Irc 6 2014

J
I
IRG:6-2014
STANDARDSPEGIFICATIONS
AND CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION: ll
LOADSAND STRESSES
(RevisedEdition)
2013\
(fncorporatingAll Amendmentsand Erratapublishedupto December'
INDIANROADSCONGRESS
2014
IRC:6-2014
CONTENTS
PageNo.
Personnel andStandards
of the BridgesSpecifications Committee 1i)
Introduction 1
Scope
201 Classification
202 Loads,Forcesand Stiesses 4
203 DeadLoad 5
204 LiveLoads 8
205 Reduction Effecton BridgesAccommodating
in the Longitduinal 19
morethanTwo TrafficLanes
,10
zuo FootOverBridges,Footway,
Kerb,Railings,
ParapetandCrashBarriers
207 TramwayLoading 23
208 lmpact 24
209 WindLoad 27
210 HorizontalForcesdueto WaterCurrents 34
211 Forces
Longitudinal
212 Centrifugal
Forces 40
243 Buoyancy 41
A4
214 EarthPressure
215 Temperature 42
216 Stresses(forsteelbridgesonly)
Deformation 40
217 Secondary
Stresses 47
218 Loads
ErectionStressesandConstruction 47
219 SeismicForce 48
220 Bargelmpacton Bridges
221 SnowLoad 64
222 VehicleCollisionLoadson Supportsof Bridges,FlyoverSupportsand
FootoverBridges
IndeterminateStructuresand CompositeStructures
ANNEXURES
IRC:6-2014
PERSONNEL
OF THEBRIDGESSPECIFICATIONS ANDSTANDARDS
COMMITTEE
(As on 6thJanuary 2014)
1. Kandasamy,C. DirectorGeneral(RD)& Spl. Secy.to Govt.of India,Ministryof Road

