Research

in
Daily Life
Submitted by: Dilmae Beatriz Bautista

Submitted to: Argie Jardeliza Gula

RDL - Research in Daily Life

Inquiry

- define as "a seeking for truth, information or knowledge "

- the information is sought through questioning

- the process of inquiry begins with gathering information and data through applying various human
senses.

Research

- systematic investigation for information and study of materials and sources.

- to establish facts and seach new conclusion.

Experience

- is a familiar and well-used source of knowledge.

Research hold the following significant data

1. To gather necessary information

2. To make changes

3. To improve standard of living

4. For a safer life

5. To know the truth

6. To explore history (To compare past and present)

7, To understand arts.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Emperical

- Base on observation and experimentation of theories.

- Base on real life situation.

2. Systematic

- research follows orderly and sequential procedures based on valid procedures and principles.

- research guidelines provided or prescribed by by the school.

3. Controlled

- All variables, except those that are experimented/tested on.

4. Employs Hypothesis

- the hypothesis guides the investigation process.

- Research refers to a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems.

5. Analytical

- Critical Analysis of all data used so that there is no error in the researchers interpretation.

6. Objective

- Refers to the research as unbiased and logical

7. Original work

- requires effort to get at the researchers own investigation and produce the data needed to complete
the study.

TYPES OF RESEARCH

Library research

- this type is done primarily in the library where answers to specific questions or problems are available

Field research

- this research is done in the natural setting such as barangay, school, or factory.

Laboratory research
 - this type is conducted in an artificial or controlled conditions by doing the study in a thoroughly
specified and equipped area.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Formalized this manner by getting at the bottom of human situations.

Cresswell (1994) - An inquiry process of understanding

Fraenkel and Wallen (1990) - Understanding how things occur.

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

1. Applied Research

- designed to solve practical problems of the modern world and used to find solutions to
everyday problems.

2. Basic Research

- Scientist's curiosity or interest in a scientific questions.

3. Correlational Research

- Scientific investigation or statistical of relationship among to or more variables.

4. Descriptive Research

- discussing new meaning, describing what exist amd it collects a large amount of notes for a detailed
study

5. Experimental Research

- Objective systematic, controlled investigation for the purpose of predicting causality among selected
variables.

6. Quantitative Research

- Used to quantify that is to put numerical equivalents to findings.

- types of research that is not limited to mathematics.

- used to quantify the problem by way of generating mathematical or data that can be transformed into
usable statistics.

Locke, Spirduso, and Silver Man (1987) - understand a particular situation , event, role group, or
interaction.

RESEARCH TOPICS AND THEIR SOURCES

1. Pressing issues on an individual, organization or societal level or success level. (Real life)

2. Wild reading/Critical film viewing

3. Social networking

4. Replication

5. Lectures, Talks, Seminars.

"Techniques for narrowing down a topic into research question"

1. Examine the literature

2. Talk over ideas with others

3. Relate the topic to a, specific context

4. Define aim or desired outcome of the study

FACTORS THAT JUSTIFY CONDUCT OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Credibility - "Truth Value" , consistency and neutrality

Validity- Shows the complexities of variables and interaction of data derived from the setting.

Transferability- Applicability of one set of findings to another context.

TRIANGULATION - Act of bringing more than one source of data to bear on a single point.

Dependability- Refers to the researchers attempts to account for changing condition in chosen for study.
RESEARCH DESIGN

Random sampling - (Random pick)

Purposive sampling - (Example: Whole barangay athletes)

Take all sampling. - (No exempted)

Quota sampling - (how much is the exact number of persons)

SCOPE ANG DELIMITATION

Limitation - is associated with qualitative study related to validity and raliability.

Ex. This study covers only those families in Barangay San Jose , Pasig City, benefited the governments

Pantawid pamiltyang Pilipino program.

Significance of The Study

- This section, referred to as, because it is one place in which the researcher tries to convince a reader
that a researcher is worth doing and could persuade someone to support or find a research project.

Ex. This research hopes that the result of this study may be helpful to the school, administration, teacher,
student, and other researchers amd to thw researcher himself.

Hypothesis

-Specific statement of prediction. It describes in concrete for about you expect will happen in your
studies hypothesis.

Definition of Terms

- Propose certain concepts and definitions as aids in studies of reliability of various research. The the
concept of dependence is developed to facilitate measuremenr of the effectiveness with which
components are incorporated into a system

TWO TYPES OF TERMS

Conceptually- Dictionary

Operationally- Own Idea

CHAPTER II - Review Related Literature

Legal basis - this is determine the relevance of the study to the governments trust. The major sources of
related legal bases are laws and department directness.

Related Literature - It is a section in a research paper, thesis, disertation and research project in which
the sources are taken from books, journals, magazines, novels, poetry and etc that containa facts, laws,
and theories.

LOCAL STUDIES

The inquiry was conducted in the Philippines

FOREIGN STUDIES

The inquiry was conducted in the Foreign lands.

Types of Resources

1. Primary sources-

publication in which researchers report the results of their studies findings are communicated by authors
directly to the readers.

2. Secondary Sources

Publications in which authors describe the work of other. Textbook is a familiar example of this type. This
is also used for different sources offered in the curriculum.

KINDS OF LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Traditional

- referred to as narrative literature review, it provides a quick review of a current studies

- It helps explain why your study is important in the context of the literature.

