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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Outline
Review of the syllabus
Introduction to wireless communication
A DSP approach to wireless
Connection to the lab
How the course works
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Syllabus Review
Instructor: Robert W. Heath Jr.
TA:Yingzhe Li
EE 471C Prerequisites: EE 345S or EE 351M or EE 360K
Reading Materials
Based on course reader already posted to Blackboard
Occasional updates to reader will be made
All previous homework and exam problems in reader
Undergrad: Tech area fulfillment
Communications / Networking and Signal Processing
Graduate: Counts as a CommNetS course
Class will be video recorded but please come to class
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Outline
Review of the syllabus
Introduction to wireless communication
A DSP approach to wireless
Connection to the lab
How the course works
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Wireless is Everywhere
Cell
Mobile Station (MS)
or The same frequency is
User Equipment (UE) reused in multiple clusters Cluster
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Evolution of Cellular Systems 1G
First generation systems - known after the fact as 1G
Conceived in the 1960’s
Deployed in the late 1970’s / early 1980’s
Built around analog technology, FM modulation
Limited data, little security
Expensive due to analog technology
Little roaming
Examples AMPS, NTT, NMT-450, etc.
Most of you in have
never used 1G
:-(
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Evolution of Cellular Systems 2G
Second generation systems - known as 2G
Conceived in the 1980’s
Deployed in the 1990’s
Digital Voice
More subscribers per bandwidth, some data
Enabled roaming in Europe (GSM), not in US (IS-95, IS-136)
Examples GSM, IS-95, IS-136, PDC, EDGE (2.5G)
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Evolution of Cellular Systems 3G
Third generation systems - known as 3G
Conceived in the 1990’s
Deployed in the 2000’s
Digital voice plus data Most of you use 3G
Video telephony
on a daily basis
Higher capacity
CDMA (code division multiple access)
Examples: 3GPP WCDMA, HSDPA, etc.
3GPP2 cdma2000, 1xEV, 1xEV-DO, 1xEV-DV, etc.
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Evolution of Cellular Systems 4G
After 3G, cellular systems began fine-grained development
3GPP updates were made in stages e.g. R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, etc
Transition to 4G happened at Release 10 known as 3GPP LTE Advanced
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Evolution of Cellular Systems 5G
Fifth generation systems - known as 5G
3GPP after Release 14 will likely be considered 5G
Development is ongoing
Possible technologies that could make 5G
Massive MIMO - hundreds of antennas at the base station
Millimeter wave - use millimeter wave spectrum to obtain larger bandwidth
New concepts supported by 5G
Device-to-device
Active area of
Machine-to-machine
research, good area
Vehicle-to-vehicle
of senior design and
PhD dissertations
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Wireless is Everywhere
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN
IEEE is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Main professional society for electrical engineers
digression
Everyone should become a student member of the IEEE
You might also want to join COMSOC (communications society), SPSOC
(signal processing society), and ITSOC (information theory society)
IEEE 802 is a group that develop local area network and
metropolitan area network standards, focusing on the PHY,
MAC, and LINK layers
IEEE 802.11 is WLAN working group (members develop
standards + vote)
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
IEEE 802.11 Subgroups
11 11b 11g 11n 11ac 11ad
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Outline
Review of the syllabus
Introduction to wireless communication
A DSP approach to wireless
Connection to the lab
How the course works
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
The Network Stack
OSI Network Model Focus of this class
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Logical Signal Processing
Data Link Link Algorithms
Layer Control
MAC Antennas &
Circuits
Physical Layer
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Typical Digital Communication Sys.
transmitter
Source Channel Modulation Analog
Source
Coding Coding Processing
Propagation
Medium
Sink
Source
Decoding
Channel
Decoding
Demodulation
Analog
Processing
real
world
receiver channel
digital analog
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
DSP Approach to Wireless
Inputs System Outputs
h(t)
time time
time time
Key ideas
Learn digital communication from a digital signal processing perspective
Incorporate modulation, channel estimation, equalization, synchronization
Use algorithmic design examples, not comprehensive theory
Leverage flexible software defined radio prototyping
Exploit LabVIEW & USRP
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Content of the Course
Digital comm overview
Signals, stochastic processes
Transforms, sampling theorm
Mathematical preliminaries
Frequency response, power spectrum, bandwidth
Upconversion, downconversion, complex baseband
Quadrature pulse amplitude modulation Basic digital comm
Optimal pulse shapes
Maximum likelihood detection in AWGN
Sample timing offset, sample timing algorithms
Frequency selective channels, least squares channel estimation Channel impairments
Frequency offset estimation and correction, frequency domain equalization
Single carrier frequency domain equalization, OFDM, the cyclic prefix
IEEE 802.11a, GSM standard Standards
Introduction to propagation, large-scale fading, link budgets, path-loss
Small-scale fading, coherence time, coherence bandwidth
Fading
Probability of error in fading channels
Sources of diversity, Alalmouti space-time code, maximum ratio combining MIMO
Introduction to MIMO communication, spatial multiplexing
Introduction to MIMO-OFDM, highlights of the IEEE 802.11n standard
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Outline
Review of the syllabus
Introduction to wireless communication
A DSP approach to wireless
Connection to the lab
How the course works
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
The Lab NI USRP 2921
ethernet
cable antennas
MIMO
cable
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
How this Fits with the Lab
transmitter
Channel RF
Source Modulation D/A
Coding Upconversion
channel
receiver
Channel RF
Sink Demodulation A/D
Decoding Downconversion
Real
Laptop with LabVIEW NI USRP 2921 world
(all digital signal processing)
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Content of the Course
Digital comm overview
Signals, stochastic processes
Transforms, sampling theorm
Frequency response, power spectrum, bandwidth
Upconversion, downconversion, complex baseband
Quadrature pulse amplitude modulation
Optimal pulse shapes Done
Maximum likelihood detection in AWGN
Sample timing offset, sample timing algorithms
in the Lab
Frequency selective channels, least squares channel estimation
Frequency offset estimation and correction, frequency domain equalization
Single carrier frequency domain equalization, OFDM, the cyclic prefix
IEEE 802.11a, GSM standard
Introduction to propagation, large-scale fading, link budgets, path-loss
Small-scale fading, coherence time, coherence bandwidth
Probability of error in fading channels
Sources of diversity, Alalmouti space-time code, maximum ratio combining
Introduction to MIMO communication, spatial multiplexing
Introduction to MIMO-OFDM, highlights of the IEEE 802.11n standard
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Lab Material free!!