(Convenor
) TransportandHighways,TransportBhavan,NewDelhi
Patankar,
VL. Addl. DirectorGeneral,Ministryof Road Transportand Highways
(Co-Convenor) TransportBhavan,NewDelhi
3. Pathak,
A.P Chief Engineer(B) S&R, (Ministryof Road Transport& Highways,
(Member-Secretary
) Transoort
Bhavan.NewDelhi
Members
4. Agrawal,
K.N, DG(W),CPWD(Retd.)chaziabad
5. Alimchandani,
C.R. Chairman
& Managing
Director,
STUPConsultants
(P)Ltd.,Mumbai
6. Arora,H.C. (Retd.)MORTH,NewDelhi
ChiefEngineer
7. Bagish,Dr.B.P C-212013,
VasantKunj,Opp.D.PS.NewDelhi
8. Bandyopadhyay,
Dr.N. Director,StupConsultants
(P) Ltd.NewDelhi
9. Bandyopadhyay,
Dr.T.K. JointDirector
General(Retd.)INSDAG,
Kolkata
10. Banerjee,
A.K. (Retd.)MoRT&H,
ChiefEngineer NewDelhi
'11. Banerjee,
T.B. (Retd.)MoRT&H,
12. Basa,Ashok Director
(Tech.)
B. Engineers
& Builders
Ltd.,Bhubaneswar
13. Bhasin,
PC. ADG(B),(Retd.),
MoRT&H,
NewDelhi
'14. Bhowmick,
Alok ManagingDirector,Bridge& StructuralEngg.Consultants
(p) Ltd.,
Noida
15. BongiMar,
PL. Advisor,
L&T,Mumbai
16. Dhodapkar,
A.N. (Retd.)MoRT&H,
17. Ghoshal,A. DirectorandVice President, (P) Ltd.Kolkata
STUPConsultants
'18. Joglekar,
S.G. VicePresident,
STUPConsultants
(P)Ltd., Mumbai
19. Kand,,
C.V ChiefEngineer
(Retd.),
Mq PWDBhopal
20. Koshi,Ninan DG(RD)& Addl.Secy.,(Retd)MOST,NewDelhi
21. Kumar,
Ashok ChiefEnginee(Retd.),
MoRT&H,
NewDelhi
22. Kumat,P'afulla DG (RD)& AS, MoRT&H(Retd.)NewDelhi
23. Kumar,Vijay (Retd.)UP,PWD,
E-in-Chief
24. Manjure,PY. Director,FreyssinetPrestressed
ConcreteCo. Mumbai
25. Mukherjee,
M.K. (Retd.)MoRT&H,
26. Nagpal,
A.K. Prof.IlT,NewDelhi
27. Narain,
A.D. DG (RD)& AS,MoRT&H(Retd.)NewDelhi
(i)
IRC:6-2014
28. Ninan,R.S. (Retd.)MoRT&HNewDelhi
ChiefEngineer
29. Pandey,
R.K. (Planning),
MoRT&H,
30. Parameswaran, (BAS),CRRI'NewDelhi
Dr.Lakshmy ChiefScientist
PratapS.
3'l- Raizada, VicePresident(Corporate GammonlndiaLtd Mumbai
Affairs).
32. Rao,Dr.M.VB. 4-181, SaritaVihar,NewDelh
33. Roy,Dr.B.C. SeniorExecutive
Director, Engg.Serviceslndia(Pvt.)
M/s.Consulting
Ltd.Gurgaon
34. Saha,Dr.G.P Director
Executive Construma (P)Ltd Mumbai
Consultancy
35. Sharan,G. NewDellhi
DG (RD)& Spl.Secv(Retd.)MoRT&H,
36. Sharma,R.S. (Retd.)MoRT&H'NewDelhi
ChiefEngineer
37. Sinha,N.K. DG(RD)& SS,(Retd.)MoRT&HNewDelhi
Chairman& ManagingDirector,ConstrumaConsultancy(P) Ltd.
Dr.Harshavardhan
38. Subbarao,
Mumbai
MaheshProf.
39. Tandon, Managing (P)Ltd'NewDelhi
TandonConsultants
Director,
K.B.
40. Thandavan, ChiefEngineer NewDelhi
(Retd.)MoRT&H,
V
41. Velayutham,, DG (RD)& SS (Retd.)MoRT&H'NewDelhi
T.
42. Viswanathan. 7046,SectorB, Pocket10, VasantKunj,NewDelhi
43. TheExecutive (B&S) RDSO,Lucknow
Director
NewDelhi
andHead,(Civil Bureauof IndianStandards,
44. TheDirector
Engg.),
CorrespondingMembers
1. Raina,Dr.VK. (W.8.)
Consultant
2. Singh,R.B. Projects
Director, India(P)Ltd.NewDelhi
Consulting
Ex-Officio Members
1. Kandasamy,
C. Director MoRT&H
& SpecialSecretary,
General(RoadDevelopment)
lndianRoads
andPresident, New
Congress, Delhi
2. VishnuShankar
Prasad, IndianRoadscongress,NewDelhi
General,
Secretary
- ( i i)
IRC:6-20'14
AND CODEOF
SPECIFICATIONS
STANDARD
FORROADBRIDGES
PRACTICE
INTRODUCTION
Thebriefhistoryof the BridgeCodegivenin the Introduction to Section| "GeneralFeatures of
Design" generally applies to Section ll also.ThedraftofSection llfor"Loads andStresses", as
discussed at JaipurSession oftheIndianRoadsCongress in 1946,wasconsidered furtherin
a numberof meetings of theBridges Committee for finalisation. In the years 1957 and 1958,
theworkof finalising the draftwas pushedon vigorously by the BridgesCommittee.
In the BridgesCommittee meetingheld at Bombayin August1958,all the comments
receivedtill then on the differentclausesof this Sectionwere disposedoff finallyand a
drafting committee consisting of S/shriS.B.Joshi,K.K.Nambiar, K.F.Antiaands.K.Ghosh
was appointed to workin conjunction withthe officersof the RoadsWingof the Ministryfor
finalising thisSection.
This Committee at its meetingheldat New Delhiin September 1958and laterthrough
correspondences finalizedSectionll of the BridgeCode,whichwas printedin 1958and
