CaHKT-neTep6yprCK>1H rocYAapcTseHHblH

Co,qepJKaHHe aneKTpOTeXHl1yeCKI1H YHl1sepcl1TeT

L\en>1 >13aAaY>1 pa60Tbl... . 3

3aAaH>1R Ha KYPcoBoCi paCyeT.. . 4
PeKoMeHAyeMaR nocneAOBaTenbHOCTb BblnOnHeH>1R pa60Tbi 9
OepopMneH>1e KYPcOBoCi pa60Tbi 13
3al1.l>1Ta KYPcOBoCi pa6oTbl. 15
5~16n>1orpaep>1YeCK>1CiCn>1COK 15

PeAaKTOp V1.5.CI1HHWeBa
nH4eH3HR np N2 020617 OT 24.06.98 r ..
MeTOAl<1yeCKl<1eYKa3aHI<1R

nOAnHcaHO K neyam 10. f f. 98. etJopMaT 60x84 1/16. 5yMara T>1n. N2 2. K KYPCOBOH pa60Te
neyaTb oepceTHaR. Ycn.neY.n. O,93.YY.->13A.n. 1,0. no Al1cljl.mnl<1He
T>1paJK 100 3K3. 3aKa3 199
"OCHOBbl r>1APoaKyCH1KI1"
V13AaTenbcKo-nonHrpaep>1yeCK>1H 4eHTp Cn6r3TY (ji3HI)
197376 CaHKT-neTep6ypr, yn. npoep. nonoBa, 5

CaliKT ·neTep6ypr
1998
 8, CnlllcoK IIIcnollb30BaHHoi1 mnepaTypbl.
YAK 534.2-14
COAep~aHllle nOSlcHIIITellbHo~ 3anlllCKIII AOll~HO YAOBlleTBopSlTb Tpe60BaHIIISlM

PacnpoCTpaHeH~e 3ByKa B Mope: MeTO,QlIIyeCKllleYKa3aH~SlK KYPCOBOHpa60Te YeTKOCT~nocTpoeHIIISl III110rlllYeCKO~nocneAOBaTenbHOCTIII 111311o~eHIIISl

MaTeplllalla.
no Aliicl.\lIInll IIIHe "OCHOBbl rIIIAPoaKYCT~KIII"1COCT,: A. r. Ky3bMeHKo. n. A. H~KI1- <t>OpMyllbl, Ta611I11l.\bl,
rpa¢IIIKIII IIIAP., 3a~MCTBOBaHHble 1113
l1~TepaTYPHbiX ~CTOY-
¢OPOB; Cn6r3TY. Cn6 .• 1998. 16 c. HIIIKOB,AOll~Hbl npIIIBO,QIHbCSl
B 3anlllCKe co CCblllKO~ Ha COOTBeTCTBYto~~~~CTOYHIIIK,
nplII o¢opMlleHIIIIII 3anlllCKIII Heo6xOAIIIMO C0611toAaTb npaBllllla, 1113110~eHHble
B
[6]-[7].
PaCCMaTp~BatoTCSl BOnpOCbl paCnpOCTpaHeH~Sl 3ByKa B, MOpe, B rny60Ko~
Mope ~CClle,QyeTcSl Bll~SlH~e pe¢paKl.\~~ Ha Tpa~KTOp~to 3BYKOBbiX llyYe~~
3a~MTa KypCOBOH pa60Tbl
aHall~3~pytoTCSl 3HepreT~YeCK~e xapaKTep~CT~K~ llyYe~ C yyeTOM Bll~SlH~Sl BO,QHOIII
nOBepXHOCT~~ rpyHTa, nplII BOllHOBO,QHOM
pacnpOCTpaHeH~~ 3ByKa B MellKOM Mope KypcoaaSl pa60Ta AOll~Ha 6blTb 3a~~~eHa ee aBTopoM nepeA KOM~CC~eJ4,
paCCY~TblBatoTcSl OCHOBHbleaMnll~TY,QHble xapaKTepIIICT~K~3ByKoBoro nOllSl, npeABap~TellbHo KYpcoBaSl pa50Ta npe,QcTaBllSleTcSl pyKoBo,QIIITellto AllSl npoBepK~,
cnel.\~anbHoCT~ 190400,
npe,QHa3HayeHbI ,QllSlCTY,QeHTOB nOpSlAOK 3a~~Tbl ClleAYto~~~: aBTop KYPCOBO~ pa60Tbi B KpaTKoM ,QoK118,Qe
(npoAoll~~TellbHoCTbto 5- 7 M~Hyr) 111311araeT
OCHOBHblepe3YllbTaTbi pa6oTbi. 3aTeM
411eHbI KOM~CCIII~38,QatoT Bonpocbl no 3a~lII~aeMo~ pa60Te. nOC11e 3TOro BbICTaB-
l1SleTCSl0l.\eHKa no 4-6anllbH0J4 C~CTeMe,
YTBepJKAeHO nplII 3a~IIITe pa6oTblTpe6yeTcSl:
peAaKl.\1II0HHo-~3AaTellbcKIIIM COBeTOMYH~Bepc~TeTa - 3HaTb IIIcxoAHble ypaBHeH~Sl III¢1II3~YeCK~~ CMblC11BxoASl~~X B HIIIXBell~YIIIH;
B KayeCTBe MeTo,Q~4ecKlllxYKa3aH~H
- yMeTb 06ocHoBaTb Aony~eH~Sl III npIll611~~eH~Sl, nplIIHSlTble np~ BbInOllHeH~1II
paCyeTOa;
- ~MeTb npeAcTaalleH~e 0 nepCneKT~BaX ~ nyrSlx yro4HeH~Sl nplIIHSlToH MOAell~
SlBlleHIIIH,

1. Ky3bMeHKo A. r. AKYcTIIIKarny60Koro MOpSl/3Tlt1. Cn6 .• 1992,

2. Ky3bMeHKo A. r, nplIIMeHeHllle BOllHOBO~ Teopllllll K 1113yyeHllltopacnpocTpaHe-
HIIISl3BYK8B M~pe / r3TY. Cn6., 1993.
3. Ky3bMeHKo A. r. 3¢¢eKT~BHOCTb rlllAPOaKYcTIII4ecKlllx cpeAcTB np~Han1141111
nOMex / r3TY. Cn6., 1995,
4, CTawKeBIII4 A. n, AKYcTI1KaMOpSl. n: CYAocTpoeHl1e, 1966.
5, Kne~eB A. A.. KntoK~H lt1. lt1. OCHOBbl r~APOaKYCT~K~. n.: CYAocTpoeH~e,
1987,
6, nOll0~eHl1e 06 OpraHI13al.\l1~ KYPCOBOronpOeKT~pOBaH~Sl B IAHCT~TYTe/nOA
peA. B. lt1. TI1MOXIAHa;n3Tlt1. n,1979,
7. MeTOAlA4eCKI1e YKa3aHI1Sl no BblnOllHeH~to OCHOBHblX yye6HbiX AOKYMeH-
TOB/nOA peA. B. Vl. T~MOXI1Ha;n3Tlt1. n,1981.
 lleml H 3aAalfH pa60Tbl

