SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP

National Book Store

History

The history of National Book Store can be traced back to the 1930s.[1]. However, the company
has been formally established in 1942. Before the Japanese occupation of the Philippines
during World War II, José Ramos and Socorro Cáncio-Ramos, rented a small-corner space of a
Haberdashery situated at the foot of Escolta Bridge in Santa Cruz, Manila. With a starting
capital of ₱211 (equivalent to ₱15,047 in 2015), the Ramoses set up their first retail bookstore
selling GI novels, text books and supplies. During World War II, the store shifted to selling sold
candies, soap, and slippers due to stringent book censorship. The store experienced success
but was burned down during the 1945 Battle of Manila, rebuilt again and reverted to selling
textbooks and stationery, the opening of the rebuilt National Book Store at the corner of Soler
Street and Avenida Rizal, coincided with the first academic schoolyear after the war. In 1948,
the store was destroyed by a Typhoon Gene but a new two storey building with a mezzanine
was built to host National Book Store.[3][4]

National Book Store began selling greeting cards in the 1950s depicting Philippine subjects to
showcase local culture and traditions. The book store also launched a publishing program with
international publishers such as McGraw-Hill, Prentice Hal, Lippincott, Addison-Wesley. In 1955,
the Ramoses were able to acquire a lot owned by the Guerrero family, where they erected the
nine-storeyAlbercer Building in 1963 which was named after Alfredo, Benjamin, and Cecilia,
where a National Book Store was hosted.[4]

National Book Store accumulated enough capital after some several years to acquire rights to
reprint foreign brand greeting cards for the Philippine market. The book store had rights to
reprint cards by Gibson for a few years. In 1973, outbid a more established competitor for a
Philippine franchise of the greeting card brand, Hallmark.[3]

Expansion and recent history

National Book Store in SM Aura Premier, BGC

The Ramoses children proposed expanding the scope of National Book Store, and a branch
along Recto Avenue was opened, an area often frequented by students. In the 1970s, branches
were opened in shopping malls in Makati and Cubao, Quezon City.[4] For the next decades
since the opening of the Recto branch, the book store grew with shopping mall owners
approaching the Ramoses to set up a store inside their properties. National Book Store became
one of the top 100 Philippine corporations in 1988, registering profits of $1 million on gross
revenues of $34.7 million. The book store chain also became one of the Top 500 of the list by
Retail Asia-Pacific, ranking 308th in 2004.[3]

In 2015, National Book Store captures the majority of the Philippine book market having a share
amounting to 80 percent, and operates around 127 branches across the Philippines. It also
operates Metrobooks, which opened in Hong Kong in 2007, a subsidiary based in the former
British crown colony.[3]

With the pending entry of National Book Store into the Philippine Stock Exchange through the
renaming of Vulcan Industrial & Mining Corp., another Ramos-owned company, into National
Book Store Retail Corp. they would now also venture into wholesale, publishing, printing,
manufacturing, and distribution.[5]

It entered the education industry in 2017 with the launch of NBS College, its first institution for
higher learning at the National Book Store building on Quezon Avenue.[6] By 2018, it now has
over 230 branches nationwide.

National Bookstore’s Background

National Book Store, Inc. (abbreviated as NBS) is a retail company based in Mandaluyong,
Metro Manila, Philippines.[2] It operates a bookstore and office-supplies store chain of the same
name.
 Datu Puti

History

DatuPuti is one of the brands owned by NutriAsia, a leading producer of sauces and condiments
in the Philippines. Aside from DatuPuti, NutriAsia also owns Silver Swan, Mang Tomas, UFC,
and Papa.

The brand name “DatuPuti” is not based on any historical datu. The company’s owner used his
mother’s maiden surname, Datu, and combined it with the word puti, the Tagalog word for white,
in reference to the white vinegar the company was selling. Thus, the branding of DatuPuti was
born. The company used the silhouette of an ancient datu, effectively creating a persona around
the brand people could relate to. Filipinos are familiar with the idea of datus, after all.

According to legend, there was a DatuPuti, allegedly one of 10 datus from Borneo who settled in
Iloilo in the 13th century, about 200 years prior to the arrival of Magellan in the Philippines.

