COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION

Comparative Criminology
˗ It is the study of the social occurrences of crime among societies, in order to identify
differences and similarities in the patterns of crime. It is a discipline in the field of
behavioral sciences.

Comparative Criminal Justice

˗ It is as subfield of the study of criminal justice systems worldwide. It studies the
similarities and differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights
as well as the history and political statute of different systems.
˗ The task of comparative criminal justice is to compare and contrast our ways of
responding to crime with those practiced elsewhere.

Comparative Police System

˗ It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations. It
covers the study of police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various
nations.
˗ Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in
order to discover insights in the field of international policing. (RKM)
 Comparative- an estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of two objects or event
 Police
 The governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the
affairs of a community, now chiefly the department established to maintain order,
enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime.

Role of the Police

The primary law enforcement body of the state is the police. The basic police
mission — preserving order by enforcing rules of conduct or laws — was the same in the
ancient communities as it is today in sophisticated and highly urbanized societies.
The first component of the Criminal Justice System in the Philippine setting is
responsible in performing these fundamental functions.
o Prevention of crime and suppression of criminal activities
o Preservation of peace and order
o Protection of life and property
o Enforcement of laws and ordinances
o Regulation of non-criminal conduct
o Investigation of crimes
o Apprehension of criminals
o Safeguarding of citizens’ rights and
o public morals

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 The Need for Comparison
 Theories and Practices in law enforcement have been compared in several
studies under diverse circumstances.
 The goal is to test whether the theory and practices in policing needs innovation
to meet the demands of the present trends in crime fighting.

Significant Considerations in Policing

˗ Crime has become a global phenomenon.
˗ Transnational crimes like terrorism, drug trafficking, money laundering, human
smuggling, etc.…goes global.
˗ Thus, it has the potential of eroding the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful
community of the United Nations – A THREAT TO LAW ENFORCEMENT.
˗ Given that assumption, policing itself must become global in its scope.

UNIT II

GLOBALIZATION

 Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and
governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and
aided by information technology. This process driven by international trade and investment
and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on
culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and human physical
well-being in societies around the worlds

˗ Package of transnational flow of people, production, investment, information, ideas and

authority.
˗ Growing interpenetration of states, markets, communication and ideas.
˗ The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and legal systems in an effort to
form and sustain a global economy.
˗ The increasingly global relationships of culture, people and economic activity.
˗ Also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, and popular culture.

Effects of Globalization to Law Enforcement

1. The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be easily achieved.

2. There is a need for transnational policing. The cooperation among police
organizations in the world is vital.
3. Training instructions for incoming law enforcement officers must include advance
computer to prepare them as cyber cops so they can be better prepared to deal with
cybercrimes.
4. Development of new strategies to deal with international organized crimes is a must.
5. Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations related to modernization
theories of crime

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 o International Policing – Indicate those types of policing that are formally directed by
institutions usually responsible for international affairs.

o Transnational Policing – Pertains to all forms of policing that transgress national

borders.

UNIT III

TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

˗ Crimes that are not only international but crimes that by their nature involve border crossing
as an essential part of the criminal activity.
˗ The term covers not only offenses committed in more than one State, but also those that
take place in one State but are planned or controlled in another.
˗ Crimes that takes place in one country, but their consequences significantly affect another
country.
˗ Crimes in one State committed by groups that operate in more than one State
˗ A crime perpetuated by organized criminal groups with the aim of committing one or more
serious crimes or offenses in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other
material benefit.
˗ Involve the crossing of borders or jurisdictions.

Crossing of borders by:

o People - criminals, fugitives and victims
o Things – commodities

Philippine Experience
 Human Trafficking and Smuggling
 Money Laundering
 Small Arms and Light Weapons
 Terrorism
 Drug Trafficking
 Sexual Slavery
 Cyber Crime

TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS
Recruitment, transportation, transfer or harboring, or receipt of persons with or without
the victim’s consent or knowledge, within or across national borders by any means for the
purpose of exploitation (e.g. prostitution, forced labor, slavery, servitude, removal or sale of
organs)

How Is Human Trafficking Different From Migrant Smuggling?