HOMep npl1 npOeKTl1pOBaHl111 113KcnnyaTa41111 rl1APOaKYCTl1lfeCKI1XCpeACTB He06xOAl1M

cnOH YlfeT pa3H006pa3HbiX epaKTOpOB MOpCKOil cpeAbl, BmmlOll1l1X Ha paCnpOCTpaHeHl1e
aKYCTl1lfeCKI1X Cl1rHanOB. OCHOBHblMI1 113 3Tl1X epaKTOpOB RBnRIOTCR: pacnpeAeneHl1e
CKOpOCTI13ByKa B BOAe no rny6l1He MOpR, nornOll1eHl1e 11paCCeRHl1e 3ByKa B BOAHOil
Macee, nOTepl1 nplo1OTpa)f(eHIo1Io1
OT AHa 101
OT nOBepXHOCTI1 MOpR. Y4eT 3Tl1X epaKTOpOB
He06xOAl1M KaK AnR npaBlo1nbHoro Bbl60pa napaMeTpOB rlo1APoaKYCTl14eCKl1XcpeACTB
(lfaCTOTbl 11epOPMbl Cl1rHana, HanpaBneHHblx CBoilcTB npl1eMHblX 1011013nY4alOll1l1XaH-
TeHH, anrOpl1TMa 06pa60TKl1 Cl1rHanOB 101
TA), TaK 11AnR npOrH03l1pOBaHl1R AanbHOCTI1
AeilcTBI1R rl1APOaKYCTl1lfeCKI1X cpeAcTB 101BepORTHOCTI1 npaBl1nbHOrO 06Hap~eHI1R
npl1HIo1MaeMoillo1HepopMa41111 [1]- (5).
r) .QnR paC4eTa pacnpeAeneHI1H AaBneHI1R 11CKOpOCTI1B MenKOM Mope no rny-
6l1He cnOH: nepe4101CI]eHHble epaKTOpbl MOpCKOil cpeAbl 3aBl1CHT OT pacnpeAeneHI1H 101
113M6-
HeHI1H BO BpeMeHI1 rl1APOnOrl14eCKl1X napaMeTpoB MOpCKOil cpeAbl - TeMneparypbl,
coneHOCTI1, rlo1APocTaTlo14ecKoro AaBneHI1H, BblCOTbl 11epOPMbl BonH Ha nOBepXHOCTI1
MOpH, epOPMbl nOBepXHOCTI1 11cocraBa rpyHTa 11TA B CBR311C 60nbWl1M pa3Ho06pa-
3l1eM 11cnO)f(HOCTblO pacnpeAeneHI1H 11113MeHeHl1Hrl1APOnOrl14eCKl1X napaMeTpoB npl1
pac4eTe 3ByKoBoro nonH B rny60KoM Mope I1CnOnb3YlOTCH npl16nl1)f(eHHble epI13I1KO-
MaTeMaTl14eCKl1e MOAenl1 MOpCKOHcpeAbl. Hal160nbWee pacnpOCTpaHeHl1e nony4l1na
MOAenb cpeAbl B BI1Ae nnOCKonapannenbHblX ropl130HTanbHbiX cnoeB C nOCTOHHHblMI1
3Ha4eHl1HMl1 rpaAl1eHTa CKOpOCTIo1
3ByKa B npeAenax Ka)f(AorO cnOH. B CBH311C TeM, 4TO
MaCWTa6bl HeoAHopoAHOCTeil pacnpeAeneHI1H CKOpOCTI13ByKa 06bllfHO Ha HeCKonbKO
nopRAKOB npeBblwalOT AnI1HY BonHbl 3ByKa, npl1 paC4eTe pacnpOCTpaHeHI1H 3ByKa B
HeOAHopOAHOH MOpCKOil cpeAe B03MO)f(HO Io1cnonb30BaHl1e reOMeTpl14ecKoro npl16nl1-
)f(eHI1R, T.e. paC4eTa aKYCTl14eCKOro nonH no TaK Ha3blBaeMbiM 3BYKOBbiM ny4aM. 3By-
KOsble nY411 MO>KHOonpeAenl1Tb KaK Kpl1Bble, KacaTenbHble K KOTOpblM B Ka)f(AOH T04Ke
6. rpaepl14eCKOe nOCTpOeHl1e pe3ynbTaToB pac4eTa. rpaepl14eCKl1il MaTepl1an COBnaAalOT CHopManHMI1 K BonHOBblM <PPOHTaM. B MenKOM Mope rny6l1Ha h C0Io13M6-
AOn>KeH HarnHAHO 11 nonHOCTblO OTpa>KaTb pe3ynbTaTbi paC4eTos. Ha pl1cyHKe B Ka- plo1MaC Anl1HOil BonHbl 11acneACTBl1e CpaBHI1TenbHO Manoro 113MeHeHIo1H
napaMeTpOB
4eCTBe npl1Mepa AaHa KapTI1Ha pecPpaK41111ny4eil npl1 pacnOnO>KeHI1I1 I1CT04Hl1Ka 3BY- MOpCKOil cpeAbl CKOpOCTb 3ByKa B nepBOM npl-l6ml>KeHl-ll-l 06b/4HO C4l-lTaeTCH nOCTOHH-
Ka Ha rny6l1He, cooTseTcTBylOll1eH MaKCI1MyMy CKOpOCTI1. HOH.