But further digging into Philippine history unearthed an interesting twist. The legend of DatuPuti
is based on a historically unreliable document, the Maragtas. In his doctoral dissertation at the
University of Santo Tomas, renowned Philippine historian William Henry Scott revealed the
Maragtas document is not an actual piece of archaeological evidence from the 13th century, but
a book by Pedro AlcantaraMoteclaro published in the 1900s that contained unconfirmed claims
about Philippine history.

Maragtas makes for great fiction, but sadly, it does not help answer questions such as who was
DatuPuti: There may have been no actual DatuPuti who lived in the Philippines. The author of
Maragtas admitted his book was just based on an old piece of manuscript from an old man. Its
publisher has also declared its contents should not be considered as fact.

Background

DatuPuti is a condiment brand owned by NutriAsia, Inc. (formerly known as Southeast Asia
Food, Inc.). DatuPuti was first introduced as a vinegar product in 1975 by Hernan Reyes.
Eventually, soy sauce and fish sauce under the DatuPuti brand were introduced in the 1990s.

Product type: Vinegar; Soy sauce; Fish sauce; ...

Owner: NutriAsia
Country: Philippines

DatuPuti is a condiment brand owned by NutriAsia, Inc. (formerly known as Southeast Asia
Food, Inc.). DatuPuti was first introduced as a vinegar product in 1975 by Hernan Reyes.
Eventually, soy sauce and fish sauce under the DatuPuti brand were introduced in the 1990s.[1]
An oyster sauce product was also introduced.
 PARTNERSHIP

Sony

Sony’s History

Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo

Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita, founders of Sony.

Sony began in the wake of World War II. In 1946, Masaru Ibuka started an electronics shop in a
department store building in Tokyo. The company started with a capital of ¥190,000[18] and a
total of eight employees.[19] On 7 May 1946, Ibuka was joined by Akio Morita to establish a

company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (東京通信工業 Tōkyō TsūshinKōgyō) (Tokyo

Telecommunications Engineering Corporation).[20] The company built Japan's first tape

recorder, called the Type-G.[20][21] In 1958, the company changed its name to "Sony".[22]

Name

When Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo was looking for a romanized name to use to market themselves,
they strongly considered using their initials, TTK. The primary reason they did not is that the
railway company Tokyo Kyuko was known as TTK.[20] The company occasionally used the
acronym "Totsuko" in Japan, but during his visit to the United States, Morita discovered that
Americans had trouble pronouncing that name. Another early name that was tried out for a while
was "Tokyo Teletech" until Akio Morita discovered that there was an American company already
using Teletech as a brand name.[23]

The name "Sony" was chosen for the brand as a mix of two words: one was the Latin word
"sonus", which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other was "sonny", a common slang term
used in 1950s America to call a young boy.[8] In 1950s Japan, "sonny boys" was a loan word in
Japanese, which connoted smart and presentable young men, which Sony founders Akio Morita
and Masaru Ibukaconsidered themselves to be.[8]

The first Sony-branded product, the TR-55 transistor radio, appeared in 1955 but the company
name did not change to Sony until January 1958.[24]

At the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman
letters to spell its name instead of writing it in kanji. The move was not without opposition: TTK's
principal bank at the time, Mitsui, had strong feelings about the name. They pushed for a name
such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. Akio Morita was firm, however, as he did
not want the company name tied to any particular industry. Eventually, both Ibuka and Mitsui
Bank's chairman gave their approval.[20]
Globalization

Sony TR-730 transistor radio made in Japan circa 1960

According to Schiffer, Sony's TR-63 radio "cracked open the U.S. market and launched the new
industry of consumer microelectronics." By the mid-1950s, American teens had begun buying
portable transistor radios in huge numbers, helping to propel the fledgling industry from an
estimated 100,000 units in 1955 to 5 million units by the end of 1968.[citation needed]

Sony co-founder Akio Morita founded Sony Corporation of America in 1960.[19] In the process,
he was struck by the mobility of employees between American companies, which was unheard
of in Japan at that time.[19] When he returned to Japan, he encouraged experienced, middle-
aged employees of other companies to reevaluate their careers and consider joining Sony.[19]
The company filled many positions in this manner, and inspired other Japanese companies to
do the same.[19] Moreover, Sony played a major role in the development of Japan as a
powerful exporter during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.[25] It also helped to significantly improve
American perceptions of "made in Japan" products.[26] Known for its production quality, Sony
was able to charge above-market prices for its consumer electronics and resisted lowering
prices.

