STD 9th Perfect Science and Technology Notes English Medium MH Board PDF

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Written as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook
Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
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STD. IX
Science and Technology
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Salient Features O
• Written as per the new textbook.
• Exhaustive coverage of entire syllabus.
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• Ample numericals for thorough revision.
• Memory maps provided for revision at a glance.
• Chapter-wise assessment with every chapter for knowledge testing.
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JSNR_51705327_Target Pub_Std IX Science and Technology (English Medium)_Text.pdf 1 4/10/2018 3:17:48 PM

PREFACE
While designing the book, our main intention was to create a book that would act as a single point of
reference for students. We wanted this book to provide students, the much needed answers for their
textual questions as well as build up their knowledge quotient in the process.
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Science and Technology: Std. IX has been prepared as per the new syllabus and paper pattern
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We have infused the book with a liberal sprinkling of real life examples, pictorial explanations and
additional questions. Questions titled under 'Use your brain power', 'Can you tell' and a series of 'In-
text Questions', pave the way for a robust concept building.
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Answers, Give Reasons, Numericals, Diagram-based questions, paragraph based questions and a
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Questions that explain certain concepts to students in a point wise manner through the medium of an
activity.
Wherever possible questions are allotted with marks in accordance with new marking scheme. The
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Contents
No. Topic Name Page No.
1. Laws of Motion 1
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2. Work and Energy 29
3. Current Electricity 51
4. Measurement of Matter 70
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5. Acids, Bases and Salts 96
6. Classification of Plants 121
7. Energy Flow in an Ecosystem 133
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8. Useful and Harmful Microbes 147
9. Environmental Management 160
10. Information Communication Technology (ICT) 175
11. Reflection of Light 185
12. Study of Sound 207
13. Carbon : An Important Element 224
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14. Substances in Common Use 242
15. Life Processes in Living Organisms 264
16. Heredity and Variation 285
17. Introduction to Biotechnology O 303
18. Observing Space : Telescopes 322
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Note: Textual exercise questions are represented by * mark.
Textual solved examples are represented by + mark.
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13
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Carbon: An Important Element
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Fill in the blanks Answer:
Allotropy is the phenomenon in which an
*1. Select the proper option and complete the element exists in different physical forms
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statements: [1 Mark each] having different physical properties but similar
(single, all, double, ionic, carbon, give and take, chemical properties. Carbon occurs in several
hydrogen, multiple, share, most, covalent) allotropic forms. Diamond, graphite and
fullerenes are crystalline allotropes of carbon.
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i. A carbon atom forms a _______ bond with
In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to
other atoms. In this bond, the two atoms
four neighbouring atoms by covalent bonds
_______ electrons.
forming a tetragonal three-dimensional
ii. All the carbon bonds in a saturated structure. In graphite, each carbon atom is
hydrocarbon _______ electrons. bonded to three neighbouring atoms by
iii. At least one carbon bond in an unsaturated covalent bonds forming a hexagonal layered
structure. Fullerene molecules are found in
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hydrocarbon is _______.
the form of buckyballs and buckytubes.
iv. _______ is the essential element in all the
organic compounds. Choose the correct alternative [1 Mark each]
v. The element hydrogen is present in _______
of the organic compounds.
Answers:
i. covalent, share ii. share
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_______.
(A) graphite with glass
iii. multiple iv. Carbon (B) graphite with clay
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v. most (C) diamond with clay
2. Fill in the blanks: [1 Mark each] (D) coal with coke
i. Graphite can be used for writing on paper 2. The first example of fullerene is _______.
because of its _______ structure. (A) C60 (B) C70
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ii. _______ form of coal contains less than 60% (C) C82 (D) C86
of carbon.
3. When a mixture of hydrogen and carbon
iii. Methane is obtained from natural gas by ______. monoxide gases are heated at 300C in the
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Answers: presence of _______ catalyst, methane gas is

i. layered ii. Peat produced.
iii. fractional distillation (A) iron (B) copper
3. Select the appropriate options and complete (C) coke (D) nickel
the following paragraph. [3 Marks]
(amorphous, crystalline, three, four, six, Answers:
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D)
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diamond, graphite, fullerene)

Allotropy is the phenomenon in which an MCQs based on practicals / activities
element exists in different physical forms
having different physical properties but similar 1. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water,
chemical properties. Carbon occurs in several _______ is formed.
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allotropic forms. Diamond, graphite and (A) hydrogen (B) carbonic acid
fullerenes are _______ allotropes of carbon. In (C) acetic acid (D) oxygen
_______, each carbon atom is bonded to
_______ neighbouring atoms by covalent 2. When limestone was treated with dilute HCl, a
bonds forming a tetragonal three-dimensional gas was produced. Which of the following is
structure. In _______, each carbon atom is correct regarding the gas?
bonded to _______ neighbouring atoms by (A) It is brown in colour.
covalent bonds forming a hexagonal layered (B) It is basic in nature.
structure. _______ molecules are found in the (C) It is odourless.
form of buckyballs and buckytubes. (D) It supports combustion.
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Target Pub_Std IX Science and Technology (English Medium)_Text.pdf 228 2/12/2018 7:36:46 PM
Chapter 13: Carbon: An Important Element
3. On adding universal indicator solution to a gas
Match the following [½ Mark each]
jar filled with CO2, the colour of the solution
changes to _______.
1. Match the hydrocarbons given in Group
(A) blue (B) green ‘A’ with their respective chemical formulae
(C) violet (D) yellow given in Group ‘B’.
Answers:
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
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i. Ethane a. CH  CH
Right or Wrong. ii. Propene b. CH3  CH2 – CH3
If wrong, write the correct sentence iii. Ethyne c. CH3 – CH3
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[1 Mark each] iv. Propane d. CH3 – CH = CH2
1. Fullerenes are insoluble in organic solvents. Answer:

(i – c), (ii – d), (iii – a), (iv – b)
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2. The purest form of coal is called charcoal.
Answer the following
3. Carbon dioxide is used for the preparation of
washing soda. 1. Can you recall? (Textbook page no. 138)
Answers: i. What is an element? What are the different
1. Wrong types of elements? [2 Marks]
Fullerenes are soluble in organic solvents. Ans: Substance whose molecules are made up of one
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2. Wrong or more identical atoms is called an element.
The purest form of coal is called anthracite. Elements are generally classified into three
3. Right O groups:
a. Metals:
Odd one out [1 Mark each] E.g.: gold, silver, copper, tin, etc.
b. Non-metals:
1. Graphite, Coke, Buckyball, Diamond E.g.: carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, etc.
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c. Metalloids:
2. Ethane, Propane, Ethene, Methane E.g.: Silicon, germanium, etc.
3. Charcoal, Anthracite, Lignite, Peat ii. What remains behind on complete
Answers: combustion of any organic compound?
1. Coke [1 Mark]
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Ans: a. Any organic compound on complete

