By his own testimony, the witness negated the very reason for the banks
bizarre accommodation of the alleged verbal request of respondent Pike that
he was a valued client. From the aforequoted, it appears that the witness,
Lorenzo Bal, was not even reasonably familiar with respondent Pike, yet, he
was ready, willing and able to accommodate the verbal request of said
depositor. Worse still, the witness still approved the withdrawal transaction
without asking for any proof of identification for the reason that: 1) Davasol
was in possession of a pre-signed withdrawal slip; and 2) the witness
recognized the signature of respondent Pike even after admitting that he did
not bother to counter check the signature on the slip with the specimen
signature card of respondent Pike and that he met respondent Pike just once so
that he cannot seem to recall what the latter looks like. The ensuing quoted
testimony of the same witness will justify a finding of negligence amounting
to bad faith, to wit:
A: Yes, sir.
A: I cannot recall his face but then he is a Talent manager, because there
are so many depositors in the bank.
. . .
Q: Mr. witness, you are saying that Mr. Pike, the depositor gave you
verbal authority to honor withdrawal by Joy Manuel Dabasol?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: Why did you not require then that Mr. Pike instead sign the
authorization portion and that the name of Joy Manuel Dabasol
appear thereon with his signature?
. . .
A: I required Mr. Norman Pike to sign the withdrawal slip on the face of
the withdrawal slip.
. . .
Q: Mr. witness, when on April 5, 1993, when Joy Dabasol came to the
office and according to you, you do not remember him, is that
correct?
. . .
A: Yes, on April 5.
Q: Did you require him to produce any Identification Card, yes or no?
A: No.
Q: And how did you know then that it was Joy Dabasol who was making
the withdrawal on April 5?
. . .
A: Yes.
A: It is not SPO, but when you knew the client, Your Honor, you have to
honor also the trust and confidence. Let us say if you
Q: According to you, you met Norman Pike only on March 15, 1993 and
immediately you allowed him to withdraw through pre-signed
withdrawal slip?
. . .
Q: You did not even bother to look at the Savings Signature Card
Individual, yes or no?
[24]
A: No, sir. [Emphases supplied.]
have already put petitioner PNBs employees on guard. Rather than readily
From the foregoing, the evidence clearly showed that the petitioner bank
did not exercise the degree of diligence that it ought to have exercised in
dealing with their clients.
Though passed long after the unauthorized withdrawals in this case, the
aforequoted provision is a statutory affirmation of Supreme Court decisions
already in esse at the time of such withdrawals. We elucidated in the 1990
[27]
case of Simex International, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, that the bank is
under obligation to treat the accounts of its depositors with meticulous care,
[28]
always having in mind the fiduciary nature of their relationship.
Likewise, in the case of The Consolidated Bank and Trust Corporation v.
[29]
Court of Appeals, we clarified that said fiduciary relationship means that
the banks obligation to observe highest standards of integrity and performance
is deemed written into every deposit agreement between a bank and its
depositor. The fiduciary nature of banking requires banks to assume a degree
of diligence higher than that of a good father of a family. Article 1172 of the
[30]
New Civil Code states that the degree of diligence required of an obligor
is that prescribed by law or contract, and absent such stipulation then the
diligence of a family. In every case, the depositor expects the bank to treat his
account with the utmost fidelity, whether such accounts consist only of a few
[31]
hundred pesos or of millions of pesos.
Anent the issue of the propriety of the award of damages in this case,
petitioner PNB asseverates that there was no evidence to prove that respondent
[32]
Pike suffered anguish, embarrassment and mental sufferings due to its acts
in allowing the alleged unauthorized withdrawals. And, having relied on the
instructions of a valued depositor, petitioner PNB likewise avers that its
actions were made in good faith, for this reason, there is no factual basis for
said award.
SO ORDERED.
MINITA V. CHICO-NAZARIO
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
REYNATO S. PUNO
Associate Justice
Chairman
DANTE O. TINGA
Associate Justice
ATTESTATION
I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision were reached in consultation before the
case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Courts Division.
