regulatory and executive tasks in the field of civilian aviation safety. Based in Cologne, Germany, the EASA was created on 15 July 2003, and it reached full functionality in 2008, taking over functions of the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA). European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries have been granted participation in the agency. The responsibilities of EASA include to conduct analysis and research of safety, authorising foreign operators, giving advice for the drafting of EU legislation, implementing and monitoring safety rules (including inspections in the member states), giving type-certification of aircraft and components as well as the approval of organisations involved in the design, manufacture and maintenance of aeronautical products. The JAA was headquartered at Hoofddorp, North Holland. One difference between EASA and JAA is that EASA has legal regulatory authority within the European Union (EU) through the enactment of its regulations through the European Commission, Council of the European Union and European Parliament, while most of the JAA regulatory products were harmonised codes without direct force of law. Also, some JAA nations such as Turkey were outside the EU whereas by definition, EASA is an agency of the EU and other nations adopt its rules and procedures on a voluntary basis. InEurope, Aircraft Maintenance Certifying Personnel have to comply to Part-66 Certifying Staff of the EASA. Part-66 was based on the older JAR system and the required training level followed the ATA 104 system. There are 3 levels of authorisation: • Category A (Line Maintenance Mechanic) • Category B1 (Mechanical) and/or B2(Avionics) (Line Maintenance Technician): • Category C (Base Maintenance Certifying Engineer) Basic A category License + Task Training (Level depends on Task Complexity) + Company Certification Authorization for specific Tasks ("A category A aircraft maintenance licence permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the authorisation. The certification privileges shall be restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in a Part-145 organisation"), Basic B1/B2 category License + Type Training (i.e. Line and Base Maintenance I.A.W. Part-66 Appendix III Level III) + Company Certification Authorization "a category B1 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following maintenance, including aircraft structure, powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems. Replacement of avionic line replaceable units, requiring simple tests to prove their serviceability, shall also be included in the privileges. Category B1 shall automatically include the appropriate 'A' subcategory", a Category B2 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following maintenance on avionic and electrical systems" Basic C category license + Type Training (Line & Base Maintenance i.a.w. Part-66 Appendix III, Level III for the first Type Rating and Part-66 Level I training for subsequent Aircraft Types of similar technology, otherwise Level III training) + Company Certification Authorization a category C aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. The privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety in a Part-145 organisation A significant difference between the US and the European systems is that in the United States, aircraft maintenance technicians (Part 65 Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics) are permitted to work under their own certificates and approve their own work for return to service. European Part 66 certificate holders are required to perform their functions under the aegis of a Part 145 organisation for Transport Category and Large (MTOM>5700 kg) Airplanes. The part 145 organisation in the EASA system has the authority to approve for return to service. Many non-European countries have been moving toward the European approach, most notably Canada To obtain approval to be an aeronautical repair station, an organisation must write, submit and keep updated a Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE). To support their MOE they must have a documented set of procedures. Thirdly the organisation must have a compliance matrix to show how they meet the requirements of Part-145. EASA Part-M consists of several subparts. The noteworthy subparts are F (Maintenance for aircraft below 5700 kg in non commercial environment), G (Continuing Airworthiness Management Organization = CAMO, coordinating the compliance of aircraft with maintenance program, airworthiness directives and service bulletins) – the airworthiness code is available on the EASA website ([easa.europa.eu]) in the regulations section. Togo with Part-66 on the issuing of licenses is the larger area of setting up and gaining approval for a training school for aircraft mechanics. Part-147 governs the larger situation of establishing such a training school. Design Organisation means an organisation responsible for the design