Laboratory manual
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS: Physical Layer Exploration Using the NI USRP
front.pdf 1 9/12/11 4:46 PM
141 pages
8 Laboratory experiments
Lab experiments
Background information
Include prelab to be completed prior to lab
Laboratory experiments
Postlab
Complete software framework DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
PHYSICAL LAYER EXPLORATION LAB USING THE NI USRP™ PLATFORM
Lab 3: Synchronization 51
Bibliography 141
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
! !
!
Sample Pages
!
!
“book” — 2011/9/29 — 15:18 — page 51 — #63
!
Summary
In this lab you will consider the problem of symbol timing recovery also
known as symbol synchronization. Timing recovery is one of several syn-
chronization tasks; others will be considered in future labs.
The wireless communication channel is not well modeled by simple ad-
ditive white Gaussian noise. A more realistic channel model also includes
attenuation, phase shifts, and propagation delays. Perhaps the simplest chan-
nel model is known as the frequency flat channel. The frequency flat channel
creates the received signal
Figure 3: Hierarchy of code framework for new simulator. z(t) = αej φ x(t − τd ) + v(t), (1)
kˆ
T
Tz = Symbol
M Sync
Figure 1: Receiver with symbol synchronization after the digital matched filtering.
! !
! !
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! !
Wednesday, September 4, 13
Outline
Review of the syllabus
Introduction to wireless communication
A DSP approach to wireless
Connection to the lab
How the course works
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Overall Course Structure
Lectures
Lecturing on document camera or white board
Focus on DSP approach to communication
Laboratory sessions
except first lab,
Labs performed in groups of 2 (same all semester)
you have to learn
Implement pre-lab ahead of lab in simulation
LabVIEW
Experiments performed during the session
Assignments
Pre-labs prepare for lab, turned in prior to lab, performed in groups
Homework due every week, supplement the theory portions of the lab
Lab reports summarize lab findings, due week after completion of a lab
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Is this just a rip-off of EE 445S?
In short, no…
EE 345S deals with real-time DSP
Emphasis is on DSP background and real-time implementation issues
Digital modem used as significant design example
EE 471C differs in the following ways
Basics of DSP assumed already known(thus the prereq)
Emphasis is on wireless communication using your existing DSP toolset
Build a real wireless modem that operates over the air
Programming is in LabVIEW, less concern for real-time implementation
Discuss many new topics including symbol/frame/frequency synchronization,
standards, fading, bit error rate analysis, and wireless cellular systems
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
What about 360K?
Again not really
EE 360K deals with digital communication
Emphasis is on mathematical theory
Note: Grad digital comm is even more theory :-(
EE 371C differs in the following ways
Emphasis is on wireless digital communication
Examine complete physical layer system
Cover many topics to build intuition
Implement every topic in the lab
Discuss features of current standards & why certain design choices were made
Build a real wireless modem that operates over the air
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Why Should I Take EE 381V?
If you are a grad student, you may wonder why you should take
this course?
Many topics not found in other graduate course at UT Austin
Frame / frequency offset synchronization
Channel estimation
Software defined radio
GSM and IEEE 802.11a system design issues
Single carrier frequency domain equalization
OFDM with channel estimation and synchronization
You have the opportunity to conduct a research project
Can leverage your ongoing research
Can help you find a research advisor
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Preparation for Next Week
Reading
Chapter 1 and 2 of course notes (posted shortly)
Lecture
Introduction to digital communication
Lab
No lab next week but there will be a LabVIEW tutorial given by the TA
Lab 1.1 will be posted next week
Primarily involves learning LabVIEW - start early!
Homework
Homework #1 will be posted shortly, due next week
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Wednesday, September 4, 13
Questions?
Wednesday, September 4, 13
Wednesday, September 4, 13