Technicalmanual Union PDF

UNION BATTERY
N N
TECHNICAL MANUAL
205 Berg Street

Algonquin, IL 60102
TEL: (847) 854-1295 FAX: (847) 854-1296
HTTP://WWW.UNIONBATTERY.COM
This technical manual is provided by Union Battery Corp

All copyrights reserved
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CONTENTS
1. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
1-1 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS --------------------------------------------------------------- 2

1-2 CHARGE CHARACTERISTICS --------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1-3 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS --------------------------------------------------------------- 7
1-4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE --------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1-5 SELF DISCHARGE --------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1-6 LIFE CHARACTERISTICS --------------------------------------------------------------- 10
1-7 INTERNAL RESISTANCE --------------------------------------------------------------- 12
1-8 GASES EMISSION --------------------------------------------------------------- 13
2. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS
2-1 PLATE --------------------------------------------------------------- 14

2-2 SEPARATOR --------------------------------------------------------------- 14
2-3 VENTILATION CAP --------------------------------------------------------------- 15
2-4 CONTAINER AND COVER --------------------------------------------------------------- 16
2.5 TERMINAL --------------------------------------------------------------- 16
2-6 SULFURIC ACID --------------------------------------------------------------- 17
3. NOMINAL CAPACITY AND DIMENSION ------------------------------------------------ 19
4. STORAGE SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------ 20
5. CAUTION ------------------------------------------------ 21
6. USEFUL FORMULA ------------------------------------------------ 22
6-1 CALCULATION EQUATION OF VOLUME OF HYDROGEN DURING CHARGE ------------------------- 22

6-2 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT OF SLA BATTERY ------------------------- 23
6-3 CALCULATION EQUATION OF HEAT AMOUNT IN FLOATING SERVICE ------------------------- 24
7. PACKAGE ------------------------------------------------ 25
7-1 PACKING CONDITION - U.S ------------------------- 25

7-2 PACKING CONDITION – OUTSIDE U.S ------------------------- 26
8. BATTERIES COMMON USES ------------------------------------------------ 27
APPENDIX
1. SPECIFICATIONS --------------------------------------------------------------- 29
2. DISCHARGE RATES IN AMPERE --------------------------------------------------------------- 47
3. DISCHARGE RATES IN WATTS --------------------------------------------------------------- 50
4. CURVES VOLTAGE OF “K” --------------------------------------------------------------- 53
5. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (M.S.D.S) --------------------------------------------------------------- 59
6. I.A.T.A --------------------------------------------------------------- 61
7. ELECTROLYTE OF SULFURIC ACID IN THE SLA BATTERY --------------------------------------------- 62
4. BATTERY SELECTION CHARTS ----------------------------------------------- 63
2 OF 63
1. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
- UNION BATTERY –
1-1 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS

THE CHEMICAL REACTION TAKING PLACE IN LEAD ACID BATTERY IS AS SHOWN IN THE FOLLOWING FORMULA.
(DISCHARGE)
Pb02 + 2H2SO4 + Pb + PbSO4 + 2H2O + PbSO4
(CHARGE)
POS. ELECTROLYTE NEG. POS. ELECTROLYTE NEG.
AT DISTANCE, LEAD OXIDE IN POSITIVE PLATES AND SPONGY LEAD IN NEGATIVE PLATES REACT WITH
SULFURIC ACID IN THE ELECTROLYTE AND GRADUALLY TRANSFORM INTO LEAD SULPHATE, DURING WHICH
THE SULFURIC ACID CONCENTRATION DECREASES.
CONVERSELY, WHEN THE BATTERY IS CHARGED, THE POSITIVE AND SULPHATE GRADUALLY REVERT TO LEAD
DIOXIDE AND SPONGY LEAD RESPECTIVELY. RELEASING THE SULPHURIC ACID ABSORBED IN THE ACTIVE
MATERIAL. DURING WHICH THE SULPHURIC ACID CONCENTRATION INCREASES, AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1.
WHEN BATTERY CHARGING APPROACHES ITS FINAL STAGE. THE CHARGING CURRENT IS CONSUMED SOLELY
FOR ELECTROLYTE DECOMPOSITION OF WATER IN THE ELECTROLYTE, RESULTING IN GENERATION OF
OXYGEN GAS FROM POSITIVE PLATES AND HYDROGEN GAS FROM NEGATIVE PLATES. THE GENERATED GAS
WILL ESCAPE FROM THE BATTERY CAUSING A DECREASE OF THE ELECTROLYTE, THEREBY REQUIRING
OCCASIONAL WATER REPLENISHMENT.
HOWEVER, OUR BATTERIES UTILIZE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPONGY LEAD, OR NEGATIVE ACTIVE
MATERIAL, WHICH IS VERY ACTIVE IN MOIST CONDITIONS AND REACTS VERY QUICKLY WITH OXYGEN.
THEREBY SUPPRESSING THE DECREASE OF WATER ELIMINATING THE NEED OF WATER REPLENISHMENT.
THE PROCESS OF CHARGING FROM ITS BEGINNING TO THE FINAL STAGE IS IDENTICAL WITH THAT OF
CONVENTIONAL BATTERIES AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1.
ON THE OTHER HAND, AFTER THE STAGE OF CHARGING OR UNDER OVERCHARGE CONDITION, THE CHARGING
ENERGY IS CONSUMED FOR ELECTROLYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF WATER, AND THE POSITIVE PLATES
GENERATE OXYGEN GAS WHICH REACTS WITH THE SPONGY LEAD IN NEGATIVE PLATES AND THE SULFURIC
ACID IN ELECTROLYTE, TURNING A PART OF NEGATIVE PLATES INTO A DISCHARGED CONDITION. THUS
SUPPRESSING THE HYDROGEN GAS GENERATION FROM NEGATIVE PLATES.
THE PART OF NEGATIVE PLATES, WHICH HAD TURNED TO DISCHARGED CONDITION THROUGH REACTION WITH
OXYGEN GAS, IS THEN REVERTED TO ORIGINAL SPONGY LEAD BY SUBSEQUENT CHARGING. THUS, A
NEGATIVE PLATE KEEP EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN THE AMOUNT WHICH TURNS INTO SPONGY LEAD BY
CHARGING AND THE AMOUNT OF SPONGY LEAD WHICH TURNS INTO LEAD SULPHATE THROUGH ABSORBING
THE GAS GENERATED FROM POSITIVE PLATES, WHICH MAKES IT POSSIBLE FOR THE BATTERY TO BE OF A
SEALED TYPE.
THE CHEMICAL REACTION, WHICH TAKES PLACE AFTER THE FINAL STAGE, OF CHARGING OR UNDER
OVERCHARGE CONDITION IS AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 2.
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REACTION FROM BEGINNING OF CHARGE TO BEFORE THE FINAL STAGE.
(FIGURE 1)
(1) REACTION AT POSITIVE PLATE (OXYGEN GENERATION)
a) 2H2O ---- O2 + 4h+ + 4e-
MIGRATES TO NEGATIVE PLATE SURFACE
(2) REACTION AT NEGATIVE PLATE
b) CHEMICAL REACTION OF SPONGY LEAD WITH OXYGEN
2Pb + O2 ---- 2PbO
c) CHEMICAL RFEACTION OF PbO WITH ELECTROLYTE
2PbO + 2H2SO4 ----2PbSO4 + 2H2O
TO REACTION (a)
d) REACTION OF PbSO4
TO REACTION (b)
2PbSO4 + 4H+ + 4e- ---- 2Pb + 2H2SO4
TO REACTION (a)
TOTAL REACTION AT NEGATIVE PLATE
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- ---- 2H2O

4 OF 63
REACTION AFTER FINAL STAGE OF CHARGE
(FIGURE 2)
AS DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE OXYGEN GAS GENERATED FROM THE POSITIVE PLATES REACTS QUICKLY WITH THE ACTIVE
MATERIAL IN CHARGED CONDITION IN THE NEGATIVE PLATES AND RETURNS TO WATER CAUSING VERY LITTLE LOSS
THEREOF. THUS MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO BUILD THE BATTERY IN A SEALED CONSTRUCTION.
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1-2 CHARGE CHARACTERISTICS