Coke is an amorphous form of carbon while
combustion produces carbon dioxide
others are crystalline forms of carbon.
(CO2) and water (H2O).
2. Ethene b. However, in limited supply of air,
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Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon while organic compounds undergo incomplete

others are saturated hydrocarbons. combustion and a black substance
3. Charcoal (carbon black) remains behind.
Charcoal is not a type of coal while others are
different types of coal. iii. What type of element is carbon? Give some
information about it. [3 Marks]
Ans: Carbon is a non-metallic element.
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Complete the analogy [1 Mark each]

a. Carbon is found in nature in free state as
diamond and graphite.
1. Bituminous coal : 70-90% carbon :: _______ : b. It is also found in the combined state in
95% carbon. the form of compounds such as:
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2. Coal : Amorphous form of carbon :: Fullerene petroleum, natural gas, carbon dioxide,
etc.
: _______.
c. Its chemical symbol is C.
Answers: d. Its atomic number is 6 and atomic mass
1. Anthracite is 12 u.
Bituminous coal contains 70-90% carbon and e. Electron configuration is (2, 4).
anthracite contains 95% carbon. f. Its valency is 4.
2. Crystalline form of carbon g. It exhibits allotropy.
Coal is an amorphous form of carbon and h. It forms the basis of organic compounds
fullerene is a crystalline form of carbon. (hydrocarbons).
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Std. IX: Science and Technology
2. Can you tell? (Textbook page no. 138) ii. Such a pattern is repeated in the entire
What is a compound? How are compounds crystal structure resulting in a giant
formed? [2 Marks] molecule.
Ans: i. A compound is the substance that is iii. Therefore, diamond has a tetragonal
composed of two or more different three-dimensional structure, which
elements. makes it very hard.
E.g.: sugar, water, ammonia, carbon
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dioxide, etc.
ii. Compounds are formed by the chemical
combination of two or more different Carbon
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chemical elements in such a way that
the atoms of the different elements are
held together by chemical bonds that are
difficult to break.
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E.g.: Pure water is a compound made
from two elements-hydrogen and
oxygen.
*3. In which compound forms does carbon Structure of carbon atoms in diamond
occur? [2 Marks] 7. Give the properties of diamond. [2 Marks]
Ans: Carbon occurs in the combined state in the
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Ans: Properties of diamond:
following compounds:
i. Pure diamond is the hardest known
i. As carbon dioxide and in the form of
natural substance.
carbonates such as calcium carbonate,
marble, calamine (ZnCO3), etc.
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ii. Fossil fuels – coal, petroleum, natural gas. brilliance, which gives it a shiny, freshly
polished look.
iii. Carbonaceous nutrients – carbohydrates,
proteins, fats. iii. Its melting point is 3500 C.
iv. Its density is 3.5 g/cm3.
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iv. Natural fibres – cotton, wool, silk.
v. It is a bad conductor of electricity as it
*4. Explain: Petrol, diesel, coal are fossil fuels. does not have free electrons.
[2 Marks] vi. It does not dissolve in any solvent and is
Ans: i. Fossil fuels are formed from plants, resistant to acids and bases.
animals and other creatures that died vii. When diamond is heated at 800 C in
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millions of years ago and got buried the presence of oxygen, only CO2 is
under the earth. formed.
ii. Their remains gradually changed over
the years due to heat and pressure in the
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8. Discuss the structure of graphite. [3 Marks]

earth’s crust forming coal, oil (petrol, Ans: Structure of graphite:
diesel) and natural gas. i. In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded
iii. These substances release energy when to three other neighbouring carbon
burnt and are used as fuels. atoms by covalent bonds so that a
Hence, petrol, diesel, coal are fossil fuels. hexagonal layered structure is formed.
ii. Each graphite crystal is made up of
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5. What is allotropy? [2 Marks]

Ans: Elements occurring in more than one form many sheets or layers of carbon atoms.
wherein the chemical properties of these iii. One layer of graphite is called graphene.
different forms are the same but their physical iv. These layers slip over each other on
properties are different is called allotropy. applying pressure making graphite very
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E.g.: Carbon exists in crystalline forms like soft and slippery.

diamond, graphite, etc. and in amorphous Carbon
forms like coal, coke, etc.
6. Explain the structure of diamond in brief.
[3 Marks]
Ans: Structure of diamond:
i. In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded
to four other neighbouring carbon atoms
by covalent bonds. Structure of carbon atoms in graphite
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9. Give the properties of graphite. [2 Marks] ii. In diamond, each carbon atom is
Ans: Properties of graphite: covalently bonded to four other
i. Graphite found in nature is black, soft, neighbouring carbon atoms to form a
brittle and slippery. tetragonal three dimensional structure.
Thus, diamond has a regular and
ii. Inside each layer of graphite, free
definite arrangement of atoms.
electrons move continuously within the
iii. In graphite, each carbon atom is
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entire layer. Hence, graphite is a good
covalently bonded to three other
conductor of electricity.
neighbouring carbon atoms to form a
iii. Due to its layered structure, graphite can hexagonal layered structure. Thus,
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be used for writing on paper. graphite has a regular and definite
iv. Graphite does not dissolve in most of arrangement of atoms.
the solvents. iv. Fullerene molecules are found in the
v. It has density of 1.9 to 2.3 g/cm3. form of buckyballs (spherical) and
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buckytubes (cylindrical). A molecule of
*10. How will you prove experimentally that fullerene consists of 30 to 900 carbon
graphite is good conductor of electricity? atoms. Thus, fullerenes have a regular
[5 Marks] and definite arrangement of atoms.
Ans: i. Aim: To prove that graphite conducts Hence, diamond, graphite and fullerenes are
electricity. crystalline forms of carbon.
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ii. Apparatus: Lead pencil, battery/cell, *12. Classify carbon. [2 Marks]
small bulb, electrical wires. Ans: i. Carbon is classified into two types:
iii. Procedure: a. Crystalline forms and
a. Sharpen a lead pencil from both its O b. Non-crystalline/amorphous forms.
ends. ii. The crystalline forms of carbon are
b. Now, connect both the sharpened ends further classified into three types:
using electrical wires, one end to a a. Diamond
cell/battery and the other end to a small b. Graphite
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bulb which in turn is connected to the c. Fullerenes
other end of the cell/battery. iii. The amorphous forms of carbon are
c. Start the electric current in the circuit further classified into following types:
and observe. a. Coal: It is of four types.
iv. Diagram: They are peat, lignite, bituminous
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coal and anthracite.

