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CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A textile is the largest single industry in India (and amongst the biggest in
the world), according for about 20% of the total industrial production. It provides
direct employment to around 20 million people. Textile and clothing export account
for one-third of the total value of exports from the country. There are 1,227 textile
mills with spinning capacity of about 29 million spindles. Whole yarn is mostly
produced in the mills; fabrics are produced in the power loom and handloom sectors
as Well.
1.2 TRAINING
Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing
a particular job or to perform the task effectively. Training improves changes and
mould the employees Knowledge and skill, behavior and aptitude and attitude
towards the requirements of the job and organization.
1.3 DEFINITION
v It’
s not what you want in life, but know how to reach it..
v It’
s not where to u want to go, but it knows how to gets there.
v It’
s not how high you want to rise, but it knowing how to task off.
v It may not be quiet the outcome you were aiming for, but it will be an
outcome.
v It’
s not what you dream of doing but it’
s having the knowledge to do it.
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The study is mainly based on the details collected from each department .it
provides a better understanding at functional level of each department i.e. purchase,
materials, production, marketing, finance and human resources management. Each
and Evert activity of the company has been studied very carefully with the data
available. Apart from that I gained knowledge of the functioning of different
departments and their interrelationship with each others.
v The study is mainly based on the details collected from each department.
v It provides a better understanding at functional level of each department.
v Each and avert activity of the company has been studied very carefully with
To be data available.
v Apart from that gained I knowledge of the functioning of different depart
mends and their relationship with each other.
v This study helps me familiarize with the manufacturing of emissions control
products for the automotive industry.
v This report will be helpful for the company in order to to find their weakness
and build up their strengths.
Bojaraj Textile Mills ltd., is located in Theni, South India, and was started in
1961. Since then it has strengthen its production infrastructure spread across
spinning, textile processing and weaving .coverings almost full range of the
activities of textile industry, from raw cotton to ready to wear garments.
In spinning the installed spindle age of the company is 34,000 with more to be
with ongoing capacity expansion program. They have installed Suessen Elite
compact spinning machine to offer compact yarn of various counts. All yarns are
wound on the latest Murata 21c Auto comers. Our new rieter open-end spinning
technology has been strengthened with-in-built automatic yarn length and quality
monitoring devices. The company has a state of the art Yarn testing facility and is
planning to strengthen the quality assurance by adding sophisticated lab equipments
and online monitoring facilities.
They have also established polyester Air-Jet Spinning with Murata Jet Spinning
technology and this air-jet division currently being enhanced with start-of the
Murata Vortex Spinning machines. In weaving division presently fitted with High
Speed Dobby and cam looms 81 projectile looms (390 to 180 cms width), 75Rudi C
shuttle looms (220,180 & 120 CMS) and 4 Air Jet TsudoKoma (190cms) 12 Air Jet
Piconal (360) and Novapignone rapier looms (190 cams), will soon have more
modern looms which will enhance its fabric production from the current 3.5 lakhs
meters a month to 1 million meters. The company also has in-house world class
beginner warping warping & sizing and processingcapacities. This has helped the
company to scatter to growing export market and specialized in industrial fabrics
and blankets for medical applications.
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They have a world class stitching and finishing equipped with high utility imported
sewing machines.
Their processing division includes 150 tones fabric bleaching capacity with 105
inches,8-colour rotary printing unit. The company’
s professionalism in operations,
ethical motives and right technology has enabled. It is to achieve the scaled
competitiveness. With years of experience and expertise, we are of offering our
customer quality textile product, whether it yarn, and fabric on the finished garment.
High quality percale sheeting wills, poplins, crepes, waffles, sateen-checks and
stripes, VOILE, feather proof etc.,
Industrial fabrics of various specification and piece length up to 1000 meters are
without joints.
Duck fabrics and canvas fabrics up to 21 oz. In plain weave and special fabrics up to
30oz or more.