• Consent - migrant smuggling, while often undertaken in dangerous or degrading

conditions, involves consent. Trafficking victims, on the other hand, have either never
consented or if they initially consented, that consent has been rendered meaningless by
the coercive, deceptive or abusive action of the traffickers.

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• Exploitation - migrant smuggling ends with the migrants' arrival at their destination,
whereas trafficking involves the ongoing exploitation of the victim.

• Transnationality - smuggling is always transnational, whereas trafficking may not be.

Trafficking can occur regardless of whether victims are taken to another state or moved
within a state's borders.

• Source of profits - in smuggling cases profits are derived from the transportation or
facilitation of the illegal entry or stay of a person into another country, while in trafficking
cases profits are derived from exploitation.

Philippine Domestic Laws

o RA 9208 -“Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003”.
o RA 10364 –” Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012″
o RA 7610 -“Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination
Act”.
o RA 8042 -“Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipino Act”
o RA 6955-“An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching Filipino Women for
Marriage to Foreign Nationals on a Mail-Order Basis and Other similar Practices…
o RA 8239- “Philippine Passport Act of 1996”

Causes of Human Trafficking

o Poverty
o Uneven economic development
o Family orientation & values
o Weak enforcement of laws
o Corruption
o Immediate benefits of working abroad

Modus Operandi
 Illegal Recruitment
 Illegal Migration
 Mail-Order Bride
 Foreign Training or Internship
 Religious Pilgrimage
 Cultural Exchange Promotion

Illegal Recruitment (R.A. 8042, as amended by RA 10022)

Illegal Recruitment shall mean any act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting,
transporting, utilizing, hiring or procuring of workers which includes referring, contract
services, promising or advertising for employment abroad, whether for profit or not, when
undertaken by a non-license or non-holder of authority.
• Tourist Worker Scheme
• Blind Ads and Correspondence
• Assumed identity
• Trainee-Worker Scheme

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 • Camouflaged participants/representatives in seminars/sports events
• Mail Order Bride Scheme
• Tie-Up or Kabit System
• Backdoor Exit

SEXUAL SLAVERY
It refers to the organized coercion of unwilling people into various different sexual
practices. It encompasses most if not all forms of forced prostitution.

TERRORISM
 Simply a means to an end, not an end in itself;
 Aims at obtaining a response that will achieve political goals, religious, etc.;
 Aimed not so much at the target upon which the initial act is committed, but to a much
wider audience who will view and interpret the act
o RA 10168 - "The Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act of 2012“

Different Definitions of Terrorism:

 US State Department
Title 22 of the US Code, Chapter 38, Section 2656f (d):
premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-
combatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually
intended to influence an audience.

 FBI
The unlawful use of force violence against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce government, the civilian population, or any segment
thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

 United Nation
Any act intended to caused death or serious bodily injury to a
civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in the hostilities in
a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act, by its nature
or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an
international organization to do or abstain from doing any act.

 Philippines Government (RA 9372)

Any person who commits an act punishable under any of the
following provisions of the Revised Penal Code:
 Article 122 (Piracy in General and Mutiny in the High Seas or in the
Philippine Waters)
 Article 134 (Rebellion or Insurrection)
 Article 134-a (Coup d’ Etat), including acts committed by private
persons
 Article 248 (Murder)

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  Article 267 (Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention)
 Article 324 (Crimes Involving Destruction), under
 PD 1613 (Law on Arson)
 RA 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste
Controlling Act of 1990)
 RA 5207 (Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act of 1968)
 RA 6235 (Anti- Hijacking Law)
 PD 532 (Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974)
 PD 1866 as amended (Decree Codifying the Laws on Illegal and
Unlawful Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or
Disposition of Firearms, Ammunitions or Explosives)

Reiteration of the Definition

Thereby sowing and creating a condition of widespread and
extraordinary fear and panic among the populace. In order to coerce
the government to give in to an unlawful demand shall be guilty of the
crime of terrorism and shall suffer the penalty of forty (40) years
imprisonment, without the benefit of parole as provided for under Act no.
4103, otherwise known as the Indeterminate Sentence Law, as amended.