In 1971, Masaru Ibuka handed the position of president over to his co-founder Akio Morita. Sony
began a life insurance company in 1979, one of its many peripheral businesses. Amid a global
recession in the early 1980s, electronics sales dropped and the company was forced to cut
prices.[26] Sony's profits fell sharply. "It's over for Sony," one analyst concluded. "The
company's best days are behind it."[26] Around that time, Norio Ohga took up the role of
president. He encouraged the development of the Compact Disc in the 1970s and 1980s, and of
the PlayStation in the early 1990s. Ohga went on to purchase CBS Records in 1988 and
Columbia Pictures in 1989, greatly expanding Sony's media presence. Ohga would succeed
Morita as chief executive officer in 1989.[27][citation needed] Under the vision of co-founder
Akio Morita[28] and his successors, the company had aggressively expanded into new
businesses.[25] Part of its motivation for doing so was the pursuit of "convergence," linking film,
music and digital electronics via the Internet.[25] This expansion proved unrewarding and
unprofitable,[25] threatening Sony's ability to charge a premium on its products[28] as well as its
brand name.[28] In 2005, Howard Stringer replaced Nobuyuki Idei as chief executive officer,
marking the first time that a foreigner had run a major Japanese electronics firm. Stringer helped
to reinvigorate the company's struggling media businesses, encouraging blockbusters such as
Spider-Man while cutting 9,000 jobs.[25] He hoped to sell off peripheral business and focus the
company again on electronics.[28] Furthermore, he aimed to increase cooperation between
business units,[28] which he described as "silos" operating in isolation from one another.[29] In
a bid to provide a unified brand for its global operations, Sony introduced a slogan known as
"make.believe" in 2009.[27][citation needed]

Sony Store in Markville Shopping Centre, Canada

Despite some successes, the company faced continued struggles in the mid- to late-2000s.[25]
In 2012, Kazuo Hirai was promoted to president and CEO, replacing Stringer. Shortly thereafter,
Hirai outlined his company-wide initiative, named "One Sony" to revive Sony from years of
financial losses and bureaucratic management structure, which proved difficult for former CEO
Stringer to accomplish, partly due to differences in business culture and native languages
between Stringer and some of Sony's Japanese divisions and subsidiaries. Hirai outlined three
major areas of focus for Sony's electronics business, which include imaging technology, gaming
and mobile technology, as well as a focus on reducing the major losses from the television
business.[30]

Sony Store in Nagoya, Japan

In February 2014, Sony announced the sale of its Vaio PC division to a new corporation owned
by investment fund Japan Industrial Partners and spinning its TV division into its own
corporation as to make it more nimble to turn the unit around from past losses totaling $7.8
billion over a decade.[31] Later that month, they announced that they would be closing 20
stores.[32] In April, the company announced that they would be selling 9.5 million shares in
Square Enix (roughly 8.2 percent of the game company's total shares) in a deal worth
approximately $48 million.[33] In May 2014 the company announced it was forming two joint
ventures with Shanghai Oriental Pearl Group to manufacture and market Sony's PlayStation
games consoles and associated software in China.[34]

It was reported in December 2016 by multiple news outlets that Sony was considering
restructuring its U.S. operations by merging its TV & film business, Sony Pictures
Entertainment, with its gaming business, Sony Interactive Entertainment. According to the
reports, such a restructuring would have placed Sony Pictures under Sony Interactive's CEO,
Andrew House, though House wouldn't have taken over day-to-day operations of the film
studio.[35][36][37] According to one report, Sony was set to make a final decision on the
possibility of the merger of the TV, film, & gaming businesses by the end of its fiscal year in
March of the following year (2017).

