Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Lyn Gabud
25 January 2017
Gabud.CS11.
Outline:
1) Basic Computer Concepts
What is a computer?
Why use computers?
Types of computers
Some computer terminologies
2) Basic Components of a Computer
3) Number Systems & Conversions
Gabud.CS11.
Outline:
1) Basic Computer Concepts
What is a computer?
Why use computers?
Types of computers
Some computer terminologies
2) Basic Components of a Computer
3) Number Systems & Conversions
Gabud.CS11.
What is a Computer?
A machine that performs a variety of tasks
according to specific instructions.
A data processing machine:
1. Input
2. Processor
3. Storage
4. Output
Gabud.CS11.
Why use computers?
Gabud.CS11.
Types of Computers
(according to capacity)
1. Supercomputers
Fastest, very expensive, very large
Specialized and task specific computers used by
large organizations
Used for research and exploration purposes
Gabud.CS11.
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/images/content/460445main_ACD10-0095-001.jpg
Gabud.CS11.
Types of Computers
(according to capacity)
2. Mainframe computers
Used for centralized processing and storage by
large organizations, such as goverment, banks,
insurance company
A powerful multi-user computer capable of
supporting many hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.
Gabud.CS11.
Types of Computers
(according to capacity)
3. Minicomputers
Midrange in speed & size
A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to
hundreds of users simultaneously.
4. Microcomputers
Small and for individual use
a) personal computer
b) portable computer
Gabud.CS11.
Some Computer Terminologies
Program
―
Set of instructions written to describe a specific
task for the computer to perform.
Programming
―
Process of designing and implementing the
operations to be performed by the computer to
solve a particular problem or to accomplish a
specific task.
Gabud.CS11.
Some Computer Terminologies
System
―
Set of arrangement of parts that act together to
perform a function.
e.g. Human body consists of a set of systems.
Data
―
Any collection of facts. Raw material gathered from
one or more sources.
Information
―
“Processed” data. Organized & meaningful to the
person receiving it.
e.g. 1 – data; grade of 1 - information
Gabud.CS11.
Some Computer Terminologies
Codes
―
Set of symbols that represent another set of
symbols.
Application
―
Things that computer can do for the benefit of the
user.
e.g. payroll processing, record keeping
Gabud.CS11.
Some Computer Terminologies
Bit
―
Smallest and most basic unit of storage.
Byte : 8 bits
KiloByte (KB) : 1024 bytes or 1000 bytes
MegaByte (MB): 1048576 or 1000000 bytes
GigaByte (GB) : 1073741824 bytes or
1000000000 bytes
Gabud.CS11.
Outline:
1) Basic Computer Concepts
What is a computer?
Why use computers?
Types of computers
Some computer terminologies
2) Basic Components of a Computer
3) Number Systems & Conversions
Gabud.CS11.
Basic Components of a Computer
1. Hardware (tangible)
Physical machines / parts that make up a
computer installation
2. Software (intangible)
Gabud.CS11.
3 Main Hardware Components
A) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
"brain" of the computer
follows the instructions in a program and performs the
calculations specified by the program
very simple brain (All that it can do is follow a set of simple
instructions provided to by the programmer)
http://6iee.com/524604.html
Gabud.CS11.
3 Main Hardware Components
B) Memory
data and instructions needed by the CPU to do its
appointed tasks can be found here
divided into several storage locations which have
corresponding addresses. The CPU accesses the
memory with the use of these addresses.
Gabud.CS11.
3 Main Hardware Components
B) Memory
Computer's MAIN
MEMORY is
considered as
VOLATILE storage.
SECONDARY
MEMORY (or
secondary storage),
such as floppy disks
and magnetic tapes,
are non-volatile.
Gabud.CS11.
http://www.slideshare.net/siddiqueibrahim37/secondary-storage-31237464
Gabud.CS11.
http://2static.fjcdn.com/pictures/Assembling_733252_5577795.jpg
Gabud.CS11.
3 Main Hardware Components
C) Input / Output (I/O) Devices
I/O devices get information from the user as well
as give messages out in return.
e.g. keyboard, printer
Gabud.CS11.
Software
consists of a group of integrated programs that
tells the hardware what to do
includes all information residing in the main
memory of the computer, all information residing
in secondary memory, and all instructions that the
CPU is able to execute
Gabud.CS11.
Some Types of Computer Software
A. Operating Systems
» Program whose basic job is to make the
computer usable.
» Without it, a computer is just a collection of
CPUs, memory chips, and other peripherals.
e.g.: DOS, Windows, UNIX, Linux, OSX
Gabud.CS11.
Some Types of Computer Software
B. Compilers
The computer understands only one language: machine
language. Machine language is in the form of ones and zeros
only. Since it is highly impractical for people to create
programs out of zeros and ones, there must be a way of
translating or converting a language which we understand
into machine language, for this purpose, there exists
compilers.
Used to convert programs from a source language to a target
language (i.e. machine language). One such source language
is called C, and the name of a popular C compiler is Turbo C.
Gabud.CS11.
Outline:
1) Basic Computer Concepts
What is a computer?
Why use computers?
Types of computers
Some computer terminologies
2) Basic Components of a Computer
3) Number Systems & Conversions
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Numbers can be represented in a variety of
ways. The representation depends on what is
called the BASE. The following are the four (4)
most common representations.
Decimal
Binary
Octal
Hexadecimal
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Decimal
Base 10
Digits: 0 - 9
Examples:
1234510 (normally written as just 12345)
6789010 (normally written as just 67890)
14310 (normally written as just 143)
1110 (normally written as just 11)
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Binary
Base 2
Digits: 0 - 1
Examples:
110102
01112
102
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Octal
Base 8
Digits: 0 - 7
Examples:
750128
163458
7238
108
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Hexadecimal
Base 16
Digits: 0 – 9 and letters A – F (or a-f)
Examples:
1A24B16
DE56F16
1F0516
9C16
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Conversion
Decimal to Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal
Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal to Decimal
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Conversion
Binary to Octal
Octal to Binary
Gabud.CS11.
Number Systems & Conversions
Conversion
Binary to Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary
Gabud.CS11.
Summary:
1) Basic Computer Concepts
What is a computer?
Why use computers?
Types of computers
Some computer terminologies
2) Basic Components of a Computer
3) Number Systems & Conversions