PROPER CHARGING IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING MAINTENANCE FREE
SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERY PERFORMANCE AND SERVICE LIFE WILL BE DIRECTLY EFFECTED BY THE EFFICIENCY OF
THE CHARGER SELECTED.
THE FOUR CHARGING METHODS ARE:
CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGING

CONSTANT CURRENT CHARGING
TAPER CURRENT CHARGING
TWO STEP CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGING
CHARGING AT CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGING IS THE MOST SUITABLE AND COMMONLY USED FOR CHARGING
SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERIES. FIGURE SHOW THE CHARGING CHARACTERISTIC OF OUR BATTERIES WHEN
CHARGED BY CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGER AT 2.25 VOLT/CELL WHEN THE INITIAL CHARGING CURRENT IS
CONTROLLED AT 0.1CA.
THE CHARGE VOLTAGE OF THE BATTERY DECREASES WITH INCREASING TEMPERATURE AND INCREASES
WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURE.
ACCORDINGLY CHARGING WITH GIVEN VOLTAGE REQUIRE INCREASED CHARGING CURRENT WHEN
TEMPERATURE IS HIGH AND DECREASED CHARGING CURRENT AT LOWER TEMPERATURE. TEMPERATURE OF
5°C OR ABOVE 35°C.
HOWEVER, TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OF CHARGE VOLTAGE IS NECESSARY.
THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT IS:
FOR CYCLE SERVICE : 5.0mV/ °C CELL

FOR FLOATING SERVICE : 3.3mV/ °C CELL
APPLICATION TEMPERATURE SET. POINT ALLOW RANGE MAX. CHARGING CURRENT

CYCLIC 20°C 2.40 V 2.45V ~ 2.50V 0.4C
FLOATING 20°C 2.30 V 2.26V ~ 2.30V 0.4C
FLOATING VOLTAGE CHARGE
TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 10 20 25 30 35
VOLTAGE/CELL 2.37 2.33 2.30 2.28 2.25 2.23
CHARGING VOLTAGE COMPENSATION TEMPERATURE
CYCLIC OPERATION : VC t = VC. 25 – 0.005 (T-25)

CYCLIC OPERATION : VC t = VC. 25 – 0.0023 (T-25)
(Vc : CHARGING VOLTAGE, t = TEMPERATURE, Vc. T = CHARGING VOLTAGE AT t°C)
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CHARGE CHARACTERISTICS
7 OF 63
1-3 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS
THE CAPACITY OF A BATTERY (AH) IS REPRESENTED BY THE RESULT OF THE DISCHARGE CURRENT (A) AND DISCHARGE
TIME (H) UNTIL THE FINAL DISCHARGE VOLTAGE IS REACHED.
THE FIGURE OF CONSTANT CURRENT DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE RELATED TO A PARTICULAR END OF DISCHARGE
VOLTAGE LEVEL IN THE RANGE 1.60 VOLTS PER CELL THROUGH TO 1.75 VOLTS PER CELL.
§ THE AVAILABLE AMPERES (OR WATTS WHERE APPLICABLE) OUTPUT FOR EACH DURATION IS
DEPENDANT UPON THE END OF DISCHARGE VOLTAGE LEVEL CHOSEN.
INCREASE IN SPECIFIED END VOLTS WOULD INCREASE BATTERY SIZE REQUIRED. THE QUOTED
END OF DISCHARGE VOLTS LEVEL RELATES TO THE BATTERY TERMINAL VOLTAGE. HENCE.
§ VOLTAGE DROP DUE TO CABLE RESISTANCE BETWEEN BATTERY TERMINALS LOAD CIRCUIT NEEDS
TO BE ALLOWED FOR IN THE SYSTEM CALCULATION. PARTICULARLY WHERE A HIGH CURRENT
SHORT DURATION LOAD IS INVOLVED.
§ THE ABOVE FIGURE SHOWS AN EXAMPLE OF DISCHARGING CHARACTERISTIC FOR 0.05c ~ 3c.
C AS NOMINAL CAPACITY.
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1-4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CAPACITY
THE CAPACITY OF A BATTERY IS SUBJECTED TO THE INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND THE
DISCHARGE RATE.
LOW TEMPERATURE (BELOW 5°F, -15°C) MAY REDUCE THE AVAILABLE CAPACITY, AND HIGH TEMPERATURE
(OVER 122°F, 50°C) MAY DAMAGE THE BATTERY.
THE BELOW FIGURE SHOWS AN EXAMPLE OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CAPACITY FOR THE RANGE
OF (4°F ~ 104°F) -20°C ~ -50°C.
THE RATED CAPACITY FOR 20°C IS 100%.
9 OF 63
1-5 SELF DISCHARGE
THE USE OF THE Pb-Ca BASED ALLOY GRID RESULT SIN A VERY LOW SELF-DISCHARGE RATE.
THE AVERAGE SELF-DISCHARGE RATE PER DAY. IF LEFT CHARGED FOR SIX NON-USE MONTHS IS ABOUT
0.1% - 0.2% (20°C).
THE BELOW FIGURE SHOWS AN EXAMPLE OF THE SELF-DISCHARGE RATE FOR AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. IF THE
BATTERY IS NOT USED FO RA LONG PERIOD OF TIME, RECHARGE IS AT LEAST ONCE EVERY SIX MONTH.
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1-6 LIFE CHARACTERISTICS
§ CYCLIC USE
THE NUMBER OF CYCLES (CHARGE & DISCHARGE)DEPENDS ON THE DEPTH OF DISCHARGE. OPERATING
TEMPERATURE AND THE CHARGING METHOD. THE BELOW FIGURE SHOWS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
DEPTH OF DISCHARGE AND NUMBER OF CYCLES.
Ø TESTING CONDITIONS: DISCHARGE CURRENT 0.25C AMP (F.V 1.70V/CELL)

CHARGING CURRENT 0.1C AMP
CHARGING AMOUNT 130% OF DISCHARGED CAPACITY
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 20°C (68°F)
1. 100% discharge 2. 50% discharge 3. 30% discharge
§ FLOATING USE
AS THE LIFE OF BATTERY FOR FLOATING APPLICATION IS GREATLY AFFECTED BY VOLTAGE. CARE MUST
ALSO BE EXERCISED TO MAINTAIN AN APPROPRIATE WORKING TEMPERATURE. BECAUSE IT GREATLY
AFFECTS THE LIFE OF THE BATTERY. THE BELOW FIGURES SHOW THE LIFE OF BATTERIES FOR FLOATING
APPLICATIONS.
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? OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE vs CAPACITY
STATE OF CHARGE 100% 80% 60% 40% 30% 20%
O.C.V (V/CELL) 2.1702 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.02 1.99

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1-7 INTERNAL RESISTANCE

THE TERM GIVEN TO THE RESISTANCE INSIDE A BATTERY. CONSISTING OF THE SUM OF RESISTANCE OF ELECTROLYTE.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PLATES, SEPARATORS, ETC.
THE VALUE OF INTERNAL RESISTANCE IS IMPORTANT WHEN A BATTERY MUST PRODUCE A PEAK CURRENT (I.E FOR
SWITCH TRIPPING) AT THE END OF THE DISCHARGE PERIOD.
THE GRAPH OPPOSITE SHOWS RESISTANCE AS A PERCENTAGE OF FULLY CHARGED RESISTANCE VALUE, FOR VARIOUS
CHARGE STATES.
THE UNION BATTERY HAS ITS INTERNAL RESISTANCE SMALLEST WHEN IT IS CHARGED COMPLETELY. THE INTERNAL
RESISTANCE SLOWLY AS DISCHARGE PROGRESS, AND INCREASES RAPIDLY AT THE FINAL STAGE OF DISCHARGE. IT
WILL BE OBSERVED THAT THE INTERNAL RESISTANCE DECREASES SLOWLY WHEN THE DISCHARGE IS TERMINATED AS
IT HAS REACHED THE FINAL STAGE.
INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF THE UNION PRODUCT RANGE
TYPE INTERNAL RESISTANCE TYPE INTERNAL RESISTANCE
6V 1.2AH 60.0 mΩ 12V 24AH 11.0 mΩ
6V 4.0AH 20.0 mΩ 12V 31AH 10.0 mΩ
6V 7.0AH 12.0 mΩ 12V 40AH 8.0 mΩ
6V 10AH 9.0 mΩ 12V 60AH 5.0 mΩ
6V 12AH 8.0 mΩ 12V 70AH 4.5 mΩ
12V 1.2AH 120.0 mΩ 12V 100AH 3.5 mΩ
12V 2.0AH 61.0 mΩ 12V 200AH 2.5 mΩ