b. Charcoal
Pencil c. Coke
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*13. What are the different types of coal? What

Bulb
are their uses? [5 Marks]
Cell Ans: The different types of coal are:
Peat, lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite.
i. Peat:
Flow of electric current a. Peat formation is the first step in
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through graphite the formation of coal.

b. It is a brown material consisting of
v. Observation: The electric bulb in the partly decomposed organic matter.
circuit glows. c. It contains a high proportion of
vi. Inference: This experiment shows that water and less than 60% of carbon.
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graphite (present in pencil lead) is a Uses: Dry form of peat can be used as fuel.
good conductor of electricity. ii. Lignite:
a. Lignite formation is the second
*11. Explain: Diamond, graphite and fullerenes step in the formation of coal.
are crystalline forms of carbon. [3 Marks] b. It is also referred to as brown coal.
Ans: i. Crystalline forms of a substance have c. It is formed from peat due to
a regular and definite arrangement of increased pressure and
atoms. They have a definite temperature inside the earth.
geometrical shape, sharp edges and d. It has a carbon content of around
plane surfaces. 60-70%.
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Uses: iii. Physical properties of fullerenes:
a. Lignite is used exclusively as a a. It is a crystalline allotrope of
fuel for steam-electric power carbon which is found in the form
generation. of buckyballs and buckytubes.
b. It can also be used as an b. Fullerenes are soluble in organic
alternative to chemical pesticides. solvents such as carbon
iii. Bituminous coal: disulphide, chlorobenzene, etc.
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a. Bituminous coal is formed in the c. At a particular temperature,
third step in the formation of coal. fullerenes act as superconductor.
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b. It is a relatively soft coal 17. What is coke? [1 Mark]
containing tar-like substances Ans: The non-crystalline form of carbon that
called bitumen and is often remains when coal gas is removed from coal is
referred to as black coal. called coke.
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c. It is usually formed as a result of
*18. Explain: Uses of various allotropes of
high pressure being exerted on
carbon. [5 Marks]
lignite.
Ans: Uses of various allotropes of carbon such as
d. It has a carbon content of around diamond, graphite, fullerenes, coal and coke
70-90%. are as follows:
e. It is of higher quality than lignite. i. Uses of diamond:
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Uses: a. Diamonds are used in glass
a. It is used as a fuel to produce cutting and rock drilling
steam that runs train locomotives. machines.
b. It was previously used as a O b. Diamonds are used as a precious
domestic fuel. stone in jewellery.
iv. Anthracite: c. Diamond knives are used in the
a. It is a hard, compact variety of eye surgery.
coal and is known as the pure d. Diamond dust is used for
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form of coal. polishing other diamonds.
b. It contains about 95% of carbon. e. Diamond is used to make windows
Uses: It is used in metal smelting and giving protection from radiation in
fabrication industries. space and in artificial satellites.
ii. Uses of graphite:
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14. What is the difference between lignite and a. Graphite is used for making
anthracite based on the percentage of lubricants.
carbon? [1 Mark] b. It is used for making carbon
Ans: Lignite contains 60-70% of carbon while electrodes.
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anthracite contains about 95% of carbon. c. It is used in pencils for writing.

d. It is used in paints and polish.
15. Write a short note on charcoal. [2 Marks]
e. It is used in arc lamps, which give
Ans: i. Charcoal is formed by the combustion a very bright light.
of wood, bones, horns, etc., in an
iii. Uses of fullerenes:
insufficient supply of air.
a. Fullerenes are used as insulators.
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ii. It is a light weight, black, amorphous b. Fullerenes are used as a catalyst

form of carbon. in water purification.
iii. It is highly porous and brittle material. c. At a particular temperature, fullerene
iv. It is a bad conductor of heat and exhibits superconductivity.
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electricity. iv. Uses of coal:

*16. Write two physical properties each of: a. Coal is used as fuel in factories
and homes.
i. Diamond
b. It is used to obtain coke, coal gas
ii. Charcoal and coal tar.
iii. Fullerene [3 Marks] c. It is used in thermal power plants
Ans: i. Physical properties of diamond: for generation of electricity.
Refer Answer the following: Q.7. i. to v. v. Uses of coke:
ii. Physical properties of charcoal: a. Coke is used as domestic fuel.
Refer Answer the following: Q.15. ii. to iv. b. It is used as a reducing agent.
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c. It is used in the production of water 25. Use your brain power! (Textbook page no. 143)
gas (CO + H2) and producer gas Does an electric charge form on atoms
(CO + H2 + CO2 + N2). when a covalent bond is formed between
them? Why is a single bond between two
*19. Write the uses of diamond. [2 Marks]
carbon atoms strong and stable?
Ans: Refer Answer the following: Q.18.i.
[2 Marks]
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*20. Why are carbon and its compounds used as Ans: i. No, there is no electric charge on atoms
fuels? [2 Marks] when a covalent bond is formed in
Ans: i. Most of the carbon compounds give a between them.
lot of heat and light when burnt in air.
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ii. A carbon-carbon single bond is a
ii. Saturated hydrocarbons undergo complete covalent bond formed by mutual sharing
combustion to form CO2 and H2O and no of two electrons, one from each of the
smoke is produced. two atoms. As the electron pair is shared
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Hence, carbon and its compounds are used as amongst the two atoms, the
fuels. carbon-carbon single bond is strong and
stable.
21. What are covalent compounds? Enlist their
properties. [2 Marks]
*26. Explain the properties of carbon.
Ans: Covalent compounds:
[2 Marks]
Covalent compounds are formed when two or
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more atoms bond by sharing the valence Ans: Properties of carbon:
electrons. i. Carbon is a soft, grey or black
E.g.: Methane (CH4) non-metal.
Properties of covalent compounds: ii. Carbon is found in air as carbon dioxide
i. Covalent compounds have low melting
points and boiling points.
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and marsh gas.
ii. Generally, they are insoluble in water iii. Elemental carbon is an inert substance,
and soluble in organic solvents.
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insoluble in water, acids, bases and
iii. They are poor conductors of heat and organic solvents.
electricity. iv. It forms covalent bonds with other
carbon atoms or with atoms of other
22. Draw the structural formula of methane.
elements.
[1 Mark]
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Ans: Structural formula of methane: v. Carbon exists in nature in more than one
form i.e. it exhibits allotropy.
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For example: The crystalline forms of
carbon are diamond, graphite and
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H C H
fullerene.
H The non-crystalline forms of carbon are
coal, coke, charcoal, etc.
23. Define saturated hydrocarbons. [2 Marks]
Ans: The hydrocarbons, which have only single vi. On ignition, carbon reacts with oxygen
bonds between carbon atoms, are called in the air to form carbon dioxide (CO2).
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saturated hydrocarbons.
27. Discuss in brief the occurrence of carbon
E.g.: Ethane (CH3  CH3), dioxide. [2 Marks]
Propane (CH3  CH2  CH3), etc.
Ans: Occurrence of carbon dioxide:
24. What are unsaturated hydrocarbons? i. Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs in air in
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[2 Marks] the free state at a concentration of about

