Menoufia University Subject: Sanitary Engineering

Faculty of Engineering, Shebin El-Kom Code: CVE413

Civil Engineering Department Year: 2016-2017
4th Year Civil ‫جام عة الم نوف ية‬ Time Allowed : 3.0 hours
Date of Exam: 21/ 01 / 2017 Total Marks : 90 marks
Answer all the following questions Assume any missing data

1- a) Discuss the factor affecting the type and location of water intake for treatment plants.
15 Marks
b) Design and draw the intake works (conduit – sump – pump) of a water treatment plant
servicing a town of existing population 100 000 capita with rate of increasing of 1.7%.

2- a) Explain the purposes of storage in the water supply systems.

15 Marks
b) Design and draw the ground water reservoirs in a water treatment plant has design flow of
150 000 m3/day.

3- a) Explain with sketches types and functions of valves and special fitting in water networks.
b) Two pipelines A & B connected in parallel [A:  700 mm & L= 1500 m; B:  400 mm & 15 Marks
L=2000m]; find an equivalent pipe for the system and estimate the losses in the system for
a flow 450 liter/sec..

4-a) Discuss using sketches types of sewerage collection systems.

b) A sewer carries 500 l/s at max. flow, running ⅔ full and 100 l/s at min. flow. Find the 10 Marks
diameter and slope for this sewer?

5-a) Draw a flow line in primary sewage treatment plant, showing purpose of each unit.
b) A city of population 200,000 capita, and average water consumption of 200 lit/cap/day. 15 Marks
Design the grit chamber units if the losses in water consumption equal 20 %.
c) Draw cross-sectional elevation and plan for one of the designed units.

6-a) Draw in full details oxygen sag curve in streams.

b) Compare between standard and high rate trickling filters
c) Design both High Rate Trickling Filters and Final Sedimentation tanks required for a sewage 20 Marks
treatment plant having the following data:
- Flow capacity of the plant = 60,000 m3/day, - BOD of raw sewage = 450 mg/l,
- Allowable organic loading (L) on filter media = 1000 kg BOD/1000 m3/day,
- Recirculation ratio R = 2
d) Draw a cross sectional elevation and a plan for one of the designed H.R.T.F. units.

With our best wishes .

This exam measures the following ILOs

Question Number 1-a 1-b 2-a 3-a 6-a,b 2-b 3-b 4-a,b 5- a 5- b,c 3-b 4-c 5-a 6-c,d 6-d
a.4.1 a.5.1 a.4.2 a.12.1 a.13.2 b.14.2 b.14.1 b.14.4 b.10.2 b.14.3 c4-1 c8-1 c.10.1 c.1.1 c.10.1
Skills
Knowledge &Understanding Skills Intellectual Skills Professional Skills
 1000

100
S (cm/100m)

10
Hazen-Williams Formula
C = 100

Q (l/sec)
1
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
 MODEL ANSWER

1- a) Discuss the factor affecting the type and location of water intake for treatment plants.
The factors affecting Choosing type of intake are:
i. Type of water Stream.
ii. Width and depth of water stream
iii. Existing water Pollution near the shore.
iv. Location with regard to the city.

b) Design and draw the intake works (conduit – sump – pump) of a water treatment plant
servicing a town of existing population 100 000 capita with rate of increasing of 1.7%.

2- a) Explain the purposes of storage in the water supply systems.

Purpose of ground reservoirs (clear water tanks):
1- Storage for disinfection (usually 0.5 : 1 hrs),
2- Storage for emergency (usually 4 : 10 hrs),
3- Storage for difference between max daily and max monthly consumption,
4- Storage for fire demand (80% of fire demand).
Purpose of using Elevated tanks:
1- For quantity (discharge):
i. Cover fluctuation in water consumption through a day,
ii. Cover difference between max hourly consumption and max daily production,
iii. Cover 20 % of fire demand.
2- For pressure:
i. Fix head on H.L.P so they work at max efficiency,
ii. Enhance water pressure in network,
iii. Protect network against water hammer.
 b) Design and draw the ground water reservoirs in a water treatment plant has design flow
of 150 000 m3/day.

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
150,000
𝐶1 = 𝑄𝑚.𝑚 𝑥 (0.5 ∶ 1) = 𝑥 1 = 6250 𝑚3
24
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒:
150,000
𝐶2 = 𝑄𝑚.𝑚 𝑥 (4 ∶ 10) = 𝑥 6 = 37,500 𝑚3
24
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓. 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒:
𝐶3 = 𝑄𝑚.𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 − 𝑄𝑚.𝑚 = 192,857 − 150,000 = 42,857 𝑚3
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑊. 𝐶 = 200 𝑙. 𝑐. 𝑑
𝑄𝑚.𝑚. = 1.4 𝑥 𝑃𝑜𝑝. 𝑥 𝑊. 𝐶.
150.000 = 1.4 𝑥 𝑝𝑜𝑝 𝑥 0.20 𝑠𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑝 = 536000 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎

𝑝𝑜𝑝. 536,000
𝑄𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒 = 𝑥 120 = 𝑥 120 = 6432 𝑚3
10,000 10,000
𝐶4 = 0.8 𝑥 𝑄𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒 = 5145 𝑚 3
𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑠 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑜𝑓(𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 ) + 𝐶4
= 42857 + 5145 = 48,000 𝑚3
48000
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑑 = 5 𝑚 → 𝑆. 𝐴 = = 9600 𝑚2
5
𝑢𝑠𝑒 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏 𝑥 𝑙 = 50 𝑥 48 (𝑆. 𝐴 = 9600 𝑚2 )

3- a) Explain with sketches types and functions of valves and special fitting in water networks.
b) Two pipelines A & B connected in parallel [A:  700 mm & L= 1500 m; B:  400 mm & L=2000m]; find
an equivalent pipe for the system and estimate the losses in the system for a flow 450 liter/sec..
4-a) Discuss using sketches types of sewerage collection systems.
1- Combined system:
- This system is used to collect wastewater and Rain water.
- This system is used when rain water quantity is small or streets aren’t wide.

