WATER SOLUBILITY CHART

1. Salts containing Group I elements are soluble (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+). Exceptions
to this rule are rare. Salts containing the ammonium ion (NH4+) are also soluble.
2. Inorganic Salts containing nitrate ion (NO3-) are generally soluble. (AgNO3 is
soluble)
[Exceptions: HgNO3, Ba(NO3)2,Co(NO3)3 are sparingly soluble ]
3. Salts containing Cl -, Br -, I - are generally soluble. The water-insoluble Cl-,Br-,I-
are also insoluble in Dilute mineral Acids.
[Exceptions: Halide salts of Ag+, Pb2+, and (Hg2)2+. Thus, AgCl, PbBr2, and Hg2Cl2
are all insoluble. Also, CuCl is sparingly soluble. But, AgCl is soluble.]
PbCl2, PbBr2, PbI2 are soluble in hot water.PbCl4 is only slightly soluble in clod
water.
4. Most silver salts are insoluble. AgNO3 and Ag(C2H3O2) are common soluble salts
of silver; virtually anything else is insoluble.
5. Solubility of sulphates decreases down the group. Among alkaline earth metals
CaSO4 is sparingly soluble and other sulphates down this group are insoluble. All
other sulphates are quite soluble. The water-insoluble sulphates are also insoluble
in Dilute Acids.
[Exceptions: BaSO4, PbSO4, Ag2SO4 and SrSO4. CaSo4 is sparingly soluble.]
6. Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of Group I
elements are soluble. Hydroxide salts of Group II elements (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are
slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of transition metals and Al3+ are insoluble.
[Exceptions: Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3, Co(OH)2,Cu(OH)2,Fe(OH)2,Pb(OH)2 are not soluble.
]
7. S salts of metals except Ca, Na, K,NH4+, are all insoluble. Most sulfides of
transition metals are highly insoluble.
[Exceptions: BaS, CaS, MgS are only sparingly soluble. CuS, CdS, FeS, ZnS, Ag2S are
all insoluble. Arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and lead sulfides are also insoluble. ]
8. Carbonates are frequently insoluble. Group II carbonates (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are
insoluble. Some other insoluble carbonates include FeCO3, PbCO3, MgCO3, AgCO3,
CuCO3 and Al2(CO3)3.
9. Chromates, Phosphates, Borates, Sulphites, Arsenates of all metals except Na, K,
and NH4 are insoluble in water but soluble in Dilute Acids.
Examples: PbCrO4, BaCrO4, MgCrO4 Examples: Ca3(PO4)2, Ag3PO4, Zn3(PO4)2,
Mg3(PO4)2, AlPO4. 10. Fluorides are frequently insoluble. Examples: BaF2, MgF2
PbF2.
11. All metallic Oxides, barring those of Na, K are sparingly soluble. Examples: CuO,
PbO, CaO
12. Most Nitride are soluble except AgNO3. Examples: Ca(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2

Making soluble salts from insoluble substances

A soluble salt can be prepared by reacting an acid with a suitable insoluble reactant
including:

 a metal
 a metal oxide
 a metal hydroxide
 a carbonate

The insoluble reactant chosen depends upon the particular salt required.

For example, copper does not react with dilute acids, so this metal cannot be used.
On the other hand, sodium is too reactive to be used safely. As the reaction between
metals and acids produces flammable hydrogen, chemists usually make salts by
reacting a metal oxide or a metal carbonate with an acid.

CuO+ HCL=CuCl2+H2O Al(OH)3+HCL=AlCL3+H2O

CuO+ H2SO4=CuSO4+H2O Al(OH)3+H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+H2O
CuO+ HNO3=Cu(NO3)2+H2O Al(OH)3+HNO3=Al(NO3)3+H2O