REYNATO S. PUNO
Associate Justice
Chairman, Second Division
CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to Article VIII, Section 13 of the Constitution, and the Division Chairmans
Attestation, it is hereby certified that the conclusions in the above Decision were reached in
consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Courts Division.
HILARIO G. DAVIDE, JR.
Chief Justice
[1]
P e n n e d b y A s s o c i a t e J u s t i c e J u a n Q . E n r i q u e z , J r. w i t h A s s o c i a t e J u s t i c e s B e r n a r d o P. A b e s a m i s a n d
E d g a r d o F. S u n d i a m , c o n c u r r i n g ; R o l l o , p . 8 .
[2]
Rollo, p. 16.
[3]
P e n n e d b y H o n o r a b l e E n r i c o A . L a n z a n a s , p r e s i d i n g j u d g e o f RT C - B r a n c h 0 7 , M a n i l a ; R o l l o , p . 4 3 .
[4]
Records, pp. 1-5.
[5]
I n h i s c o m p l a i n t f i l e d b e f o r e t h e RT C , h e r e i n r e s p o n d e n t P i k e p r a y e d t h a t j u d g m e n t b e r e n d e r e d
ordering defendant PNB (herein petitioner) to pay the following:
1. US$7,500.00 plus 3% interest per month until fully paid representing actual damages;
2. P25,000.00 for and as attorneys fees plus P1,000.00 honorarium per court appearance;
3. P50,000.00 as moral damages;
4. P50,000.00 as exemplary damages; and
5. P20,000.00 as cost of suit and litigation expenses.
RT C R e c o r d s , p . 4 .
[6]
Records, pp. 22-47.
[7]
Rollo, pp. 52-54.
[8]
Rollo, pp. 54-55.
[9]
[denial of mr by rtc].
[10]
Rollo, p. 15.
[11]
Rollo, pp. 12-13.
[12]
A c c o r d i n g t o p e t i t i o n e r P N B s AV P L o r e n z o T. B a l , r e s p o n d e n t P i k e g a v e v e r b a l i n s t r u c t i o n s t o a l l o w
the latters representative, namely Joy Manuel Davasol, to be able to withdraw from said US $
Savings Account by presenting a pre-signed withdrawal slip.
[13]
T h e p e r s o n w h o , u n d i s p u t e d l y, w i t h d r e w t h e a m o u n t o f $ 7 , 5 0 0 . 0 0 f r o m t h e U S D o l l a r S a v i n g s A c c o u n t
of respondent Pike.
[14]
P r u d e n t i a l B a n k a n d Tr u s t C o m p a n y v. R e y e s , G . R . N o . 1 4 1 0 9 3 , 2 0 F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 1 , 3 5 2 S C R A 3 1 6 ; a n d
L a n g k a a n R e a l t y D e v e l o p m e n t , I n c . v. U n i t e d C o c o n u t P l a n t e r s B a n k , G . R . N o . 1 3 9 4 3 7 , 0 8
December 2000, 347 SCRA 542.
[15]
E l a y d a v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 4 9 3 2 7 , 1 8 J u l y 1 9 9 1 , 1 9 9 S C R A 3 4 9 .
[16]
Appeal by Certiorari to the Supreme Court
[17]
Question of law has been defined as one that does not call for any examination of the probative value
of the evidence presented by the parties.
[18]
B o r r o m e o v. S u n , G . R . N o . 7 5 9 0 8 , 2 2 O c t o b e r 1 9 9 9 , 3 1 7 S C R A 1 7 6 .
[19]
B P I v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 1 0 2 3 8 3 , 2 6 N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 2 , 2 1 6 S C R A 5 1 .
[20]
TSN, 01 December 1994, pp. 18-20.
[21]
Wi t h d r a w a l s l i p f o r $ 4 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 .
[22]
Savings Signature Card of Norman Pike.
[23]
TSN, 01 December 1994, pp. 22-25.