2. Integrative

- Synthesizing findings from different approaches.

- approach allows for the integration of qualitative with quantitative studies ( principles /theories)
3. Syntactic

- This review synthesizes high quality empirical information to answer a given research qustion.

- conducting a systematic review includes the following rigorous, predefined protocols that minimized
bias and ensure transparency.

4. Scoping

- This review involves a broad research questions that explores he current evidence base.

- It can help inform areaas that are appropriate for a systematic review.

CATEGORIES OF SOURCES

Fraenkel (2015) Enumerate the categories.

1. Documents

- include written and printed materials that have been produced in some form or another in such as
reports, books, artworks, cartoons, diaries, and etc.

2. Numerical Records

- They may be considered as a separate type of source in and of themselves.

3. Oral Documents

- These may include stories, myths, tales, legends, songs, and etc.

4. Relics

- any object where physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past.

Structure of a Literature Review

3 main components

1. Introduction

- Review of literature that often a single paragraph that Introduces a general topic and provides scholarly
and societal.

2. Body
- You need to address previous research on a topic grouped according to theme, theoritical,
perspective, method used.

3. Conclusion

- Literature review is often a single paragraph that provides a summary.

ANTITHESIS

Emphasizes the difference between two ideas and adda interest ro writing.

Preparing The Written Review Of Literature

After reading and taking down notes on the various sources collected you can now prepare the final
literature review. Reviews differ in format , but typically they consist of five parts as enumerated below
(Fraenkel and Walles 2010)

1. The Introduction briefly describes the nature of the problem. The researcher also explains what lead
him/her to study ang probe into the question and why it is an important question to investigate.

2. The Body of the review briefly reports what others have found or thought about the researh problem.
Related studies are usually discussed together groupes under subhead to make the review easier to
read.

3. The Summary of the review ties together the main ideas revealed in the literature reviewed and
presents a composite picture of what is known or thought to date. Findings may be tabulated to give the
reader Ideas of how many other researchers reported identical or similar findings or have similar
recommendation.

4. Any Conclusions the researcher feel are justified base on the state of knowledge revealed in the
literature review should be included.

5. A Bibliography with full bibliographic data for all sources mentioned in the review is essential use the
formal suggested for a reference list.

STRUCTURE OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW.

 Focused - It presents only ideas and reports on studies that are closely related to the topic.
 Concise - The ideas should be present economically
  Logical - the flow within among paragraph should be a smooth, logical progression from one
ideas to the next
 Developed - the ideas are fully and completely written.
 Integrative - it show how ideas related and how all reviewed materials contribute to your topic.

Intervening Variables

- Used to explain causal links between other variables.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK (theories and principles)

- You have identified your problem statement ang research question. It is important to determine what
theories and Ideas exist in relation to your chosen subject.

- It is "Frame" the reseach and show that you are knowledgeable about the key concepts, theories and
models that relate to your topic.

- The definition ang models you select also give your research direction, as you will continue to build in
these choices in different stage in you project. (Foundation)

- Provides scientific justification for your investigation.

- specifies which key variables influence a phenomenon of interest amd highlights the needs to examine
how those key variables might differ and under what circumstances.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

- Provides as outline of how you plan to conduct the research for your thesis, but it goes further that that
by also positioning your work with in the larger field of research.

- helps to guide fellow researcher or adviser who are analyzing your thesis.

Semi structured reviews

- use both closed and open-ended questions.

When interviewing face to face, the researcher and participant engage in a conversation, which is usally
audio-recorded and the recording is transformed in to a written text, ready for analysis, through a
process of transcription.
The same basic procedure applies for telephone interviews, visual interviews via skype have also been
explored, or via instant messaging or chat. Interviews are ideally suited fo experience type of research
(Braun and Clarke, 2013). Examples would be the experience of OCW's, minors, college, drop-outs,
inventors, entrepreneurs, and the like.

Partipant Observation

In this method, the researcher immerses himself/herself in the natural setting in the research
participant. This an be home, an office, an institution, etc. The researchers immersion in the natural
setting of research participant enable him/her to see, hear, feel, and experience the research participant
daily life.

The participant observes partipates fully in the activities in the groupe, the members of which are that
the participant observer is a researcher.

Focus Group Interview

6 to 8 persons participte in the interview. The advantage is that critical issues and sensitive ones can be
more freely discussed with a group. Because of the variety and depths of opinion, views, amd
perspective expressed, this type of interview is a very rich source of data. Needles to say, the moderator
and researcher must be skilled in facilitating such as group discussion, and stay focused on the goal and
topic of said interview.

Observational Evaluation

Here the researcher may or may not participate in the activities of the group being observed. But mostly
observes and records both verbal and non-verbal behavior of a person or group of persons. Some
researchers use usually designed evaluation instruments to collect observational data.

Biography/Autobiography

Personal biographics offer a rich source of data or evidence that can shed light or provide tentative
answers to research question.

Perhaps even diaries can be added here, just like the diary of "Ann Frank" that offered much information
or evidence on Nazi Atrocities. Another example is Victor Frankl's "Man Search for Meaning" which also
provides much insight on the horrors of the on Nazi Death camps when the author or Frankl's spent
years as a prisoner in Auschwitz and other concentration camps.