Ans: The hydrocarbons having at least one multiple 0.03% by volume.
bond (can be a double or a triple bond) ii. Exhaled air contains about 4% of CO2.
between carbon atoms are called unsaturated iii. CO2 is the principal gas produced by the
hydrocarbons. combustion of wood, other organic
E.g.: materials, fossil fuels such as coal,
Ethene (CH2 = CH2), Ethyne (CH  CH), petroleum, natural gas, etc.
Propene (CH3  CH = CH2), iv. CO2 is present as a salt in chalk and
Propyne (CH3  C  CH) Shahabad tiles/marble/limestone.
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*28. How will you verify the properties of iv. Solid CO2 is used in cold storage to
carbon dioxide? [5 Marks] keep milk, milk products and other
Ans: The properties of carbon dioxide can be frozen substances cool during transport.
verified by carrying out the reaction between v. Liquified CO2 is used to remove
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and hydrochloric caffeine from coffee.
acid (HCl). vi. It is also used for getting special effects
The chemical equation for the reaction is as of a mist in dramas and movies.
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follows:
31. Explain the working of a regular CO2 based
CaCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + H2O + CO2  fire extinguisher. [5 Marks]
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Calcium Hydrochloric Calcium Water Carbon
carbonate acid chloride dioxide
Ans: The working of a regular CO2 based fire
extinguisher can be explained as follows:
CO2 obtained in the above reaction is tested i. A fire extinguisher contains sodium
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for different properties: bicarbonate powder.
i. Colour: It is found to be colourless. ii. There is also dilute sulphuric acid
ii. Odour: It is found to be odourless. placed in a glass capsule.
iii. On pouring some limewater into a jar iii. When the capsule breaks on pressing the
containing CO2, it turns milky white, knob, the sulphuric acid comes in
which indicates the formation of contact with the sodium bicarbonate and
insoluble calcium carbonate precipitate. the two react chemically to release CO2
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which comes out.
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g)  CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
iv. The chemical reaction can be shown as,
Limewater Carbon Calcium Water
dioxide carbonate O 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2
Sodium Dilute Sodium Water Carbon
iv. On placing a burning candle in a jar bicarbonate sulphuric sulphate dioxide
containing CO2, the flame extinguishes. acid
This indicates that CO2 neither burns
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nor supports combustion. v. Fires need oxygen, fuel and heat to
v. On testing with universal indicator ignite and removing any one of those
solution, yellow or orange colour is three components can put out a fire.
obtained. This shows that CO2 is a weak vi. Carbon dioxide (CO2) based fire
acid with pH in the range of 3-6. extinguishers prove effective because
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vi. On pouring some amount of water into a CO2 molecules are heavier than oxygen
jar containing CO2, carbonic acid molecules and thus, they push out
(H2CO3) is formed due to its solubility oxygen surrounding the fire,
in water. extinguishing the blaze.
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vii. On dropping a moist blue and red litmus vii. In addition, CO2 based fire
paper into a jar containing CO2, the blue extinguishers do not cause corrosion
litmus paper turns red while the red and are non-conductors of electricity.
litmus paper remains as it is. This shows viii. Therefore, these are generally used
that CO2 is acidic in nature. when electrical and electronic
equipment catches fire.
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29. Use your brain power! (Textbook page no. 145)

Is the density of CO2 more or less than that
of air? [1 Mark] The knob
Ans: CO2 is denser than air. Density of CO2 is
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1.97 g/cm3, which is about 1.67 times more Capsule

than that of air.
*30. Explain: Practical uses of CO2. [2 Marks] Sulphuric

acid
Ans: Practical uses of CO2 are:
i. CO2 is used to make aerated drinks. Powder of
ii. CO2 under pressure, is used in fire sodium
extinguishers. bicarbonate
iii. Liquefied CO2 is used as a solvent for Internal structure of a fire extinguisher
dry cleaning.
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*32. Explain: Use of CO2 in fire extinguisher. 36. State the uses of methane. [2 Marks]
[2 Marks] Ans: Uses of methane:
Ans: i. CO2 does not support combustion and it i. Methane in the form of natural gas is
is non-poisonous. used in industries such as fabric mills,
ii. CO2 molecules are heavier than oxygen paper mills, food processing industry,
molecules and thus, they push out petrol purification, etc.
oxygen surrounding the fire,
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ii. Being the smallest hydrocarbon, the
extinguishing the blaze.
proportion of CO2 released in the
iii. In addition, CO2 does not cause
combustion of methane is small and,
corrosion and is a non-conductor of
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therefore, it is used as a domestic
electricity.
fuel.
iv. Therefore, CO2 based fire extinguishers
are generally used when electrical and iii. Methane is used for the production of
many organic compounds such as
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electronic equipment catches fire.
ethanol, methyl chloride, methylene
33. Write a short note on the occurrence of chloride and acetylene.
methane. [2 Marks] iv. Methane is used for electricity
Ans: Occurrence of methane: generation by burning it as a fuel in a
i. Methane is the major component of gas turbine or steam generator.
natural gas, about 87% by volume.
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ii. Decomposition of organic matter in the 37. What is biogas? [2 Marks]
absence of air (anaerobic condition) Ans: Biogas:
produces methane. Hence, it is produced
i. Biogas typically refers to a mixture of
in a biogas production plant. O different gases produced by the
iii. It is found in coal mines. breakdown of organic matter in the
iv. Methane is found at the surface of absence of oxygen (anaerobic
marshy places and hence it is also called condition).
as marsh gas.
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ii. Organic matter includes agricultural
v. On heating a mixture of hydrogen and
waste, animal dung, dry leaves, wet
carbon monoxide gases at 300 C in the garbage, manure, food waste, etc. which
presence of nickel (catalyst), methane get decomposed by anaerobic microbes
gas is formed. in a biogas plant.
vi. Fractional distillation of natural gas
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gives methane in its pure form. iii. Biogas primarily contains methane
(CH4) (about 55-60%) and carbon
*34. Explain: Methane is called marsh gas. dioxide (CO2) and small amounts of
[2 Marks] hydrogen sulphide (H2S), moisture,
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Ans: i. Methane is produced when vegetation etc.