PaCCMOTpeHHble npeAcTaBneHl-lH n03sonHIOT cYll1ecTBeHHo ynpOCTIolTb peWeHl1e

3aAa4, HO OHI1, eCTeCTSeHHO, Henpl1MeHIo1Mbl B Tex cny4aHx, KorAa He06xOAl1M YlfeT
4l1CTO BonHOBblX (HanpI1Mep, Al1eppaK4110HHb1X)HSneHl1il. TaK, nY.'lesble npI16nl-l)f(eHI1R
Henb3R I1CnOnb30saTb AnR pac4eTa Io1HTeHCI.1BHOCTIo1
3ByKosOro nonR S T04Kax nonHoro
BHyTpeHHero OTpa)f(eHl-lR 3ByKa, S T04Kax 1.1Ha nOBepXHOCTI1 cP0KYCI1POBKI13syKa (Ha
TaK Ha3blBaeMbiX KaycTI1Kax).
npl-l pacnpOCTpaHeHl111 ny4eH BcneACTBl1e peeppaK41111S Mope 06pa3YlOTCR 06-
naCTl1, B KOTOpble nY411 He npOHIo1KalOTnpl1 nlO6blX yrnax 113nY4eHl1R l-lCT04HI1Ka, - 06-
naCTl-l TeHI1. Tor,Qa BOAHylO cpeAY no aHanOrl-ll-l C OJlTI1Koil MO>KHOycnOBHO pa3,Qenlo1Tb
Ha ocse~eHHble 30Hbl l-l Ha HeOCBell1eHble.
LjenRMl-l ,QaHHOHKYPCOBOHpa60Tbi RsnRIOTCR:
1 ):1nl1 rny6oKoro MOpR - pac4eT 3syKoBoro nonR nplo1Y4eTe peeppaKl.\l-l>1 3ByKO-
BblX ny4eH, nornollleHI1>J 38yKa B 80Ae 11 nOTepb 3Hepn1l-l 3ByKa npl1 orpa>t<BHl-l1l OT
'pyHTa H OT BOAHO~1 nOBepXHOCH1. OnpeAellflKlTCfl TpaeKTOpl-111 3BYKOBbiX lly4eH, rAe PI - AaBlleHl-1e B T04Ke Ha611KlAeHl-1RHa rny6l-1He Z OT rpyHTa;ZO - BblCOTa 113ny-

OCBell\eHHble 11 HeOCB8ll\8HHbI8
nY4Y C Y4eTOM aHOMalll111 pacnpOCTpaH8Hl1fl,
30Hbl, pacnpeAelleHl-1e I1HT8H01BHOCTl-1no
norllOll\eHl1fl
KalK,QOMy
3H8Pfl111 3ByKa B BOAHOH
4eHI1fl HaA rpYHTOM. R" = ~r2 + ~7,- paCCTOflHl-1e OT I-ro MHI1MOrO l-1CT04Hl-1KaAO 10'11':11

cpeA8, nOTepb 3Heprl111 npl1 OTpa>KeHI1I1OT rpyHTa l-1OT BOAHOH nOBepXHOCTl-1. Ha511KlAeHHfl;

2 B MellKOM Mope - paCyeT aMnlll-1TYAHbIX xapaKTepl1CTl-1K nOllfl npl1 BOllHOBOAHOM ~i1 = 2ih+z - zO; ~i2 =2ih + z + zO; ~j3 =2(i+1)h - Z -ZO; ~i4 = 2(; + 1)h + Zo - z;
(BClleACTBl1e nepeOTpa>KeHl1fl BOllH MelK,Qy rpyHToM 11BOAHOH nOB8pXHOCTbKl) pacnpo- ; - HOMep rpynnbl h - BblCOTa CllOfl BOAbl; VI l-1 V2 - K03epepI14l-1eH..
MHHMblX l-1CT04Hl-1KOB;

CTpaH8Hl-1J.i3ByKa. npl1 3TOM onpeAellflKlTC51 pacnpeAelleHl1fl AaBlleHl1fl l-1KOlle6aTellb- Tbl OTpa>KeHl-1fl no AaBlleHl-1Kl OT rpyHTa 11OT BOAHOH nOBepXHOCTl-1.

HOH CKOpOCTl-1no C8yeHI1Kl BOllHOBOAa l-1 I1X 3aBI1Cl-1MOCTI1OT paCCTOflHl-1fl AO T04~~ YyeT nOmOll\eHl-1R 3ByKa np0I13BOAl-1TCR BBeAeHl1eM cooTBeTcTBYKlll\l-1X Clla-

npl1eMa C yyeTOM noaflot«eHuR 3syKa S SOOHOOcpeoe. raeMblX B nOKa3aTelll1 3KcnOHeHT l-1CXOAR113epOpMyllbl (4).
5. npl-1 paCyeTe nOllR B MellKOM Mope MeTOAOM HopMallbHblX BOllH 4elleco06

3aAaHHR Ha KypCOBOH paC"IeT pa3HO l-1CnOllb30BaTb epopMylly

B 3a,QaHl-1flX Ha KYPCOBOHpaC4eT npl-1HflTbl clleAYKlll\l-1e

Z - rny5l-1Ha OT nOBepXHOCTl-1MOpR;
0503Ha4eHl-1R:
2nj '"
~ = --Ieos
h i=1
aiz' eos aiZOHf)~'i 1'
Zo 11Z1 - rny5l-1Hbl pacnOllO>KeHl-1R l-1CT04Hl-1Kal-1npl1eMHl-1Ka;
rAe a· =(i--.!.~'::' k =k II_(i_-.!.~2(~)2.
h - rny5l-1Ha MOpR;
, _ rOpl-130HTallbHOe paCCTOflHl-1e OT l-1311Y4aTellRAO npl-1eMHl-1Ka;
1 2) h"i V 2) 2h '
Z l-1 Zo - BblCOTbl npl-1eMHI-1Ka1-11-1311YllaTellRHa,Q rpyHToM; r - rOpl-130HTallbHoe paCCTOfl-
fez) - TeMnepaTypa BOAbl Ha rny5l-1He z;

S(Z) - COlleHOCTb SOAbl; Hl-1eAO npl-1eMHI1Ka.

c(z) - BepTl-1KallbHoe pacnpeAelleHl-1e CKOpOCTl-1

3ByKa; l1>a30Bble 1-1rpynnoBble CKOpOCTI-1pacnpOCTpaHRKlll\I-1XCR MOA KOlle5aHl-1H onpe-

f - pa504aR 4aCTOTa; AellRKlTCR l-1CXOAR113AI-1cnepCI-10HHOro ypaBHeHl-1R.

