The following are lists of extremes among the known exoplanets.

The properties listed here

are those for which values are known reliably.
Contents

• 1Extremes from Earth's viewpoint

• 2Planetary characteristics
• 3Orbital characteristics
• 4Stellar characteristics
• 5System characteristics
• 6See also
• 7Notes
• 8References
• 9External links

Extremes from Earth's viewpoint[edit]

Title Planet Star Data Notes

An analysis of the lightcurve

of the microlensing event PA-
99-N2 suggests the presence
of a planet orbiting a star in
the Andromeda Galaxy (2.54
± 0.11 Mly).[2] In late January
2018,[3] a team of scientists led
by Xinyu Dai claimed to have
discovered a collection of
about 2,000 rogue planets in
SWEEPS- the quasar microlens RX
Most distant SWEEPS 27,710 light J1131-1231, which is 3.8
11 / SWEEPS-
discovered J175902.67−291153.5 years.[1] billion light-years distant. The
04
bodies range in mass from
that of the Moon to several
Jupiter masses.[4][3]

The most distant potentially

habitable planet confirmed is
Kepler-443b, at 2,540 light-
years distant,[5] although the
unconfirmed planet KOI-
5889.01 is over 5,000 light-
years distant.

Also the closest rocky

Proxima 4.22 light exoplanet, and
Least distant Proxima Centauri
Centauri b years closest potentially habitable
exoplanet known. As Proxima
 Centauri is the closest star to
the Sun (and will stay so for
the next 25,000 years) this is
an absolute record.
Also first directly imaged
Most distant 1,200 light
CVSO 30 c CVSO 30 planet in system with a
directly visible years
transiting planet.
Least distant 25 light Also first directly imaged
Fomalhaut b Fomalhaut
directly visible years planet at optical wavelength.
The evidence of planets
around Vega with an apparent
Star with the
Apparent magnitude of 0.03 is strongly
brightest apparent
Pollux b Pollux[6] magnitude suggested by circumstellar
magnitudewith a
is 1.14 disks surrounding it. As of
planet
2018, no planets had yet been
confirmed.[7]
The upper mass limit (13
Jupiter masses) may make this
a brown dwarf. WD 0806-661
b has an angular separation of
Largest angular 130.2 arc seconds from WD
42 arc
distanceseparation GU Piscium b GU Piscium 0806-661. However, its
seconds[8]
from its host star planetary origin is also
unknown. Not counting either
of these, DT Virginis b would
be the widest-separated
definite exoplanet.

Planetary characteristics[edit]
Title Planet Star Data Notes

CD-33 CD-33 31 Jupiter It may be too massive to be a planet, and

Most massive
2722b 2722 masses[9] may be a brown dwarf instead.

WD
WD
Least massive 1145+017 0.00067 MEarth[10]
1145+017
b

The emitting area of the extremely

young HD 100546 b, including planet and
3.0 ± 0.5 Jupiter
Largest radius GQ Lupi b GQ Lupi disk, indicates that there is a large amount
radii
of heat left from formation. Over time, the
planet will shrink to approximately the size
of Jupiter. This candidate could be larger.
 The unconfirmed planet KIC 2437209 b has
a radius of 62.64 ± 19.61[11]Earth radius.

WD The unconfirmed planets PSR B1828-11

Smallest WD 0.15 Earth
1145+017 b and KOI 115.03 have a smaller radius
radius 1145+017 radii[12]
b 0.016[10] and 0.0258[13] Earth Radii.

(17.3 ± 2.9/cm-)
Most dense CoRoT-3 b CoRoT-3
26.4 cm−3[14]

The density of Kepler-453b has not been

Kepler-
Least dense Kepler-453 0–0.7 g/cm3[note 1] accurately measured, and it has a radius of
453b[15]
6.204 Re.

Hottest Kepler-70b Kepler-70 >7,000 K[17]

OGLE-
OGLE-
2005-
Coldest 2005- 50 K
BLG-
BLG-390L
390Lb

Kepler- 0.5–0.6
Highest albedo 10b[citation Kepler-10 (geometric
needed]
albedo)

GSC
Geometric Best-fit model for albedo gives 0.04%
Lowest albedo TrES-2b 03549-
albedo< 1%[18] (0.0004)[18]
02811

Proplyd Proplyd
Youngest 0.5 Myr[19][20]
133-353 133-353

Orbits in a circumbinary orbit around two

PSR
PSR stellar remnants – a pulsar and a white
Oldest B1620-26 13 Gyr
B1620-26 dwarf. Kapteyn b is the oldest potentially
b
habitable exoplanet at 11 Gyr.[21]

Orbital characteristics[edit]
 Title Planet Star Data Notes

TYC GU Piscium
Longest orbital period 2MASS J2126-
9486-927- ~1,000,000 years b previously held record
(Longest year) 8140
1 at 163,000 years.