2.1.4 Yarns
v OE-6Ne to 20 Ne
v Ring spun –6 Ne to 120 Ne (combed and carded-auto censed SIRO
cleared cotton yarns)
v Poly cotton yarns –6Neto 45Ne
v MJS Yarns-12Ne to 30 Ne
v TFO ply yarns, special count yarns, and soft twist yarns
2.1.5 Garments
v Scrubs
v Shirts and trousers
v Industrial work
2.2.2 Directors
v Arranging company’
s general body meeting, annual general meeting.
v Keeping records as per Companies Act 1956.
v Maintaining minute’
s book.
v Contract review.
v All export and import correspondence.
v Dispatches/exports statement and records.
2.2.12 Supervisors
VISION
MISSION
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Manager
Production Purchase
Finance
department department
department
HR department Marketing
department
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3.1 ABSTRACT
The textile sector in India next ranks to agriculture. Textile is one of India’
s
oldest countries and has a formidable presence in the national economy in as much
as it contributes to about 14 percent of manufacturing value addition, accounts for
around one-third of our gross export earnings and provides gainful employment to
millions of people. The textile industry occupies unique place in our country. One of
the earliest to come existence in India, it accounts for 14% of the of the total
industrial production, contributes to pearly 30% of the total exports and is the
second largest employment generator after agriculture.
3.2 INTRODUCTION
The Indian textile is one of the largest in the world with a massive raw material
and textile manufacturing and textiles manufacturing base. Our economy is largely
dependent on the textile, manufacturing and trade in addition to other major
industries. About 27% of the foreign exchanges’earnings are on account of export
of textile and clothing alone. The textile and clothing sector contributes about 14%
to the industrial production and 3%to the gross domestic product of the country.
Around 8%of the total excise revenue collection is contributed by the textile
industry. So much so, the textiles industry accounts for as large as 21% of the total
employment generated in the economy. Around 3-5 million people are directly
employment in the textiles manufacturing activities. Indirect employment including
the manpower engaged in agriculture based raw material production like cotton and
related trade and handling could be stated to be around another 60 millions.
The fundamental strength of this industry flows its strong production base of wide
range of fibers/yarns from natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk, and wool to
synthetic/man-made fibers like polyester, viscose, nylon and acrylic. We can just
track he strong multi-fiber strong based highlighting the following important
positions reckon by this industry across globe are:
In the middle Ages, cotton manufactures were in universal demand not only in
the eastern markets but also in the European markets. The muslin of Dacca was of
finest quality and was used for wrapping Egyptian mummies: and for adopting the
beauties of the Roman Empire. Calicos of Calicut, chintzes of masulipatinam, Baftes
of Cambay and gold Roman Empire. Calicos of Calicut, chintzes of
masulipatipatinam, Broad all acquired a worldwide celebrity.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the cotton industry was mainly located in the
GangaValley, Gujarat and Khandesi region and the eastern coast of South India from
Nagapatinam to Dacca: and on the west coast from Haruch to Surat and Cambay.
The first modern cotton textile mill was started in 1818 in Howrah but in soon
disappeared. The real beginning of the industry goes to 1851, when Bombay
spinning and weaving co.Ltd., was set up[ at Bombay. Production started in 1854.
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Since then the industry got and a number of new mills were opened by the parish,
Bhatia and Gujarat entrepreneurs.
After 1858, mills began to be opened in the upcountry area, first in Ahmadabad and
then in Kanpur, Nagpur, Sholapur, etc., initially the mills produced course yarn but
later on to meet Japanese market, the First World War, and the grant of fiscal
protection, as well as the great demand of cloth during the Second World War.
The result was that the number of mills increased from 334 in 1925 to 389 in 1939 to
417 to in 1945; and the production also increased from4012 million yards in 1039-
40 to 4726 million yards in 1945-46.
During the plan periods not only a number of mills were set up but utilization of
existing capacity of the industry had also to be increased.