12V 4.0AH 40.0 mΩ
12V 7.0AH 32.0 mΩ
12V 12AH 16.0 mΩ
12V 18AH 14.0 mΩ

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1-8 GASES EMISSION

LEAD SEALED ACID RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GASES INTERNALLY DURING
CHARGING AND OVERCHARGING. THESE GASES ARE RELEASED IN AN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE FROM CONVENTIONAL
LEADS SEALED ACID BATTERIES AND THEREFORE MUST NO T BE ALLOWED TO ACCUMULATE DIN A GAS-TIGHT
CONTAINER.
AN EXPLOSION COULD OCCUR IF A SPARK WERE INTRODUCED. THE UNION BATTERY, HOWEVER, OPERATES ON 100%
RECOMBINATION OF THE OXYGEN GAS PRODUCED AT RECOMMENDED RATES OF CHARGING AND OVERCHARGING.
AND SO THERE IS NO OXYGEN OUT GASSING. DURING NORMAL OPERATION, SOME HYDROGEN GAS AND ALSO SOME
CARBON DIOXIDE GAS ARE GIVEN OFF. THE HYDROGEN OUT GASSING IS ESSENTIAL WITH EACH CYCLE TO ENSURE
CONTINUED INTERNAL CHEMICAL BALANCE. THE PURE-LEAD GRID CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNION BATTERY MINIMIZES
THE AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IS PRODUCED BY OXIDATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE CELL.
THE MINUTE QUANTITIES OF GASES WHICH ARE RELEASE FROM BATTERY WITH RECOMMENDED RATES OF CHARGE
AND OVERCHARGE WILL NORMALLY DISSIPATE RAPIDLY INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.
HYDROGEN GAS I S DIFFICULT OT CONTAIN IN ANYTHING BUT A METAL OR GLASS ENCLOSURE; I.E., IT CAN PERMEATE A
PLASTIC CONTAINER AT A RELATIVELY RAPID RATE. BECAUSE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GASES AND THE RELATIVE
DIFFICULTY IN CONTAINING THEM. MOST APPLICATIONS WILL ALLOW FOR THEIR RELEASE INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.
THE UNION BATTERY SHOULD NEVER BE OPERATED IN A GAS-TIGHT CONTAINER.

THE CELLS SHOULD NEVER BE TOTALLY ENCASED IN A POTTING COMPOUND SINCE THIS ENCASED IN A POTTING
COMPOUND SINCE THIS PREVENTS THE PROPER OPERATION OF THE VENTING MECHANISM AND FREE RELEASE OF GAS.
FURTHERMORE, CONSIDERABLE PRESSURE CAN BUILD UP IN A GAS-TIGHT CONTAINER.
THIS CAN OCCUR DURING STORAGE BECAUSE OF THE CONTINUOUS GENERATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE GAS. SUCH
PRESSURE IS FURTHER COMPOUNDED DURING CHARGING BY THE GENERATION OF HYDROGEN.
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2. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS
- UNION BATTERY
2.1 PLATE
The positive and negative plates are made of lead oxide pasted on grids of Pb – Ca alloy that can be recharge quickly.
Characteristics: common use of 6V, 12V series
PLATE
PARAMETER GRID
(ACTIVE MATERIAL)
QUALITY OF THE MATERIAL CA – ALLOY LEAD PURE LEAD
Pb Remained Min. 99.99%
Ca 0.1 ± 0.01 % -
Ag - Max. 0.002%
Cu - Max. 0.002%
As - Max. 0.002%
PURITY
Sb + Sn 0.45 ± 0.15 % (Sn only) Max. 0.005%
Zn - Max. 0.002%
Fe - Max. 0.002%
Bi - Max. 0.005%
A1 0.025 ± 0.005 % -
2.2 SEPARATOR
Absorptive Glass Mat (AGM) with high durability and thermos-ability is used for separators, which absorbs electrolyte and
retains excellent conductivity.
Characteristics:
Parameter Contents
Semblance White, no pin holes and no thicker fiber bundles
Thickness Thickness tolerance ± 0.05 mm
Penetration speed > 30 mm / min
Solution absorptivity > 1200 %
Porosity >90%
Max. pore diameter < 26
Acid Extractable < 3% of weight loses in sulphuric acid of 30%
Electric Resistance < 0.001 Ω • dm z/mm
Tensile strength > 200 (g/10mm)
Iron content <0.006%

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2.3 VENTILATION CAP (SAFETY VALVE)

The safety valve is made of special rubber.
It opens when there is excessive gas caused by internal pressure from overcharging and it is designed to reseal to keep
optimum gas pressure inside of the battery.
Characteristics:
Parameter Contents
Tensile Strength > 100 kgf / cm 2
Hardness 60 ± 5 IRHD
Elongation Min. 300%
Pressure 0.2 – 0.6 kgf / cm 2
TYPE A B C
Y-76 7.5 4.7 5.2
Y-110 10.5 5.0 7.5
Y-200 16.9 5.8 12.4
Y-250 16.2 6.5 12.8

DIMENSION
16 OF 63
2.4 CONTAINER, COVER AND LID
These are made for ABS720 Resin, a synthetic resin, which has a superior acid resistance and durability. The container and
cover are designed to be completely sealed to prevent any leakage of electrolyte and gas.
Characteristics:
Parameter Contents
Quality of the Material ABS 720 Resin
Durability of Electric pressure Pressure 550mV and endurable 3 sec
Durability of Impact 18 kg.cm /cm
Durability in flames 97g/10min
Tensile Strength 580 kg/cm z
Hardness 115 R Scale
Contractibility 0.4% - 0.7%
2.5 TERMINAL
The terminals may be various type.

Excellent terminal sealing construction has been achieved by using long mechanical sealing paths and the selection of small
shrinkage ratios for the sealing materials.
Characteristics:
Parameter Contents
1. Brass coated by Silver

Quality of the Material 2. Brass coated by Pb-Sn Alloy
3. Ca – alloy lead (Ca-0.1%)
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2.6 SULFURIC ACID (H2SO4)
2-6-1 CHARACTERISTICS
Sulfuric acid is used both as an ingredient in the paste and as an e lectrolyte. In each application, dilute sulfuric acid is
obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid of 1.835 specific gravity with water to the strength required.
Sulfuric acid concentrations most frequently used in battery manufacturing correspond to a specific gravity range of 1.050 to
1.400.
Sulfuric acid should be of high purity. The presence of even very small amount of certain impurities can affect both the life and
capacity of the battery adversely.
NO ITEM SPECIFICATION
1 Color Colorless and Pellucid Liquids
2 Normal type :1,310 ± 0.005

Specific Gravity (25°C)
Motor cycle type : 1,280 ± 0.005
Normal type : 42.4 ± 0.6%

SO4
Motor cycle type : 38.5 ± 0.6%
Iron Less than 0.0002%

3 Purity
Chloride Less than 0.0008%
Arsenic Less than 0.00002%
Fixed Residue Less than 0.002%
2-6-2 FREEZING POINT OF SULFURIC ACID

The freezing point of the sulfuric acid electrolyte varies with the concentration. As can be seen from table below, the freezing
point of the electrolyte in a discharged battery is high enough to b a significance during normal winter weather, while that of a
fully charged battery at 1.250 specific gravity is low enough to be safe under all weather conditions. These points are of
importance in the storage and operation of battery under severe cold weather conditions.
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< Freezing Point of Sulfuric acid solutions >
Specific Freezing point Specific Freezing point

Gravity (15.5°C) Gravity (15.5°C)
°C °F °C °F
1.000 0 +32 1.400 -37.0 -34
1.025 -1.7 +29 1.425 -32.5 -26
1.050 -3.9 +25 1.450 -.29.1 -20
1.075 -5.6 +22 1.475 -27.4 -17
1.100 -8.4 +17 1.500 -28.0 -18
1.125 -11.2 +12 1.525 -31.4 -24
1.150 -15.1 +5 1.550 -39.2 -38
1.175 -20.2 -4 1.575 -47.6 -53
1.200 -28.0 -18 1.600 -51.0 -59
1.225 -39.8 -39 1.625 -50.4 -58
1.250 -54.3 -65 1.650 -45.9 -50
1.275 -70.0 -93 1.675 -34.7 -30
1.300 -71.1 -95 1.700 -15.7 +4
1.325 -65.5 -85 1.725 -5.0 +23
1.350 -51.5 -60 1.750 +3.4 +38
1.375 -43.1 -45 1.775 +6.7 +44