[24]
Id., pp. 26-52.
[25]
The General Banking Law of 2000.
[26]
T h e C o n s o l i d a t e d B a n k a n d Tr u s t C o r p o r a t i o n v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 1 3 8 5 6 9 , 11 S e p t e m b e r
2003, 410 SCRA 562.
[27]
G.R. No. 88013, 19 March 1990, 183 SCRA 360.
[28]
B a n k o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e I s l a n d s v. I n t e r m e d i a t e A p p e l l a t e C o u r t , G . R . N o . 6 9 1 6 2 , 2 1 F e b r u a r y 1 9 9 2 ,
2 0 6 , S C R A 4 0 8 ; Ta n v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 1 0 8 5 5 5 , 2 0 D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 4 , 2 3 9 S C R A 3 1 0 ;
M e t r o p o l i t a n B a n k & Tr u s t C o v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 11 2 5 7 6 , 2 6 O c t o b e r 1 9 9 4 , 2 3 7 S C R A
7 6 1 ; F i r e s t o n e v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 11 3 2 3 6 , 0 5 M a r c h 2 0 0 1 , 3 5 3 S C R A 6 0 1 .
[29]
Supra, note 19.
[30]
The provisions of the New Civil Code on simple loan govern the contract between a bank and its
d e p o s i t o r. S p e c i f i c a l l y, A r t i c l e 1 8 8 0 c a t e g o r i c a l l y p r o v i d e s t h a t . . . s a v i n g s . . . d e p o s i t s o f m o n e y
in banks and similar institutions shall be governed by the provisions concerning simple loan. Thus,
t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n a b a n k a n d i t s d e p o s i t o r i s t h a t o f a d e b t o r- c r e d i t o r, t h e d e p o s i t o r b e i n g t h e
c r e d i t o r a s i t l e n d s t h e b a n k m o n e y ; a n d t h e b a n k i s t h e d e b t o r, w h i c h a g r e e s t o p a y t h e d e p o s i t o r o n
demand.
[31]
S u p r a , n o t e 11 .
[32]
Petitioner PNBs Memorandum, p. 43; Rollo, p. 277.
[33]
B a r z a g a v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 11 5 1 5 9 , 1 2 F e b r u a r y 1 9 9 7 , 2 6 8 S C R A 1 0 5 , 1 9 9 7 .
[34]
G.R. No. 139268, 03 September 2002.
[35]
Art. 2219. Moral damages may be recovered in the following and analogous cases:
(1) A c r i m i n a l o ff e n s e r e s u l t i n g i n p h y s i c a l i n j u r i e s ;
(10) Acts of actions referred to in articles 21, 26, 27, 28, 2930, 32, 34,
and 35.
The parents of the female seduced, abducted, raped, or abused, referred to in No. 3 of
this article, may also recover moral damages.
The spouse, descendants, ascendants, and brothers and sisters may bring the action mentioned in No. 9 of
this article, in the order named.
[36]
A r t . 2 2 2 0 . Wi l l f u l i n j u r y t o p r o p e r t y m a y b e a l e g a l g r o u n d f o r a w a r d i n g m o r a l d a m a g e s i f t h e c o u r t
should find that, under the circumstances, such damages are justly due. The same rule applies to breaches
of contract where the defendant acted fraudulently or in bad faith.
[37]
Article 2220 New Civil Code.
[38]
Supra.
[39]
Supra, note 27.
[40]
H e r b o s a v. C o u r t o f A p p e a l s , G . R . N o . 11 9 0 8 6 , 2 5 J a n u a r y 2 0 0 2 , 3 7 4 S C R A 5 7 8 .
[41]
G.R. No. 125536, 16 March 2000, 328 SCRA 264.
[42]
Art. 2208 (1) of the New Civil Code provides:
Art. 2208. In the absence of stipulation, attorneys fees and expenses of litigation, other than judicial costs,
cannot be recovered, except:
(1) When exemplary damages are awarded;
.