K2-137b has the shortest

SWIFT
Shortest orbital period SWIFT J1756.9- orbit around a main-
J1756.9- 0.0339873 days[22]
(Shortest year) 2508 b sequence star (an M
2508
dwarf) at 4.31 hours.[23]

HD 20782 b has an
eccentricity of orbital eccentricity of
Most eccentric orbit VB 10 b[24] VB 10[24]
<0.98[25] 0.97,[26]previously held
record.

The upper mass limit (13

Jupiter masses) may
make this a brown
TYC
Largest orbit around a 2MASS J2126- dwarf. Next largest
9486-927- ~6,900 AU
single star 8140 are CVSO 30 c with
1
~660 AU and HD
106906 b[27][28] with ~650
AU

WD 1202-024 WD 1202-
Smallest orbit 0.0021 AU
B[29] 024

Smallest orbit around Kepler-

Kepler-47b ≃0.3 AU [30]
binary star 47AB

Smallest ratio of semi-

Kepler-
major axis of a planet Kepler-16b 3.14 ± 0.01 [31]
16AB
orbit to binary star orbit

Star system is also

Largest orbit around DT known as Ross 458 AB.
DT Virginis c 1,168 AU
binary star Virginis The planet was
eventually confirmed to
be below deuterium
 burning limit but its
formation origin is
unknown.

The second stellar

component of the
system, TW Piscis
Austrini, has a semi-
Largest orbit around a
major axis of 57,000 AU
single star in a multiple Fomalhaut b Fomalhaut 115 AU
from Fomalhaut and the
star system
third stellar component,
LP 876-10 orbits
158,000 AU away from
Fomalhaut.

Largest distance
FW Tauri AB b orbits at
between binary stars FW Tau
FW Tauri AB b ≈11 AU a distance of 150-300
with a circumbinary AB
AU.[32]
planet

OGLE- ~12–17 AU
Closest orbit between OGLE-2013-BLG-
OGLE-2013- 2013- (10 or 14 AU
stars with a planet 0341L b's semi-major
BLG-0341LBb BLG- projected
orbiting one of the stars axis is 0.7 AU.[33]
0341LB distance)[33]

During closest approach,

Smallest semi-major Kepler- Kepler-70c would
0.0016 AU (about
axis difference between 70b and Kepler- Kepler-70 appear 5 times the size
240,000 km)
consecutive planets 70c[17] of the Moon in Kepler-
70b's sky.

Kepler-36b and c have

Smallest semi-major Kepler-
axis ratio between 36b and Kepler- Kepler-36
consecutive planets 36c
semi-major axes of
0.1153 AU and 0.1283
11%
AU respectively, c is
11% further from star
than b .

Largest semi-major axis PTFO 8-8695 Currently c is at (least)

~662 AU (about
difference between / CVSO 30 b CVSO 30 127 times the separation
99,000,000,000 km)
consecutive planets and CVSO 30 c of Sun-Jupiter from b or
22 times Sun-Neptune
 (outer solar system
planet)

PTFO 8-8695 b / CVSO

30 b and CVSO 30 c
Largest semi-major axis PTFO 8-8695 b have semi-major axes of
ratio between / CVSO 30b CVSO 30 7,900,000% 0.0084 AU and 662 AU
consecutive planets and CVSO 30 c respectively. c is 78,998
times further from the
star than b.

Stellar characteristics[edit]
Title Planet Star Data Notes

HD 126614
Highest metallicity HD 126614 Ab +0.56 dex Located in a triple star system.
A

BD+20°2457 may be the lowest

metallicity planet host
([Fe/H]=−1.00), however the
proposed planetary system is
dynamically unstable. [1] After
Kapteyn's Star, the next lowest-
Kapteyn's
Lowest metallicity Kapteyn b −0.99±0.04 dex metallicity system is Kepler-271,
Star
at -0.951 dex. Planets were
announced around even the
extremely low metallicity
stars HIP 13044 and HIP 11952,
however these claims have since
been disproven. [2]

Margin of error means the

star NGC 4349-127 with a stellar
Highest stellar mass HD 13189 b[34] HD 13189[34] 4.5±2.5 M☉[34] mass of 3.9 M☉ is potentially the
most massive known planet-
harboring star.[35]

The system 2MASS J1119-1137

Lowest stellar mass 2MASS J1119- 2MASS AB is a pair of binary rogue
0.0033 M☉
(main sequence) 1137 J1119–1137 planets approximately 3.7 Jupiter
masses each.[36]
 The least massive main sequence
star with known planets
is TRAPPIST-1, at 0.089 M☉.