C2, P2 ,11 - CKOpOCTb, nllOTHOCTb l-1K03epepl-14l-1eHTnOTepb 3ByKa B rpyHTe; 6. BpeMR 3aTRrl-1BaHI-1RI-1Mnynbca B BonHOBOAe paCCYI-1TblBaeTcR no Ml-1Hl-1Mallb-
HOMy 11MaKcl-1ManbHoMY 3Ha4eHHl'lM BpeMeHI-1 npOXOlK,QeHI-1l'lCl-1rHana pa311I-1YHbIXMOA
~ l-1~ - cpeAHeKBa,QpaTl-14Hble BblCOTbl HepOBHOCTeH rpyHTa l-1BOAbl;
KOlle5aHl-1H C rpynnosoH CKOpOCTbKl.
n - COAep>KaHl-1eB03Ayxa B npl-1nOBepXHOCTHOMClloe BOAbl.
B 3aAaHl-1RX npeAnOllaraeTCR, 4TO pacnpeAelleHl-1e CKOpOCTl-13ByKa l-1MeeT CllO-
OepopMneHHe KypCOBOH pa60Tbi
l-1CTO-HeOAHopoAHyKl CTpyKTypy. B npeAellax KalK,Qoro CllOR CKOPOCTbMeHfleTCfl no 11l-1-
KypcoBaR pa50Ta OepopMllReTCl'l B BHAe nOl'lCHI-1TellbHOH 3anl-1CKI-105beMoM
HeHHoMy 3aKoHy.
npl-1 .BOllHOBOAHOM pacnpOCTpaHeHl-1l-1 BOllH B MellKOM Mope CKOpOCTb 3ByKa 20...30 C., cOnpOBolK,QaeMOH Heo6xoAHMblMI-1 rpaepI-1KaMl-1. nOl'lCHI-1TellbHaR 3anl-1CKa
AOll>KHa cOAep>KaTb:
C4l-1TaeTCfl nOCTOflHHOH.
1. Tl-1ryllbHblH 11I1CT.
3aAaHHe 1 2. nepeyeHb pa3AenoB 3anHCIrn (co,Qep>KaHl-1e).
nOCTp0l-1Tb KapTl-1Hy peeppaK41-111pacnpoCTpaHeHl-1l'l llyyeH B Mope npl-1 3aAaHHbiX 3. \l!cxo,QHble AaHHbie AllR KYpCOBOHpa50Tbi.
3Ha4eHI-1flX TeMnepaTypbl 1-1COlleHOCTI1 MOpCKOH BOAbl npl-1 paCnOllO>KeHl-1l-1l-1CT04Hl-1Ka 4. \l!3110>KeHl-1eBonpocoB TeOpl-1l-1,BbIBO,Q 1-1050cHoBaHI-1e He05xo,Ql-1MbIX COOT-

3ByKa y nOBepXHOCTl-1l-1Ha my5l-1He MI1HI1MYMa (MaKCl-1MyMa) CKOpOCTl-1.

PaCC4l-1TaTb: HOWeHI-1H.

1) pacnpeAelleHl-1e CKOpOCTI13ByKa no epopMyllaM BYAa l1,Qellb-rpOCCo; 5. Ta611l-14bl C pe3YllbTaTaMI-1 paCyeToB.

npl-1MepHblH BI1A Ta511l-14npl-1Bo,Ql-1TCR
Hl-1>Ke.
2) TpaeKTOpl-1l-111yYeHB Al-1ana30He ymoB l-1311yyeHl-1l'l(-85 ... 85)0 4epe3 50;
a) ,QllR paCyeTa TpaeKTOpl1l1nyYa:
3) epaKTOp aHOMalll-111Alll'l npRMblx l-1OTpa>KeHHbIXllyyei:1;
4) pacnpeAelleHI1e I1HTeHCI1BHOCTI1C yyeTOM epaKTopa aHOMalll1l1, nornoll\eHI1>l 0 0
HOMep (\,Zi ci_1' M/c Ci ljJi-1, ... ljJ" ... Mi, 'w, zw, N N
3Hepnm B BOAe, nOTepb 3Hepfl111 npl1 OTpa>KeHI1I1OT rpyHTa.
CJlO<l M/c M M M
L LV; I t.\z;
napaMeTpbl BOAbl (Bapl1aHTbl 1 112) . 3H8Y8H11>lyaCTOTbl 11nap8MeTPOA IpV'i FI hi i= I
(Bap118HTbl A \.10) npl1BeI:\eHbl B Ta6mll~i1Y ! --- -----
- -_._~.~. - - .-" -- - ---_.-
,qbl. Anfl ,qByxKoMnoHeHTHOH Cpe,qbl nnOTHOCTb H CKOpOCTb HaXO,qflTCfl H3 Bblpa>KeHHH:
BaOHaHT napaMeTObl BOLlbl
P(2) = n 1p B +n 2p '. 1 Z,M 0 5 10 20 40 70 80
(, 0°c 4 6 8 10 8 8 9
S, /00
0 5 7 10 14 16 20
r,qe n1 H n2 - OTHOCHTenbHble 06beMbi B03,qyxa H BO,qbl B cnoe; PB H P - nnOTHOCTH 2 zbM 0 5 7 10 20 50 70
(,oC 24 20 18 14 15 16 16
B03,qyxa H BO,qbl; KB H K - C>KHMaeMOCTH B03,qyxa H BO,qbl. S, /00
30 28 25 25 28 30 30
Anfl paCyeTa H3MeHeHHfl HHTeHCHBHOCTH no nyyy He06xo,qHMO KpoMe epaKTopa
aHOManHH yyeCTb ocna6neHHe 3HeprHH 3ByKa 3a cyeT nOTepb Ha HCTHHHoe nomoUje-
HHe H pacceflHHe B MOpCKOH Bo,qe. CooTBeTCTBYIOUjHH npocTpaHcTBeHHblj;! K03epepH4H- BapHaHT napaMeTpbl 3a,qaHH51

eHT ocna6neHHfl 13 (,q5/KM) MO>KeT 6blTb onpe,qemm ,Qnfl yaCTOTbl t (Kr4) no 3MnHpH- t, Kr4 ~,M c2' M/c P2' Kr/M
J
Tj

YeCKoi1 epopMyne
a 1 0,3 3157 2800 0,1
b 2 0,1 3070 3070 0,02

Ii1cnonb3yfl epopMynbl (1) - (4), Bblpa>KeHHfl,qDfl paCyeTa pacnpe,qeneHHfl HHTeH-

CHBHOCTH 3ByKa no Ka>K,qOMy nyyy MO>KHO npHBecTH K BH,qy

lOlg~(N)/ 10 ]= IOlg AI -201g fi -13fi (5) nOCTpOHTb KapTHHy peeppaK4HH pacnpocTpaHeHHfl nyYeH B Mope npH pacnono-
- ,qDfl yyaCTKOB TpaeKTOpHH ,qo OTpa>KeHHfl nyya OT rpyHTa H >KeHHH HCT04HHKa 3ByKa y nOBepXHOCTH. OnpeAenHTb HeOCBeUjeHHble o6naCTH H Bbl-
,qenHTb B HHX yYaCTKH, oCBeUjaeMble 3a CYeT OTpa>KeHHfl nyYei1 OT AHa MOpfl H BO,qHOH
nOBepXHOCTH . CYHTaTb, YTO Bo,qHafl nOBepXHOCTb npeAcTaBn51eT TOHKHH B03,llyxoHa-
CblUjeHHblH cnOH, nonHOCTblO nornOUjalOlljHH npenOMneHHble nY4H. Pacc4HTaTb:
- ,qDfl yyaCTKOB TpaeKTOpHH nocne OTpa>KeHHfl nyYa OT rpyHTa HnH OT BOAHOH nOBepx-
.. 1) TpaeKTOpHH nyYeH npH 3a,qaHHOM pacnpe,lleneHHH CKOPOCTH B AHana30He yr-
HOCTH.
neBble yaCTH CooTHoweHHi1 (5) H (6), Bblpa>KeHHble B Ae4H6enax, ypOBHH HH- nOB H3nyyeHHfl (0 ... 85)° Yepe3 50;