India’
s cotton textiles industry holders the third place among the cotton cloth
producing countries in the world, next to USA and China. It ranks second in the
world in cotton textile trade. It is the first amongst the industrial in the country. It is
the largest industrials employer in the country, provides employment to 9.31 cores
people. The industry has assets worth more than Rs.3000crore, and a history of over
130 years. There are overall 1825 mills in the country with 377.2 lakes spindles and
450000 rotores, Of these mils,192 are in public sectors,153 and 1479are in co
operative and private sectors respectively. Apart from the vast number employed in
producing cotton in the field and it’
s processing at the ginning and pressing factories,
there are over 90 lakes workers in handloom in handloom and power loom sectors.
Besides, by providing a demand ,the industry also open up avenues of livelihood to a
large number of men engaged in cotton textiles machinery, mill stores, chemicals
and other supplies whose annual consumption runs into nearly Rs.332 crore annually.
In India, the cotton mill industry consists of two sections; the spinning mills and
the composite mills. Although a certain amount of traditional separation in respect of
yarn and cloth is still noticeable the present tendency is towards integrations. The
lines of cotton manufacture of yarn and woven good and these supplies more than
90%of the country’
s requirements for decentralized sector.
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The location of the cotton textile industry is based on the availability of raw
material and on the power supply. By nature the cotton used as raw material in the
sense that it does not lose much of its weight in the process of manufacture and the
slight loss that it does not lose much of its weight in the process of manufacture and
the slight loss that occurs is more than compensated by the use of sizing materials,
There is on materials difference between the cost transporting cotton and its
manufactures as both the bales of raw cotton as well as the cotton cloth can be easily
transported over long distances without adding much to the total cost of production.
From the point of view of cotton production, the important regions are Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab. In some
of these areas best type of long-stable cotton is grown besides mediums staple cotton.
Both of these are abundantly use for the manufacturing fine and medium varieties of
cloths. Other areas such as Rajasthan, Uthra Pradesh and West Bengal produce short
stabled cotton which is used for producing coarse fabrics. Cotton textile industry is,
therefore largely concentrated in area lying near the cotton producing areas also in
these areas where’
d is could be easily transported. Such areas are the Ganga valley
Gujarat, Khandesi region, easer coast of south India and Maharashtra- Madhya
Pradesh continuous regions. Mumbai city, Ahmadabad and rest of the Gujarat and
Maharashtra states have been the chief regions of the industry. Of the total 691 mills
in the country, 54 are located in the Mumbai city and 50 rest of Maharashtra 66 in
Ahmadabad 46 in rest of Gujarat. Elsewhere the cotton mills are scattered wherever
raw cotton is available. The most notable feature of the distribution of the industry is
that even within the state the industry is localized within particular areas and regions,
almost to the complete seclusion of others.
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The India textile industry has been focusing on traditional market and traditional
products. It is high time that industry explores newer markets and moves into newer
value added products. The India textile industry beats the competition and makes a
niche for itself in the world market. The textile industry is considered as the
mother industry .Textile and clothing is the largest manufacturing sector in India,
according for about 20%of industrial output .India is the 11 largest exporters of both
textile and clothing .India textile industry has version strong foundation is the largest
producers of quality yarn
Fibers availability in India is good, labor cost are low .skilled and
professional’
s labor is availability in plenty
3.8 GARMENTS
Garments account for approximately 45%of the countries total textiles exports
During the year 2004-2005,ready made garment exports were –US$ 6 billion
,recording an increase of 4.1%of as compared to the corresponding period of 2003-
04.2004.During 2005-2006 the readymade garment exports have announced to
US$7.75billion,recording an increase of 28.69%over the exports during 2004-
2005.during the first quarter of 2006.2007the readymade garment have announced to
US$2.17billion ,recording an increase of 15.70%over the exports during the
corresponding period of 2005-2006.
The major competitors in this segment of the market are developed countries
Asian Tiger like Korea ,Taiwan ,Hong Hong and Singapore ,developing countries
like Bangladesh and Myanmar and china ,of course .In order to ensure quality of
garment exports.
The SSI tag on the garment industry shall removed present equity participation
of 24%by the foreign partners needs to be reviewed and joined ventures with
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Measures like stream lining internal quota Administration and freezing minimum
export prices is crucial for the future of the garment export industry.
