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New Quantities
Formulas
General Problem Solving Strategy
Example Problem #1
Example Problem #2
Sample Problems
Solutions to Sample Problems
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These quantities are defined and explained on other pages execept Impulse
and momentum. They are defined below.
New Quantities
Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity
This means p(momentum)=m(mass)*V(velocity) by the definition of momentum
Momentum is measured in N(Newton)m(meters)/s(per second)
1. F = ma
2. a = /\V/t
Formulas
So now we have all the formulas we need for solving impulse and momentum
problems:
1. p = mV
2. F = m(/\V/t)....(From above)
3. /\p = Ft
4. F = ma
Joe the alien fires a 20 Kg photon torpedo at 200 m/s from his stationary UFO in deep
space. The torpedo has special no fuel engines that can give 650 N of force. What is
the momentum of the torpedo? How long must Joe fire the engines to get 3000 Ns of
impulse. What speed is Joe attempting to get the torpedo to go? If Joe is firing at you
and your UFO can accelerate at a rate of 30 m/s/s, will you be able to out accellerate
the torpedo?
a. Momentum is just p=mv so plug in the known m (20) and V (200) 20 * 200 = 4000
Kgm/s
b. The needed formula is /\p = Ft. F (650) and /\p (1500) are given. divide both sides
of the equation by F to get /\p/F = t then plug in the known values to get 3000/650 = t
= 4.62 Ns
c. The needed formula now is F = m(/\V/t). F is still 650 N, the torpedo still has a
mass of 20 Kg and time can be found from part b. When you plug them in you get 650
= 20(/\V/2.31). Multiplying both sides by 2.31/20 gives you (4.62 * 650)/20 = /\V =
150 m/s. Since this is the change in speed (hence the /\), 150 needs to be added to the
original 200. The final speed is 350 m/s.
d. F = ma is the importanr equation now. You know F (650 N) and m (20 Kg) so just
divide both sides of the equation by m to solve it for a and plug in the numbers to get
650/20 = a = 32.5 m/s/s. So you better hope you have a big enough head start.
Sample Problems
The answers to each problem follow it in parentheses. They also link to a solution to
the problem.
Try the problem, check your answer, and go to the solution if you do not understand.
1.
What is the momentum of a 23 Kg cannon shell going 530 m/s?
(12190 Kgm/s)
2.
What speed must a 5 Kg object go to have 24 Kgm/s of momentum?
(4.8 m/s)
3.
A bullet going 640 m/s has 42 Kgm/s of momentum. What is its mass?
4.
What is the impulse imparted by a rocket that exerts 4.8 N for 1.63 seconds?
(7.8 Ns)
5.
For what time must you exert a force of 45 N to get an impulse of 16 Ns?
(.36 s)
6.
What force exerted over 6 seconds gives you an impulse of 64 Ns?
(10.7 N)
7.
What is the change in velocity of a .35 Kg air track cart if you exert a
force of 1.2 N on
it for 3 seconds?
(10.3 m/s)
8.
A rocket engine exerts a force of 500 N on a space probe (in outer space!)
for 5 seconds.
The probe speeds up from rest to a speed of 21 m/s. What is its mass?
(119 Kg)
9.
What force exerted for .12 seconds will make a .54 Kg baseball change its
velocity 80 m/s.
(360 N)
10.
How long must the space probe in question 8 fire its engine to change its
velocity by 3 m/s?
(.71 s)
11.
A rocket engine burns 5 Kg of fuel per second. The exhaust gas velocity is
608 m/s. What is
the thrust of the engine? What time must it burn to impart an impulse of
12,000 Ns? How much
12.
An 11 Ns rocket engine has 12.5 g of fuel. What is the exhaust velocity?
(880 m/s)
13.
A rocket generates 25 N of thrust, and the exhaust gas velocity is 1250 m/s.