TeHCHBHOCTH, HOpMHpoBaHHbl8 K HHTeHCHBHOCTH 10 Ha pacCT051HHIit 1 M OT HCT04HHKa. 2) epaKTop aHOManHH Anfl np51Mblx H oTpalKeHHblx nyYeH;

npH 3TOM p AOn>KHO 6blTb Bblpa>KeHO B Ae4H6enax Ha MeTp, a paccTOflHHe r - B MeT- 3) pacnpe,lleneHHe HHTeHCHBHOCTH C yyeTOM epaKTopa aHoManHH, nornolljeHH51

pax. 3HeprHH B BOAe, nOTepb 3HeprHH npH OTpa>KeHHH OT rpyHTa H OT BOAHOI1 nOBepxHocTH.

4. nocne onpeAeneHHfl ypoBHeH HHTeHCHBHOCTIit BAonb Ka>K,qOrO H3 nyYeH He- PacnpeAeneHHe CKOpOCTH no rny6HHe (BapHaHTbl 1 H 2), 4aCTOTa H napaMeTpbl

06xoAHMO nOCTpOlitTb nHHHH paBHoi1 HHTeHCHBHoCTH, onpe,qenfllOlljHe 06nacm paBHo- rpyHTa (BapHaHTbl a H b ) npHBeAeHbl B Ta6nH4ax ..

BepoflTHoro 06HapY>KeHHfl 4enH. nHHHH paBHoH HHTeHCI1BHOCTH coeAHHfllOT TOYKH aKY-

CTHyeCKOrO nonfl C paBHblMH ypOBHflMH B Ae4H6enax. Bapl1aHT PacnpeAeneHHe cKopocm

nOCKOnbKY B pe3ynbTaTe paCyeTOB ypOBHH HHTeHCI1BHOCTH nonyyeHbl B AHC- 1 Z,M 0 10 15 30 40 70 100 150

KpeTHblx TOYKaX Ha nepeCeYeHHH ny4eH C rpaHH4aMl1 cnoeB, npH nocTpoeHHH nHHHH C, M/c 1470 .1480 1485 1480 1485 1490 1495 1500
paBHOH HHTeHCHBHOCTI1 AonycTI1Ma nHHeHHafl HHTepnonfl4l1fl ypoBHeH Me>K,qy coce,q- 2 Z,M 0 5 10 13 30 70 100 -
HI1MH ny4aMH no rpaHH4e enoeB. nHHHH paBHOH I1HTeHCI1BHOCTH HaHOCflTCfl B 06nac- c, M/C 1500 1495 1480 1480 1485 1490 1500 -
TflX, rAe cyUjecTBylOT TonbKO na,qalOUjHe HnH TOnbKO OTpa>KeHHble nY4H.
B MenKOM Mope B cny4ae BonHoBo,qHOro pacnpOCTpaHeHl1fl 3ByKa npH paC4eTe nonfl
BapHaHT napaMeTpbl 3a,qaHI151
MeTOAOM MHHMblX HCT04HHKOB MO>KHO Bocnonb30BaTbC51 epopMynOI1
J
.~------
t, Kr4 112, M P 2' Kr/M C2' M/c 'l n, %
~ ( )i[exp (JkRi]) , exp (JkRi2) exp (JkRi3) exp (JkRi4)] -_._"
?I=L. V1V2 -----+vJ----+V2---·-+VlV2-~-~' a 2 0,05 1780 3010 0.1 0,1
;=0 Ri] RiZ Ri3 Ri4
b 1,5 0,1 2800 5010 0,05 0,05
--
 3a.oaHI-1e 3 CKonb)t(eHI151. K03cjJepl11..\I1eHT oTpa)t(eHI-151 no AaBneHI1IO, Y'-lI1TbIBalOll\l1~ nomOll\eHl1e B
nOCTp0l-1Tb KapTI-1Hy pecjJpaKl..\l-11-1pacnpocTpaHeHI-151 nY'-le~ B Mope npl-1 pacnono- rpyHTe (cnoe), Mo)t(eT 6blTb onpeAeneH C nOMoll\blO epopMynbl
)t(eHVIVI VlCTQ'lHI-1Ka 3ByKa Ha ypoBHe MaKcl-1MyMa CKOpOCTVI. OnpeAenl-1Tb HeOCBell\eH-
Hble 06naCTVI 1-1BblAenl-1Tb B HI-1Xy'-laCTKI-1, OCBell\aeMble 3a C'-IeT OTpa)t{eHI-151 nY'-le~ OT
AHa OI<eaHa VI BOAHO~ nOBepXHOCTI-1 . PaCC'-IIHaTb:

1) TpaeKTOpVlVl nY'-le~ B AI-1ana30He yrJlOB 1-13ny'-leHVl51(-85 ... 85)0 '-Iepe3 50;

2) cjJaKTop aHOManVlVl An51 np51Mblx 1-1oTpa)t(eHHblx nY'-le~;
3) pacnpeAeneHVle I-1HTeHCI-1BHOCTI1C Y'-leTOM cjJaKTopa aHOManl1l1, nomoLl..\eHI151
rAe m=pip - OTHOWeHl-1e nnoTHocTe~ rpyHTa 11BOAbl; C 11 C2 - CKopoCTI1 3ByKa B BOAe
3Heprl-11-1B BOAe, nOTepb 3Heprl111 npl1 oTpa)t(eHI1I1 OT rpyHTa B BOAHO~ nOBepXHOCTI1.
PacnpeAeneHl1e CKOPOCTI-1no my611He ( Bapl1aHTbl 1 1-12 ), '-IaCTOTa 11 napaMeT- 11 B rpyHTe (B03AyxoH~onHeHHoM cnoe); Tj - K03epepl1411eHT nOTepb 3ByKa B rpyHTe (B

pbl rpyHTa (Bapl1aHTbl a 11b ) npl1BeAeHbl B Ta6nl1l..\ax. cnoe); <Jlr yron CKonb)t(eHI151 ny'-la y rpyHTa (y cno51).