Every industry has its own ups and downs .Textile industry is an exception
.There are many factors, which influence the market and the growth rate of textile
sectors. Major factors are in fracture, volume of labor production, labor laws,
availability of man power tariffs ,fluxion of currency rates and government politics.
Further bulk production mainly depends on technology of the machine, utilization of
the labor resources, financial assistances etc.
v Personnel department
v Finance department
v Purchase department
v Production department
v Marketing department
v Quality control department
v Finishing and packaging department
v Stores department
In this way a branch of general management which deals with the people at
work broadly.
Training: - It is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of a particular job. It is
concerned with imparting specific skills for particular purposes.
v Attendance level
v Work Interest
v Training change
4.1.3 Recruitment
4.1.4 Induction
Induction is the process of inducing a new employee into the social setting of
his work.
Finance is the heart for every organization. The department finance manager
controls the finance department. The manager is responsible for dealing with the
fixed capital term loan working capital and preparation of all stator accounts.
The total value of the investment is Rs.1 cor4ers. Monthly turnover of the
firm is around Rs.25 lakes. The mill has obtained assistance from Tamil nadu
mercantile bank in Theni,for working capital is Rs.25 lakes worth and the machinery
cost is Rs,50 lakes worth.The firm has made initial investment from partner’
s
contribution and by way of bank loan.
Loan
Someway the finance is also very important for a good and genuine
organization. Finance is a yardstick to measure the financial position of a concern.
Such a mystery finance has been well planned and controlled and controlled by a
qualified personality.
v Financial Accounting
v Cost Accounting
v Management Accounting
Are well maintained by this department individually .Before discussing about the
function and working of this department we have to know about the sources of fund.
v Business profit
v Loans from banks
v Over draft and cash credit facilities from bank
v Fixed deposits
v Sale of scraps
v Production expenses
v Administrative expenses
v Buying and administrative expenses
Generally the administration expenses met and maintained by the cashier in the
central officer. Sometimes even the expenses of the production unit are also met in
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the central office. But normally it is met through the bank in order to fix the internal
check auditing
The various sources of finance for the firm in the initial stages are mostly
from borrowings from relatives and proprietor’
s own savings and part of it is from
the fund raised as loan from the fund raised as loan from the financial institutions.
Working Capital is very much necessary for the smooth running of day today
activities of the business. The working capital requirement need is mostly catered by
planning firm’
s own profit financial institute.
4.2.6 Accounts
All receipts and payments the industry is recorded in the book of accounts.
The record is verified with an equal by the internal Audit Party, finally the balance
sheet prepared, it must be signed by the quailed Chartered Accountant.
members information contained in the accounts in the form of annual accounts but in
case of these type of firms it is not compulsory to record its transactions. It is always
good to record such transactions because it helps lot in decision making and in
predicting the future. Accounting system of the industry is the process of identifying,
measuring and communication and information. It facilities decision making with
the use of information and to meet statutory requirements.
The following books are maintained to their day today affairs of the business.
1. Cash book
2. Bank book
3. Purchase book
4. Sales book
5. Journal book
1.Cash book
In this type of Vouchers only cash transactions are handled. M INIUM RS1/-TO
UP TO Rs.19000/- will reimburse by voucher. As per Income Tax, the company Act
1961 has permitted to give up to Rs.19000/-by cash only. If the amount exceeds the
payment will be made by Cheque/Demand Draft only.
2. Bank book
It means a person making payment to company by way his due. The due comes
for the purchase of finished product for his own or in trade purpose. We should keep
in mind 90% of funds have come by way of bank receipt only.
It is nothing but, the company shall make their payment by cash exceeds
Rs.19000/-More than 80% PF payment are going by Cheque/Demand Draft only.
The company issue Cheque/Demand Draft for their following dues.
Purchase book
It reveals all type of purchase made during the accounting year. From this we can
to ascertain net purchase of raw materials during the year.
Sales book
It is one of the main register in the organization, because all kinds of sales
transaction reentered in the register.