Sony’s Background

Sony Corporation (ソニー株式会社Sonī Kabushiki Kaisha, /ˈsoʊni/ SOH-nee, stylized as SONY) is

a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan, Minato,

Tokyo.[5][1] Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics, gaming,
entertainment and financial services.[6] The company owns the largest music entertainment
business in the world,[7] the largest video game console business and one of the largest video
game publishing businesses, and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for
the consumer and professional markets, and a leading player in the film and television
entertainment industry.[8][better source needed] Sony was ranked 97th on the 2018 Fortune
Global 500 list.[9]

Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group

(ソニー・グループSonīGurūpu), which is engaged in business through its four operating

components: electronics (AV, IT & communication products, semiconductors, video games,

network services and medical business), motion pictures (movies and TV shows), music (record
labels and music publishing) and financial services (banking and insurance).[10][11][12] These
make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. The group
consists of Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures, Sony Mobile, Sony Interactive Entertainment,
Sony Music Group, Sony Financial Holdings, and others.

Sony is among the semiconductor sales leaders[13] and since 2015, the fifth-largest television
manufacturer in the world after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, TCL and Hisense.

The company's current slogan is Be Moved. Their former slogans were The One and Only
(1979–1982), It's a Sony (1982–2005), like.no.other (2005–2009)[15] and make.believe (2009–
2013).

Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) corporate group, the
successor to the Mitsui group.
 Charlotte Russe ( Clothing Retailer )

Charlotte Russe’s History

Charlotte Russe was founded in 1975 by Daniel Lawrence and his two brothers, all who worked
in their family's Brooklyn, New York clothing business. Lawrence and his siblings formed
Lawrence Merchandising Corp. in Carlsbad, California. With the first Charlotte Russe storefront
in San Diego, California, other locations were established throughout the 1970s and early
1980s.

The company was acquired in 1996 by the investment firm of SKM (Saunders Karp &Megrue).
The new owners had expansion plans for Charlotte Russe - evolving it into a national chain of
shopping mall stores. SKM took Charlotte Russe public in 1999 until Advent International
acquired it in 2009. As President and CEO, Jenny Ming led Charlotte Russe into a private
holding once again.[8][9]

On February 4, 2019, Charlotte Russe filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and planned to close 94
of its stores, citing a "dramatic decrease in sales and in-store traffic".[10]

On March 7, 2019, Charlotte Russe announced that will close all of its stores over the next two
months. Liquidator SB360 Capital Partners won the auction in bankruptcy court for Charlotte
Russe's $160 million worth of inventory, and other assets. Executives were approved an
amount of $559,000 in bonuses in order to stay on-board during the shutdown.[11] After the
company announced it was closing its stores, the brand was sold to Toronto-based YM Inc.,
according a press release.

In April, the company, under new ownership by YM Inc., has announced on its website that it
will reopen 100 retail locations. As of June 13, 5 stores have reopened in 5 different states. The
company plans to re-open 100 locations including stores in Nevada, Florida, South Carolina,
Georgia, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New York, Texas, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and Illinois with
more locations coming soon.

Charlotte Russe’s Background

Charlotte Russe was an American clothing retail chain store that operated in the United States,
headquartered in San Francisco, California. Fashions in the stores are targeted at women in
their teens and twenties. The company owns and operates stores in 45 states. As of June 2014,
Charlotte Russe operates 560 stores, mostly in malls and shopping centers. It filed for Chapter
11 bankruptcy on February 4, 2019. It was announced on March 7, 2019 that it would be closing
all of its remaining stores and would be attempting to sell the brand’s intellectual property. In
April 2019 the company under new ownership has announced on its website that it will reopen
100 retail locations. After the company announced it was closing its stores, the brand was sold
to Toronto-based YM Inc., according a press release.
 CORPORATIONS

Ayala Corporation

Ayala Corporation’s History

The company began in 1834 with the formation of a distillery owned by Casa Róxas, a
partnership between Domingo Róxas and Antonio de Ayala.[2] The distillery was the maker of
Ginebra San Miguel and was later acquired by La Tondeña, Inc. in 1929.

In the late 19th century, Ayala participated in the construction of the Puente de Ayala (Ayala
Bridge) over the Pasig River in Manila. Built of wood in 1872, the bridge was reconstructed in
steel in 1908 and became the first steel bridge in the Philippines. In 1888, Ayala introduced the
first tramcar service in the Philippines. Ayala was responsible for the development of Makati as
the financial district of Manila and the Philippines after World War II.