Therefore…
Terrorism involves violence against civilians, with a political or religious
motivation. Terrorist acts are organized so as to attract maximum attention, and
are committed for the purpose of intimidating a group of people, and/or
pressuring a government to do (or not do) something.
In most cases, terrorism is a weapon of small groups, fighting against
governments that are more established and better armed. Because terrorist
organizations guard their secrecy, they no clear target for retaliation, and are
hard to defend against.

ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
 The deliberate evasion of environmental laws and regulations by individuals and
companies in the pursuit of personal and financial benefit.
 The most common types are: Biodiversity, natural resources-related crime, such as
illegal fishing and illegal logging, trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes, toxic
substances, and recyclable materials and illegal dumping of oil and other wastes in
oceans;
Some Environmental Laws
 Republic Act 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
 Republic Act 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
 Republic Act 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
 Republic Act 6969 Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act
of 1990

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ECONOMIC CRIME
 Economic crimes or referred to as “commercial crimes” or “white collar” crimes are illegal
acts that are characterized by fraud, concealment, or a violation of trust and are not
dependent upon the application of threat, physical force or violence.
 It is perpetuated in creative manners which can be classified among, but not limited to
the following:
Example:
 Asset Misappropriation
 Financial Misrepresentation
 False Pretenses
 Corruption and Bribery (racketeering and extortion)
 Money Laundering
 Counterfeiting (product piracy and industrial espionage)

DRUG TRAFFICKING
The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global black market consisting of the
cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs.

CYBER CRIMES
Computer crime, or cybercrime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a
network, where the computers may have played an instrumental part in the commission of a
crime.
Are synonymously referred to as computer crimes, which are characterized by hacking
or unauthorized access to computer systems or networks, or forcibly taking over a computer
network to destroy the system or data, modify data and programs, and stealing information that
can cause disruption to the network for personal gain or political reasons.

Cyber Laws:
 Republic Act No. 8792 or the E-commerce Law was signed into law which punishes
certain crimes such as computer hacking and intrusion of viruses and worms to
computer networks.
 Republic Act No. 8484 or the Access Device Regulation Act was also signed into law to
punish crimes related to credit card fraud.
 Republic Act No. 10175 Cybercrime Prevention Act Of 2012- An Act Defining
Cybercrime, Providing for The Prevention, Investigation, Suppression And The
Imposition of Penalties Therefor and for Other Purposes

ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING OF SMALL ARMS

 Small arms are easy to buy, easy to use, and easy to conceal or transport. Since they
require little maintenance, they can last for decades
 Small arms, but ‘BIG’ problems. They are considered weapons of mass destruction
(WMD) in terms of casualties even in times of peace, - especially during election in the
country.

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MONEY LAUNDERING
o Money laundering is a crime whereby the proceeds of an unlawful activity are transacted
making them appear to have originated from legitimate sources.
o Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, the link between money laundering and
terrorism has become more pronounced as international authorities focus their energy
and expertise on a world-wide effort to combat terrorist financing.

Philippine Definition (AMLA Section 4) (R.A. 9160) is a crime whereby the proceeds
of unlawful activity are transacted, thereby making them appear to have originated from
legitimate sources.

3 Steps to Money Laundering

a. Placement
o Process of moving money from the location of the criminal activity
o Getting currency into the bank, around the reporting system, at home or abroad.
o “Smurfing”

b. Layering
o Involves the frequent series of money transfers and transactions used to “cover
the tracks” of the illegal funds.

c. Integration
o When the money is returned to the regular economy through purchase of
investment.
o The launderer then makes the proceeds available to the criminals in a apparently
legitimate form.