It includes the local sale of its products within Tamilnadu like Madurai, Erode,
Karur, Tiruppur and Salem. The company has maintained separate register for m its
depot of consignment sales.
a) Creditors Ledgers
b) Debtors Ledger
Debtor’
s ledger.
Mainly raw materials like cotton, viscose, staple virgin cotton staple fiber
polyester stable and cotton waste are purchased. In our country the cotton growing
states are Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
The main raw materials are cotton and viscose. The raw materials are purchased
after getting various samples from different cotton merchants ,they supply it along
with full specification such as varieties, rates, staple length etc., regarding raw
materials, the purchase manger will call for allocation from various suppliers. Before
purchasing the cotton the purchase manager will check the stock level requirements.
Then he will take the decision how much to order. After receiving the
information finally the company selects the suppliers, the company places orders
with them
There are many variable processes available at the spinning and fabric-forming
stages coupled with complexities of the finishing and coloration processes to the
techniques to achieves the same results
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Purchasing is a managerial activity which goes beyond the simple act of buying
and includes the planning and policy activities covering a wide range of related and
complementary activities.
The purchase officers are the people responsible for discharging purchasing
function. The head of the section of the department is the purchasing agent, also
known s the purchasing officer, manager or buyer.
After selecting the best source of purchase the next task is to p-lace the order.
For this, the company makes a legal order within the supplier on a form known as a
purchase order.
There are three types of company. Their trading determines their approach to
purchasing.
1. No Stock
1. Fabric stock
2. Garment stock
Garment stock companies produce range of garments of their own design, the
purchase materials, manufacture the garments and put them in stock; customers
select garments from catalogue, which are dispatched on receipt of contract.
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Our textile makes the production process for manufacturing the goods and
services which are created for customers. It includes the activities of procurement
and utilization of the factors of production namely men, material and equipment.
The step by step conversion of raw material into finished product is known as
production department.
Mainly raw materials like cotton, viscose, staple virgin cotton, staple fiber,
polyester stable and cotton waste are purchased. In our country the cotton growing
states are Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Gujarat
The main raw material is cotton and viscose. The materials are purchased field
getting various samples from are varieties, rates, staple, length etc., regarding raw
materials, are purchase manger will call for allocation from various suppliers. First
step is to purchase the quality of material. After selecting the suppliers the company
place orders with them. Textile manufacturing is a major industry. It is based in the
conversion of three types of fibre, into yarn, then fabric, then textiles, then textiles.
There are then fabricated into clothes or other artifacts. Cotton remains the most
important natural fiber, so is treated in depth. The following are the various stages of
production.
v Mixing or Blending
v Blow room
v Carding
v Sliver lap
v Ribbon lap,
v COMBER
v Draw frame
Experts keenly manage these various stages. The super spinning mills give more
priority for quality. The various production processes in details:
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4.4.1 Mixing
There are different varieties of raw cotton purchased from various firms. There
various varieties of raw cotton are together according to the needs of the count.
Mixing is “
the process of blending two or more varieties of raw cottons on the
ration basis”
. The mixing process is also known as blending process.
In blowing process, Dust and leaves are processed through blow room,which
is having a series of machines for “
opening and clearing”
. The wastages are
extracted or removed by means of beater. Afterpurification, the cotton is rolled in a
roller. The rolled form of cotton is called as “
Lap”
In the blow room lap weighting is the usual practice. The lap weight will be changed
according to the different counts of yarn, but the length and width will remain the
same.
The whole room lap weighing is the automatic system. The blow room is a very
important process where fire accident usually occurs. Super insured its blow room.
4.4.3 Carding
The purified cotton from carding is converted into fibres. These fibers are
collected is called as “
silver”
. In carding fine silver threads are produced by
removing short fibres. The carding silver passed through combing machines to
remove dust and fibres
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4.4.5 Comber
The next stage of carding process is called as combing. The out of threads from
the carding will not in parallel if the “
Combing”process is used. During the process
of combining the specified percentage of short fibers is removed, from the mass. For
improving the quality of yarn short fibers in the cotton are to be removed, the
comber removes the short fibers and also strengthens the yarn.
