Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Antihypertensive agents
Dr.Jibachha Sah
M.V.Sc (Pharmacology)
College of Veterinary Science, NPI,
Bhojard, Chitwan
Vasodilators
Vasodilators are medications that open (dilate) blood vessels. They affect the
muscles in the walls of arteries and veins, preventing the muscles from tightening
and the walls from narrowing.
As a result, blood flows more easily through vessels. Heart doesn't have to pump as
hard, reducing blood pressure.
Classification of Vasodilators
1. Organic nitrates:
2. Arterial Vasodilators:
(i) Hydralazine
(ii) Minoxidil
(iii) Diazoxide
These drugs are mainly used to treat or prevent angina pectoris and acute as well
as chronic congestive heart failure (CHF).
(i) Hydralazine
They produce reflex sympathomimetic action resulting in increased cardiac output, heart
rate and renin secretion.
It is used in moderate to severe hypertension, acute and chronic CHF.
(ii) Minoxidil
(iii) Diazoxide
It is one of the two important antihypertensive drugs (another is Sod. nitroprusside) used
for hypertensive emergencies. For this purpose, it is given, through i.v. route only.
3. Arterial and venous vasodilators
Sodium Nitroprusside:
They are selective α1 adrenoceptor blockers and dilate both the arteries and veins,
resulting in decreased peripheral vascular registance and blood pressure.
Uses for vasodilators
● Heart failure
● High blood pressure that affects the arteries in lungs (pulmonary hypertension)
Side effects and cautions
Direct vasodilators are strong medications that generally are used only when other
medications haven't controlled blood pressure adequately.
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood
pressure).
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood
pressure).
Antihypertensive Drugs
Classes and subclasses of antihypertensive medications with common examples
Class Examples
Targeting renin–angiotensin system
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Captopril, lisinopril, ramipril
inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor antagonists Candesartan, losartan, valsartan
Direct renin antagonists Aliskiren
Adrenoceptor antagonists
β-Blockers Atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol
Doxazosin, labetalol (also a β-
α-Blockers blocker), phentolamine,
phenoxybenzamine
Calcium channel blockers
Phenylalkamines Verapamil
Dihydropyridines Amlodipine, nifedipine, nimodipine
Benzothiazepines Diltiazem
Vasodilators Hydralazine, minoxidil
Centrally acting agents Clonidine, methyldopa
Ganglion block Trimetaphan
(i) Diuretics
Drugs that increase urine flow are called diuretics. Diuretics play an important role in
the management of high blood pressure. They are often used in combination with
other classes of antihypertensive drugs. These drugs are ion transport inhibitors in
the kidney,
Potassium-Sparing
Thiazide Diuretics Loop Diuretics
Diuretics
indapamide
hydroflumethiazide
Mechanism of action