UNIT IV

GLOBAL POLICE COOPERATION

International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)

• The world’s largest international police organization with 192 member countries.
• Founded in Vienna in 1923 and reconstituted in 1946.
• Facilitates cross-border police cooperation, and supports and assists all organizations,
authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime.
• Its role is to enable police around the world together to make the world safer place. Our
high-tech infrastructure or technical and operational support helps meet the growing
challenges of fighting crime in the 21st century.

Vision
"Connecting police for a safer world".

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 Mission:
"Preventing and fighting crime through enhanced international police
cooperation".
All 192 INTERPOL member countries are connected through a secure
communications system known as I-24/7. This gives police real-time access to criminal
databases containing millions of records. Our unique system of Notices is used to alert
member countries to fugitives, dangerous criminals, missing persons or weapons threats

Logo:

Official name and abbreviations

The organization’s official name is “ICPO-INTERPOL”.
 The official abbreviation “ICPO” stands for ‘International Criminal Police Organization’. In
French is “O.I.P.C.”, which stands for “Organisation Internationale De Police Criminelle”.
 The word “INTERPOL” is a contraction of “international police”, and was chosen in 1946
as the telegraphic address. Until 1956, the organization was known as the International
Criminal Police Organization.

The Emblem
The emblem, in use since 1950, comprises the following elements:
 A representation of the globe, to indicate that INTERPOL’s activities are worldwide;
 Olive branches either side of the globe to symbolize peace;
 The name “INTERPOL” below the globe in centre of the olive branches;
 A vertical sword behind the globe, symbolizing police action.
 The abbreviations of “OIPC” and “ICPO” above the globe either side of the sword;
 The scales below the olive branches symbolize justice.
The current emblem of Interpol was adopted in 1950 and according to their website has
the following symbolism:
 the globe indicates worldwide activity
 the olive branches represent peace
 the sword represents police action
 the scales signify justice

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The Flag
The flag has been in use since 1950.
 It has a light-blue background;
 The emblem is in the centre;
 The four lightning flashes arranged symmetrically around the emblem symbolize
telecommunications and speed in police action.

INTERPOL Comprises the ff:

• General Assembly
• Executive Committee
• General Secretariat
• National Central Bureaus
• Advisers
• The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files
*The General Assembly and the Executive Committee form the organization’s Governance.

INTERPOL’S STRUCTURE

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General Assembly
• Supreme governing body, it meets annually and comprises delegates appointed by each
member country.
• Takes all important decisions related to policy, resources, working methods, finances,
activities and programs.
• Also elects the Organization's Executive Committee.
• INTERPOL’s supreme governing body, the General Assembly is composed of delegates
appointed by each member country. It meets annually to take all important decisions
related to policy, resources, working methods, finances, activities and programs.

Executive Committee
• INTERPOL’s select deliberative organ. It comprises:
– president,
– 3 vice-presidents and
– 9 delegates.
Elected by the General Assembly, the Executive Committee is headed by the
President of the Organization. It provides guidance and direction to the Organization and
oversees the implementation of decisions made at the annual General Assembly.

General Secretariat
• Located in Lyon, France, the General Secretariat operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a
year and is run by the Secretary General. The Secretariat has seven regional bureaus
around the world along with Special Representatives at the African Union (Addis Ababa),
the European Union (Brussels) and the United Nations (New York).

Performs the following functions:

o Coordinates the international activities of member countries
o Holds a library of international criminal records, and
o Organizes regular meetings at which delegates can exchange information on police
work.

National Central Bureaus (NCBs) – Each INTERPOL member country maintains a National
Central Bureau linking national police with our global network. Staffed by highly trained national
law enforcement officers, NCBs are the lifeblood of INTERPOL, contributing to our criminal
databases and cooperating together on cross-border investigations, operations and arrests.

Oversights
• Advisers – these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by
the Executive Committee and confirmed by the General Assembly.

• Implementation
Day-to-day implementation of the Organization's strategic decisions is carried out
by the General Secretariat and National Central Bureaus.

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 • Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF) – The CCF ensures that the
processing of personal data – such as names and fingerprints – is in line with
INTERPOL's rules, in order to protect both the fundamental rights of individuals and the
cooperation among police internationally.

