bit.

ly/vajiram2019governance

EDUCATION POLICY
LECTURE FRAMWORK:

• PAST YEAR PAPERS

• DIMENSIONS TO EDUCATION POLICY
• MHRD STRUCTURE
• EDUCATION AND THE LAW
• SCHOOL EDUCATION REVIEW
Mains - PYPs
YEAR EDUCATION

2018 ESSAY: A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge

2017 ESSAY: The destiny of a nation lies in its class room

2016 Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health
care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance?

2015 The quality of higher education in India requires major improvement to make it internationally competitive. Do
you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve the quality of technical and higher
education in the country. Discuss.
2014 Should the Premier institutes like IITs/ IIMs be allowed to retain premier status, allowed more academic
independence in designing course and also decide mode/ criteria of selection of students. Discuss in light of the
growing challenges.
2013 The concept of Mid Day Meal (MDM) scheme is almost a century old in India with early beginnings in Madras
Presidency in pre-independent India. The scheme has again been given impetus in most states in the last two
decades. Critically examine its twin objectives, latest mandates and success:
 DEMOGRAP
HICS

MORAL NATIONAL
EDUCATION
COMPASS SECURITY

EMPLOYME
NT
EDUCATION AND THE LAW
• CENTRE STATE RELATIONS
• EDUCATION AND THE CONCURRENT LIST

• FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
• RIGHT TO EDUCATION

• DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES AND DUTIES

 Education: Centre & State: Art. 246
Union List (63-66) State Concurrent (25)

• BHU, DU, AMU • Agricultural • Subject to Union List

• INI • School
• Professional • Non-Technical
• Vocational • Technical
• Technical • Medical
• Police Training
• Crime Detection
• Standards, Research in
Higher Education
• Maritime (25) & Aviation
(29)
RIGHT TO EDUCATION
• Inserted through 86 C.A., 2002 as FR - Article 21 A
• Supported by Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education
Act, 2009
• In effect from, April 2010
• “FREE” and ”COMPULSORY “ education for 6 – 14 years
• Age appropriate class
• Reserving a minimum of 25 per cent of all entry-level seats in private,
unaided, non-minority and special category schools for children from
EWS and Disadvantaged Groups (DG)
 RTE – ANALYSIS
PROBLEM SOLUTION
COVERS ONLY 6-14 YEARS • DNEP: TO COVER 3-18 YEARS
• INCLUDE ECCE

NO DETENTION POLICY • RTE SECOND AMENDMENT BILL, 2017

NO FOCUS ON LEARNING • DEVELOPED IN FEB, 2017

OUTCOMES

EWS NOT IMPLEMENTED • NO STRICT PENALISING PROVISIONS

PROPERLY
DIRECTIVE PRINCPLES AND DUTIES
• DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES
• Art 45: 0-6 of education
• Art 46: minority education

• DUTIES
• Art. 51(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry
and reform;
• (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective
activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and
achievement.
 MHRD

School Edu & Higher

Literacy Education

Basic Elementary Regulatory Advancement

Universalization Institutions
 EDUCATION DATA
SDG GOALS INDIA’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS

2030: Free and qualitative primary and GER: Primary: 94%, Secondary: 79%
secondary education

2030: Remove disparities w.r.t gender Gender: Improvement in School

and vulnerable sections Education
STs: disparity between girls and boys
2030: 100% literacy 73%, Male = 81%, Female = 65%
 Sectoral
• Introduction: Impact Data/Recent Developments

1.Equity 2.Access 3.Excellence

• Gender • Caste • Beneficiary

• Location • Religion • Provider
• Affordability • Solution • Facilitator
• Solution • Solution

• Conclusion: Solution/Why is the sector important towards nation building

EDUCATION AND GENDER
• PROBLEM
• INCLUSION
• SEX EDUCATION

• SOLUTION
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
• Conditional Cash Transfers: Kanyashree – West Bengal
EDUCATION AND LOCATION
• PROBLEM
• RURAL V. URBAN
• INFRA

• SOLUTION
• DIGITAL INDIA
EDUCATION AND AFFORDABILITY
• PROBLEM
• OPPORTUNITY COST OF EDUCATION
• FEES – PUBLIC V. PRIVATE

• SOLUTION
• MID DAY MEAL
• STATE INTERVENTION ON CAPITATION – DELHI GOVERNMENT
EDUCATION AND RELIGION
• PROBLEM
• PROTECTED CURRICLUM
• LACK OF QUALITY

• SOLUTION
• COMBINATION OF STATE AND RELIGION (UP – NCERT)
EDUCATION AND CASTE
• PROBLEM
• CASTE DISCRIMINATION

• SOLUTION
• SACHCHAR COMMITTEE
 SCHOOL REFORMS
• Early Childhood Care and Education:

• Problems:

• curriculum that doesn’t meet the developmental needs of children,

• lack of qualified and trained teachers,
• substandard pedagogy.