<t>opMyna (3) nony'-leHa B npeAnono)t(eHI1I1 OTCYTCTBI151 CABl1roBO~ ynpyrocTI1 y

Bapl1aHT PacnpeAeneHl-1e CKopOCTI1
rpyHTa, T.8. An51 BOAonoA06Horo rpyHTa. KBaApaT MOAyn51 K03epepl141-1eHTa oTpa)t(eHH51
1 Z,M 0 10 20 30 80 120 200 500 Mo)t(eT 5blTb nony'-leH nocne npe05pa30BaHI151 epopMynbl (3) 113 cneAYIOll\I1X COOTHO-
C, M/c 1460 1450 1455 1445 1460 1470 1460 1450 WeHI1~:
f-.---.
2
C,
Z,M
M/c 1490° 1485
15
1495
35 70
1480
100
1500 1490
300 600
1480
1000
1480

apl1aHT napaMeTpbl 3aAaHI-151

3
f, KII..\ 112, M P2' Kr/M C2 ' M/c Tj
~, M

a 1 0,10 2000 2600 0,1 0,05

b 2 0,05 1500 1700 0,2 0,Q3

3a.oaHVle 4
nOCTpOI1Tb KapTI1Hy peeppaKl..\l-11-1pacnpocTpaHeHI151 ny'lei1 B Mope npl1 Hanl-1'-1l1V1
Cfl051 CKa'lKa B pacnpeAeneHVlI1 CKOPOCTI1 3ByKa. OnpeAenl1Tb nepBylO 11 BTOpylO OCBe-
ll\eHHble 30Hbl. BblAenl1Tb 06naCTI1, nOACBe'-leHHble 3a C'-IeT OTpa)t(eHHbIX OT AHa
K03epepVll..\l1eHT oTpa)t(eHI151 no AaBfleHI1IO, CB513aHHbli1 C He3epKanbHbiM paCCe51Hl1eM
OKeaHa nY'-le~. PaCC'-II1TaTb:
Ha HepoBHoi1 nOBepXHOCTI1 rpyHTa (BOAHOi1 nOBepXHOCTI1), onl5eAen5'leTC5'I CooTHowe-
1) TpaeKTOpl-111 nY'le~ npl1 3aAaHHbix pacnpeAeneHl111 CKOpOCTI1 VI rny611Hax pac·

nOfiOlKeHVl51 I1CTO'lHI-1Ka z' ° 1-1Z"O B AI1ana30He ymoBI13fly'-leHI-151 (-85 ... 85)0 '-Iepe3 50;
HVleM Anl1Hbl
2
BonHbl 3ByKa K cpeAHeKB3ApaTI1YHoi1
- ,
BblCOTe HepOBHocTei1 rpyHTa ~: k; =
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3) pacnpeAefleHl1e I-1HTeHCI1BHOCTI1C y'-leToM epaKTopa aHOMan1111, nomoll\eHVlF (BOAHOi1 nOBepXHOCTI1)_

3Heprl11-1 B BOAe, nOTepb 3Heprl-11-1npl1 oTpa)t(eHI-1I1 OT rpyHTa 11OT BOAHOi1 nOBepXHOCTI-1. npl1 3HayeHI-15'1X napaMeTpa P3ne51 R,I >0,5 cneAyeT BocnOflb30BaTbC51 epOpMy-
PacnpeAeneHl1e CKOpOCTVI no rny611He ( Bapl-1aHTbl 1 1-12 ), '-I8CTOTa 1-1n ••paMeT· no~ AI1epcjJy3HOro paCCe51HI151: is = i 0 cos (<Jl2)' rAe Js- I1HTeHCI1BHOCTb pacce51HtWrV
pbl rpyHTa (BapVlaHTbl a VI b ) npl1BeAeHbl B Ta6nVll..\ax:
nOfl51; JO - I1HTeHCI1BHOCTb nOfl51 naAalOll\ei1 BOflHbl.
BapVlaHT PacnpeAeneHl1e CKOPOCH1
Pe3ynbTl1pYIOll\I-1~ K03epepl11..\I1eHT OTpa)t(eHI15'1 3ByKa no I1HTeHCI1BHOCTI1 paBeH
- --~1 -
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I 1510 1~5~0 l1~4.5 i. ~:'J30 11:'J20:
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1510!1515 1
--
npOVl:J8eAeHI11O KBaApaTOB MOAyflei1, onpeAeneHHblX no AaBIleHI-1IO: k,f = 1/<121/<12.
2 'z. M : 0 . 10 I 20 I 30 -- 30 : 50 I 80 '1')(11 150 ? KCJ3CpepI1l-\l1eHT OTpa)t{eHI151 B03Ayx03anOflHeHHoro cnOR y nOBepXHOCTI1 BOAbl
e, M'C! 1.160 1455 145!J 1.1,\5 1.1'15' lMjn ' 1.17C' 1.; ).Isr: ,1 paCC'lIHbIBcJeTC51 11CXOAR 113 pa3HI1l-\bl YAenbHblX BonHOBblX COnpOTI1BneHI1i1 cnOR 11 Bo-
 BapVlaHT llapaMeTpbl3aAaHVlH
----_.~
t, Krl\
~, M P2' Kr/M
J
c2, M/C '1 Z'O' M Z"O' M
--
I-U i-u a 1 0,2 3000 3237 0,01 0 40
CflOU b 0,5 0,1 2560 1800 0,1 0 30
CflOU

npVl nocTpOeHHI1 nyYeH,
YYVlTblBaTb TonbKO 3epKanbHo
HI1H, paBHbJe ymaM n3AeHI1H.
noene nOCTpOeHI1H TpaeKTOpl1H 3BYKOBbiX nyYeH np0l13BeCTI1 paCyeT ¢aKTopa
3aAaHVle 5
1l0CTPOVlTb KapTVlHy pe¢paKl\VlVl pacnpocTpaHeHVlH ny4efi B Mope npVl pacnono
)KeHI1VlVlCT04HVlKa3ByKa Ha ypoBHe MI1HVlMYMaCKOpOCTl1.OnpeAenl1Tb HeOCBelljeHHbie
06naCTl1 l1 BblAenHTb B Hl1X Y4aCTKH, OCBe14aeMble 3a CyeT OTpa)KeHHbIX OT AHa MOpH
OTpa)KeHHbIX OT rpyHTa IiInlil OT BOAHOH nOBepXHOCTH,
nyyefi. PaCCYHTaTb:
OTpa)KeHHblenYYI1, ·T.e. nYYIiI, I1MelOlljl1e ymbl OTpa)Ke-
1) TpaeKTOpl1H nyYefi npl1 3aAaHHoM pacnpeAeneHl1H CKOpOCTl1B AVlana30He yr-
nOB Vl3nyyeHHH (-85 ... 85)0 4epe3 50;

aHOMan1111no Ka)K,qoMy nyyy. ¢aKTOpOM aHOManl111 Ha3bIBaeTCH OTHoweHlile I1HTeHCI1B- 2) ¢aKTop aHOManVlVl AnH npHMblx H OTpa)KeHHb!X nyYefi;

HOCTIiI3ByKa B 6e3rpaHI1YHOH OAHOpOAHOH CpElAe npl1 0AI1HaKOBOM paCCTOHHl111OT l1e- 3) pacnpeAeneHHe HHTeHCVlBHOCTVl
C yyeTOM ¢aKTopa aHOManl1l1, nornolljeHHH
TOYHI1Ka. ¢aKTop aHOMan1111B N-enoHHoH MOAenl1 cpeAbi (OTHOCI1TenbHO l-1CTOYHl1Ka 3Heprl1l1 B BOAe, nOTepb 3HeprVlVl npVl OTpa)KeHVlVlOT rpyHTa.