reorinted in 1962and1963.
The SecondRevisionof Sectionll of the IRC:6Code (1964edition)includedall the
amendments, additionsand alterations madeby the BridgesSpecifications and Standards
(BSS)Committee in theirmeetings heldfromtimeto time.
The ExecutiveCommitteeof the IndianRoadsCongressapprovedthe publication of the
ThirdRevision in metricunitsin 1966.
The FourthRevision of Sectionll of the Code(2000Edition) included allthe amendments,
additionsand alterations madeby the BSS Committeein theirmeetingsheldfromtimeto
timeandwas reorintedin 2002with AmendmentNo.1, reprintedin 2004withAmendment
No.2 andagainreprinted in 2006withAmendment Nos.3, 4 and5.
TheBridges Specifications andStandards Committee andtheIRCCouncil atvarious meetings
approved certainamendments viz.Amendment No.6 of November 2006relating to Sub-
ctauses218.2,222.5,207.4 andAppendix-2, Amendment No.7 of February 2007relating to
S u b - C l a u s e s o f 2 l 3 . T , N o t e 4 o f A p p eannddi x2-l lS . 3 , A m e n d m e n t N o . BJoafn u a r y 2 0 0 8
5 a. 1n d 2 1 4 . 5 .a2n dn e wC l a u s e 2 1o2nW i n dl o a d .
r e l a t i ntgo S u b - C l a u s 2e 1s 4 . 2 ( a ) , 2 1 4 . 1
As approved bytheBSSCommittee andIRCCouncil in 2008,theAmendment No.9 of May
2009 incorporating changesto clauses202.3,208,209.7and 218.5 and Combination of
Loadsfor limitstatedesignof bridgeshas been introduced in Appendix-3, apartfrom the
new Clause222on SeismicForcefor designof bridges.
The BridgesSpecifications and StandardsCommitteein its meetingheldon 26thOctober,
2009further approvedceftainmodifications to Clause210.1 ,202.3,205, NotebelowClause
l e, 2 2 2 8 ' 2 2 2 . 9T. a b l e1 a n d
2 O B ,2 0 9 .,12 0 9 . 4 , 2 0 9 . 7 , 2 2 2 . 5T.a5b, l eB , N o t eb e l o w T a b 8
deletion of clause213.8,214.5.1 .2 and Notebelow para B of Appendix-3. The Convenor
of B-2 Committeewas authorizedto incorporate thesemodifications in the draftfor Fifth
Revision of IRC:6,inthelightof thecomments of somemembers. TheExecutive Committee,
IRC:6-2014
initsmeetinghe|don31Stoctober,2009'andthe|RCCounci|inits189-meetinghe|d
l4thNovember,200gatpatnaapprovedpublishingoftheFifthRevisionoflRC:6'
ThecurrentRevisedEditionoflRC:6inc|udesa|ltheamendmentsandenatapub|ished
timeto timeuPtoDecember,2013'
BridgesSpecificationsand Standards
The RevisedEditionof IRC:6was approvedby the
Committee and ExecutiveCommitteereeing held on
in its meetingheldon 06'01'2014
09.01.2014for Publishing.
givenbelon:
The personnel of ihe LoadsandStressescommittee(B-2)is
Baneriee' AK Convenor
DhodaPkar, A'N. Co-Convenor
Parameswaran Member-Secretar:.
(Mrs.)Dr.LakshmY
Memhers
Bhowmick, Alok Saha,Dr.G.P.
Chandke, A.S. Sharma,AditYa
Gupta,VinaY Sharan, G.
Subbarao, Dr.H,
Garg,Dr.S"K.
H u d aY, S . Sarangi,D.
S.G. Srivastava,O.P.
Joglekar,
Kumar,Manoj Thakkar,Dr.S.K-
M'K. Thandavan. K.B-
Mukherjee,
Alok Viswanathan. T.
PandeY,
Puri,S.K. Verma,G.L.
Roy,SamitChaudhuri cE (B)S&R,MORTH
(A.P.Pathak)
CorrespondingMembers
Bhattacharya,Dr.S.K. Heggade,V.N.
Jain,Dr.S.K. Rao, Dr. M.V.B-
Kanhere, D.K.
Ex-officio Members
KandasamY, C. DirectorGeneral(RoadDevelopment;
& SpecialSecretary,MoRT&Hand
IRC
President,
Prasad,VishnuShankar SecretaryGeneral,IndianRoadsCongress
2
IRC:6-2014
SCOPE
The objectof the StandardSpecifications and Codeof Practiceis to establisha common
procedure for the designand construction of roadbridgesin lndia.Thispublication is meant
to serveas a guideto boththedesignengineerandtheconstruction engineerbutcompliance
withthe rulesthereindoesnot relievethemin anywayof theirresponsibility for the stability
andsoundness ofthe structuredesignedanderectedby them.Thedesignand construction
of roadbridgesrequirean extensiveand throughknowledge of the scienceand technique
involvedandshouldbe entrusted qualified
onlyto specially engineers withadequatepractical
experience in bridgeengineering andcapableof ensuringcarefulexecution of work.
201 CLASSTF|CATTON
201.1 Roadbridgesand culvertsshallbe dividedintoclassesaccordingto the loadings
theyaredesignedto carry.
IRC Class 70R Loading:This loadingis to be normallyadoptedon all roadson which