In April 2010, FinanceAsia named Ayala Corporation as the best-managed company in the
Philippines, as well as best for corporate governance and best for corporate social
responsibility.[3]

In 2011, Ayala began building its renewable energy portfolio, beginning with a joint venture with
Mitsubishi for solar power, the purchase of the iconic Northwind farm for wind power, and its
joint venture with Sta. Clara Power for run-of-the-river hydro power. Ayala will contribute 1000
MW to the Philippine power supply, by 2015.[4] In 2015, FinanceAsia awarded Ayala
Corporation as the Best Managed Company in the Philippines in the 15th annual survey of top
public companies in Asia.

Ayala Corporation’s Background

Ayala Corporation (Spanish: Corporación Ayala, formerly Ayala y Compañía) is the publicly
listed holding company for the diversified interests of the Ayala Group. Founded in the
Philippines by Domingo Róxas and Antonio de Ayala during the Spanish colonial rule, it is the
country's oldest and largest conglomerate. The company has a portfolio of diverse business
interests, including investments in retail, education, real estate, banking, telecommunications,
water infrastructure, renewable energy, electronics, information technology, automotive,
healthcare, and management and business process outsourcing. As of November 2015, it is the
country's largest corporation in terms of assets ($48.7B).
 Nestlé

History

1866–1900: Founding and early years

Henri Nestlé, a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main
creators of condensed milk.

Nestlé's origins date back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that
would later form the core of Nestlé. In the succeeding decades, the two competing enterprises
aggressively expanded their businesses throughout Europe and the United States.

In 1866, Charles Page (US consul to Switzerland) and George Page, brothers from Lee County,
Illinois, USA, established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham, Switzerland.
Their first British operation was opened at Chippenham, Wiltshire, in 1873.

In 1867, in Vevey, Henri Nestlé developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it.
The following year saw Daniel Peter begin seven years of work perfecting his invention, the milk
chocolate manufacturing process. Nestlé was the crucial co-operation that Peter needed to
solve the problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate and thus
preventing the product from developing mildew. Henri Nestlé retired in 1875 but the company,
under new ownership, retained his name as SociétéFarineLactée Henri Nestlé.

In 1877, Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to their products; in the following year, the
Nestlé Company added condensed milk to their portfolio, which made the firms direct and fierce
rivals.

In 1879, Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.

1901–1989: Mergers

Aleppo Nestle building Tilalstreet 1920s.

Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1.
November 1918

In 1904, François-Louis Cailler, Charles Amédée Kohler, Daniel Peter, and Henri Nestlé
participated in the creation and development of Swiss chocolate, marketing the first chocolate –
milk Nestlé.

In 1905, the companies merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk
Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a
result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits Maggi SA (founded 1884) and its holding
company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. Maggi was a major manufacturer of soup
mixes and related foodstuffs. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early
1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom,
Germany, and Spain. The First World War created demand for dairy products in the form of
government contracts, and, by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.

A 1915 advertisement for "Nestlés Food", an early infant formula

In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in Oregon from the company
Geibisch and Joplin for $250,000. One was in Bandon, while the other was in Milwaukie. They
expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the
Bandon plant.

The logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966[18]

Nestlé felt the effects of the Second World War immediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million
in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939. Factories were established in developing countries, particularly
in Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest
product, Nescafé ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Nestlé's
production and sales rose in the wartime economy.

After the war, government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk.
However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt.
The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture
becoming the company's second most important activity. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when
succeeded by Édouard Muller till his death in 1948.

The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated
and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with Maggi, a manufacturer of
seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libby's
(1971), and Stouffer's (1973). Diversification came under Chairman & CEO Pierre Liotard-Vogt
with a shareholding in L'Oreal in 1974 and the acquisition of Alcon Laboratories Inc. in 1977 for
280 million dollars.

In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch a new round of
acquisitions. Carnation was acquired for $3 billion in 1984 and brought the evaporated milk
brand, as well as Coffee-Mate and Friskies to Nestlé. In 1986 Nestlé Nespresso S.A. was
founded. The confectionery company Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired in 1988 for $4.5
billion, which brought brands such as Kit Kat, Smarties, and Aero.