• Suggestions:

• two-part curriculum for early childhood care and education.

• guidelines for up to three-year-old children (for parents and teachers)
• educational framework for three to eight-year-old children
• This would be implemented by improving and expanding the anganwadi system and co-locating
anganwadis with primary schools.
 CURRICULUM
• Problems:
• Does not address early learning and development needs of students
• Solely focuses on rote learning of facts and procedures
• Solutions:
• This would consist of a 5-3-3-4 design comprising:
• (i) five years of foundational stage (three years of pre-primary school and classes one and
two),
• (ii) three years of preparatory stage (classes three to five),
• (iii) three years of middle stage (classes six to eight), and
• (iv) four years of secondary stage (classes nine to 12)

• curriculum load in each subject should be reduced to its essential core content.
 School Exam Reforms
• Problems:
• (i) force students to concentrate only on a few subjects,
• (ii) do not test learning in a formative manner, and
• (iii) cause stress among students.
• Solutions:
• State Census Examinations in classes three, five and eight.
• Restructuring the board examinations to test only core concepts, skills and higher
order capacities.
• These board examinations will be on a range of subjects.
• The students can choose their subjects, and the semester when they want to take
these board exams.
• The in-school final examinations may be replaced by these board examinations.
 School Infrastructure -
• Problems:
• The Committee noted that establishing primary schools in every habitation across the country
has helped increase access to education. However, it has led to the development of very small
schools (having low number of students). The small size of schools makes it operationally
complex to deploy teachers and critical physical resources.
• Solutions
• Multiple public schools should be brought together to form a school complex. A complex will
consist of one secondary school (classes nine to twelve) and all the public schools in its
neighborhood that offer education from pre-primary till class eight.
• The school complexes will also include anganwadis, vocational education facilities, and an
adult education centre.
• Each school complex will be a semi-autonomous unit providing integrated education across all
stages from early childhood to secondary education.
• This will ensure that resources such as infrastructure and trained teachers can be efficiently
shared across a school complex.
 Teacher Management -
• Problems:
• steep rise in teacher shortage,
• lack of professionally qualified teachers, and
• deployment of teachers for non-educational purposes.
• Solutions:
• Teachers should be deployed with a particular-school complex for at least five to seven years.
• Teachers will not be allowed to participate in any non-teaching activities (such as cooking mid-
day meals or participating in vaccination campaigns) during school hours that could affect their
teaching capacities.
• The existing B.Ed. programme will be replaced by a four-year integrated B.Ed. programme that
combines high-quality content, pedagogy, and practical training.
• An integrated continuous professional development will also be developed for all subjects.
• Teachers will be required to complete a minimum of 50 hours of continuous professional
development training every year.
 Regulation of Schools:

• Problems:
• Overlapping policymaking, school operations, and academic
development.
• Solutions:
• Independent State School Regulatory Authority for each state that will
prescribe basic uniform standards for public and private schools.
• The Department of Education of the State will formulate policy and
conduct monitoring and supervision.
 Samagra Shiksha Abhiyaan
TITLE OBJECTIVES FINANCES ELIGIBLITY INSTITUTION/
COMMITTEE
FORMED/SPE
CIAL
REMARKS -
Samagra 1.Better quality of education •Centrally Sponsored Pre-nursery to •Announced
Shiksha 2.Decreasing Gender and Social Gaps Scheme XII this budget
Abhiyaan 3.Minimum standards of schooling •[100% Centrally •Uniform and
(Integrates - 4.Promotion of vocational education Sponsored for UT’s without Transport
•Sarva Shikha 5.Supporting States to better legislatures Support
Abhiyaan (SSA) implement RTE •90:10 for all 8 North •Support for
•Rashtriya 6.Upgrading State Education institutes Eastern States & 3 Teacher
Madhyamik to nodal agencies for teacher training Himalayan States (J&K, Salaries
Shiksha 7.Supporting Swachh Vidyalaya UK, HP)
Abhiyaan •60:40 for the rest]
(RMSA)
•Teacher Focus Areas - Teachers and
Education (TE) } Technology (T and T)
atishmathur.2017@gmail.com

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