3ByKa) MO)KeT 6bITb paCCYl1TaH no ¢opMyne PacnpeAeneHl1e CKOpOCTVlno rny6VlHe ( Bapl1aHTbl 1 Vl 2 ), yaCTOTa l1 nopaMeT-
pbl rpyHTa ( Bapl1aHTbl a Vl b ) npVlBeAeHbl B Ta6nVll\a.x.

Bapl-1aHT PacnpeAeneHl1e CKOpOCTVl

1 Z,M 0 20 40 I 75 200 700 I 2000 4000
C, M/C 1410 1430 1440 1440 1420 1450 1460 1450
;;: Z,M 0 15 45 60 120 400 700 -
N
rAe r = I t<.r; - ropl130HTanbHoe paCCTOHHl1e OT l13nyyaTenH AO TOYKl1Ha6nIOAeHl1H;
C, M/C 1480 1470 1460 1480 1490 1500 1490 -
i~1
BapVlaHT llapaMeTpbl33AaHVlH
j
_------.
..
t, Krl\ 112. M P2' Kr/M C2' M/C lj

a 1,5 0,03 2300 2500 0,05

(R - paCCTOHHl-1eOT l13nyyaTenH AO TOYKI1Ha6nIOAeHl1H); CjJN - yron CKOnb)KeHl1H nyya b 2 0,02 1700 1800 0,1

npl1 BblXOAB 113 noeneAHero enOH , I1MBlOlljero l-1HAeKCN .

,[VlH YA06cTBa AanbHeHwero
peBOAHT B Ael\l-16enbl:
3aAaHVle 6
aHanl-13a nonyyeHHble 3HaYBHl1H ¢aKTopa aHOManl-1l1 ne-
nOCTpOVlTb KapTVlHy pe¢paKl\VlVl pacnpocTpaH811Hfl nyYefi B Mope. OnpeAenVlTb
nepBylO Vl BTOpylO OCBelljeHHbie 30Hbl. BblAen:.1Tb nOACBeyeHHbie 06naCTVl 3a C4eT OT-
pa)KeHHblX OT AHa MOpH nyYeH. PaCCYVlTaTb:
1) TpaeKTOpVlVl nyYeH npVl 3aAaHHbiX pacnpeAeneHl111 CKOpOCTI1Vl rny6VlHax pac-

IlPI1 paC4eTe K03¢¢l1ljl1eHTa OTpa)l(eHI1H 3ByKoBoro nyya OT rpyHTa I1nl1 OT z'O Vl Z"O B AVlana30He ymoBI13nY4eHI1H
nOnO)KeHVlHVlCTOYHVlKa (-85 ... 85)() 4epe3 50;
BOAHOH nOBepXHOCTI1 He06xOAI1MO Y411TbiBaTb nOTepl1 3BY~OBOH3Hepml1, CBH3aHHbie C
2) ¢aKTop aHOManVlV1AnH npHMblx V1OTpa)KeHHbIX nY"eH:
norn014eHl-1eM B rpyHTe, 11nOTepl1 Ha He3epKanbHoe OTpa)KeHl1e OT HepOBHOH nOBepx-
3) pacnpeAeneHl-1e Io1HTeHCI1BHOCTVl
C Y"eToM ¢aKTopa aHOManHI1, norno14eHI1R
HOCTI1rpyHTa IiInl1 aT BOAHOH nOBBpXHOCTI1.
3HeprVllo1B BOAe. nOTepb 3Heprlo111nplo1OTpa)K8HIo1I1
aT rpyHTa 11OT BOAHOi'i 1l0BepXHOCTH.
llepBblH BI1A nOTepb onpeAen51eTCR COOTHOweHl1eM aKyCTI1'-WCKVlXBOflHOBblX
PacnpeAeneHJ.1e CKOPOCTVlno rny6VlH8 ( BapJ.13HT.bj1 112 ), ,,<JCTOTaH ndpaMeT-
COnpOTI1BneHI1H BOAbl 11 rpyHTa (BOAbl 11 B03AYX03anOIlHeHHoro CIlOR), K03¢¢VlljVleH-
pbl rpyHTa (Bapl1aHTbl a H b ) npl1BeA8Hbi B Ta6nl1l\ax.
TOM nOTepb 3ByKOBOi'i 3Heprl111 B rpyHTe (B B03AyxOHanonHeHHOM GIloe) Vl yrnoM
 PeKOMeH,qyeMall nocne,qoBaTenbHocTb BblllonHeHHll pa60Tbl
Bapl-laHT PacnpeAeneHHe CKOpOCTI-I
1. nOCTp0I-lTb pacnpeAeneHl-le CKOpOCTI-Ino rny61-1He c(z) B BHAe nOMaHoH nH-
1 Z,M 0 20 100 300 2000 5000
HI-II-l,COCTOllUjeH 1-13OTpe3KOB npllMblX. OnpeAenl-lTb rpa,Ql-leHT CKOpOCTI-lG Anll Ka>KAO-
c, M/c 1540 1510 1500 1490 1500 1540
ro cnOll G(VcNz), rAe V'c - 1-13MeHeHl-le CKOPOCTI-IB npeAenax cnOll; V'z - TonUjI-lHa
2 Z,M 0 35 110 350 1500 3000
cnOll. npl-I 3a,QaHHbIX 3HayeHHllX TeMneparypbl 1-1coneHOCTI-I CKOpOCTb paCCYI-ITblBaeT-
c, M/c 1500 1470 1460 1450 1470 1500
Cll no (jJopMyne BYAa:

Bapl-laHT napaMeTpbl 3aAaHI-I1l c==1450 + 4,206t - 0,0366f + 1,137(8-35)+ 0,0175h