INTERPOL’s Four Core Functions

1. Secure Global Police Communications Services
˗ INTERPOL subsequently designed and implemented a state of-the-art global
communications system for the law enforcement community, called “I-24/7”. “I”
stands for INTERPOL; 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

2. Operational Data Services and Databases for Police

˗ A broad range of global databases, incorporating key information such as names
of criminals and suspected individuals, fingerprints, photographs, DNA profiles,
requests for wanted persons, lost and stolen travel documents, stolen vehicles,
and weapons related to criminal cases.

3. Operational Police Support Services

˗ Making available INTERPOL’s know-how, expertise and best practices to all
authorities, services and organizations world-wide.
˗ Support Services also include the collection, analysis and evaluation of
information which INTERPOL’s headquarters receives from its member
countries.

4. Training and Development

˗ Help officials in INTERPOL’s 192 member countries to improve their operational
effectiveness, enhance their skills and build their capacity to address the
increasingly globalized and sophisticated nature of criminality today.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Applicants must:
• Be nationals of one of the Organization's member countries;
• Be 18 years of age or older;
• Meet the requirements for the post as defined in the vacancy notice;
• Have a relevant degree, diploma or appropriate training (for the majority of posts, this
should be at the university level);
• Have previous relevant professional experience;
• Have an excellent command of English; a good knowledge of French is desirable and
sometimes essential for certain posts; some knowledge of the Organization's other
working languages (Spanish or Arabic) is often helpful;
• Indicate the level of command of each language when filling out the Application Form:
• Mother Tongue
• Professional Fluency: Able to converse actively at high level of fluency and
prepare reports and papers.

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 • Working Knowledge: Able to follow work-related discussions, use the telephone,
and understand documents (grammar may be uncertain).
• Limited Knowledge: Able to understand simple conversations and written texts.
• Basic: Some knowledge, but unable to work in the language.
• No skills
• Be able to use modern computer technology;
• Be able to adapt to a multicultural and multilingual working environment;
• Have the ability to work as a member of a team.

The Eight Notices

˗ Red Notice
To seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to
extradition.
˗ Blue Notice
To collect additional information about a person’s identity or activities in relation
to a crime.
˗ Green Notice
To provide warnings and criminal intelligence about persons who have
committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries.
˗ Yellow Notice
To help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are
unable to identify themselves.
˗ Black Notice
To seek information on unidentified bodies.
˗ Orange Notice
To warn police, public entities and other international organizations about
potential threats from disguised weapons, parcel bombs and other dangerous materials.
˗ Purple Notice
To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, objects, devices and
concealment methods used by criminals.

UNITED NATIONS
An international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in
international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights,
and achievement of world peace. It was founded in October 24, 1945 after World War II to
replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for
dialogue.
The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with
further main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. Composed of 193 member states.

• U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt

He coined and was the first to use the name "United Nations", in the Declaration
by United Nations of 1 January 1942, during Second World War.

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Difference between the Official Languages of Interpol and United Nations

PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF UNITED NATIONS

a. General Assembly
o May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states, or suggestions to the
UNSC (not a Parliament)
o decides on the admission of new members, on proposal of the UNSC
o elects the non-permanent members of the UNSC, all members of ECOSOC, on
the proposal of the UNSC the UN Secretary General, and the 15 judges of the
ICJ

When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those
present and voting is required

b. Security Council
o It is incharged with maintenance of peace and security among countries.
o The decisions of the Council are known as United Nations Security Council
resolutions.
o The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent
members–China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States–
and 10 non-permanent members.
o The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms with member states voted in
by the General Assembly on a regional basis.
o The presidency of the Security Council is rotated alphabetically each month.

c. Secretariat
o Located in New York City
o Headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil
servants worldwide.
o It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies
for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the UN Security
Council, the UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and Social Council, and
other UN bodies.