decomposes naturally in marshes and iv. The gases methane, hydrogen and
swamps by anaerobic digestion. carbon monoxide (CO) can react with
ii. As methane is found at the surface of oxygen, which releases large amount of
such marshy places, it is also called as energy. This allows biogas to be used as
marsh gas. a fuel.
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35. State the physical properties of methane. 38. Give the uses of biogas. [2 Marks]
[2 Marks]
Ans: Uses of biogas:
Ans: Physical properties of methane:
i. Biogas is a very cheap fuel option,
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i. Methane is a colourless gas at room

which also meets the demand for
temperature.
cooking gas.
ii. The melting point of methane is
182.5 C ii. Biogas is used for production of
electricity.
iii. Its boiling point is 161.5 C.
iv. The density of liquid methane is less iii. Biogas can be compressed and used to
than that of water. power motor vehicles.
v. Methane is sparingly soluble in water iv. In addition, a very good manure is
but highly soluble in organic solvents produced as a side product during the
like gasoline, ether and alcohol. biogas production.
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39. Explain the two stages in the biogas iii. Also, there is less emission of CO2 to
production process. [3 Marks] the atmosphere as compared to fossil
Ans: Biogas production process: fuels.
Production of biogas is an anaerobic process. Hence, biogas is an eco-friendly fuel.
It takes place in two stages.
i. Production of acids: Give balanced chemical equation
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The microbes act on the biodegradable
complex organic compounds and 1. Intext Question. (Textbook page no. 146)
produce organic acids such as acetic i. Write down the equation of the chemical
acid.
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reaction taking place between water and
ii. Methane gas production: carbon dioxide in the experiment
The methanogenic bacteria act on the mentioned on textbook page no. 145.
organic acids to produce methane gas. [1 Mark]
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CH3COOH  CH4 + CO2  Ans: The chemical reaction taking place between
Acetic acid Methane Carbon water and carbon dioxide is as follows:
dioxide
H2O(l) + CO2(g)  H2CO3(aq)
Water Carbon Carbonic acid
Give reasons [2 Marks each] dioxide
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*1. Graphite is a conductor of electricity. ii. Write down the equation of the chemical
Ans: i. In each layer of graphite, free electrons reaction taking place on putting limewater in
move continuously within the entire the gas jar of CO2. [1 Mark]
layer. O Ans: The chemical reaction taking place on putting
ii. These electrons can conduct electricity. limewater in the gas jar of CO2 is as follows:
Hence, graphite is a good conductor of
electricity. Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)  CaCO3(s)  + H2O(l)
Calcium Carbon Calcium Water
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*2. Graphite is not used in ornaments. hydroxide dioxide carbonate
Ans: i. The property that is used in making (Limewater) (White precipitate)
ornaments and jewellery is transparency 2. Complete the following chemical reactions.
of substance and reflection of light
which graphite does not possess. *i. ……. + …….  CO2 + 2H2O + Heat
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ii. Also, graphite is soft, black, brittle and *ii. ……. + …….  CH3Cl + HCl
opaque unlike diamond, which is *iii. 2NaOH + CO2  ……. + …….
transparent, hard and reflects light. iv. ……. 
In presence of bacteria
 CH4 + CO2
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Hence, graphite is not used for making v. 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4  ……. + ……. + 2CO2
ornaments.
[1 Mark each]
*3. Limewater turns milky when CO2 is passed Ans:
through it. i. CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O + Heat
Methane Oxygen Carbon Water
Ans: When carbon dioxide is passed through
dioxide
limewater, it turns milky white due to the
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formation of white, insoluble calcium ii.

Light
CH4 + Cl2   CH3Cl + HCl
carbonate (CaCO3) which precipitates out of Methane Chlorine Methyl Hydrochloric
the solution. chloride acid
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)  CaCO3(s)  + H2O(l) iii. 2NaOH + CO2  Na2CO3 + H2O
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Limewater Carbon Calcium carbonate Water Sodium Carbon Sodium Water

dioxide (White precipitate) hydroxide dioxide carbonate
*4. Biogas is an eco-friendly fuel. iv. CH3COOH 

In presence of bacteria
 CH4 + CO2
Ans: i. Production of biogas is an anaerobic Acetic acid Methane Carbon
process, which means there is no form dioxide
of combustion involved.
v. 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2
ii. It is considered to be a renewable Sodium Dilute Sodium Water Carbon
resource as it is produced from organic bicarbonate sulphuric sulphate dioxide
waste materials. acid
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*2. Explain the difference between crystalline
Distinguish between [2 Marks each]
and non-crystalline forms of carbon.
Ans:
*1. Explain the difference between diamond
and graphite.
Crystalline forms Non-crystalline
Ans:
of carbon forms of carbon
Diamond Graphite i. A crystalline form An amorphous /
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i. Diamond is a hard, Graphite is a soft, has a regular and non-crystalline form
crystalline substance. black and brittle definite arrangement has an irregular
crystalline substance. of carbon atoms. arrangement of
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ii. Each carbon atom is Each carbon atom is carbon atoms.
bonded to four other bonded to three other ii. They have high and They melt over a
neighbouring carbon neighbouring carbon sharp melting and large range of
atoms by covalent atoms by covalent boiling points. temperature.
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bonds. bonds. iii. They have a definite They do not have a
iii. It has a rigid tetragonal It has a hexagonal geometrical shape, definite geometrical
three dimensional layered structure. sharp edges and shape.
structure. plane surfaces.
iv. There are no free There are free iv. The crystalline The non-crystalline
electrons in diamond. electrons in graphite. forms of carbon are forms of carbon are
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v. It is a bad conductor It is a good conductor diamond, graphite coal, coke, charcoal,
of electricity. of electricity. and fullerene. etc.
1.
Complete the given chart/table
Complete the following table:

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Number of Number of
C
Hydrocarbon Structure Type
carbon atoms hydrogen atoms
Propyne - 3 4 Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- H2C = CH2 2 4 -
Propane - 3 - -
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Ans:
Number of Number of
Hydrocarbon Structure Type
carbon atoms hydrogen atoms
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Propyne CH3 – C  CH 3 4 Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Ethene H2C = CH2 2 4 Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Propane CH3 – CH2 – CH3 3 8 Saturated hydrocarbon
Questions based on diagram