2- Separate system:
- In this system, one system is used to collect wastewater, and another is used to
collect rain water.
- This system is used when rain water quantities are large or when rain water can
be used.
- This system is more cost able than combined system.

b) A sewer carries 500 l/s at max. flow, running ⅔ full and 100 l/s at min. flow. Find the
diameter and slope for this sewer?

1 − 𝐺𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑑 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 0.67 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑡 1 → = .60 = 1.4
𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐷 𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙
500
∴ 𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = = 750 𝑙/𝑠𝑒𝑐
0.67
𝑄𝑚𝑖𝑛 100 𝑑 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛
= = .13 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑡 1 = .25 & = .7
𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 750 𝐷 𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = .6 𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 → 𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = .86 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
2 − 𝐺𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛. 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 750 𝑙/𝑠𝑒𝑐 & 𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = .85 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑡 2 𝜑 = 40 𝑖𝑛 (1000 𝑚𝑚) &
1
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1.0 %0 =
1000
5-a) Draw a flow line in primary sewage treatment plant, showing purpose of each unit.

b) A city of population 200,000 capita, and average water consumption of 200 lit/cap/day.
Design the grit chamber units if the losses in water consumption equal 20 %.
c) Draw cross-sectional elevation and plan for one of the designed units.

𝑚3
𝑆. 𝐹. = 0.80 𝑥 200.000 𝑥 0.20 = 32.000
𝑑
18 + √𝑃 18 + 14.1
𝑃. 𝐹. = = = 1.78
4 + √𝑃 4 + 14.1
𝑄𝑑 = 1.78 𝑥 32.000 = 56960 𝑚3/𝑑 = 39.5 𝑚3/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐷. 𝑇 = 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐶 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝐷. 𝑇 = 39.5 𝑥 1 = 39.5 𝑚3
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑆. 𝐿. 𝑅 = 1500 𝑚3 /𝑚2 /𝑑
𝑄𝑑 56960
𝑆. 𝐿. 𝑅 = → 1500 = → 𝑆. 𝐴 = 38 𝑚2
𝑆.𝐴 𝑆.𝐴
𝐶 39.5
∴𝑑= = = 1.04 𝑚
𝑆.𝐴 38
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑣ℎ𝑧 = .3 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑙 𝑚
𝑣ℎ𝑧 = → 𝑙 = 𝑣ℎ𝑧 ( ) 𝑥 𝐷. 𝑇(𝑠𝑒𝑐 ) = 0.3 𝑥 (1 𝑥 60) = 18 𝑚
𝐷.𝑇 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑆. 𝐴 = 𝑛. 𝑏. 𝑙 = 38 𝑚2
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑛=2
𝑛. 𝑏. 𝑙 = 2 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 18 = 38 → 𝑏 = 1.05 𝑚
6-a) Draw in full details oxygen sag curve in streams.
b) Compare between standard and high rate trickling filters

Character S.R.T.F H.R.T.F

Hydraulic load (m3/m2/d) 1:3 10 : 30

Organic Load (gm/m3 70 : 200 400 : 2000

media/d)
Depth (m) 2:3 0.9 : 1.5

Recirculation none R= 0.75 : 4.5

Power requirements none 2:10 HP / 1000 m3

Operation simple Need some skill

Dosing ‫جرعات التزويد‬ Intermittent ‫متقطع‬ continuous

Flies ‫الحشرات‬ many few

 c) Design both High Rate Trickling Filters and Final Sedimentation tanks required for a sewage treatment plant
having the following data:
- Flow capacity of the plant = 60,000 m3/day, - BOD of raw sewage = 450 mg/l,
- Allowable organic loading (L) on filter media = 1000 kg BOD/1000 m3/day,
- Recirculation ratio R = 2
d) Draw a cross sectional elevation and a plan for one of the designed H.R.T.F. units.

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 30 %

∴ 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = (100 − 30) % 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑅𝑎𝑤 = 0.7 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑅𝑎𝑤
= .7𝑥 450 = 315 𝑝𝑝𝑚
1+𝑅
𝐹= = 2.08
(1 + 0.1𝑅)2
100
𝐶𝐸 = = 76.40
𝐿
1 + 0.0085 √2.75
𝐹

𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑅𝑎𝑤 − 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑥 100
𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑅𝑎𝑤
450 − 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
76.4 = 𝑥 100 → 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 106 𝑔𝑚/𝑚3 /𝑑
450

𝑇. 𝑂. 𝐿 = 𝑄𝑑 . 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑟. + 𝑅. 𝑄𝑑 . 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

= 60,000 𝑥 315 + 2.08 𝑥 60,000 𝑥 106 = 31.62 𝑥 106 𝑔𝑚/𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑇.𝑂.𝐿 31620𝑥 10 6
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = = = 31620 𝑚3
𝐿 1000
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑 = 1.5 𝑚 → 𝑆. 𝐴 = 21080 𝑚2
𝜋
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝜑 = 35 𝑚 → 𝑛. . 𝜑2 = 21080 → 𝑛 = 22
4
𝑛 = 22 → 𝜑 = 35 𝑚
𝑄𝑑 +𝑄𝑅 (1+2) 𝑥 60,000
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = = 𝜋 = 20.7 < 30 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
𝑆.𝐴 22. .33.42
4