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3. NOMINAL CAPACITY & DIMENSION

20 OF 63
4. STORAGE SYSTEM
n GENERAL STORAGE CONDITIONS

THE BATTERY SHOULD BE STORED UNDER THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
ü LOW HUMIDITY
ü 5°F TO 104°F (15°C TO 40°C)
ü CLEAN AND OUT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT
n CAPACITY AFTER LONG TERM STORAGE
AFTER LONG TERM STORAGE, ALL BATTERIES DELIVER LESS THAN RATED CAPACITY ON FIRST
CYCLE. IN CYCLIC APPLICATION FULL CAPACITY WILL BE OBTAINED THROUGH SEVERAL
CHARGE/DISCHARGING CYCLES.
IN FLOATING APPLICATION, FULL CAPACITY WILL BE ACHIEVED IN 24 – 48 HOURS, WHEN CHARGED
AT 2.3V/CELL.
n REFRESH CHARGE
WHEN BATTERIES ARE IN EXTENDED STORAGE, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THEY RECEIVE A

REFRESH CHARGE AT RECOMMENDED INTERVALS:
STORAGE AMBIENT RECHARGE INTERVAL
BELOW 68°F (20°C) 18 MONTHS
68°F TO 86°F (20°C TO 30°C) 12 MONTHS
86°F TO 104°F (30°C TO 40°C) 6 MONTHS
§ GENERAL CONSIDERATION CHARGER
AS THE BATTERY LIFE IS GREATLY AFFECTED BY THE METHOD OF CHARGING ADOPTED, YOU MUST
CONSIDER THE BATTERY USAGE AS WELL AS THE CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS, AND ALSO YOU
MUST BE VERY ATTENTIVE IN SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE CHARGER.
THE FOLLOWING CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGER CIRCUITS PROVIDE CONSTANT VOLTAGE.
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5. CAUTION
§ HEAT KILLS BATTERIES. YOU MUST AVOID PLACING BATTERIES IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO HEAT
SOURCES OF ANY KIND.
YOU WILL ENJOY LONGER SERVICE LIFE. IF BATTERIES ARE OPERATED IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
RANGE OF 20°C (68°F) TO 25°C (77°F)
§ SINCE THE BATTERIES MAY GENERATE IGNITABLE GAS, PLEASE DO NOT INSTALL THEM CLOSE TO
ANY ITEM THAT PRODUCES SPARKS.
§ IF THE BATTERY IS TO BE USED IN A CLOSED SPACE OR IN A CONTAINER, PROVISION SHOULD BE

MADE FOR ADEQUATE VENTILATION.
§ AS THE BATTERY CONTAINERS AND COVERS ARE MADE OF ABS720 RESIN, PLACING BATTERIES IN
AN ATMOSPHERE OF, OR IN CONTACT WITH ORGANIC SOLVENTS OR ADHESIVE MATERIAL SHOULD
BE AVOIDED.
§ USE SHOCK ABSORBER AND FASTEN BATTERY FIRMLY WHEN HEAVY VIBRATION OR EXPECTED
DURING SERVICE.
§ CLEAN THE BATTERY WITH A PIECE OF WET CLOTH. NEVER HAVE THE BATTERY SPLASHED OR
DEPOSITED WITH OILS OR ORGANIC SOLVENTS SUCH AS GASOLINE OR PAINT THINNER, NOR HAVE
IT CLEANED WITH CLOTHS IMPERMANENT WITH THESE MATERIALS.
§ DISMANTLING THE BATTERY IS NOT ADVISABLE. IF SULFURIC ACID IS DEPOSITED ON SKIN OR

CLOTHES, PLEASE WASH WELL WITH SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF FRESH WATER AND OBTAIN
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.
§ A BATTERY IS LIABLE TO RUPTURE IF THROWN INTO FIRE.

PLEASE AVOID SUCH CONDUCT AT ALL TIMES.
§ TOUCHING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE PARTS MIGHT RESULT IN AN ELECTRIC SHOCK. BE SURE

TO WEAR RUBBER GLOVES BEFORE INSPECTION OR REGULAR SERVICE.
§ MIXED USE OF BATTERIES WITH DIFFERENT CAPACITIES, HISTORIES AND/OR MANUFACTURES IS

LIABLE TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE BATTERY OR THE EQUIPMENT. IF THIS IS UNAVOIDABLE PLEASE
CONSULT MANUFACTURER BEFOREHAND. DO NOT SHORT CIRCUIT THE BATTERY, AS IT CAN BURN
OUT THE CONNECTIONS AND COULD DAMAGE EQUIPMENT.
§ TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM LIFE, BATTERIES SHOULD NEVER BE STORED IN A DISCHARGED STATE. BE

SURE TO RECHARGE THE BATTERY AFTER DISCHARGING.
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6. USEFUL FORMULA
6-1 CALCULATION EQUATION OF VOLUME OF HYDROGEN DURING CHARGE
0.46 ×10 −3 × CAPACITY (10 HrRATE )

X 1/6 = M3/Min
60
Example:
MX-02120 (2V 120AH)
0.46 × 10 −3 ×120
x 1/6 = 0.00015 M3/Min
60
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6.2 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT OF SLA BATTERY
V (Cell Voltage )
S.C.C (I) =
Ω( Internal Resistance of Battery )
Example:
MX-121000 (12V 100AH)
12
= 2,666 A
0.0045Ω
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6.3 CALCULATION EQUATION OF HEAT AMOUNT IN FLOATING SERVICE
Heat Amount (Q) = 0.86 x I x (v –10) + 0.07 x I

V: 13.5 ~ 13.8
I: 0.0003 Ca (Current of Floating Charge)
Example:
MX-12180 (12V 18AH)
0.86 x (0.0003 x 18) x (13.5 – 10) + 0.07 x (0.0003 x 18) = 0.0166 Cal/Hr
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7. PRINTING & PACKAGE

7-1 PACKING CONDITION (U.S)
USA LIMITED 38,500 LBS

MODEL PCS / CARTON
PCS/PALLET PCS/CONTAINER
MX-06012 40 4,200 50,400
MX-06040 20 1,680 20,160
MX-06045 20 1,680 20,160
MX-06070 10 1,050 12,600
MX-06100 5 720 8,640
MX-06120 5 720 8,640
MX-12012 20 2,100 25,200
MX-12020 20 1,500 18,000
MX-12040 10 900 10.800
MX-12050 10 900 10,800
MX-12070 5 540 6,480
MX-12120 3 324 3,880
MX-12180 2 230 2,760
MX-12240 1 160 1,920
MX-12310 1 120 1,440
MX-12400 1 100 1,200
MX-12600 1 55 660
MX-12700 1 60 720
MX-121000 1 44 528
MX-122000 1 22 264
26OF 63
7.2 PACKING CONDITION (INTERNATIONAL)
OUTSIDE USA
MODEL PCS / CARTON
PCS/PALLET PCS/CONTAINER
MX-06012 40 4,800 50,400
MX-06040 20 1,800 20,160
MX-06045 20 1,800 20,160
MX-06070 10 1,200 12,600
MX-06100 5 800 8,640
MX-06120 5 800 8,640
MX-12012 20 2,400 25,200
MX-12020 20 1,660 18,000
MX-12040 10 960 10.800
MX-12050 10 960 10,800
MX-12070 5 600 6,480
MX-12120 3 378 3,880
MX-12180 2 260 2,880
MX-12240 1 180 1,920
MX-12310 1 132 1,440
MX-12400 1 110 1,200
MX-12600 1 55 660
MX-12700 1 68 720
MX-121000 1 50 552
MX-122000 1 22 264
27 OF 63
8. BATTERIES COMMON USE

