PROTOTYPE

OF PORTABLE
BUILDING VIBRATIONS SYSTEM USING
ACCELEROMETER BASED ON
MICROCONTROLLER
ABSTRACT
Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics State College (STMKG) is located in South Tangerang where the geological structure has alluvial sandy loam that presents stronger ampli ication to the
ground motion during the earthquake that can cause physical infrastructure damage. In this study, we are going to measure of ambient noises were performed by using this prototype system
based on microcontroller to measurethe strength of the main building of STMKG. The ampli ications derived by the loor spectral ratio (FSR) method for each direction which each building
story has different values. This study is conducted to get an overview of the building resistance. These parameters are able to derive from ambient noise recorded in the structure of building.
The main advantages of peak ground acceleration (PGA) analyses are simple, ef icient and quick. This method calculate the b-value and ended by creating peak ground acceleration data. The
results show that y-axis PGA values are dominant and the biggest ampli ication value is on the 2rd loor. The average PGA values on the 2rd loor for the direction of x = 0.003g, the direction y =
1.096g, and the direction z = 0.026g.

INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY
Indonesia is one of the countries in the world with a high intensity of earthquakes. Earthquake with a speci ic intensity and magnitude as a response of plate START

movements can cause physical infrastructure damage and casualties. The most dominant physical infrastructure damage due to earthquake is the damage of the
buildings. According to Coburn and Spence (2002), which became the main cause of the building damages during an earthquake is a vibration on the ground base of the Read
RTC DS1307
building. Vibration will cause inertial forces on the building thus increasing the acceleration of the building itself. If the building construction is perfectly rigid then the
energy of inertia will spread evenly to all parts of the building. Read
South Tangerang is located in the eastern part of Banten Province at the coordinate point -6.2644222, 106.7486653. The geological condition of South Tangerang is ADXL345

generally alluvium, a material deposited by rivers. Alluvium has sandy loam texture that consists of 66% of sand, 9% of silt, and 25% of clay (Narjary et al, 2012). A
region formed by sandstone, tuff, and alluvial deposits condition presents stronger ampli ication so it has a greater potential hazard induced by the ground motion Data
in
interaction with the soil-structure during the earthquake (Nakamura et al, 2000).
Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics State College (STMKG) is located in South Tangerang where the geological structure has magni ication of ground motion Process on
microcontroller
susceptibility, therefore the building must meet the earthquake building resistant standards of SNI 1726:2012 on the planning procedures for earthquake building Arduino Uno

resistance.
Serial print
THEORY
A safe and earthquake resistant building is a building that meets the Rules for Earthquake END

Resistant Design of Houses and Buildings (SNI 1762:2012). In general this standard is suf icient
to be used as the basis for the modern design of seismic resistant building structures,
particularly highrise buildings.
Nakamura et al. point out that the vulnerability index is able to assess building damage
during earthquake. It is shown that the weakness of building from earthquake vibration is
direct proportional with vulnerability index.
To evaluation of strength building caused seismic vibration and the characteristics building
can done by recording of ambient noise usually the data is analyzed using FSR to each
horizontal component to estimate vulnerability index for building.
In this study, we are going to measure of ambient noises were performed by this prototype
system to measure the strength of the main building of STMKG. The ampli ications derived by
the PGA calculation shown in the Table 1.
PGA is related to the potential for liquefaction and soil strength loss evaluated for site peak
ground acceleration, earthquake magnitude, and source characteristics consistent with the
maximum considered earthquake geometric mean peak ground accelerations.
PGAM = FPGA PGA
PGAM stands for maximum considered earthquake geometric mean peak ground
acceleration adjusted for Site Class; PBA stands for Peak bedrock acceleration; PSA stands for
Peak surface acceleration; and FPGA stands for coef icient site. Figure 1. PGA map on the risk-targeted maximum considered earthquake

SYSTEM DESIGN RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS Table 1. PGA calculation of STMKG which the geological structure
is characterized on the SD site class

Site 50 Years
PGA (g)
Charger module Sensor Floor Class PBA FPGA PSA
x y z SB 0.078 1 0.078
ADXL345
Arduino Uno Personal 1st 0.056 1.095 0.037 SC 0.078 1.2 0.093
Lithium battery
ATmega328P Computer 2nd 0.003 1.096 0.026 SD 0.078 1.6 0.125
RTC
3,3V regulator DS1307 3rd 0.027 1.094 0.057 SE 0.078 2.5 0.195