At what rate
does it consume fuel in Kg/s? How much fuel has it burned in 5 minutes?
consumes .250 Kg of fuel per second, and it has an exhaust velocity of 720
m/s. For how much
time will the engine burn? What is the initial acceleration of the rocket
engine? What is the
15.
A rocket takes off from the surface of the Earth straight up. The total mass
of the rocket is
5000 Kg, 3500 Kg of which is fuel. The exhaust gas velocity is 3000 m/s, and
the rocket
consumes 25 Kg of fuel per second. For how long do the engines burn? What is
the thrust of the
engine? What is the initial and final accelerations of the rocket? (Don't
forget gravity)
1.
What is the momentum of a 23 Kg cannon shell going 530 m/s?
23 * 530 = 12190 kgm/s....p = mV
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
2.
What speed must a 5 Kg object go to have 24 Kgm/s of momentum?
24 = 5 * V....p = mV
3.
A bullet going 640 m/s has 42 Kgm/s of momentum. What is its mass?
42 = 640 * m....p = mV
m = 42/640 or .066 kg
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
4.
What is the impulse imparted by a rocket that exerts 4.8 N for 1.63 seconds?
4.8 * 1.63 = 7.824 or 7.8 Ns..../\p = Ft
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
5.
For what time must you exert a force of 45 N to get an impulse of 16 Ns?
16 = 45 * t..../\p = Ft
t = 16/45 or .36 s
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
6.
What force exerted over 6 seconds gives you an impulse of 64 Ns?
64 = 6 * N..../\p = Ft
N = 64/6 or 10.7 N
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
7.
What is the change in velocity of a .35 Kg air track cart if you exert a
force of 1.2 N on
it for 3 seconds?
.35 * /\V = 1.2 * 3....F = m(/\V/t)
8.
A rocket engine exerts a force of 500 N on a space probe (in outer space!)
for 5 seconds.
The probe speeds up from rest to a speed of 21 m/s. What is its mass?
21 * m = 500 * 5....F = m(/\V/t)
m = 2500/21 or 119 kg
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
9.
What force exerted for .12 seconds will make a .54 Kg baseball change its
velocity 80 m/s.
N * .12 = .54 * 80....F = m(/\V/t)
N = 43.2/.12 or 360 N
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
10.
How long must the space probe in question 8 fire its engine to change its
velocity by 3 m/s?
500 * t = 119 * 3....F = m(/\V/t)
t = 357/500 or .71 s
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents
11.
A rocket engine burns 5 Kg of fuel per second. The exhaust gas velocity is
608 m/s. What is
the thrust of the engine? What time must it burn to impart an impulse of
12,000 Ns? How much
t = 12000/3040 or 3.95 s
burning
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12.
An 11 Ns rocket engine has 12.5 g of fuel. What is the exhaust velocity?
11 = .0125 * V....F = m(/\V/t)
13.
A rocket generates 25 N of thrust, and the exhaust gas velocity is 1250 m/s.
At what rate
does it consume fuel in Kg/s? How much fuel has it burned in 5 minutes?
a. 25 = 1250 * V....F = m(/\V/t)
seconds it is burning
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14.
A small rocket probe in deep space has a mass of 68.5 Kg, 45.2 Kg of which is
fuel. Its engine
consumes .250 Kg of fuel per second, and it has an exhaust velocity of 720
m/s. For how much
time will the engine burn? What is the initial acceleration of the rocket
engine? What is the
a = 180/68.5
a = 180/23.3
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15.
A rocket takes off from the surface of the Earth straight up. The total mass
of the rocket
is 5000 Kg, 3500 Kg of which is fuel. The exhaust gas velocity is 3000 m/s ,
and the rocket
consumes 25 Kg of fuel per second. For how long do the engines burn? What is
the thrust of the
engine? What is the initial and final accelerations of the rocket? (don't
forget gravity)
26000/5000 = a
c2. 75000(from b) - (9.8 * (5000 - 3500))(gravity) = (5000 - 3500) * a....F =
ma
60300/1500 = a
Go to: Problem Formulas Table of Contents