Lowest stellar mass

VHS 1256- VHS 1256-
(main sequence 0.07 M☉
1257 b 1257
star)
Lowest stellar mass 2M J044144 2M
0.02 M☉[37]
(brown dwarf) b[37] J044144[37]
Largest stellar 299 or 320-
R Leonis b R Leonis Star is a Mira variable.
radius 350 R☉[38][39]
Smallest stellar
radius (main VB 10 b VB 10 0.102 R☉[40]
sequence star)
Smallest stellar
2M 0746+20 0.089 (± Planet's mass is very uncertain at
radius (brown 2M 0746+20
b[41] 0.003) R☉ 30.0 (± 25.0) Mjup.
dwarf)
Smallest stellar PSR J1719- PSR J1719-
0.04 R☉
radius (pulsar) 1438 b[42] 1438
HD 13.4 billion
Oldest star HD 164922 b
164922[43] years[43]
This star is a subdwarf B star and
has a red dwarf companion of
0.14 solar masses with a semi-
major axis of slightly under 4
Hottest star with a NY million kilometers from the
NY Virginis b 33,247 K
planet Virginis[44] primary component. The NN
Serpentis system has two
exoplanets (NN Serpentis c and
NN Serpentis d), with the star at
~57,000K.
HIP 78530 has a surface
Hottest main- temperature of 10,500K, but it is
sequence star with Fomalhaut b Fomalhaut[45] 8,590 K uncertain whether the orbiting
a planet companion is a brown dwarf or
planet.
Technically Oph 162225-
TRAPPIST- 240515, CFBDSIR
Coldest star with a TRAPPIST-
1b, c, d, e, f, g, 2,511 K J145829+101343, and WISE
planet 1
and h. 1217+1626are colder, but are
classified as brown dwarfs.

System characteristics[edit]
Title System(s) Planet(s) Star(s) Notes
 The planets are HD 10180 b, c, d e,
HD f, g and h, with 2 unconfirmed
System with most 10180, Kepler- planets in the HD 10180 system,
9 (8) 1
(confirmed) planets 90, Solar and more data is needed to confirm
System their existence.[46][47] Kepler-90 has
eight confirmed planets.[48]

Three planets in this system

System with most
TRAPPIST-1 7 1 (e, f and g) orbit within
planets in habitable zone
the habitable zone.[49]

PH1b(Kepler
System with most stars Kepler 64 4 PH1 has a circumbinary orbit.
64b)

Kepler-42 b, c, and d have a

semimajor axis of only 0.0116,
Multiplanetary system
0.006, and 0.0154 AU, respectively.
with smallest mean Kepler 42 b, c, d 1
Kepler-70 b, c, and d (unconfirmed)
semi-major axis (planets Kepler 70 b, c, d? 1
have a semimajor axis of only
are nearest to their star)
0.006, 0.0076, and ~0.0065 AU,
respectively.

Multiplanetary system
HR 8799 b, c, d, and e have a
with largest mean semi-
HR 8799 b, c, d, e 1 semimajor axis of 68, 38, 24, and
major axis (planets are
14.5 AU, respectively.
farthest from their star)

Multiplanetary system
Kepler-70 b, c, and d (unconfirmed)
with smallest range of
have a semimajor axis of only
semi-major axis
0.006, 0.0076, and ~0.0065 AU,
(smallest difference Kepler-70 b, c, d? 1
respectively. The separation
between the star's nearest
between closest and furthest is only
planet and its farthest
0.0016 AU.
planet)

Multiplanetary system
HR 8799 b, c, d, and e have a
with largest range of
semimajor axis of 68, 38, 24, and
semi-major axis (largest
HR 8799 b, c, d, e 1 14.5 AU, respectively. The
difference between the
separation between closest and
star's nearest planet and
furthest is 53.5 AU.
its farthest planet)
Multiplanetary system
with smallest mean
difference in semi-major
axis between
neighboring planets
(orbits are most closely
spaced to each other)

Multiplanetary system
with largest mean semi-
major axis between
neighboring planets
(orbits are most spread
out with respect to each
other)

Kepler-70 b, c, and d (unconfirmed)

System with smallest
Kepler-70 b, c, d? 1 have masses of 0.440, 0.655, and
total planetary mass
~0.222 Earth masses, respectively.

Kepler-52 b and c have masses of

System with largest total 8.7 and 10.41 Jupiter Masses,
Kepler-52? b, c, d 1
planetary mass respectively. The mass of Kepler-52
d is not known.

System with smallest

ratio of total planetary
mass to stellar mass

System with largest ratio

of total planetary mass to
stellar mass

Multiplanetary system
with smallest mean
planetary mass

Multiplanetary system
with smallest ratio of
mean planetary mass to
stellar mass
Multiplanetary system
with largest mean
planetary mass

Multiplanetary system
with largest ratio of
mean planetary mass to
stellar mass

Multiplanetary system
with smallest range in
planetary mass (smallest
difference between the
most and least massive
planets)

Multiplanetary system
with largest range in
planetary mass (largest
difference between the
most and least massive
planets)

See also[edit]
• Extremes on Earth
• List of lists of exoplanets
• List of stars with proplyds
• Methods of detecting exoplanets
• Terrestrial exoplanets

Notes[edit]
1. ^ NASA does not give a direct density value, however both mass and radius values are given. Using the PHL
density Calculator mass value of 0–30 Me and 6.204 Re were used and gave a result of 0–0.7 g/cm which may or
may not be lower than Kepler-51d's density depending on the radius of Kepler-52d and the mass of Kepler-
453b. The volume of Kepler-51d may be an order of magnitude smaller, or somewhat larger, than that of Jupiter,
with possible densities between 10 and about 500 grams per liter.[16]

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