VIDYA BHARATI MAHAVIDYALAYA AMRAVATI

Seminar Topic- Ginkgoaceae

Student Name- Akshay Bhatkar

Class-M.Sc-IInd Year (Sem-III),
Guided by – Prof. Shirin Mam
Table of contents-

Introduction
History
Distribution
Habit & Habitat
Scientific Classification
Morphological Characters
Anatomical Characters
Reproduction
Economic Importance
Reference
 Introduction

 Ginkgoaceae is a monotypic family.

 The deciduous leaves are fan-shaped with parallel veins.
 The tree is dioecious male flowers are catkin like while the female is long-stalked with (usually) two ovules.
 The male gametes are motile, and the fruit is drupaceous.
 In the family Ginkgoaceae there is order by name-Ginkgoales
 Example is Ginkgo biloba
 One of the Ginkgo’s greatest properties is its immunity to serious diseases.
 Gingo biloba is also known as “Living fossil”
 It was occurred in Triassic period of Mesozoic age
 It came into existence during the Permian & Jurassic period of Mesozoic age.
 History
 Ginkgoales, a group of gymnosperms composed of the family
Ginkgoaceae consisting of about 18 members.
 It was occurred during Permian period from about 270 million years ago
and 213 million years ago from the Jurassic period.
 Due to geological cataclysms only one species was left i.e., Ginkgo
adiantoides.
 Distribution
 It grows wild in a small, restricted andan almost inaccessible region in South-eastern in China
 Ginkgo biloba is also known to have been in wide cultivation for many centuries in Chinese
gardens.
 Western travellers first come across Gingo biloba eastern China.
 Later it was introduced into the United States, where it was cultivated successfully as a most
valuable shade tree.
 The tree has also been successfully culvated in India and grow well under mild climate.
 Habit & Habitat
 Ginkgo biloba is a tall tree that may grows upto 100 feet tall.
 The young plants grow erect and straight for the first twenty to thirty years .
 The lower branches gradually begin to spread up.
 The leaves are deciduous.
Scientific Classification

Kingdom-Plantae
Division-Ginkgophyta
Class-Ginkgopsida
Order-Ginkgoales
Family-Ginkgoaceae
Genus-Ginkgo
Species-G. biloba
 Morphological Characters
 The stem is erect, woody, tall, slow growing and branched.
 The branching is lateral. There are two types of branches i.e long shoots and dwarf shoots.
 The tap roots are extensively branched and grow quite deep into the soil. The root caps and root
hairs are present.
 The foliage leaves of Ginkgo biloba have a chracteristeric shape which distinguish the tree from
all other gymnosperms.
 They are simple & large with expanded apex and narrow base.
 They are petiolate and are highly variable.
 The wood is pycoxylic.
 The catkin-like inflorescence that bear microsporangiphores.
 The ovules arise in groups from the apices of axillary branches.
 Anatomical Characters
 Stem:-
1) A Cross section of the young stem
presents roughly circular and wavy outline.
The outermost layer is the epidermis.
2) Next to the epidermis is the cortex.
3)The outer cortical cells contain crystals
of calcium oxalate
4) The very young stem consists of a
number of primary vascular bundles
arranged in ring.
5)The phloem is distinct and consist of
sieve tubes and little phloem parenchyma
Root:-
 In transverse section (Fig. 10.8) the roots
are somewhat circular in outline.
 Mature roots are surrounded by
phellogen or suberized cells of cortex.
 the young root has extensive cortex
made up of thin walled cells that
contain tannin filled cells distinct
endodermis is found in the young roots
next to eat is the single layer pericycle.
 The youngs roots are diarch or triarch
Leaf:
1) A v.s through the leaf shows the upper and
lower epidermal layers that are made up of
thin walled cells.
2) A distinct cuticle covers the epidermal layers.
3) The guard cells of the stomata are sourrounded
by a ring of 4-6 or 7 accessory cells.
4) Between the two epidermal layers is the
mesophyll tissue.
5) Sclerenchymatous bundle sheath is not
developed in young leaves.
6) The vascular bundle of the vein has a weekly
mesarch xylem.
Petiole :
1) The petiole has to endarch vascular
bundles.
2) The vascular bundles in the petiole are
also sourrounded by a sclerenchymatous
sheath.
 Reproduction
1. Ginkgo biloba reproduces
sexually. Ginkgo is dioecious.
2) Male Strobulous: Male strobili
develop in the axil of leaves or
on the sides of petiole bases
present on dwarf shoots. The
male strobilus is a loose
structure and consists of a
stalked central axis (2-3 cm in
length) on which many
microsporophylls are arranged
spirally. A male strobilus looks
like a catkin inflorescence of
angiosperms
3) Female Strobulous : The female strobili
develop in the axil of a leaf or a scale
leaf present on dwarf shoots. The female
strobili are very much reduced structures.
Each strobilus consists of a long stalk or
peduncle that bifurcates at its apex and
each branch usually bears a single sessile
ovule.

4) Pollination & Fertilization : pollination

occurs and then two sperms proceed
towards the archegonium with a forward
and circular motion, ciliary band forming
the posterior end. The sperm nucleus
fuses with the egg nucleus resulting in a
zygote.
 Economic Importance

 Ginkgo is commonly grown as an ornamental trees.

 The endosperm of the roasted seeds is edible .
 The trees has a remarkable property of resisting fungi and bacterial attacks.
 Since an unpleasant odour is emitted from the ripe seeds of female trees, male trees
are largely preferred and grown as shade trees in China, Japan and United States.
 Reference

1) Gymnosperms
-P.C.Vasishta.
2) The Gymnosperms

-C. Biswas & B.M. Johri

Thank you…