MX-06012 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
Aerospace
EMERGENCY LIGHTING Alarm - Burglar, Fire, Monitoring Equipment, Pollution,
MX-06040
TELECOMMUNICATION Refrigeration, Water level, Seismic
Aircraft instrumentation & communication
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
MX-06070 Appliances portable
TELECOMMUNICATION
Audio & Video equipment
TELECOMMUNICATION Automotive Locators of theft
MX-06100 Automotive security systems
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
Backup power
TOY CAR Battery power packs, belt, etc
MX-06120 OLDER EMERGENCY LIGHTING Control – (Programmable), Counting, Industrial
SECURITY Thermostatic, Timing, Commercial
Electric door openers (Fire/;safety, backup)
SECURITY Electric fans (toxic gas venting backup)
ALARM CONTROLS Electric locks (back up)
MX-12040
UPS Electric pump (back up)
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Electric scales
Electric cash register (back up)
SECURITY
Electric test equipment (back up, portable)
MX-12070 UPS
Emergency devices
WHEELCHAIR LIGHTS
Entertainment equipment
MX-12120 ELECTRIC BIKE Exit light back up
Freeway/Highway call boxes
LAWN MOWER Gas station electric pump back up
PUS Hotel room doors
MX-12180
BOOSTER PACKS Instrumentation
GOLF CARTS LAN power back up
Lawn/garden Mower
WHEELCHAIR Light - Camera, Emergency
MX-12240 SCOOTERS Exit, Highway safety, Maintenance/sport
UPS Photographic, Railroad, under water
Load leveling
WHEELCHAIR
Marine instrumentation – depth finder (portable)
MX-12310 SCOOTERS
Medical alert equipment (portable & stationary)
UPS
Metal detectors
Microwave communications backup power
Military – Missile launch & tracking system
Fire control system
Target range equipment
Oil refinery back up, Shopping carts, Robots
ALL OTHER VARIOUS USES
Power supply, Power tools, PBX back up, Photovoltaic
CODES REFER CHART AT RIGHT Solar Powered equipment, Solar walk light
Speed measurement 0 laser & radar
Uninterruptible Power Supplies – UPS
Etc
28 OF 63
APPENDIX
29 OF 63
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION MX-06012 (6 V 1.2 AH)
20 HOURS RATE
I N D E X S P E C I F I C A T I O N
NOMINAL VOLTAGE 6V
NOMINAL CAPACITY (20HR) 1.20 AH (DISCHARGE TO 5.25 V)
10 HOUR RATE CAPACITY 1.11 AH (DISCHARGE TO 5.25 V)
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

CAPACITY AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE
10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
INTERNAL RESISTANCE 25°C FULL CHARGE APPROX. LESS THAN 60 mΩ
MAX. DISCHARGE CURRENT 4.8 A (CONTINUOUS)
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
SELF DISCHARGE (20°C, 68°C) AFTER 3 MONTH 10%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%
WEIGHT APROX. 0.37 Kg (0.82 lbs)
WEIGHT EFFICIENCY (20HR) 19.5 WH/Kg
VOLUME EFFICIENCY (20HR) 58.2 WH/L
CHARGING VOLTAGE 6.75 ~ 6.90 V (20°C)

FLOATING
MAX. CHARGING CURRENT NO LIMIT
CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGE
CYCLE
MAX. CHARGING CURRENT LESS THAN 0.48 A
AT 25°C (77°F) 6~7.5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
BATTERY LIFE 100% DISCHARGE 260 CYCLE VALUE
CYCLE 50% DISCHARGE 600 CYCLE
30% DISCHARGE 1200 CYCLE
TERMINAL TYPE A
BATTERY CONTAINER & COVER MATERIAL ABS
BATTERY TYPE VRLA – TYPE
LENGTH 3.89 INCH / 99 MM

WIDTH 0.96 INCH / 24.5 MM
DIMENSION (± 1MM)
HEIGHT 2.05 INCH / 52.0 MM
TOTAL HEIGHT 2.28 INCH / 58.0 MM
30 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
NOMINAL VOLTAGE 6V
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
MAX. DISCHARGE CURRENT 16 A (CONTINUOUS)
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6~7.5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A
DIMENSION (± 1MM) WIDTH 1.85 INCH / 47.0 MM

31 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
NOMINAL VOLTAGE 6V
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

32 OF 63
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION MX-06100 (6 V 10 AH)
20 HOURS RATE
NOMINAL VOLTAGE 6V
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

33 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
NOMINAL VOLTAGE 6V
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

34 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
NOMINAL VOLTAGE 12 V
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%
CHARGING VOLTAGE 13.5 ~ 6.13.8 V (20°C)

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

35 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A
LENGTH 7.01INCH / 178 MM

36 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A
LENGTH 3.54 INCH / 90.0 MM

37 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
INTERNAL RESISTANCE 25°C FULL CHARGE APPROX. LESS THAN 32mΩ
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

38 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
NOMINAL CAPACITY (20HR) 12 AH (DISCHARGE TO 10.50 V)
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

39 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

40 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

41 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

42 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

DIMENSION (± 1MM)
43 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

DIMENSION (± 1MM)
44 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
INTERNAL RESISTANCE 25°C FULL CHARGE APPROX. LESS THAN 4.5 mΩ
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

DIMENSION (± 1MM)
45 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

DIMENSION (± 1MM)
46 OF 63
20 HOURS RATE
30°C (86°F) 103%
25°C (77°F) 100%

10°C (50F) 90%
-10°C (14°F) 74%
AFTER 1 MONTH 5%
AFTER 6 MONTH 19%

FLOATING
CYCLE
AT 25°C (77°F) 6 .5 YEARS

FLOATING
AT 35°C (95°F) 5 ~ 6 YEARS
EXPECTED
TERMINAL TYPE A

DIMENSION (± 1MM)
47 OF 63
CONSTANT CURRENT
DISCHARGE RATES IN AMPERE AT 77°F (25°C)

AMPERES TO F.V 1.85 VOLTS PER CELL
TYPE
5 MIN 10 MIN 15 MIN 20 MIN 30 MIN 45 MIN 1 HR 3 HR 5 HR 10 HR 20 HR
MX-06012 4.514 2.729 1.920 1.555 1.157 0.832 0.684 0.285 0.200 0.109 0.059
MX-06040 15.048 9.096 6.400 5.184 3.856 2.772 2.280 0.950 0.668 0.364 0.196
MX-06070 22.572 13.644 9.600 7.776 5.784 4.158 3.420 1.426 1.002 0.546 0.294
MX-06100 35.620 22.740 16.000 12.960 9.640 6.929 5.700 2.376 1.670 0.910 0.490
MX-06120 45.144 27.288 19.200 15.552 11.568 8.315 6.840 2.851 2.004 1.092 0.588
MX-12012 4.514 2.729 1.920 1.555 1.157 0.832 0.684 0.285 0.200 0.109 0.059
MX-12040 15.048 9.096 6.400 5.184 3.856 2.772 2.280 0.950 0.668 0.364 0.796
MX-12070 26.334 15.918 11.200 9.072 6.748 4.851 3.990 1.663 1.169 0.637 0.343
MX-12120 45.144 27.288 19.200 15.552 11.568 8.315 6.480 2.851 2.004 1.092 0.588
MX-12240 90.288 54.576 38.400 31.104 23.136 16.630 13.680 5.702 4.008 2.184 1.176
MX-12310 116.622 70.494 49.600 40.176 29.884 21.481 17.670 7.366 5.177 2.821 1.1519
MX-12400 154.560 92.640 65.760 55.440 39.680 28.834 23.920 10.164 7.080 3.960 2.060
MX-12600 251.160 150.540 106.860 90.090 64.480 46.856 38.870 16.517 11.505 6.435 3.348
MX-12700 270.480 162.120 115.080 97.020 69.440 50.460 5\41.860 17.787 12.390 6.930 3.605
MX-121000 386.400 231.600 164.400 138.600 99.200 72.086 59.800 25.410 17.700 9.900 5.150
MX-122000 772.800 463.200 328.800 277.200 198.400 144.172 119.600 50.820 35.400 19.800 10.300