Mikrokontroler ATMega 328P-PU The data retrieval is done in the evening. This is done so that the
Microcontroller is a Integrated Circuit (IC) that can be programmed atmosphere of the data retrieval is silent so that the interference
using a computer. Microcontrollers consist of integrated Central received by the recording device is getting smaller. Data collection on
Processing Units (CPU), memory, ixed input / output (I / O) pins, and each loor is done with duration 30 to 60 minutes. Before taking the
support units such as Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). ATMega 328P- data the sensor paired on the mounting and adjusted its leveling.
PU has the function to process the vibration signal coming from the Mounting is glued to the loor using double foam tape.
ADXL345 sensor. The output of the sensor has three digital channel x, y Two horizontal components were oriented in the NS and EW
and z axis. ATMega 328P-PU is considered as the data processing component directions of the building. The instrument was placed as
because of its compatibility, availability and affordability. ATMega 328P- close as possible to the mass centre of the building and close to the FUTURE WORK
PU is operated with a voltage of 3,3V coming from the battery. wall. At the measurement site obtain PGA value in as shown in the For further research related to this
ADXL345 Sensor Table above. For PGA values in bedrock values obtained in research, it is suggested some things as
ADXL345 sensor is an acceleration that has three axis (x, y and z) susceptible 0.078g. Classi ied in scale IV-VIII with earthquake that follows: 1. Analysis of vibration data to obtain
and uses Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS). This sensor has a can be felt as big or violent. the dominant frequency to calculate the
high resolution (up to 13-bit or 3.8 m/s2) at its highest sensitivity. The structural damage might represented by interstorey drift, vulnerability index of the building using FSR
ADXL345 has a variety of measurement options from ± 2g to ± 16g. Its column ductility, beam ductility, and base shear. Based on the results method. 2. Data communication is made
applications include slope detection with static tensile force and from the study, it was found that for building structures, the effect of wirelessly. 3. Comparative data is needed to
dynamic acceleration arising from motion or impact. The high strong motion duration, which measured by different de initions, compare data from experimental results so as
resolution result makes it possible to detect very subtle levels. This depends on both the peak ground acceleration and the using damage to reduce the error value of the tool being
acceleration sensor is used for applications and is very easy to use indices. The data indices the biggest ampli ication is on the 2nd loor made. 4. The sensor needs a calibration.
through SPI or I2C interface. which the hypothesis should be on the 3rd loor.
REFERENCES CONTACT
1. Analog Devices Inc., “3-Axis, ±2 g, ±4 g, ±8 g, ±16 g Digital Accelerometer,” ADXL345 datasheet [Rev. E].
2. Atmel Corporation, “8-bit AVR Microcontrollers,” ATmega328/P datasheet [Rev.: Atmel-42735B-ATmega328/P_Datasheet_Complete-11/2016]
3. Gosar, Andrej. (2010). Site effects and soil-structure resonance study in the Kobarid basin (NW Slovenia) using microtremors. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 10.
10.5194/nhess-10-761-2010.
4. Hakim, Arif Luqman. “Development of Refraction Seismic Device Using Accelerometer Sensor Based on Microcontroller”. Thesis. Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics State College, Medayu Bestari Praja*
South Tangerang. 2017.
5. Nakamura, Y. (2000). Clear identi ication of fundamental idea of Nakamura's technique and its applications Proc. XII World Conf. Earthquake Engineering New Zealand 2656.
Muhammad Fajar Asshidiqi
6. Narjary, Bhaskar & Aggarwal, Pramila & Chikara, Anupama & Chakraborty, Debashis & Singh, Ravender. (2012). Water availability in different soils in relation to hydrogel application. Muhammad Ismayuda Al Fath
Geoderma. 188. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.002. (Instrumentation Departement)

7. National Standardization Agency. SNI 1726:2012 Rules for Earthquake Resistant Design of Houses and Buildings. Jakarta: 2012.
8. Research Center and Development of Water Resources Indonesia, “PGA Calculator,” [Online]. Available: http://pgacal.pusair-pu.go.id/ [Accessed: Jul. 14, 2018].
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