permanentbridgesand culvertsare constructed.
Bridgesdesignedfor Class70R Loading
shouldbe checkedfor ClassA Loadingalsoas undercertainconditions,heavierstresses
mayoccurunderClassA Loading.
IRCClassAALoading:Thisloadingisto beadoptedwithincertainmunicipal limits,in certain

existingor contemplated dreas,inotherspecified
industrial areas,andalongcertainspecified
highways.Bridgesdesignedfor ClassAA Loadingshouldbe checkedfor ClassA Loading
heavierstressesmayoccurunderClassA Loading.
also,as undercertainconditions,
adoptedon allroadsonwhichpermanent
IRCClassA Loading:Thisloadingisto be normally
bridgesandculvertsareconstructed.
IRCClassB Loading:Thisloadingis to be normallyadoptedfor timberbridges.
Forparticulars
of the abovefourtypesof loading,see Clause204.
2O1.2 Existingbridgeswhichwerenotoriginally constructedor laterstrengthened

to take
by givingeacha numberequal
one of the abovespecifiedI.R.C.Loadingswill be classified
to thatof the higheststandardloadclasswhoseeffectsit cansafelywithstand.
Annex A givesthe essentialdata regardingthe limitingloadsin each bridge'sclass,and

formsthe basisfor the classification
of bridges.
201.3 Individual bridgesand culvertsdesignedto takeelectrictramwaysor otherspecial

loadingsand notconstructed to takeanyof the loadingsdescribedin Clause201.1shallbe
loadclassindicatedin Clause201.2.
in the appropriate
classified
IRC:6-2014
202 LOADS,FORCESAND STRESSES
and
202.1 The loads,forces and stressesto be consideredin designingroad bridges
culvertsare :
('
1 ) Dead Load
2) Live Load a
(.'
r) Snow Load
(see note i)
4) lmpactfacior on vehicularlive load Qi'
5) lmpactdue to floatingbodiesor
vesselsas the case may De F.
6) Vehiclecollisionload v"
7) Wind load W
F
8) Watercurrent
forcescausedbytractive
9) Longitudinal
effortof vehiclesor by brakingof vehicles
and/orthosecausedby restraintof movement
of free bearingsby frictionor deformation F/F/F'
force
10) Centrifugal
11) Buoyancy \7,
12) Earthpressureincludingliveload
if anY
surcharge, r^^
effects F
13) Temperature
(seenoteii)
14) Deformationeffects F.
'15) Secondary
effects
'16) Erectioneffects E
tr
17) Seismicforce
18) Wavepressure
(seenoteiii)
(J-
19) Gradeeffect
(seenoteiv)
IRC:6-2014
Nofes.'
Thesnowloadsmaybe basedbe basedon actualobservation

or pastrecordsin the
particular
areaor localpractices,
if existing.
ii) Temperature effects(F,")in this contextis notthe frictionalforcedueto the movement

of bearingbut forcesthat are causedby the restrainteffects
iii) The wave forcesshall be determinedby suitableanalysisconsideringdrawing

and inertiaforcesetc. on singlestructuralmembersbasedon rationalmethodsor
modelstudies.In caseof groupof piles,piersetc.,proximityeffectsshallalso be
considered.
. iv) Forbridgesbuiltingradeorcross-fall,
thebearingsshallnormally
besetlevelbyvarying
thethicknessof theplatesituatedbetween theupperfaceof thebearingandlower
faceofthebeamor byanyothersuitable arrangement.However,wherethebearings
arerequiredto besetparallel gradeor cross-fall
to theinclined ofthesuperstructure,
an allowanceshallbe madefor the longitudinal
andtransverse components of the
vertical
loadsonthebearings.
202.2.2All membersshallbe designedto sustainsafelymostcriticalcombination of various

loads,forcesand stressesthat can co-existand all calculations shalltabulatedistinctly
the variouscombinations of the aboveloadsand stressescoveredby the design.Besides
temperature,effectof environment on durability as perrelevantcodes.
shallbe considered
202.3 Combinationof Loadsand Forcesand Permissiblelncreasein Stresses
The load combination shownin Table 1 shallbe adoptedfor workingout stressesin the
members. Theoermissible increase invariousmembers
of stresses dueto thesecombinations
are also indicatedtherein.Thesecombinations of forcesare not applicable
for workingout
basepressure on foundationsforwhichprovision madein relevantIRCBridgeCodeshallbe
adopted.Forcalculating stressesin membersusingworkingstressmethodof designthe load
combination shownin Table1 shallbe adooted.
The load combinationas shown in Annex B shall be adoptedfor limit siate desion
approacn.
203 DEAD LOAD