TYPE
MX-06012 4.605 2.779 1.949 1.577 1.178 0.841 0.697 0.289 0.202 0.110 0.059
MX-06040 15.650 9.264 6.496 5.256 3.928 2.804 2.324 0.964 0.672 0.368 0.198
MX-06070 23.026 13.896 9.744 7.884 5.892 4.205 3.486 1.445 1.008 0.552 0.297
MX-06100 38.376 230160 16.240 13.140 9.820 7.009 5.810 2.409 1.680 0.920 0.495
MX-06120 46.051 27.792 19.488 15.768 11.784 8.411 6.972 2.891 2.061 1.104 0.594
MX-12012 4.605 2.779 1.949 1.577 1.178 0.841 0.697 0.289 0.202 0.110 0.059
MX-12040 15.350 9.264 6.496 5.256 3.928 2.804 2.324 0.964 0.672 0.368 0.198
MX-12070 26.863 16.212 11.368 9.198 6.874 4.906 4.067 1.686 1.176 0.644 0.347
MX-12120 46.051 27.792 19.488 15.768 11.784 8.411 6.972 2.891 2.016 1.104 0.594
MX-12240 92.102 55.584 38.976 31.536 23.568 16.822 13.944 5.782 4.032 2.208 1.188
MX-12310 118.966 71.796 50.344 40.734 30.442 21.728 18.011 7.468 5.208 2.852 1.535
MX-12400 158.880 94.800 67.360 56.640 40.400 29.260 24.240 10.322 7.152 4.000 2.080
MX-12600 258.180 154.050 109.460 92.040 65.650 47.548 39.390 16.774 11.622 6.500 3.380
MX-12700 278.010 165.900 117.880 99.120 70.700 51.205 42.420 18.064 12.516 7.000 3.640
MX-121000 397.200 237.000 168.400 141.600 101.000 73.150 60.600 25.806 17.880 10.000 5.200
MX-122000 794.400 474.000 336.800 283.200 202.000 146.300 121.200 51.612 35.760 20.000 10.400
48 OF 63
CONSTANT CURRENT
TYPE
MX-06012 4.650 2.815 1.973 1.606 1.202 0.847 0.704 0.291 0.203 0.111 0.060
MX-06040 15.499 9.384 6.576 5.352 4.008 2.825 2.348 0.970 0.676 0.372 0.200
MX-06070 23.249 14.076 9.864 8.028 6.012 4.237 3.522 1.455 1.014 0.555 0.300
MX-06100 38.748 23.460 16.440 13.380 10.020 7.062 5.870 2.426 1.690 0.930 0.500
MX-06120 46.498 28.152 19.728 16.056 12.024 8.475 7.044 2.911 2.028 1.110 0.600
MX-12012 4.650 2.815 1.973 1.606 1.202 0.847 0.704 0.291 0.203 0.111 0.060
MX-12040 15.499 9.384 6.576 5.352 4.008 2.825 2.348 0.970 0.676 0.372 0.200
MX-12070 27.124 16.422 11.508 9.366 7.014 4.944 4.109 1.698 1.183 0.648 0.350
MX-12120 46.498 28.152 19.728 16.056 12.024 8.475 7.044 2.911 2.028 1.110 0.600
MX-12240 92.995 56.304 39.456 32.112 24.048 16.950 14.088 5.821 4.056 2.232 1.200
MX-12310 120.119 72.726 50.964 41.478 31.062 21.893 18.197 7.519 5.239 2.883 1.550
MX-12400 163.200 97.200 68.800 57.960 41.280 29.792 24.640 10.441 7.240 4.040 2.100
MX-12600 265.200 157.950 111.800 94.185 67.080 48.412 40.040 16.967 11.765 6.565 3.413
MX-12700 285.600 170.100 120.400 101.430 72.240 52.136 43.120 18.272 12.670 7.070 3.675
MX-121000 408.000 243.000 172.000 144.900 103.200 74.480 61.600 26.103 18.100 10.100 5.250
MX-122000 489.600 291.600 206.400 173.880 123.840 89.376 73.920 31.324 21.720 12.120 6.300

TYPE
MX-06012 4.680 2.844 1.997 1.627 1.212 0.854 0.710 0.297 0.204 0.113 0.061
MX-06040 15.600 9.480 6.656 5.424 4.040 2.846 2.368 0.989 0.680 0.376 0.202
MX-06070 23.400 14.220 9.984 8.136 6.060 4.269 3.552 1.483 1.020 0.564 0.303
MX-06100 39.000 23.700 16.640 13.560 10.100 7.116 5.920 2.472 1.700 0.940 0.505
MX-06120 46.800 28.440 19.968 16.272 12.120 8.539 7.104 2.966 2.040 1.128 0.606
MX-12012 4.680 2.844 1.997 1.627 1.212 0.854 0.710 0.297 0.204 0.113 0.061
MX-12040 15.600 9.480 6.656 5.424 4.040 2.847 2.368 0.989 0.680 0.376 0.202
MX-12070 27.300 16.590 11.648 9.492 7.070 4.981 4.144 1.730 1.190 0.658 0.354
MX-12120 46.800 28.440 19.968 16.272 12.120 8.539 7.104 2.966 2.040 1.128 0.606
MX-12240 93.600 56.880 39.936 32.544 24.240 17.077 14.208 5.932 4.080 2.256 1.212
MX-12310 120.900 73.470 51.584 42.036 31.310 22.058 18.352 7.662 5.270 2.914 1.566
MX-12400 168.000 98.400 70.240 59.160 41.840 30.324 25.000 10.560 7.320 4.080 2.120
MX-12600 273.000 159.900 114.140 96.135 67.990 49.277 40.625 17.160 11.895 6.630 3.445
MX-12700 294.000 172.200 122.920 103.530 73.220 53.067 43.750 18.480 12.810 7.140 3.710
MX-121000 420.000 246.000 175.600 147.900 104.600 75.810 62.500 26.400 18.300 10.200 5.300
MX-122000 840.000 492.000 351.200 295.800 209.200 151.620 125.000 52.800 36.600 20.400 10.600
49 OF 63
CONSTANT CURRENT

TYPE
MX-06012 4.736 2.909 2.040 1.671 1.236 0.867 0.720 0.301 0.206 0.115 0.062
MX-06040 15.787 9.696 6.800 5.580 4.120 2.889 2.400 1.003 0.688 0.384 0.206
MX-06070 23.681 14.544 10.200 8.370 6.180 4.333 3.600 1.505 1.032 0.576 0.309
MX-06100 39.468 24.240 17.000 13.950 10.300 7.222 6.000 2.508 1.720 0.960 0.515
MX-06120 47.362 29.088 20.400 16.740 12.360 8.666 7.200 3.010 2.064 1.152 0.618
MX-12012 4.736 2.909 2.040 1.674 1.236 0.867 0.720 0.301 0.206 0.115 0.062
MX-12040 15.787 9.696 6.800 5.580 4.120 2.889 2.400 1.003 0.688 0.384 0.206
MX-12070 27.628 16.968 11.900 9.765 7.210 5.055 4.200 1.756 1.204 0.672 0.361
MX-12120 47.362 29.088 20.400 16.740 12.360 8.666 7.200 3.010 2.064 1.152 0.618
MX-12240 94.723 58.176 40.800 33.80 24.720 17.333 14.400 6.019 4.128 2.304 1.236
MX-12310 122.351 75.144 52.700 43.245 31.930 22.388 18.600 7.775 5.332 2.976 1.597
MX-12400 175.200 100.800 72.160 61.440 43.200 31.122 25.600 10.824 7.416 4.160 2.160
MX-12600 284.700 163.800 117.260 99.840 70.200 50.573 41.600 17.589 12.051 6.760 3.510
MX-12700 306.600 176.400 126.280 107.520 75.600 54.464 44.800 18.942 12.978 7.280 3.780
MX-121000 438.000 252.000 180.400 153.600 108.000 77.805 64.000 27.060 18.540 10.400 5.400
MX-122000 876.000 504.000 360.800 307.200 216.000 155.610 128.000 54.120 37.080 20.800 10.800
50 OF 63
CONSTANT CURRENT
DISCHARGE RATES IN WATTS AT 77°F (25°C)
TYPE
5 MIN 10 MIN 15 MIN 20 MIN 30 MIN 45 MIN 60 MIN
MX-06012 8.34 5.50 3.75 3.08 2.26 1.58 1.25
MX-06040 27.79 18.34 12.51 10.26 7.52 5.27 4.16
MX-06070 41.69 27.50 18.77 15.39 11.28 7.90 6.24
MX-06100 69.48 45.84 31.28 25.65 18.80 13.17 10.40
MX-06120 83.38 55.01 37.54 30.78 22.45 15.80 12.48
MX-12012 8.34 5.50 3.75 3.08 2.26 1.58 1.25
MX-12040 27.79 18.34 12.51 10.26 7.52 5.27 4.16
MX-12070 48.64 32.09 21.90 17.96 13.16 9.22 7.28
MX-12120 83.38 55.01 37.54 30.78 22.56 15.80 12.48
MX-12180 118.12 77.93 543.18 43.61 31.96 22.38 17.68
MX-12240 166.75 110.02 75.07 61.56 45.12 31.60 24.96
MX-12310 215.39 142.10 96.97 79.52 58.28 40.82 32.24
MX-12400 277.92 183.36 125.12 102.60 75.20 52.67 41.60
MX-12600 451.62 297.96 203.32 166.73 122.20 85.59 67.60
MX-12700 486.36 320.88 218.96 179.55 131.60 92.17 72.80
MX-121000 694.80 458.40 312.80 256.50 188.00 131.67 104.00
MX-122000 1389.60 916.80 625.60 513.00 376.00 263.34 208.00

