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Assuming that the mean of the process is in the centre of the Upper
Specification Limit (USL) and Lower Specification Limit (LSL), the process
has the same probability of staying inside the limit on EITHER side.
The SHORTER gap divided by σ will give the sigma level of the process.
Let’s say that the actual mean of the process, when measured, appears to
have shifted 1.5 σ to one side.
There is a notion that the 6 σ process yields a defect rate of 3.4 ppm. This is
not entirely true as a real 6 σ process yields a defect rate of 0.002 ppm.
The 3.4 ppm concept came from a Motorola process where it was decided
that a process will be called “6 σ Process” if