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1. The given diagram represents the internal structure of fire

extinguisher. The knob
Answer the following questions, based on the diagram.
i. Identify chemicals A and B.
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Capsule
ii. Name the gas released when ‘A’ comes in contact with ‘B’.
iii. Give the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of ‘A’
with ‘B’. A
[3 Marks]
Ans: i. A is sulphuric acid and B is sodium bicarbonate powder.
ii. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
iii. 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 B
Sodium Dilute Sodium Water Carbon
bicarbonate sulphuric sulphate dioxide
acid
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2. Observe the following diagram and answer the questions given below:
Exit of gas
Mixing tank
(Slurry of cattle dung) Slab cover Overflow tank
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Spent
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slurry
Inlet
chamber Outlet
chamber
Dung and
Underground
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Water mixture
digester tank
i. What does the above given diagram represent?

ii. What are the major gases produced, which can be collected through the exit?
iii. Mention the use of the spent slurry produced in this process.
[3 Marks]
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Ans: i. The above given diagram represents a biogas plant.
ii. The major gases produced in a biogas plant, which can be collected through the exit, are methane and
carbon dioxide.
iii. The side product (spent slurry) produced in this process is used as manure for plants.
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Questions based on paragraph [5 Marks] Apply your Knowledge
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1. Two carbon compounds ‘P’ and ‘Q’ have 1. Try this. (Textbook page no. 138)
molecular mass 16 u and 44 u respectively. i. Take some milk in an evaporating dish.
Both are colourless gases at room temperature. Heat the evaporating dish on a Bunsen
‘P’ is used as a domestic fuel. ‘Q’ in liquefied burner. What remains behind at the bottom
form is used to remove caffeine from coffee. of an evaporating dish on complete
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‘P’ and chlorine gas react with each other at evaporation of the milk?
250-400C in presence of ultraviolet light to Ans: On complete evaporation of milk, a charred
form ‘R’ and hydrogen chloride. black substance remains behind at the bottom
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of the evaporating dish.

Based on the above paragraph, answer the
following questions. ii. Take small samples of sugar, wool, dry
i. Write the molecular formulae of ‘P’ and ‘Q’. leaves, hair, seeds, split pulses and plastic in
ii. Explain the solubility of ‘P’ in water. separate test tubes. Heat each test tube and
iii. Write the chemical equation for the observe the changes taking place in the
substances. What does the black substance
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complete combustion of ‘P’. remaining in each test tube indicate?

iv. Name the compound ‘R’.
Ans: On heating each test tube, a black substance
v. Mention any two uses of ‘Q’ other than remains behind in each one of them indicating
the one mentioned in the given paragraph. the presence of carbon.
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Ans: i. ‘P’ is CH4 and ‘Q’ is CO2. 2. Intext Question. (Textbook page no. 138)
ii. Methane (P) is sparingly soluble in
Make a list of all substances/objects that
water.
you use in daily life from morning till night
iii.
and divide those substances into the
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O + Heat
columns in the following table.
Methane Oxygen Carbon Water
dioxide
Metallic Earthen / glass Other objects
iv. Compound ‘R’ is methyl chloride (or objects objects / substances
chloromethane).
v. Refer Answer the following: Q.30.
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Ans: in each. Add half a spoonful of coal powder
Other in each of the conical flasks and stir with
Metallic Earthen / glass the help of stirrer. Observe the mixtures in
objects /
objects objects the three conical flasks.
substances
Cutlery, Earthen objects: Foodstuffs, Ans: The mixtures in the three conical flasks have
jewellery, pottery, fuels, non-uniform composition (i.e., they form
heterogeneous mixtures) as coal powder
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keys, knives, handicrafts, lamps, medicines,
chains, boilers, etc. clothes, remains as it is in these solvents.
taps, batteries, Glass objects: plastics,
etc. Windows, cutlery, wooden ii. Use your brain power!
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bottles, jars, etc. objects- (Textbook page no. 144)
chairs, a. In which of the solvents- water,
tables, etc. kerosene and cooking oil does the coal
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[Note: Students can find out more substances/objects powder dissolve?
and add to the above list.] b. What inference will you draw about
the solubility of carbon?
3. Try this. (Textbook page no. 141)
Ans: a. Coal powder does not dissolve in these
Apparatus: Lead pencil, electrical wires,
solvents.
battery/cell, small bulb, water, kerosene,
test tubes, etc. b. Carbon does not dissolve in water and
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Procedure: organic solvents.
i. Remove the lead from a pencil, and feel
it with your fingers. What colour is it? 5. Try this. (Textbook page no. 144)
Try to break the lead with your hand.
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ii. Assemble the apparatus as shown in the paper, etc.
diagram. Start the electric current in Procedure: Ignite the coal. Hold the moist
the circuit. Observe. What did you find? blue litmus paper over the gas released on
igniting the coal.
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Pencil Note the observation.
i. With which gas in the air does the
Bulb coal react on igniting?
Cell ii. What is the substance formed?
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iii. What change takes place in the litmus

paper?
Flow of electric current iv. Write down the chemical reaction
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through graphite taking place in the above procedure.

iii. Take some water in a test tube. Take
some kerosene in another test tube. Moist blue litmus
Put lead dust in both the test tubes.
What did you find?
Ans: i. The colour of lead from pencil is black. It
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can be easily broken as it is brittle and soft. Coal

ii. When electric current is passed through
the circuit as shown in the diagram, the
bulb glows as graphite is a good
conductor of electricity.
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iii. Lead dust (graphite) forms a suspension,

which means that it is insoluble in both Reaction of carbon with oxygen
water and kerosene (organic solvent).
4. i. Try this. (Textbook page no. 143) Ans: i. On ignition, the coal (carbon) reacts
Apparatus : 3 conical flasks, stirrer. with oxygen in the air.
Chemicals : Water, kerosene, cooking oil, ii. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is formed on the
coal powder, etc. reaction of coal with oxygen.
Procedure : Take 3 conical flasks and take iii. The moist litmus paper turns from blue
cooking oil, water and kerosene respectively to red in colour.
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iv. The chemical reaction taking place in The chemical equation of the above
the above procedure is: reaction is as follows.
C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) CaCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Carbon Oxygen Carbon Calcium Hydrochloric Calcium Water Carbon
dioxide carbonate acid chloride dioxide
6. Intext Question. (Textbook page no. 144)

Dilute hydrochloric acid
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Apparatus: Test tube, straw, limewater,
etc. Thistle funnel
Procedure: Take freshly prepared
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limewater in a test tube. Blow for
sometime into the limewater through the
straw and observe the limewater. CO2
CaCO3
Upward
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Blowing air
displacement
of air
Preparation of carbon dioxide

