Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

The K to 12 program covers kindergarten and 12 years of Basic Education

(Six years of primary Education, Four years of senior high school) to provide

sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop life-long learners, and

prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development,

employment entrepreneurship.(Gazette, 2013)

The Government hopes that the additional years will be able to equip

students with the skills and knowledge they need for the next big step of their lives

be it in college, future employment entrepreneurship or future technical and

vocational training. Moreover, this is necessary for the Philippines to keep up with

the international standards – as the Philippines was only country that followed a

ten-year pre-university set-up prior to the implementation of K -12.(Yu, 2018)

The Philippines government implemented the k -12 because of the poor

quality of basic education and the Philippines was one of only 3 countries in the

world and only one in Asia that still had only 10 years in basic education. Senior

High School provides opportunities for students to concentrate on a certain field in

Business, Science and Engineering. Humanities and Social Science, and General

Academics. They will also exposed to sports. Arts and Design, and Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood courses depending on the track they will choose.(Lou, 2016)

 According to Republic Act No. 10533 “Enhancing the Philippine Basic

Education System by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of

years for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds therefore and for other purposes.”

This act is to address the poor quality of Basic Education provided by the current

curriculum as reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipinos students and the

Philippines unemployment rate. International test results like the 2003 trends in

International Mathematics and Science study (TIMSS), rank the Philippines not

only below the international average, but also as the last in Asia.(Lim, 2014)

Completion of senior high school is a requirement for college admission, so

if you are aiming to study a four or a five year degree program in college, finishing

senior high school is a must. Aside from that, senior high school also allows

students to study general education subject but they wouldn’t have otherwise study

until their first or second year in college – giving them more time to dig deeper into

their chosen specialization they should eventually decide to pursue higher

education in senior there are two kinds of track which is the academic track and

technical vocational livelihood track. Academic track defines a set of possible

course selections available to a specific group of students. While Tech-Voc is also

invests primarily on skills that can gain requisite COCs or Certificate of

Competency and NCs or National Certification.(Yu, 2018).

In the Senior High School at Irineo L. Santiago National High School of

Metro dadiangas is Already 3 years the students are having National Competency

Exam. Thus this study would like to focus on the experiences of Computer System
Servicing Students in the National Competency Exam at Irineo L. Santiago

National High School of Metro Dadiangas.

Purpose statement

The purpose in this phenomenology is to explore their experiences,

challenges, strategies and insight of the Grade 12 National Competencies Exam

passers of Irineo L. Santiago National High School.

Significance of the Study

This research is essential because it is the phenomenon event that helps

us to know their challenges, experiences, insight and strategies that could inspire

Grade 11 Computer System Servicing Students to know more about this course.

The study is also bringing benefits of the following body.

The Students. They will gain information about Taking National

Competencies Exam and their skills about the Computer will improve.

The Teacher. They will attain more opportunities in direction of teaching

much more than they can open.

The Parents. They can save more savings because the new program

offers primary and secondary education in public schools at no cost.

Research Question

What are the experiences of the Grade 12 Computer System Servicing

students while taking the National Competencies exam?

Scope and Delimitation

This research is delimited only in finding the experiences of the Grade 12

Computer System Servicing students. The participants are the Grade 12

Computer System Servicing students who were enrolled in Irineo L. Santiago

National High School of Metro Dadiangas.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally:

Experiences. This refers to the nature of the events someone or something has

undergo. Experiences is what is happening to us all the time (Lark, 2004).

Operationally, this is the focus or the subject of the present study.

Students. A person enrolled in a school or other educational who attend classes

in a course to attain the appropriate level of mastery of a subject under the

guidance of instructor.(Plath, 2014)

Computer System Servicing (CSS).This course is designed to develop

knowledge, Skills, and attitude of a Computer Service Technician in

according with industry standards (Samson, 2016)

National Competencies Exam. Operationally this is an Examination given to the

Grade 12 Computer System Servicing Students as they exit.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature

This Chapter presents the review of related Literature that includes

information, Experiences and studies which are found to the book and websites

that can be use to the Study.