1990–2011: Growth internationally

The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and
world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996, there have
been various acquisitions, including San Pellegrino (1997), D'Onofrio (1997), Spillers Petfoods
(1998), and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in
2002 – in June, Nestlé merged its US ice cream business into Dreyer's, and in August, a
US$2.6 billion acquisition was announced of Chef America, the creator of Hot Pockets. In the
same time-frame, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the
iconic American company Hershey's, one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal
eventually fell through.

In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million. In
January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream
maker, with a 17.5% market share.[21] In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year
before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US$2.5
billion, also acquiring, the milk-flavoring product known as Ovaltine, the "Boost" and "Resource"
lines of nutritional supplements, andOptifast dieting products.

The Brazilian president, Lula da Silva, inaugurates a factory in Feira de Santana (Bahia), in
February 2007

In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer Gerber for
US$5.5 billion.[23][24][25] In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a
Belgian chocolate maker, Pierre Marcolini.

Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in Alcon to Novartis on 4 January 2010. The sale was
to form part of a broader US$39.3 billion offer, by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world's
largest eye-care company.[27] On 1 March 2010, Nestlé concluded the purchase of Kraft
Foods's North American frozen pizza business for US$3.7 billion.

Since 2010, Nestle has been working to transform itself into a nutrition, health and wellness
company in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding
government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of
Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop "a new industry
between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventative and corrective
health properties that would replace pharmaceutical drugs from pill bottles. The Health Science
branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to
combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.

In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about
US$1.7 billion.[29] On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire Pfizer Inc.'s infant-nutrition,
formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US$11.9 billion, topping a joint bid from Danone and Mead
Johnson.

2012–present: Recent developments

In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions. It acquired Vitaflo, which
makes clinical nutritional products for people with genetic disorders; CM&D Pharma Ltd., a
company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like
kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for
gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New
Zealand-based company that develops kiwifruit-based solutions for gastrointestinal conditions
as of 2012.

Another recent purchase included the Jenny Craig weight-loss program, for US$600 million.
Nestlé sold the Jenny Craig business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[34] In February
2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-
methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.[35] In February 2014, Nestlé
sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[36] Later, in November 2014,
Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.

In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres
worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That
year, Nestlé spent about $350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of
the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development
(SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and
later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership
with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as Intel
and Bank of America.

Nestlé announced in January 2017 that it was relocating its US headquarters from Glendale,
California, to Rosslyn, Virginia outside of Washington, DC.

In March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in Kit Kat, Yorkie and
Aero chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.[40] In July followed a similar announcement concerning
the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.

The company announced a $20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication
of a letter written by Third Point Management founder Daniel S. Loeb, Nestlé's fourth-largest
stakeholder with a $3.5 billion stake,[42] explaining how the firm should change its business
structure.[43] Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee
and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.

In September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of Blue Bottle.[44] While the deal's
financial details were not disclosed, the Financial Times reported "Nestle is understood to be
paying up to $500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle".[45] Blue Bottle expects to increase
sales by 70% this year.

In September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of
plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.

In January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it is selling its US confectionary business to Ferrero,
an Italian chocolate and candy maker.[48] The company was sold for a total of an estimated
$2.8 billion.

In May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and Starbucks struck a $7.15 billion distribution deal,
which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate
the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the
overseas markets for both companies.

Nestle set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy
brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, share
price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018
letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestle wrote that it was
"delivering results" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its
global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third
Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations
calling for change, accusing Nestle of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to
be. Activist investors called for Nestle to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional
structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses
that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider
with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.

In October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a
strategic partnership with SAP &EnterpriseAlumni, to engage with their over 1 million Alumni
globally.

In September 2018, Nestlé announced to sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion.

Background

Our history begins in 1866, with the foundation of the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company.
Henri Nestlé develops a breakthrough infant food in 1867, and in 1905 the company he founded
merges with Anglo-Swiss, to form what is now known as the Nestlé Group.

Founders: Henri Nestlé

Industry: Food industry

Subsidiary: Alcon, Dreyer's, Jenny Craig, Inc., ...

 MAJOR FORMS OF
OWNERSHIP

Submitted to: Mrs. Cherry Capangpangan

Submitted by: Blessel Dinopol

GRADE 12 VENUS