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The president of the first Philippine republic (1899). He started as a member of the Magdalo Chapter of the
Katipunan in Cavite, then was elected president of the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention on
March 22,1897, and, later, Biak-na-Bato Republic. He proclaimed Philippine independence at Kawit on June 12,
1898. His capture foreshadowed the end of large-scale armed resistance to American rule.
The first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American rule. He was president of
the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. For advocating Filipino-language amendments to the 1935 Constitution, he
is known as the “Father of the National Language.”
The 3rd among Philippine presidents to assume office during the era of the Japanese occupation of World War
II, Jose P. Laurel is the only Filipino president in his time to have been shot outside of combat.
• since the early 1960s, Laurel considered a legitimate president of the Philippines
• organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or Association for Service to the New
Philippines), a provisional government during Japanese occupation
• declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in 1944
4.Sergio Osmeña (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946)
Sergio Osmeña was the second president of the Commonwealth. During his presidency, the Philippines joined
the International Monetary Fund.
• became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold office
• first Visayan to become president
• joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of Philippine
freedom after Japanese occupation
• Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund during
his presidency
• Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his presidency
• appears on the 50-peso bill
He was the fifth Philippine president but was considered as the third and last president under the
Commonwealth era making him the next first leader of the Third Republic of the Philippines (R.P.). Shortlived
as he served for some reason, he only assumed office for a very short period of 1 year, 10 months and 18 days
to be exact.
• inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II
• reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his presidency
• under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by Congress
• appears on the 100-peso bill
Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino became
president.
President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957. He had been President Quirino’s secretary of defense who was
instrumental is suppressing the HUK rebellion. As president, he persuaded Congress to pass the Agricultural
Tenancy Act (1954). It was during his term that the Retail Trade Nationalization Act was passed. He secured
revisions in the Bell Trade Act and was the first president to revise the US Military Bases agreement to bring it
more in line with Philippine interests.
A lawyer, poet, and teacher, Carlos P. Garcia also served as a guerrilla leader during the Pacific War. Born in
Bohol, Garcia serviced as vice president under Ramon Magsaysay and as secretary of Foreign Affairs for four
years. He was among the founders of the Association for Southeast Asia (1963), the precursor of the
Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).He became president when Magsaysay died in 1957.
• known for “Filipino First Policy,” which favored Filipino businesses over foreign investors
• established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce
• known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol”
• cultural arts was revived during his term
• was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal was a lawyer and professor. His daughter Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo was the 14th, and second female, president of the Philippines. It was during his presidency that
Independence Day was moved from July 4 to June 12, the date when General Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine
independence in Cavite.
• established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase of private farmland to be distributed in
inexpensive, small lots to the landless
• placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market
• declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines’ Independence Day
• signed the Minimum Wage Law
• created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank
Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate President for three years. He
was president for 21 years. He ruled under martial law and his dictatorship was known for its corruption and
brutality. Marcos was removed from office after the People Power Revolution.
President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. With Salvador Laurel as running mate, she led the opposition
that overthrew the authoritarian government of Marcos, who went into exile after the successful People’s
Power revolution of 1986. She first established a revolutionary government under the Freedom Constitution,
later replaced by the Constitution of 1987, which served as the basis for reestablishing democracy
A military general in his time when the former first female president resumed power over EDSA revolution, the
popular name for this Philippine president is FVR. He was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines during Cory's regime before he became president. A civil engineer by college career, Ramos is a
PMA bred elite. He brought back economic growth and stability in the country in spite of the Asian Financial
Crisis in 1997. He is the first and only non-Catholic (protestant) president of the Philippines.
Erap para sa mahirap is his popular slogan. Joseph Ejercity Estrada is the first film actor to become president of
a country next to Ronald Reagan. His presidency was controversial. During his years in office economic growth
was slow and he faced impeachment proceedings. He was ousted from the presidency in 2001. He was later
convicted of stealing from the government but was pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010
• during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and camps were captured
• joined other leaders and politicians to try to amend the 1987 Constitution
• cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989
• among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to terminate the agreement that allows for U.S. control of Clark
Airbase and Subic Naval Base
14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010)
President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004. She served as vice president under President Estrada and
became president when he was forced to step down for malfeasance, through the People’s Power II revolution.
PGMA has confronted some of the same obstacles as did her father, President Diosdado Macapagal, when he
tried to clean up corruption in government
Popularly known as PNoy, he is the son of the first female Philippine president and of Asia – Corazon Cojuangco
Aquino. Real name is Simeon Benigno Aquino III a.k.a. NoyNoy or PNoy joined the House of Representatives
and the Senate before his presidency.
Current president of the Philippines. Was elected to a six-year term in May 2016. Took office on June 30.
Known by the nickname Digong. A lawyer and politician of Visayan descent from the southern island of
Mindanao.