J I-l no (jJopMyne .Qenb-rpOCCo:
f, Kr4 hz, M P2' Kr/M c2' Mlc 11 Z'O' M Z"O' M
3
c:: 1448,6+ 4,618t- 0,0523F + O,OO023t + 1,25(S - 35)- O,011(S - 35)t+
a 2 0,08 2200 2750 0,1 0 300 5 7
+ O,0027.10- (S - 35)r4 - -2.10- (S - 35)4(1+ 0,5771- 0,0072 F).
b 3 0,04 1500 1700 0,2 0 350
.2. no 3HayeHl-lIO MaKCI-IManbHOro rpa,QHeHTa CKOpOCTHnonyYeHHoro pacnpe,Qe-
38l\aHl-le 7 neHlfll 1-1pa60YeH yaCTOTbl onpeAenl-lTb B03MO>KHOCTbI-ICnOnb30BaHHll nyYeBoro npH-
B nOABoAHOM BonHoBoAe (>KI-IAKI-IHcnoH TonUjI-lHOH h Ha >KeCTKOMAHe) Ha rny- 6nH>KeHI-ISl. npl-lMeHI1MOCTb nyYeBoro npl16nl1>KeHI-ISlnpOBepl1Tb no HepaBeHcTBy
61-1HeZo Haxo,qI-lTC5I I-lCTOYHJ.1K
3ByKa. PaCCYI-ITaTb, nonb3Yllcb MeTo,QoM MHI-IMblX I-ICTOY-

HI-IKOB(I-Inl-l MeToAoM HopManbHblx

paCCTOllHl-I1-Ir:
1) pacnpeAeneHl-le AaBneHl-Ill
BonH) Anll TOYKI-IHa6IiIOAeHI-I1l, pacnOnO>KeHHOH Ha

110TonUjI-lHe cnOll;
IA~~JH~JJ>I'
rAe A - Anl-lHa BOnHbl.
2) pacnpeAeneHl-le HopManbHoH 1-1KacaTenbHoH cocTaBnlllOUjI-lX Kone6aTenbHoH
3. ,Qnll 3a,QaHHoro yrna 1-13nyYeHI-Ill 'Po 1-1rny61-1Hbl norpY>KeHl-Ill Zo paCcYI-ITaTb
CKOpOCTI-Ino TonUjI-lHe cnOll;
3) 1-l3MeHeHl-le AaBneHl-Ill OT paCCTOllHl-Ill (B Ae41-16enax) Aflll I-ICTOYHI-IKa3ByKa TpaeKTOpl-l11 3BYKOBbiX nyYeli. npl1 nOCTpOeHl111TpaeKTOpl-lH onpe,qenllIOTcll: rop1-l30H-

eAHHI-IYHOHaMnnl-lTYAbl; TanbHoe paCCTOllHl-le, npOXOAI1MOe nyYoM B Ka>KAOMcnoe I1nl1 ero YaCTI-I C nOCTOllH-
HblM rpa,Ql-leHTOM CKOpOCTI-I
4) 3HayeHI-I1l ¢a30Bblx 1-1rpynnoBblx CKopocTeH pacnpocTpaHlllOUjI-lXCll MOA (Aflll
MeTo,qa HopManbHblx BonH); !J.r.. = !J.zi
5) BpeM1l3aTllrl-lBaHI-I1l I-IMnynbca. I tg [('Pi + 'PH)/ 2]'
PaCyeTbl npOBeCTI-I 6e3 yyeTa 1-1C yyeTOM nornoUjeHl-Ill 3ByKa B BOAe. CKOpOCTb rAe 'P i-1 1-1'P i - yrnbl npl-I BxoAe B i-Ii cnOH 1-1Bb/xoAe
CKOnb>KeHI111 nyYa 1-13i-ro cnOll.
3ByKa B BOAe npl-IHllTa paBHoH 1500 M/c. nOnO>KeHl-le I-ICTOYHI-IKa3ByKa zO== 0; 0,2h;
npl-I HaX0>KAeHI-II-II-ICTOYHI-IKaBHYTPI-I cnOll nOA 'P i-1 nOHI-IMaeTCSl HayanbHblH yron 1-13-
O,4h; 0,6h; 0,8h; h.
nyyeHl-Ill 'PO; !'.Ii - paCCTOllHl-le OT I1CTOYHI-IKaAO rpaHl14b1 cnOll.
BblCOTa cnOll MOpCKOH BOAbI, yaCTOTa Kone6aHI-IH, paCCTOllHl-le Ao TOYKI-I Ha-
r··
6nlOAeHI-I1l ( BapHaHTbl 1H2) I-l MeTOA paCyeTa ( BapHaHTbl M 1-1H ) npl-IBeAeHbl B Ta6- npl-IHllTo" CYI-ITaTb, YTO yrnbl CKOnb>KeHl-IllSlBnlllOTCll nOnO>KI-ITenbHbIMI-I, ecnl-l OHI-I

nl-l4ax. OTCYI-ITblBalOTCll OT ropl-l30HTanl-l B rny6b MOpll (no YacoBoli CTpenKe). npl-I ABI1>KeHI-II-I
oyya K nOBepXHOCTI-I npl-lpaUjeHi111 !'.Ii OTHOCI1TenbHO rny61-1Hbl HaXo>K,qeHI111I-ICTOYHI-IKa

Bapl-laHT napaMeTpbl 3a,QaHHll Zo CYI-ITalOTCll OTpl-l4aTenbHblMI-I.

h,M f, KrLj r1 ,M r2' M r3' M r4' M (5' M B cnyyae nOCTollHHOro rpa,Ql-leHTa CKOpOCTI-I3ByKa (pI-lCyHOK) yyaCTKI-I TpaeKTO-
1 20 0,2 100 500 1000 5000 10000 pHH nyYa npeAcTaBolllOT pa,QI-lYca P j= ci_1 IGj x
c0601i OTpe3KI-I OKPY>KHOCTI-I
2 15 0,3 70 70 1500 7000 15000
"cos <Pi-l C KooPAHHaTaMI-I 4eHTpa r 4' i == - ci_1 Ig 'Pj-1 /Gi H z4 i == -ci_1 /Gj, rAe Gi:: (ei-
- c;_l) /i\Zi -rpaAMeHT 3ByKa i-ro cnOll TOnUjI-lHoli !1zi'
CKOpOCTI-1

Ecol-1 nyy S cnoe HcnblTblsaeT non Hoe sHyTpeHHee OTpa>KeHl-1e, TO cMeUjeHHe no

OC,1 ( paSHo Vj= 2Pi sin 'Pi-l .

:Iron CKOJlbll<eHHq ny'j<l npl1 SblXOAe 1-13CJlOq onpeAeoqercq 00 3al<OHY CHeJlml