Limewater
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Study the physical and chemical properties
of carbon dioxide.
Reaction of limewater with CO2 i. Observe the colour of the gas formed in
O the above experiment.
i. What did you see? ii. Smell the gas in the gas jar.
ii. What might be the reason behind the
Use separate gas jars for the activities (iii)
change?
to (vii) given below:
Ans: i. On blowing through the straw into the
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iii. Remove the lid of a gas jar and put
limewater, the limewater turns milky some limewater in it.
white. iv. Place a burning candle in a gas jar.
ii. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the exhaled v. Drop a small amount of a solution of
air turns the limewater milky white due some universal indicator in one gas jar
to the formation of insoluble calcium filled with CO2 and shake it.
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carbonate (CaCO3). vi. Pour some water in a gas jar and shake it.
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)  CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) vii. Moisten a blue and a red litmus paper
Limewater Carbon Calcium Water and drop them in a gas jar of CO2.
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dioxide carbonate Enter your observations in all the above activities

7. Try this. (Textbook page no. 144-145) in the following table.
Physical properties of CO2
Apparatus: Retort stand, round bottom
flask, thistle funnel, gas delivery tube, gas Test Observations
jars. Odour
Chemicals: Calcium carbonate (Pieces of Colour
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Shahabad tiles/marble pieces/ limestone), Chemical properties of CO2

dilute hydrochloric acid.
Procedure: Test Observations
i. Assemble the apparatus as shown in Burning candle
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the figure. While assembling, place Universal indicator

CaCO3 in the round bottom flask. Limewater
Water
ii. Add dilute HCl in the flask through
thistle funnel. See to it that the end Litmus paper
of the funnel dips in the acid. Ans:
iii. CO2 is formed as a result of the Physical properties of CO2:
reaction between CaCO3 and HCl. Test Observations
Collect this gas in four to five gas Odour CO2 is odourless
jars. Colour CO2 is colourless
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Chemical properties of CO2: iv. During this period, anaerobic bacteria
present in the slurry decompose the
Test Observations biomass in the presence of water.
Burning CO2 will extinguish the v. As a result, biogas is formed which
candle flame of the candle. starts collecting in the dome of the
digester and as more and more biogas
Universal CO2 turns the solution of starts collecting, it exerts pressure and
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indicator universal indicator to forces the spent slurry into the outlet
yellow/orange. chamber.
Limewater CO2 turns limewater milky. vi. This spent slurry is removed manually
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and used as manure for plants.
Water CO2 sparingly dissolves in
vii. To obtain a continuous supply of
water forming carbonic acid biogas, a functioning plant can be fed
(H2CO3). continuously with the prepared slurry.
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Litmus paper CO2 turns moist blue litmus Some electrical instruments that can run on
paper to red whereas moist biogas include,
red litmus paper remains as i. Solar water heaters
ii. Electric generators
it is.
iii. Hot water boilers
8. Intext Question. (Textbook page no. 146) iv. Gas turbines, etc.
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[Note: Students can find out additional information
Nowadays, many types of fire extinguishers
by visiting a biogas plant.]
are used. Collect more information about
the way CO2 is used in them to extinguish a 11. Complete the following crossword:
fire.
(Students are expected to collect more
information about CO2 based fire
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extinguishers on their own.) 2

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9. Intext Question. (Textbook page no. 148) 3
Using ICT.
Prepare a detailed report on carbon. Use
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computer applications such as Notepad,
Word for this purpose and send the reports 5
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to others. 6
Websites:
https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/,
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www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry
(Students are expected to prepare a report on
their own using the above mentioned websites.)
10. Find out. (Textbook page no. 148)

Visit a biogas plant and get to know the actual  Down
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functioning of the plant. Find out which 1. The amorphous form of carbon, which
electrical instruments are run on that plant. is used in the production of water gas
Ans: Working of biogas plant: and producer gas.
The steps involved in the working of a biogas 2. The crystalline form of carbon, which is
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plant are as follows: a bad conductor of electricity.

i. Biogas is made in a biogas digester. 5. The gas, which contains 55 to 60%
methane and the rest of the constituent
ii. All types of wet organic wastes are
as carbon dioxide.
mixed with an equal quantity of water in
the mixing tank, which is present above  Across
the ground level. This forms the slurry. 3. The crystalline form of carbon whose
iii. The digester, which is a well-like one layer is called graphene.
structure, present underground, is 4. The gas, which is also known as marsh gas.
partially filled with slurry and left 6. The type of coal, which is formed in the
unused for about two months. second step of the formation of coal.
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Ans: *12. Project.
1 Make a model of a biogas plant and make a
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presentation in the class about the process
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2
D K (Students are expected to prepare the model
3 for biogas plant and make a presentation.)
G R A P H I T E
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A
4
M E T H A N E
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5
B O
6
L I G N I T E
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G
A
S
Memory Maps
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Carbon
Crystalline forms
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Diamond Graphite Fullerenes Coal Charcoal Coke
 It consists of
 It has a tetragonal  It has a hexagonal Contains less than 60%
30-900 carbon Peat
3-D structure. layered structure. of carbon
atoms.
 Transparent and  Opaque, soft and  They include
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hard brittle buckyballs and Lignite Contains 60-70 %

buckytubes. of carbon
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Bituminous Contains 70-90 %

coal of carbon
Anthracite Contains 95 %
of carbon
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Hydrocarbons
Compounds containing carbon
and hydrogen
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Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons containing only Hydrocarbons containing at least
single bond between carbon one double or triple bond between
atoms. carbon atoms.
Example: Methane (CH4), Example: Ethene (CH2 = CH2),
Ethane (CH3–CH3), etc. Ethyne (CH = CH), etc.
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Chapter Assessment
[Total Marks: 25]
Q.1. (A) Answer the following. [5]

i. Fill in the blank.
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The organic compound, urea was prepared from _______ by German chemist Wohler.
ii. Identify the odd one out and justify.
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Coal, coke, charcoal, graphite
iii. Right or wrong. If wrong, write the correct sentence.
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Propane is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
iv. Match the hydrocarbons with the type of carbon-carbon bond present in them:
Hydrocarbon Carbon-carbon bond

a. Ethene 1. Single bond
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b. Ethyne 2. Double bond
3. Triple bond
v. Complete the analogy and explain.