4.4.7Simplex
4.4.8 Spinning
Spinning process is the key function. The bobbin shaped thin sliver is passed
through the drafting rollers of a ring frame in order to obtain the designed diameter
while a set of twist is inserted to bind the fibres. Then the output is obtained.
4.4.9 Winding
The smaller length of crop obtained from the ring frame is converted into
packages on a winding machine and the defects like thick, thin and impurities are
removed during this process.
MARKETING MANAGER
MARKETING EXECUTIVE
MARKETING ASSISTANCE
Marketing planning stats from understanding the market and the opportunities it
offers. The small apparel firms have to regularly watch assess the marker
environment either in domestic or overseas. They have to have a strong sense about
the fashion cycle which determines the demand for any apparel product. This is very
important to predict what will happen to the product in future. A fashion cycle has
five distinctive but continuous stages such as introduction in future.
A fashion cycle has five distinctive but continuous stages such as introduction,
rise, peak, decline and rejection. The cycle may also recur after certain number of
latent years. Many, fashions cycles might behave like a fad and a few cycles would
continue as classics. Fads are fashions thatare adopted quickly with and great
enthusiasm and decline very fast .Classics fashions always stay in consumer day-to-
day life.
For example, cotton sari is a classic and boot cut jeans is a fad, Apart from this,
the marketers must be vigilant about the competitors activity. For example, the
competitors might come up with innovative new products to serve a niche market
that would be substantial enough to hold interest.
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Further, they should also look at the supplies, distributes and retailers volume of
business and profitability to expand the business in terms of forward or backward
integration.
All the customers are not the same. Their and wants differ. Hence, the marketing
efforts can not be the same for all the customers. But there may be Similarities
among group of customers in terms of their needs and wants. Segmenting is nothing
but identifying such groups.
Pricing includes the decisions related to list price, discounts allowances and
payment-period and credit terms. Place means the activities of the firm that make the
product available to target consumers. It includes decisions such as distributor
network or having own retail shops, transportation, logistic and factory locations.
Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade
target customers to buy it. It includes advertising, sales promotion, personal selling
and public relations decisions. All these decisions can be manipulated for strategic
purpose of entering, growing and competing in the market. The marketing mix
decisions help the firm to actually establish a strong positioning in the minds of the
target customers.
The term “
Quality Control”consist of two words namely quality and control.
Quality refers to combination of the characteristics that distinguish from in to
another in term of their size, design, color materials and finished goods etc., the
control refers to the comparison of standard and actual location of deviation.
After the function over in the processing department the products are sent to the
finishing department in that department the following works have been done:
v Cutting
v Grading
v Stitching
v Scissoring
The packaging department done the packaging unit after finished goods is come
underthe grounds. The goods are covered by polythene bag and then are packaged in
bags. The number of towels in the each package will vary depending upon the
requirements
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Storage is the function of receiving storing and issuing material. It involve the
supervision of raw materials and ensure that they due maintained in good condition.
Stores are not meant for stocking purchased, materials’alone. Semi finished
goods finished goods, spares and consumable are also kept in stores.
Our stores manger, one store keeper, one assistant store keeper and their cotton
go down of managing director of stores management.
The custodian of stores is generally known as stores or stores controller. There items,
which are not use for some specifies duration, e.g. spare parts and the raw materials
are called and stores in building or space where these are kept in known as stores
room.
CHAPTER V –CONCLUSION
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5.1 CONCLUSION
From this study, I have almost the organization structure of Bojaraj textile
mills Ltd., Thought this training I got an idea about the functions of the quality
departments. I got a wonderful experience and the organization people. In this
organization it has been found that this company maintaining good relationship
with workers and the workers are compensate properly. The company
renders service to the public by means of offering good quality of yarn at
reasonable prices and also it provides as more employment opportunities to the
poor people. It provides good working condition and other facilities to the
workers. Particularly to say, quality circle is a very important concept that is
implemented in this organization it is a way of problem solving techniques as
well side by side unity becomes very strong among the employee.
REFERENCES
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4. http:/ / www.google.com
5. http:/ / www.wikipedia.com
Pictures:
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