Engineering Skills Training Center E.S.T.

Chapter VI BEARING CAPACITY OF LAYERED SOILS

STRONGER SOIL UNDERLAIN BY WEAKER SOIL

VI.1. Ultimate Bearing Capacity-Meyerhof and Hanna

Ultimate bearing capacity-Meyerhof and Hanna (1978) and Meyerhof (1974)

Figure: Bearing Capacity of a Continuous Foundation on Layered Soil

VI.1.1. In Case HB


2 Ca  Pp sin ( δ') 
qu  qb   γ1 H
B

B = Width of the Foundation

Ca = Adhesive Force = c'a H

c'a = Adhesion

Pp = Passive Force per Unit Length of the Faces aa' and bb'

qb = Bearing Capacity of the Bottom Soil Layer

Simplify Form

2 c'a H  2 Df  KpH tan ( δ')

2
qu  qb   γ1 H   1    γ1 H
B  H  B

δ' = Inclination of the Passive Force Pp with the horizontal

KpH = Horizontal Component of Passive Earth Pressure Coefficient

 
KpH tan ( δ')  Ks tan ϕ'1

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2 c'a H 2   
2 Df  Ks tan ϕ'1
qu  qb   γ1 H   1    γ1 H
B  H  B

 q2 
Ks = Punching Shear Coefficient = f   ϕ'1
 q1 
1
q1  c'1 Nc(1)   γ1 B Nγ(1)
2
1
q2  c'2 Nc(2)   γ2 B Nγ(2)
2

Kc(1) Nγ(1) = Bearing Capacity Factors for Friction Angle ϕ'1

Kc(2) Nγ(2) = Bearing Capacity Factors for Friction Angle ϕ'2

Table: Bearing Capacity Factors

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Figure: Meyerhof and Hanna's Punching Shear Coefficient Ks

Figure: Variation of with based on the theory of Meyerhof and Hanna (1978)

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VI.1.2. In Case HB

1
qu  qt  c'1 Nc(1)  q Nq(1)   γ1 B Nγ(1)
2

to calculate Bearing Capacity Factors for ϕ' = ϕ'1

Combining Equation above

c'a H 2 
2 Df  Ks tan ϕ'1  
qu  qb  2  γ1 H   1    γ1 H  qt
B  H  B

For Rectangular Foundation

B  2 c'a H  B  2 Df   Ks tan ϕ'1 

qu  qb   1       γ1 H2   1    1      γ1 H  qt
 L  B   L  H   B 
1
 
qb  c'2 Nc(2)  Fcs(2)  γ1 Df  H  Nq(2) Fqs(2)   γ2 B Nγ(2) Fγs(2)
2
1
qt  c'1 Nc(1) Fcs(1)  γ1 Df  Nq(1) Fqs(1)   γ1 B Nγ(1) Fγs(1)
2

Fcs(1) Fqs(1) Fγs(1) = Shape Factors with Respect to Top Soil Layer

Fcs(2) Fqs(2) Fγs(2) = Shape Factors with Respect to Bottom Soil Layer

VI.2. Special Cases

VI.2.1. Top layer is strong sand and bottom layer is saturated soft clay


In Case: ϕ2  0 
qb   1  0.2    5.14  cu(2)  γ1 Df  H
B
 L
 
1
qt  γ1 Df  Nq(1) Fqs(1)   γ1 B Nγ(1) Fγs(1)
2

B   
2 Df  Ks tan ϕ'1
qu   1  0.2    5.14  cu(2)  γ1 H   1     1 
B 2
  γ1 Df
 L  L  H  B
1
qu  γ1 Df  Nq(1) Fqs(1)   γ1 B Nγ(1) Fγs(1)
2

cu(2) = Undrained Cohesion

q2 cu(2) Nc(2) 5.14  cu(2)

 
q1 1 0.5  γ1 B Nγ(1)
 γ  B Nγ(1)
2 1

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VI.2.2. Top layer is stronger sand and bottom layer is weaker sand


In Case: c'1  0 c'2  0 
 1 

 
qu  γ1 Df  H  Nq(2) Fqs(2)   γ2 B Nγ(2) Fγs(2) 
2 
2  B  2  Df  Ks  
tan ϕ'1
 γ1 H   1     1    γ1 H
 L  H  B
qu  qt

1
qt  γ1 Df  Nq(1) Fqs(1)   γ1 B Nγ(1) Fγs(1)
2

1
 γ  B Nγ(2) γ2 Nγ(2)
q1 2 2
 
q2 1 γ1 Nγ(1)
 γ1 B Nγ(1)
2

VI.2.3. Top layer is stronger saturated clay and bottom layer is weaker saturated clay


In Case: ϕ1  0 ϕ2  0 
 B  B   2 ca H   γ  D  q
qu   1  0.2    5.14  cu(2)   1    
 L  L  B  1 f t

 B
qt   1  0.2    5.14  cu(1)  γ1 Df
 L

cu(1) cu(2) = Undrained Cohesion

q2 5.14  cu(2) cu(2)

 
q1 5.14  cu(1) cu(1)

c1 H1  c2 H2  c3 H3  ....  cn Hn

cav 
ΣHi

1
ϕav 
     
 H1 tan ϕ1  H2 tan ϕ2  H3 tan ϕ3  ....  Hn tan ϕn
tan 
 

 ΣHi


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Problem

Heigh of Second Soil Layer to Bottom of the Footing H  1.2m

Inclination of the Load with Respect to the Vertical α  0.deg

Provided Width of Footing B  2m

Provided Length of Footing L  2.5  m

Depth of Footing Df  1.5m

Safety Factor FS  3

- First Soil Layer

kN
Unit Weight of Soil γs1  17
3
m
kN
Cohesion of Soil c'1  110
2
m

Friction Angle of Soil ϕ'1  0deg

- Second Soil Layer

kN
Unit Weight of Soil γs2  16.5
3
m
kN
Cohesion of Soil c'2  40
2
m
Friction Angle of Soil ϕ'2  0deg

Calculate the Allowable Bearing Capacity of Soil.

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