TYPE
MX-06012 8.67 5.72 3.89 3.20 2.34 1.64 1.30
MX-06040 28.90 19.08 12.96 10.68 7.80 5.48 4.32
MX-06070 43.34 28.62 19.44 16.02 11.70 8.22 6.48
MX-06100 72.24 47.70 32.40 26.70 19.50 13.70 10.80
MX-06120 86.69 57.24 38.88 32.04 23.40 16.44 12.96
MX-12012 8.67 5.72 3.89 3.20 2.34 1.64 1.30
MX-12040 28.90 19.08 12.96 10.68 7.80 5.48 4.32
MX-12070 50.57 33.39 22.68 18.69 13.65 9.59 7.56
MX-12120 86.69 57.24 38.88 32.04 23.40 16.44 12.96
MX-12180 122.81 81.09 55.08 45.39 33.15 23.29 18.36
MX-12240 173.38 114.48 77.76 64.08 46.80 32.88 25.92
MX-12310 223.94 148.87 100.44 82.77 60.45 42.47 33.48
MX-12400 288.96 190.80 129.60 106.80 78.00 54.80 43.20
MX-12600 469.56 310.05 210.60 173.55 126.75 89.04 70.20
MX-12700 505.68 333.90 226.80 186.90 136.50 95.89 75.60
MX-121000 722.40 477.00 324.00 267.00 195.00 136.99 108.00
MX-122000 1444.80 954.00 648.00 534.00 390.00 273.98 216.00
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CONSTANT CURRENT
TYPE
MX-06012 9.01 5.94 4.05 3.32 2.42 1.71 1.36
MX-06040 30.05 19.80 13.50 11.08 8.08 5.69 4.52
MX-06070 45.07 29.70 20.26 16.61 12.12 8.54 6.78
MX-06100 75.12 49.50 33.76 27.69 20.20 14.23 11.30
MX-06120 90.14 59.40 40.51 33.23 24.24 17.08 13.56
MX-12012 9.01 5.94 4.05 3.32 2.42 1.71 1.36
MX-12040 30.05 19.80 13.50 11.08 8.08 5.69 4.52
MX-12070 52.58 34.65 23.63 19.38 14.14 9.96 7.91
MX-12120 90.14 59.40 40.51 33.23 24.24 17.08 13.56
MX-12180 127.70 84.15 57.39 47.07 34.34 24.19 19.21
MX-12240 180.29 118.80 81.02 66.46 48.48 34.15 27.12
MX-12310 232.87 153.45 104.66 85.84 62.62 44.12 35.03
MX-12400 300.48 198.00 135.04 110.76 80.80 56.92 45.20
MX-12600 488.28 321.75 219.44 179.99 131.30 92.50 73.45
MX-12700 525.84 346.50 236.32 193.83 141.40 99.62 79.10
MX-121000 751.20 495.00 337.60 276.90 202.00 142.31 113.00
MX-122000 1502.040 990.00 675.20 553.80 404.00 284.62 226.00
DISCHA RGE RATES IN WATTS AT 77°F (25°C)

TYPE
MX-06012 9.35 6.16 4.22 3.46 2.52 1.77 1.40
MX-06040 31.15 20.45 14.08 11.52 8.40 5.91 4.67
MX-06070 46.73 30.82 21.12 17.28 12.60 8.86 7.00
MX-06100 77.88 51.36 35.20 28.80 21.00 14.76 11.67
MX-06120 93.46 61.63 42.24 34.56 25.20 17.72 14.00
MX-12012 9.35 6.16 4.22 3.16 2.52 1.77 1.40
MX-12040 31.15 20.54 14.08 11.52 8.40 5.91 4.67
MX-12070 54.52 35.95 24.64 20.16 14.70 10.33 8.17
MX-12120 93.46 61.63 42.24 34.56 25.20 17.72 14.00
MX-12180 132.40 87.31 59.84 48.96 35.70 25.10 19.84
MX-12240 186.91 123.26 84.48 69.12 50.40 35.43 28.01
MX-12310 241.43 159.22 109.12 89.28 65.10 45.77 36.18
MX-12400 311.52 205.44 140.80 115.20 84.00 59.05 46.68
MX-12600 506.22 333.84 228.80 187.20 136.50 95.96 75.86
MX-12700 545.16 359.52 246.40 201.60 147.00 103.34 81.69
MX-121000 778.80 513.60 352.00 288.00 210.00 147.63 116.70
MX-122000 1557.60 1027.20 704.00 576.00 420.00 295.26 233.40
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CONSTANT CURRENT

TYPE
MX-06012 10.04 56.61 4.55 3.69 2.71 2.25 1.50
MX-06040 33.46 22.03 15.17 12.31 9.04 7.50 4.99
MX-06070 50.18 33.05 22.75 18.47 13.56 11.25 7.48
MX-06100 83.64 55.08 37.92 30.78 22.60 18.75 12.47
MX-06120 100.37 66.10 45.50 36.94 27.12 22.50 14.96
MX-12012 10.04 6.61 4.55 3.69 2.71 2.25 1.50
MX-12040 33.46 22.03 15.17 12.31 9.04 7.50 4.99
MX-12070 58.55 38.56 26.54 21.55 15.82 13.13 8.73
MX-12120 100.37 66.10 45.50 36.94 27.12 22.50 14.96
MX-12180 142.19 93.64 64.46 52.33 38.42 31.88 21.20
MX-12240 200.74 132.19 91.01 73.87 54.24 45.01 29.93
MX-12310 259.28 170.75 117.55 95.42 70.06 58.13 38.66
MX-12400 334.56 220.32 151.68 1263.12 90.40 75.01 49.88
MX-12600 543.66 358.02 246.48 200.07 146.90 121.89 81.06
MX-12700 585.48 385.56 265.44 215.46 158.20 131.27 87.29
MX-121000 836.40 550.80 379.20 307.80 226.00 187.53 124.70
MX-122000 1672.80 1101.60 758.40 615.60 452.00 375.06 249.40

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59 OF 63
Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.D.S)
I. Product Identity
Product: Sealed Lead Acid Battery
Manufacturer’s Name: Distributor’s Name:
S.S. Sanshui Samtech Battery Co., Ltd Union Battery Corporation

Div. of Union Battery Corporation 205 Berg Street
No 8, Xiqing Road, Xinan Algonquin, IL 60102-3501
Sansui, Guandong China 847-854-1295
II. Hazardous Ingredients

Hazardous Components CAS No. OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV
Lead 7439921 0.050mg/m3 0.15mg/m3

Lead Oxides 7439921 0.050mg/m3 0.15mg/m3
38% sulfuric-Acid
1.280 s.g.
III. Physical Properties

Boiling Point N/A Specific Gravity 9.5g/cc, 1.28/cc
Vapor Pressure: N/A Melting Point: 1634° F(approx.)