of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, auxiliary power units, or related parts and appliances, and holding, or applying for, type-certificates, supplemental type- certificates, changes or repairs design approvals or ETSO Authorisations. A design organisation holds DOA (Design Organisation Approval) or, by way of derogation, Alternatives Procedures to DOA. A DOA-List enlisting all companies holding DO Approval with their capabilities can be downloaded from the EASA web-site. Part 21 requirements for Design Organisation Approvals and Production Organisation Approvals, as described in Regulation (EC) 1702/2003 on 'Implementing Rules' A part built for an aircraft can be certificated with an EASA Form One as approved for a particular aircraft type once it has been installed as prototype to an aircraft and has been certificated by a Design Organisation with a Minor Change Approval, a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) or a Type Certificate (TC). On 28 September 2003, the EASA took over responsibility for the airworthiness and environmental certification of all aeronautical products, parts, and appliances designed, manufactured, maintained or used by persons under the regulatory oversight of EU Member States. The Certification work also includes all post-certification activities, such as the approval of changes to, and repairs of, aeronautical products and their components, as well as the issuing of airworthiness directives to correct any potentially unsafe situation. All type-certificates are therefore now issued by the EASA and are valid throughout the European Union. It also carries out the same role for foreign organisations involved in the manufacture or maintenance of such products. The EASA relies on national aviation authorities who have historically filled this role and concludes contractual arrangements to this effect. General JAR-1 Amendment 6, 1 Definitions and November 2004 Abbreviations JAR-11 Amendment 1, 1 JAA Regulatory and November 2004 Related Procedures Operations JAR-STD 1A Amendment 3, 1 July JAR-OPS Part 1 Amendment 13, 1 May Aeroplane Flight 2003 Commercial Air 2007 Simulators Transportation JAR-STD 2A 1st issue: 1 July 1999 (Aeroplanes) Aeroplane Flight Training JAR-OPS Part 1 Amendment 14, 1 May Devices Commercial Air 2008 eff JAR-STD 3A Change 1: 1 June 1999 Transportation 16 July 2008 Flight and Navigation (Aeroplanes) Procedures Trainers JAR-OPS Part 3 Amendment 5, 1 July 2 Commercial Air 007 JAR-STD 4A 1st Issue, 1 May 2002 Transportation Basic Instrument Training (Helicopters) Devices JAR-FSTD A Initial Issue, 1 May JAR-STD 1H 1st issue, 1 April 2001 Aeroplane Flight 2008 eff 01 Aug 2008 Helicopter Flight Simulation Training Simulators Devices JAR-STD 2H 1st issue, 1 September JAR-FSTD H Initial Issue, 1 May Helicopter Flight Training 2003 Helicopter Flight 2008 eff 01 Aug 2008 Devices Simulation Training JAR-STD 3H 1st Issue, 1 May 2002 Devices Helicopter Flight JAR-26 Amendment 3, 1 Simulators Additional December 2005 JAR-MMEL/MEL Amendment 1, 1 August Airworthiness Minimum Master 2005 Requirements for Equipment List /Master Operations Equipment List Licensing JAR-FCL 1 Amendment 7, 1 Flight Crew Licensing December 2006 (Aeroplane) JAR-FCL 2 Amendment 6, 1 Flight Crew Licensing February 2007 (Helicopter) JAR-FCL 3 Amendment 5, 1 Flight Crew Licensing December 2006 (Medical) JAR-FCL 4 Amendment 3, 1 Flight Crew Licensing September 2005 (Flight Engineers) Airworthiness JAR-66 Amendment 2, 1 Certifying Staff February 2007 JAR-21 Amendment 7, 1 JAR-145 Amendment 7, 1 Certification Procedures February 2007 Approved Maintenance February 2007 for Aircraft, Products Organisations and Related Parts JAR 147 Amendment 3, 1 JAR-22 Amendment 9, 1 Maintenance Training February 2007 Sailplanes & Powered February 2007 Organisations Sailplanes JAR-APU Amendment 5, 1 JAR-23 Amendment 3, 1 Auxiliary Power Units February 2007 Normal, Utility, February 2007 JAR-AWO Amendment 4, 1 Aerobatic and All Weather Operations February 2007 Commuter Category JAR-E Amendment 14, 1 Aeroplanes Engines February 2007 JAR-25 Amendment 20, 1 JAR-M Initial Issue, December Large Aeroplanes December 2007 Continuing Airworthiness 2007 JAR-P Amendment 9, 1 JAR-27 Amendment 6, 1 Propellers February 2007 Small Rotorcraft December 2007 JAR-TSO Amendment 8, 1 JAR-29 Amendment 6, 1 Joint Technical Standard February 2007 Large Rotorcraft December 2007 Orders JAR-34 Amendment 2, 1 JAR-VLA Amendment 2, 1 Aircraft Engine February 2007 Very Light Aeroplanes February 2007 Emissions JAR-VLR Amendment 2, 1 JAR-36 Amendment 2, 1 Very Light Helicopters February 2007 Aircraft Noise February 2007 GAI-20 Amendment 3, 1 JAR-39 Initial Issue, 1 January Joint Advisory Material - February 2007 Airworthiness Directives 2003 Advisory Circular Joint
Helicopter Pilot Oral Exam Guide: When used with the corresponding Oral Exam Guide, this book prepares you for the oral portion of the Private, Instrument, Commercial, Flight Instructor, or ATP Helicopter Checkride