Thedeadloadcarriedby a girderor membershallconsistof the portionof theweightof the
(andthe fixedloadscarriedthereon)whichis supported
superstructure whollyor in pari by
thegirderor memberincludingitsown weight.The followingunitweightsof materials
shallbe
usedin determiningloads,unlessthe unitweightshavebeendetermined by actualweighing
samplesof the materialsin question,in whichcasethe actualweightsas
of representative
thusdeterminedshallbe used.
r|
IRC:6-2014
ServiceCondition Constructlon
slrEulou
Condition
(%)sossarls . o l o
s elq!ss!ulad (g
(.e) l.a$a apPre ;

.z
C
(drl) arnssord eêM (s
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(5
(bsl) .!urs!as
IL
c) ;
N 0"1) C
C{ sl.ollS uo!pal3
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o sl.oga IlPuooos 'F
(E
("1) .=
o !L sl5ollf rlorleuioloo c
(,
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(*l)
ainssord que:l f E
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6)
.'"I ""ro,t"onr,,r$"ji .c
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(rl) uo!I5!il 6ulreag

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,el o
(ql) ouuerg o o a
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("1)o^!l.e{ l u?l
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c a)
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o (..1) luorJnC lelEM (s
;
o-
o-
-l (M) putM Cg
= .9
o (" peo1 o(g
uo!s!lloc al.!qoA
P J
(url)ss!poA =
6urlPoll l.edtul c
('' O) l5Ed(ul slclqa^ o

o l o c)
.g
("9) peol ,"\ous
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c{
(O) peo'l a^r-] o
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IRC:6-2014
2 ) Any load combinationinvolvingtemperature,wind and/or earthquakeacting
independently maximumpermissible
or in combination, tensilestressin prestressed
ConcreteMembersshallbe limitedto the valueas perrelevantCode(lRC:112).
3) Useof fractionalliveloadshownin Table1 is applicable

onlywhenthedesignliveload
givenin Table2 is considered.
Thestructure mustalsobe checkedwithno liveload.
4) Thegradienteffectdueto temperature is considered in the loadcombinations llB and
IllB.The reducedliveload(Q)is indicated as 0.5.lts effects(F", Fu,andF*) arealso
shownas 0.5,as 0.5 standsfor the reducedliveloadto be considered in this case.
Howeverfor Frit is shownas 1, sinceit haseffectsof deadloadbesidesreducedlive
load.Q,,,beinga factorof liveloadas shownas 1.Whenever a fractionof liveload0.5
shownin the aboveTableundercolumnQ is specified, the associated effectsdueto
liveload(Q'., F", Fb,FrandFr) shallbe considered corresponding to the associated
fractionof liveload.Whenthe gradienteffectis considered, the effects,if any,dueto
overallriseor fallof temperatureof the structure
shallalsobe considered.
Seismiceffectduringerectionstageis reducedto half in loadcombination

lX when
phasedoesnotexceed5 years.
construction
o/ Theloadcombinations (VlllandlX)relateto theconstruction

stageof a newbridge.For
repair,rehabilitation
and retrofitting,
the loadcombinationshallbe project-specific.
7) Clause219.5.2maybe referred
to, for reduction
of liveloadin LoadCombination
VI.
Materials Weight
(vm')
1) Ashlar(granite) 2.7
2) Ashlar(sandstone) 2.4
3) Stonesetts:
a) Granite z-o
b) Basalt 2.7
4) Ballast(stonescreened,broken,2.5 cm to 7.5cm
guage,loose):
a) Granite 1.4
b) Basalt t.o
5) (pressed)
Brickwork in cementmortar 2.2
6) (common)in cementmortar
Brickwork 1.9
7) (common)in limemortar
Brickwork 1.8
IRC:6-2014
2.2
8) Concrete(asPhalt)
1.4
e) Concrete(breeze)
2.5
1 0 ) Concrete(cement-Plain)
2.5
1 1 ) Concrete(cement- plainwithplums)
2.5
12) Concrete(cemen!reinforced)
2.5
1 3 ) Concrete(cement-Prestressed)
aggregate) 1.9
14) Concrete(lime-brick
aggregate) 2.1
1 5 ) Concrete(lime-stone
2.0
1 6 ) Earth(comPacted)
1.8
17) Gravel
2.2
1 B ) Macadam(binderPremix)
2.6
1 e ) Macadam(rolled)
1.4
20) Sand(loose)
1.9
21) Sand(wetcomPressed)
2.6
22) Coursedrubblestonemasonry(cementmortar)
z.+
23) Sionemasonry(limemortar)
1.0
24\ Water
0.8
25) Wood
7.2
26) Castiron
7.7
27) Wroughtiron
7.8
28) Steel(rolledor cast)
204 LIVE LOADS
204.1 Detailsof l.R.C.Loadings
2 0 4 ' 1 ' , | F o r b r i d g e s c t a s s i f i e d u n d e rof