Vapor Density: N/A Evaporation Rate: N/A
Solubility in H2 O: Negligible
Appearance & Order N/A
IV. Fire/Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point (Test Method): N/A
Flammability: UL 94 HB
Flammable Limits in Air: Lower N/A Upper: N/A
Extinguishing Media: Walter, Foam, Dry
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: N/A
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazard: Keep lighte3d cigarettes, sparks
Flames away. Explosion can result if charged in gas tight
enclosures.
V. Reactivity Data
Stability: Stable
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Incompatibility (Material to Avoid): Solvents may dissolve battery case material
Hazardous Decomposition Severe overcharge and overheating may
Or Byproducts: cause sulfur oxide fumes.
60 OF 63
Material Safety Data Sheet Continued
VI. Health Hazard Data

Rout(s) of Entry: Eyes, Inhalation, Skin and Ingestion
Health Hazards (Acute & Chronic): Severe burns and eye damage from sulfuric
Acid electrolyte. Illness from sulfur oxide
Fumes. Contains lead which is known to
Cause birth defects or reproductive harm.
Carcinogen city: N/A NTP: No
IARC: No OSHA Regulated: No
Signs & Symptoms of Exposure: Irritation and acid burns.
Emergency and First Aid Procedures:
For sulfur oxide fumes: disconnect batteries, evacuate and ventilate.
External: flush area contaminated by sulfuric acid electrolyte with water.
Internal: drink large quantities of water or milk, followed by milk of magnesia, beaten
eggs or vegetable oil.
VII. Precautions for Handling

Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled:
Avoid contact with sulfuric acid electrolyte from battery. Flush with water.
Waste disposal method:
Neutralize with solution of baking soda in water. Do not incinerate. Dispose with
Automotive battery scrap in accordance with local and federal regulation.
Precautions to be taken in handling and storing:
Batteries with released electrolyte shall be sealed in polyethylene bags.
Keep batteries away from children.
Other precautions:
Do not crack battery cases. Do not overcharge. Do not short circuit battery terminals.
Keep lighted cigarettes, sparks and flames away from charging batteries.
VII. Control Measures

Respiratory Protection (Specify Type): N/A
Ventilation: Natural Convection
Protective Glove: Use rubber gloves if case is cracked
Eye Protection: Recommended
Other protective Clothing Equipment: N/A
Work/Hygienic Practies: N/A
61 OF 63
January 5, 2004
To Whom It May Concern:

Subject: International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods
Regulations as applied to Union Battery's Maintenance Free
rechargeable Sealed Acid Batteries.
We hereby certify that all Union Battery's Maintenance Free Rechargeable Sealed Lead
Acid Batteries conform to the UN2800 classification as "batteries, wet, non-spillable,
electric storage".
th
We further certify that under IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, 47 Edition,
UN2800, Union Battery's sealed acid batteries meet the requirements to conform to
special provision A67, classifying them as non-dangerous goods. The Union Battery's
sealed acid batteries are therefore EXEMPT from the subject regulations for dangerous
goods and are acceptable for transport on both cargo and passenger aircraft.
For you reference:
IATA Dangerous Goods Regulation, 44th Edition, Section 4.5A, Special Provision;
A67 Non-spillable batteries are considered to be non-dangerous if at a
temperature of 55 deg. C(130 deg. F), the electrolyte will not flow
from a ruptured or cracked case and there is no free liquid to flow
and if, when packaged for transport, the terminals are protected from short
circuit.
Union Battery Corporation

Mike Kim
President
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Electrolysis of sulfuric acid in the lead -acid battery
Composition of
Gas evolution per second generated gas(%,
icA
Cathode Anode Log (ia/i c) v/v)
Ec - Ea (if i a
Potential Potential [Equation ia/i c
(V) assumed
Ec (V) Ea (V) (8)]
10A) Oxygen Hydrogen
(ia x (10 i c/ ia)x Total Oxygen Hydrogen
11200)/(2x96500) 0.1160
2.30 2.20 +0.10 0.8455 7.0065 1.427246 0.5803 0.1655605 0.7459 77.8 21.2
2.30 2.22 +0.08 1.0764 4.7468 1.10668 0.5803 0.244375 0.8247 70.4 29.6
2.30 2.25 +0.05 0.42275 2.6470 3.77786 0.5803 0.438232 1.0185 57.0 43.0
2.30 2.28 +0.02 0.1691 1.4761 6.77461 0.5803 0.785855 1.3662 42.5 57.5
2.30 2.29 +0.01 0.08455 1.2149 8.23113 0.5803 0.954811 1.5351 37.8 62.2
2.30 2.295 +0.005 0.042275 1.10224 9.07243 0.5803 1.052402 1.6327 35.5 64.5
2.30 2.32 -0.02 0.1691 1.4761 6.77461 0.5803 0.785855 1.3662 42.5 57.5
2.30 2.35 -0.05 -0.4275 0.3778 26.46903 0.5803 3.070407 3.6507 15.929.6 84.1
63 OF 63

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UNION BATTERY

205 Berg Street

This technical manual is provided by Union Battery Corp

1-1 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS --------------------------------------------------------------- 2

2-1 PLATE --------------------------------------------------------------- 14

3. NOMINAL CAPACITY AND DIMENSION ------------------------------------------------ 19

4. STORAGE SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------ 20

6. USEFUL FORMULA ------------------------------------------------ 22

6-1 CALCULATION EQUATION OF VOLUME OF HYDROGEN DURING CHARGE ------------------------- 22

7-1 PACKING CONDITION - U.S ------------------------- 25

8. BATTERIES COMMON USES ------------------------------------------------ 27

1-1 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS

Pb02 + 2H2SO4 + Pb + PbSO4 + 2H2O + PbSO4

POS. ELECTROLYTE NEG. POS. ELECTROLYTE NEG.

REACTION FROM BEGINNING OF CHARGE TO BEFORE THE FINAL STAGE.

(1) REACTION AT POSITIVE PLATE (OXYGEN GENERATION)

a) 2H2O ---- O2 + 4h+ + 4e-

MIGRATES TO NEGATIVE PLATE SURFACE

(2) REACTION AT NEGATIVE PLATE

b) CHEMICAL REACTION OF SPONGY LEAD WITH OXYGEN

2Pb + O2 ---- 2PbO

c) CHEMICAL RFEACTION OF PbO WITH ELECTROLYTE

2PbO + 2H2SO4 ----2PbSO4 + 2H2O

2PbSO4 + 4H+ + 4e- ---- 2Pb + 2H2SO4

TOTAL REACTION AT NEGATIVE PLATE

O2 + 4H+ + 4e- ---- 2H2O

REACTION AFTER FINAL STAGE OF CHARGE

1-2 CHARGE CHARACTERISTICS

THE FOUR CHARGING METHODS ARE:

CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGING

THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT IS:

FOR CYCLE SERVICE : 5.0mV/ °C CELL

APPLICATION TEMPERATURE SET. POINT ALLOW RANGE MAX. CHARGING CURRENT

FLOATING VOLTAGE CHARGE

CHARGING VOLTAGE COMPENSATION TEMPERATURE

CYCLIC OPERATION : VC t = VC. 25 – 0.005 (T-25)

1-3 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS

1-4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CAPACITY

1-5 SELF DISCHARGE

1-6 LIFE CHARACTERISTICS

Ø TESTING CONDITIONS: DISCHARGE CURRENT 0.25C AMP (F.V 1.70V/CELL)

1. 100% discharge 2. 50% discharge 3. 30% discharge

? OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE vs CAPACITY

STATE OF CHARGE 100% 80% 60% 40% 30% 20%

O.C.V (V/CELL) 2.1702 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.02 1.99

1-7 INTERNAL RESISTANCE

INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF THE UNION PRODUCT RANGE

TYPE INTERNAL RESISTANCE TYPE INTERNAL RESISTANCE

6V 1.2AH 60.0 mΩ 12V 24AH 11.0 mΩ

6V 4.0AH 20.0 mΩ 12V 31AH 10.0 mΩ

6V 7.0AH 12.0 mΩ 12V 40AH 8.0 mΩ

6V 10AH 9.0 mΩ 12V 60AH 5.0 mΩ

6V 12AH 8.0 mΩ 12V 70AH 4.5 mΩ

12V 1.2AH 120.0 mΩ 12V 100AH 3.5 mΩ

12V 2.0AH 61.0 mΩ 12V 200AH 2.5 mΩ

12V 7.0AH 32.0 mΩ

12V 12AH 16.0 mΩ

12V 18AH 14.0 mΩ

1-8 GASES EMISSION

THE UNION BATTERY SHOULD NEVER BE OPERATED IN A GAS-TIGHT CONTAINER.

Characteristics: common use of 6V, 12V series

QUALITY OF THE MATERIAL CA – ALLOY LEAD PURE LEAD

Pb Remained Min. 99.99%