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 d. International Court Of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the primary judicial organ of the United
Nations. Established in 1945 by the United Nations Charter, the Court began work in
1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice.

e. Economic and Social Council

o The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in
promoting international economic and social cooperation and development.
o ECOSOC has 54 members, all of which are elected by the General Assembly for
a three-year term.
o The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst the small or
middle powers represented on ECOSOC. ECOSOC meets once a year in July
for a four-week session.

Qualifications of UN Peacekeepers
Professional Category
• high degree of analytical skills
• communication skills
• substantive expertise and/or managerial leadership ability
• Applicants are required to have a first level university degree from an accredited
university or institution
• An advanced degree may be required for some functions, as specified in the Vacancy
Announcement.
• A combination of relevant academic qualifications and extensive experience may be
accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree.

Field Service Category

Applicants are required to have a high school diploma or equivalent, some positions may
require a technical or vocational certificate.

PARTICIPATION OF PNP PERSONNEL IN U.N. PEACEKEEPING MISSION

PNP Memorandum Circular 2010-007
• “RULES AND PROCEDURES ON THE SELECTION OF THE PNP PERSONNEL FOR
SECONDMENT, DETAIL TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS,
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS AMENDING PNP MEMO CIRCULAR NR. 2009-006,
2007-12 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

UN Special Action Team (UNSAT)

 Age Requirement
Must not be less than 25 years old or not more than 53 years old upon actual
deployment.
 Rank Requirement

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  For Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs): - PSINSP
 For Police Non-commissioned Officers (PNCOs): - PO3
 All applicants must have been appointed in permanent status in their respective present
ranks.
 Service Requirement
Minimum of 5 years of active police service (excluding cadetship, officer
orientation/trainee course, and police basic course)
 Physical Requirement
Passed the latest Physical Fitness Test (PFT) conducted by the PNP DHRDD, as
well as medical, dental, and neuropsychiatric examinations.
 Special Skills Needed
– Computer Literacy Requirement
– Driving Proficiency Requirement
– Unit Recommendation Requirement
Must be recommended by Unit Commanders (Command Group or
Directors of their respective Directorial Staff, National Support Units, or Police
Regional Offices).

Other Requirements
1. Must hold a Performance Evaluation Rating (PER) with a minimum Very Satisfactory
evaluation for two (2) consecutive rating semesters
2. Must not have been repatriated from any previous UN mission for disciplinary reasons.
3. Must not have been convicted of any administrative or criminal offense; have no pending
administrative/criminal cases in any body/tribunal/court.
4. No applicant should be a witness to any administrative/criminal case, especially those
covered by Republic Act 9165, or a summary hearing officer with unresolved cases.

ASEANAPOL
After 24 years, it has grown from 5 police chiefs to a solid force of the ASEAN TEN,
signaling the emergence of a regional alliance that is determined to secure not only our own
individual sovereignties but also the peace and progress of our community.
Member Countries
1. Indonesia
2. Thailand
3. Malaysia
4. Singapore
5. Philippines
6. Vietnam
7. Burma
8. Brunei
9. Cambodia
10. Laos
Objectives of ASEANAPOL

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 1. Enhancing police professionalism
2. Forging stronger regional cooperation in police work
3. Promoting lasting friendship among the police officers of the ASEAN countries

EUROPEAN POLICE OFFICE (EUROPOL)

˗ Europol is the European Union’s criminal intelligence agency. It became fully operational on
1 July 1999.
˗ Europol's aim is to improve the effectiveness and co-operation between the competent
authorities of the member states primarily by sharing and pooling intelligence to prevent and
combat serious international organized crime.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP)

The world's oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police executives,
with over 20,000 members in over 89 different countries. IACP's leadership consists of the
operating chief executives of international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.

UNIT V
SELECTED POLICE MODELS
1. US
2. HONGKONG
3. JAPAN
4. CHINA
5. SINGAPORE
6. MALAYSIA
7. INDONESIA
8. AUSTRALIA
9. GERMANY
10. UNITED KINGDOM
11. RUSIA
12. CAMBODIA
13. THAILAND
14. CANADA
15. TAIWAN

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