C |vehicles
a u s e 2 as
0 1iiiustrated
. 1 . , t h e dine Figs'
sign1 | i to
v e3| oand
adshal|c
standardwheeledo, tru"k"i?ili"L. oi truin.
AnnexA'Thetrai|ers"tt""r'"ototr'"drivingunitarenottobeconsideredasdetachab
the Standard vehic|eor trainshal|be
204',|'2 Withinthe kerbto kerbwidthof the roadway, positionwhichwill
assumedto travelparatrer ti-trie'i".n,l the bridgdand to occupyany
tl;l"l ih-141i"T"'mclearances betweena vehicleand
producemaximum
theroadwayface "u",,"Ipro"uiiej
ofkerbandbetweentwopassingorcrossingvehic|es,showninFi
3, are not encroached uPon'
2 0 4 ' , | ' 3 F o r e a c h S t a n d a r d v e hposition

i c l e o rcausing
train,a | | t h e a xstresses'
maximum |esofaunitofvehic|es
;;;;i;;t;i". aciingsimuttaneously in a
IRC:6-2014
MAXII\,lUM = 5.273k0/cmr
TYREPRESSURE
SA.0.41xo-61 SA. 0.41x0.61 SA.0.23x0.51

8A.0.41xo.61 BA. 0.41x0.61 BA.0.23x0.51
'UWPE .M'TYPE 'N'TYPE
AXLELOAD MINIMUM
WHEELSPACING (HEAVIEST)
& TYRESIZEOFCRITICAL AXLE
FOR7OR(WHEELED
WHEELARRANGEMENT VEHICLE)
crAss70R(r)
FOR70R(TRACKED)
wHEELARRANGEMENT VEHTCLE
Fig.1 Class70RTrackedandWheeledVehicles(Clause204.1)
Notes .'
vehiclesshallnotbe lessthan90 m
1 ) Thenoseto tailspacingbeiweentwosuccessive
for trackedvehicleand30 m for wheeledvehicle.
2) For multi-lanebridgesand culverts,each Class70R loadingshall be considered
to occupytwo lanesand no othervehicleshallbe allowedin thesetwo lanes.The
passing/crossing
vehiclecan onlybe allowedon lanesotherthanthesetwo lanes.
Loadcombination is as shownin Table2.
3) The maximumloadsfor the wheeledvehicleshallbe 20 tonnefor a singleaxleor
40 tonnefor a bogieof two axlesspacednot morethan 1-22m centes.
rrj
IRC:6-2014
4) class70Rloadingis applicable widthof 5.3m and
onlyfor bridgeshavingcarriageway
above(i.e.1.2x 2 + 2.9= 5.3).The minimumclearance behveen the roadfaceof the
'C',
kerbandtheouteredgeof thewheelor track, shallbe 1'2 m.
The minimumclearancebetweenthe outeredge of wheelor trackof passingor
crossing bridgeshallbe 1.2m.Vehicles
vehiclesfor multilane can
passingor crossing
be eithersameclassor differentclass,Trackedor Wheeled.
6) in meters.
Axleloadin tonnes,lineardimension
7) and otherimportantnotes,refer NOTESgivenin
For tyre treadwidthdeductions
AnnexA.
r--_l
t l
l , ' l
ML-JM
t-1,!!!-J
SECTION ONP.P
PLAN
VEHICLE
DRIVING
2.7
2] 2.7 11.411.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
ClassA Trainof Vehicles

