vi

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1.1 Block Diagram of Automatic Fire Sprinkler System 2
2.1 History of Fire Sprinkler Heads 4
2.2 System and Operation of a Fire Sprinkler 5
2.3 Assumed Heat Release Rate Curve for Sprinkler Fire Control 7
3.1 Pressure Gauge 14
3.2 Alarm Gone or Water Flow Alarm 15
3.3 Automatic Air Release Valve 16
3.4 Control Valve 17
3.5 Components of Fire Sprinkler Head 18
3.6 Components of Pendent Sprinkler Head 19
3.7 Water Discharge Pattern of Pendent Sprinkler Head 20
3.8 Components of Upright Sprinkler Head 20
3.9 Water Discharge Pattern of Upright Sprinkler Head 21
3.10 Components of Sidewall Sprinkler Head 21
3.11 Water Discharge Pattern of Sidewall Sprinkler Head 22
3.12 Components of Concealed Sprinkler Head 22
3.13 Water Discharge Pattern of Concealed Sprinkler Head 23
3.14 Fire Pump 24
3.15 Jockey Pump 25
3.16 Different Brands of PLC 26
3.17 Simatic PLC S7-1500 28
3.18 Pressure Switch 29
3.19 Flow Switch 29
3.20 Flow Switch in Normal Condition 29
3.21 Flow Switch in Water Flow Condition 30
3.22 Mechanical Pipe Joint 31
3.23 Pipe Support 31
4.1 Distribution Sprinkler Pipes Pattern 33
 vii

4.2 Arrangement of Sprinkler Heads 34

4.3 Design Area of Sprinkler Heads 34
4.4 Flowchart of Automatic Fire Sprinkler System 38
4.5 Schematic Diagram of PLC Control System 39
5.1 Ladder Diagram for Fire Pumps Operation 40
5.2 Start of the Program 41
5.3 Over 5.5 Bar Position 41
5.4 Between 3.5 and 5.5 Bar Position 42
5.5 Under 3.5 Bar Position 42
5.6 Program Stop 43