Theoretical Lens

Competency-Based Learning

The term competency is often used to describe the knowledge to be able

perform at a particular task. According to Norman (2013) Competency is more than

knowledge. It includes the understanding of knowledge, technical, and

Communication skill and the ability to problem solve through the use technical

judgement. Competence is the ability to perform a pacific task, action or function

successfully. Competencies are us to create unique standards within disciplines

and specialities. This encompasses educator, learners, Practitioners. According to

verma (2013), “Competencies in education create an environment that fosters and

empowerment, Accountability, and performance evaluation, which consistent and

equitable. The acquisition of competencies can be through talent, experience, or

training.”

The research was based on the theory of Cognitive Flexibility, teaching

moves beyond learner satisfaction and attempts to assess the extent to which
students have advanced in skills, knowledge, and attitude to determine the amount

of learning that has occurred. Level three is transfer; this level looks at the transfer

that has occurred in learners' behaviour due to the teaching program. Teaching at

this level attempts to answer the question - are the newly acquired skills,

knowledge, or attitude ready to be used in the everyday environment of the

learner? Cognitive Flexibility means the ability to spontaneously restructure one's

knowledge in many ways, in adaptive response to radically changing situational

demands. The Theory largely concerns with transfer of knowledge and skills

beyond their initial learning situation. Skills transfer can be described as students

desire to use the knowledge and skills mastered in the training program on the job.

(McLean, 2014).

National Competency exam are the result of integrative learning

experiences in which skills, abilities, and knowledge interact to form learning

bundles that have a currency related to the task for which they are assembled;

interest in competencies is accelerating throughout the world (Voorhees, 2014).

Until recently, competencies have been discussed from the demand side

of employment with consideration primarily given to the needs of employers.

Competency models can be used by the supply side of the labour market as well,

such as a learner or student, incumbent worker, or hopeful and expectant new

employees applying for a position to achieve job stability (Ennis, 2014).

Competency-based models enjoy an obvious connection to aspirational

student learning statements, because they shift the focus from instructional

delivery to student performance Competency-based learning (CBL) involves

redefining program, classroom, and experiential education objectives as

competencies or skills and focusing coursework on competency development

(Steward, 2014)

Since the 1990s, competencies have become code words for the human

resources and strategic management practices of recruiting, selecting, placing,

leading, and training employees and evaluating employee performance.

Competency-based assessment and feedback has become a predominant

workplace reality which is commonly used as an organizational development tool

for the learner. (Garavan, 2015)

The Benefits of National Competency Exam

One way of improving yourself is through learning and acquiring new sets

of skills. Nowadays, it is easy to learn new skills because there are various online

and face-to-face classes available for them to enrol in. The Technical Education

and skills Development Authority or TESDA, for example, offers a long list of free

of affordable courses that will help you expand their knowledge in a specific

subject. Established in accordance with the Republic Act No. 7796 or the Technical

Education and skills Act of 1942 TESDA provides hands-on training of online

instructions. It aims to help individuals in developing their skills through a rigorous

training program that will boost their chances of employability.(Biliran, 2018)

According to Biliran (2018) It is important to invest in yourself through self-

improvement. Gaining skills from finishing a TESDA courses will help them to be

a better in your chosen field or may potentially make them earn more money.
TESDA assesses and certifies mid-level skilled workers through the Philippine

TVET Competency Assessment and Certification System. Those who qualify for a

national certificate of certificate of competency can get a higher paying job than

they previously have. For example, an entry level job at a game development

company will require a 2D animation III course while mid-level job will require a 2D

Animation NC III course. TESDA helps their students and land jobs upon

graduation. According to a report in their official website, 7 out of 10 tech-voc or

technical-vocational graduates get jobs. And with more than 200 courses to

choose from, the opportunities for them will be endless. It’s also important to note

that TESDA helps them avoid career mismatch. If you take courses specific to

what you want. Studying at TESDA can get you employed in less than a year from

several weeks to six months of training. But if you want to pursue a four-year

program after TESDA, the courses they earn will be credited to their chosen

degree provided that they’re related. This means that the time they spent studying

at TESDA will open opportunities for them to pursue further studies.(Biliran, 2018)

The Benefits of National Certification

National Certification benefits the heavy equipment industry in a number of

ways. First, it’s a great way to ensure safe practices in the work force. If there is

one industry standard for best safety practices, then it’s easier to ensure that every

job site employs the safest equipment operators and operates efficiency according

to industry guidelines. Another way national certification benefits the industry is it

cuts back on regulation. If the heavy equipment industry is policing its own ranks,
then the government (federal or state) won’t have to. That means there will be

fewer regulations and fewer regulators climbing all over our backs.(Glosser, 2016)