Fig. 2 Class'ATrain (Clause
of Vehicles 204.1)
10
IRC:6-2014
/Vofes.'
1 ) The noseto taildistancebetweensuccessive
trainsshallnotbe lessthan18.bm.
,)\
Forsinglelanebridgeshavingcarriagewaywidthlessthan5.3 m, onelaneof ClassA
shallbe consideredto occupy2.3m. Remainingwidthof carriagewayshallbe loaded
with500Kg/m'?, as shownin Table2.
3) Formulti-lane bridgeseachClassA loadingshallbe consideredto occupysinglelane
for designpurpose.Liveloadcombinations
as shownin Table2 shallbe followed.
4 ) Thegroundcontactareaof thewheelsshallbe as under:
Axle load (tonne) Groundcontactarea

B (mm) W(mm)
11.4 250 500
6.5 200 380
2.7 150 200
CLEAR CARRIAGEWAYWI DTH
*r*|* -JI
W w
1 . 5) The minimumclearance, I betweenouteredgeof the wheeland the
roadwayface of the kerband the minimumclearance, g, betweenthe outer
edgesof passingor crossingvehicleson multi-lane
bridgesshallbe as given
below:-
Clearcarriagewaywidth
5.3m(.)to 6.1m(..) Varyingbetween0.4 m to '1.2m 150 mm for all carriagewaywidth
Above6.1m 1 . 2m
(-) = [2x(1.8+0.5)+0.4+2x0.15]
(..)= [2x(1.8+0.5)+
1.2+2xo.1
s]
6) Axleloadsin tonne.Lineardimensions
in metre.
IRC:6-2014
t-___L99i__J
SECTION ON P-P
-lll-
FI
-+-I
PLAN
VEHICLE
DRIVING
'1.200
4.6s9 1.200
1.6 ,|.6 6.86.8 4.1 4'1 4.1 41 ]b r'o
ClassB Trainof Vehicles

'B'
Fig. 3 Class Trainof Vehicles(Clause204'1)
Nofes ;
shall not be less than
1 ) The nose to tail distance between successive trains
1 8 . 5m .
1 2 -
IRC:6-2014
z) No otherlive loadshallcoverany partof the carriageway whena trainof vehicles
the bridge.
bridge)is crossing
(ortrainsof vehiclesin multi-lane
3) Theoroundcontactareaof thewheelsshallbe as under:-
Axle load(tonne) Groundcontactarea
B (mm) \,(mm)
b-d 200 380
4.1 150 300
1.6 125 175
CLEAR CARRIAGEWAYWIDTH
.i."1-" I i -, l. -t L
W W
4) widthlessthan 5'06 m, onlysinglelaneof ClassB

For bridgeshavingcarriageway
loadingshallbe considered.
5) The minimumclearances, f betweenouteredgeof the wheelandthe roadwayface

of the kerband the minimumclearance, g, betweenthe outeredgesof passingor
crossing bridgesshallbe as givenbelow:
vehicleson multi-lane
6) in metre.
Axleloadsin tonne.Lineardimensions
Clearcarriagewaywidth
5.06m(-)to 5.86m(..) Varying between 0.4 m to 150mmfor allcaniageway
1 . 2m widths
Above5.86m '1.2m
O= [2x(1.8+0.38)+0.4+2x0.15]
() = [2x( .8+0.s8)+1.2+2x0.15]
13
IRC:6-2014
204'1'4Vehic|esinadjacent|anessha|lbetakenasheadedinthedirectionpro
maximumstresses.
204'l.sThespacesonthecarriageway|eftuncoveredbythestandardtrainofvehic|ess
notbeassumedassubjecttoany"additiona|live|oadUn|essothenviseshowninTa
Bridges
204.2 Dispersionof Loadthrough Fills of Arch
Thedispersionof|oadsthroughthefil|sabovethearchsha||beassumedat45degr
to the spanin the caseof archbridges'
alongandperpendicular
204.3 Combinationof Live Load
Thisc|ausesha||bereadinconjunctionwithClausell2'loflRC:S.Theca-ageway|i
combinationSha||beconsideredforthedesignasshowninTable2'
Table2 Live Load Combination
Numberof Lanesfor Load Combination