Limestone : CaCO3 : : Calamine : _______.
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(B) Choose the correct alternative. [3]
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i. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to pieces of Shahabad tiles taken in a round bottom flask. It
is observed that _______.
(A) the solution turns black
(B) a brisk effervescence occurs
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(C) the solution turns milky

(D) a loud sound is produced
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ii. Nikita tests carbon dioxide gas with moist litmus paper. She observes that _______.
(A) red litmus turns blue
(B) blue litmus turns red
(C) blue litmus remains as it is
(D) red litmus paper turns green
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iii. Carbon dioxide gas _______.

(A) supports combustion
(B) is neutral in nature
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(C) has sweet smell

(D) is colourless
Q.2. Answer the following (any three). [6]

i. How does a modern CO2 based fire extinguisher work?
ii. Give four examples of hydrocarbons.
iii. Explain the chlorination of methane with chemical equation.
iv. What happens when CO2 is passed through limewater? Give chemical equation.
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Q.3. Answer the following (any two). [6]
i. Study the following diagram and answer the questions given below:
H
H C H
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N
H
a. What does the above figure represent?

b. What are the valencies of carbon and hydrogen?
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c. How many C-H bonds are formed in the given molecule?
ii. Answer the following questions based on the given diagram.
Carbon
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O
C
a. Name the type of chemical bond formed between the carbon atoms.
b. Identify the product formed when the above substance is heated at 800C in the
presence of oxygen.
c. Give two uses of the above substance.
iii. Complete the following:
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a. 2NaOH + CO2  +
b. CH4 + 2O2  + + Heat

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c. Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 

d. H2O + CO2 
Q.4. Answer the following (any one). [5]
i. With the help of a concept map, explain the different crystalline and non-crystalline forms of
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carbon.
ii. Describe an experiment to prove that graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Answers
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Q.1. (A)
i. ammonium cyanate
ii. Graphite,
Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon while others are non-crystalline forms of carbon.
iii. Wrong,
Propane is a saturated hydrocarbon.
iv. (a – 2), (b – 3)
v. ZnCO3,
The molecular formula of limestone (calcium carbonate) is CaCO3. Similarly, the molecular
formula of calamine (zinc carbonate) is ZnCO3.
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Target Pub_Std IX Science and Technology (English Medium)_Text.pdf 244 2/14/2018 10:56:42 AM
(B)
i. (B) ii. (B) iii. (D)
Q.2. i. In modern fire extinguishers, liquid and solid CO2 is filled under pressure. On reducing the
pressure, it turns into gaseous state and comes out forcefully through the horn-like hose pipe.
ii. Methane (CH4), Ethane (H3C – CH3), propene (CH3 – CH = CH2), propyne (CH3 – C  CH)
Methane and chlorine gases react with each other at the temperature of 250 C to 400 C in
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iii.
presence of ultraviolet light and form mainly methyl chloride (chloromethane) and hydrogen
chloride. This reaction is called chlorination of methane.
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Chemical reaction:
Light
CH4 + Cl2   CH3Cl + HCl
Methane Chlorine Methyl Hydrogen
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chloride chloride
iv. Refer Give reasons: Q.3.

Q.3. i. a. The above figure represents electron dot model of methane.
b. The valencies of carbon and hydrogen are 4 and 1 respectively.
c. In methane molecule, four C-H bonds are formed.
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ii. a. Covalent bond
b. When diamond is heated at 800C in the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide (CO2) is
formed. O
c. Refer Answer the following: Q.18.i.
iii.
a. 2NaOH + CO2  Na2CO3 + H2O
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b. CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O + Heat
c. Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2  2NaHCO3
d. H2O + CO2  H2CO3

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Q.4. i. Refer Answer the following: Q.12. and Memory maps.

ii. Refer Answer the following: Q.10.
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C
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STD 9th Perfect Science and Technology Notes English Medium MH Board PDF

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STD 9th Perfect Science and Technology Notes English Medium MH Board PDF

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P.O. No. 109593

JSNR_51705327_Target Pub_Std IX Science and Technology (English Medium)_Text.pdf 1 4/10/2018 3:17:48 PM

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

JSNR_51705327_Target Pub_Std IX Science and Technology (English Medium)_Text.pdf 2 4/10/2018 3:17:48 PM

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Answers: presence of _______ catalyst, methane gas is

diamond, graphite, fullerene)

1. Fullerenes are insoluble in organic solvents. Answer:

Ans: a. Any organic compound on complete

Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon while organic compounds undergo incomplete

Complete the analogy [1 Mark each]

8. Discuss the structure of graphite. [3 Marks]

5. What is allotropy? [2 Marks]

E.g.: Carbon exists in crystalline forms like soft and slippery.

coal and anthracite.

*13. What are the different types of coal? What

through graphite the formation of coal.

anthracite contains about 95% of carbon. c. It is used in pencils for writing.

ii. It is a light weight, black, amorphous b. Fullerenes are used as a catalyst

electricity. iv. Uses of coal:

[2 Marks] the free state at a concentration of about

29. Use your brain power! (Textbook page no. 145)

1.97 g/cm3, which is about 1.67 times more Capsule

*30. Explain: Practical uses of CO2. [2 Marks] Sulphuric

Ans: i. Methane is produced when vegetation etc.

i. Methane is a colourless gas at room

formation of white, insoluble calcium ii.

Limewater Carbon Calcium carbonate Water Sodium Carbon Sodium Water

*4. Biogas is an eco-friendly fuel. iv. CH3COOH 

Complete the following table:

Propyne CH3 – C  CH 3 4 Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Questions based on diagram

1. The given diagram represents the internal structure of fire

i. What does the above given diagram represent?

of the evaporating dish.

complete combustion of ‘P’. remaining in each test tube indicate?

iii. What change takes place in the litmus

through graphite taking place in the above procedure.

can be easily broken as it is brittle and soft. Coal

iii. Lead dust (graphite) forms a suspension,

6. Intext Question. (Textbook page no. 144)

Preparation of carbon dioxide

dioxide carbonate Enter your observations in all the above activities

Shahabad tiles/marble pieces/ limestone), Chemical properties of CO2

the figure. While assembling, place Universal indicator

extinguishers on their own.) 2

10. Find out. (Textbook page no. 148)

plant are as follows: a bad conductor of electricity.

hard brittle buckyballs and Lignite Contains 60-70 %

Bituminous Contains 70-90 %

Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons

[Total Marks: 25]

Q.1. (A) Answer the following. [5]

ii. Identify the odd one out and justify.

iii. Right or wrong. If wrong, write the correct sentence.

Hydrocarbon Carbon-carbon bond

v. Complete the analogy and explain.

(C) the solution turns milky

iii. Carbon dioxide gas _______.

(C) has sweet smell

Q.2. Answer the following (any three). [6]