Organizations like National Commission for the certification of Crane

Operators and National Centre for Construction Education and Research do a lot

to ensure that the heavy equipment industry employs safe workers and uses the

best safe practices on the job site. One way that is done is through training. If they

get trained by an organization on good terms with these two industry certification

authorities, then they start their career off on the right foot. Many employers won’t

hire them if they aren’t certified. Many of them won’t even talk to them. On a

personal note, national certification is a benefit to them because they can go

anywhere in the country and get a job. They don’t have to transfer they certification

from one state to another, and they don’t have to worry about getting re-certified if

they relocate. Their certification is good in every state.(Shubert ,2016)

Related Studies

Periodic articles, books and other related literature written by foreign and

local researchers and authors helped strengthen this section of the study.

Similarities of the topic and research methods are the basic considerations in the

inclusion of the materials. DepEd NCBTS is one of the implementation actions of

BESRA Program Implementation Plan is the Competency-Based Teachers

Standards in order to achieve the improved basic education outcomes for all by

enabling more teachers to operative competency-based teaching. This literature is

very significant to the present study since this research study is based on this text

where teachers’ competency level will be assessed based on the National

Competency-Based Standard in terms of the NCBTS seven domains and their

corresponding indicators. The review of related literature and studies served as a

foundation of the study. This section guided the researcher in pursuing his

research venture for it helped his understand his research topic better, especially

the concept and principles of student teacher and cooperating teacher. Monroe,

Graham and Ferrel (2013), stress the role of a teacher in the improvement of

education. While Lasco & Baguinat III (2013) as cited by Jalimao (2014) focus on

the teachers’ competency as outcome method for teaching performance. A pre-

service teacher is the preparation to become a future teacher. In this case, Hougan

(2013), Virginia State University Student Teacher Handbook (2016), Education’s

Student Supervised Teaching Handbook of Manhattan Ville College {2013) focus

on the importance of pre-service teachers in the developing of students

performance and gains much specialized knowledge with their mentors. Contrary

to the statement of Kiggundu (2016)

Conclusion

In conclusion Many states are moving away from approaches that base

student advancement on credits and “seat time” toward competency-based

learning approaches that provide schools with the flexibility to link a student’s

advancement to mastery of content. The purpose of the Competency-based

Learning is to help high schools and school districts collect data on student

experiences with competency-based learning. Policymakers and practitioners

need this information to improve implementation of and communication about

competency-based learning with students. The research is designed to be

administered to students attending high schools in which competency-based

learning is being implemented. It collects information on students’ beliefs about,

exposure to, and understanding of key elements of competency-based learning.

These elements include instructional practices that allow students to progress

through demonstration of mastery, receive personalized instruction and learning

opportunities, demonstrate mastery through flexible assessment, and develop

specific skills and dispositions that may be especially critical under competency-

based learning. The guide describes the research in greater detail, including why

it was developed, how to administer and adapt it, and how to analyze the results.

The guide also includes the version of the research that was developed for use

with high school students in Irineo L. Santiago National High School of Metro

Dadiangas.
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Introduction

This chapter presents the method of research being used, the research

design, the locale of the study, the research participants, the research

implementation and data gathering.

Research Design

The present study is utilized as a Qualitative Research which is a type of

social science research that gathers and works with non-numerical data and that

seeks to interpret weaning from these data that helps us understand social life

through the study of targeted populations or places (Crossman, 2019).

This research methods use phenomenology which means is an approach

to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within

a particular group and it is also a the fundamental goal of the approach goal to

arrive at a description of the nature of the particular phenomenon (Creswell, 2013).

The Locale of the Study

This study is to be conducted at the Senior High School of Irineo L.Santiago

National High School of Metro Dadiangas year 2018-2019.

Research Participants

The participants are composed of (10) students of Grade 12 Computer

System Servicing who took their Natonal Competency Exam at Irineo L. Santiago

National High School of Metro Dadiangas Year 2018-2019.

A purposive sampling is utilized in this study which is a non-probability

sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective

of the study. Purposive Sampling is also known as judgmental, selective, or

subjective sampling.(Crossman,2018)

Research Instrumentation

In identifying the challenges, strategies, and insights of the Senior High

School Students in National Competency Exam, participants are going to answer

the interview guide validated by the two experts in qualitative research