DesignPurposes
One lane oi 3 =*- '1 consideredto
Lessthan5.3
occupy 2.3 r:, l:= :enaining width
of cariiagev;ai'sla :e loaded with
500 kg/m'?
-:i. OR tlvo lanes
One lane oi Ciass
5.3m andabovebutless
for ClassA
than9.6m
One laneof Ciass7:R for everytwo
9.6 m andabovebutless
laneswithonela:l'*'3i ClassA on the
than13.1
remaininglaneOR 3 .anesof ClassA
13.1 m and abovebut

lessthan16.6m One lane of Class 70R for every two
laneswith one Iane of ClassA for the
16.6 m and above but
remaininglanes.if any.OR one laneof
lessthan20.1
ClassA for each lane.
20.1 m and above but
lessthan23.6
Nofes :
Theminimum shallbe 7 5 m as perclause1121 of
widthof thetwo-lanecarriageway
1)
IRC:5.
use of 70R loadingin placeof
2\ see NoteNo. 2 belowFig.14 of AnnexA regarding
ClassM Loadingandvice-versa'
14
IRC:6-2014
Table2 Live LoadCombinations
LNO NO,OF LANES WIDTH(CW)& LOADINGARRANGEIV]ENT
CARRIAGEWAY
FORDESIGN
PURPOSE
1 l LANE
(M$,rf lll
CASE1 : CLASSA. ,I LANE
2. 2 LANES
CASE 1 : CLASS 70R (!V)
'lr :q
o t "ol
C A S E 2 :C L A S S A - 2 L A N E S
3. 3 LANES
!r
"-r:tE
{Mt.)
tN THtS ZONE)
CLASSA-1 LANE+CLASSTOR
(W)
IRC:6-2014
'
Table 2 : Live Load Combinaiions contd
\A/IDTH(CW)& LOADINGARRANGEMFNT
CARRIAGEWAY
NO.OF LANES
FORDESIGN
PURPOSE
4. 4 LANES
(MlN.)
lEt*E A -a g LANES
!
CASE1 : CLASSA-4
IN lHLS ZONE)
CASE2: CLASS4.2 LANE+CLASS7OR(W)
CASE3 | CLASS70R(W) - 2 LANES
5 LANES
oASE 2 : CLASSA - 3 LANES+CLASS7OR(W)
16
IRC:6-2014
Table2 Live Load Combinations contd..
NO.OF LANES WIDTH(CW)& LOADINGARRANGE[/ENT

CARRIAGEWAY
FORDESIGN
PURPOSE
5. 5 LANES
coNTD.....
CASE 3 : CLASS 70R (Vv)- 2 TANES+ CLASSA -'t LANE
(M,tJ_
r N T H t SZ 0 N E ) N THrszoNE)
CASE4 : CLASSA -1 LANE+ CLASS70R (W)- 2 LANES
6. 6 LANES
I r-3
L = =
Lll l-
0-1glg j
(MrN.)
CASEl: CLASSA- 6 TANES
. i : d d . i l d d d
CASE2 : CLA$ A- 4 LANES+ CLASS70R (W) rNTHSZoNE)

IRC:6-2014
'
Table 2 Live Load Combinations contd
cTnnru,eoewavwtorn(cwlar-oADINGARRANGEvENT
6 LANES
coNTD.....
(W)- 2 LANES
CASE3: CLASSA- 2- LANES+ CLASS7OR
+ CLASS7:i ir'i
CASE4 r ctASS 7OR(W)+ CLASSA-2LANES
Nofes ;
1) c|aSSToRWhee|ed|oadingintheTab|e2canberep|acedbyC|ass70Rtracked,C|
AA trackedor ClassAA wheeledvehicle'
r in the Table2
areonlyshor"T
2) Maximumnumberof vehicleswhichcan be considered' .In
caseminimumnumberofvehic|esgovernthedesign(e.g.torsion)theSameshalla
considered.
3) All dimensionsin Table2 are in metre'
204.4 Congestion Factor

Forbridges,flyovers/graoeseperatorsclosetoareassuchasports'heavyindustrie
mineSandanyotherareaswherefrequentcongestionofheavyVehicleSmayoccur,add
checkforcongestionofVehicu|arlive|oadonthecarriagewaysha|lbeconsidered'|
absenceofanystipulatedvalue,thecongestionfactor'asmentionedinTable3s
considered.ThisfactorSha||beusedaSamu|tip|yingfactoronthegloba|effectofV
|iveloadonly.Underthiscondition,horizonta|forceduetobraking/acceleration,ce
actionandtemperaturegradienteffectneednotbeinc|uded,buttheeffectofliveloadimp
shallbe included.
-18
IRC:G2014
Table3
Sl. No. Span Range CongestionFactor
1) Above10 m anduoto30 m 1.15
2\ 30.0m to 40.0m 1.15to '1.30
3) 40.0m to 50.0m 1 . 3 0t o 1 . 4 5
4) 50.0m to 60.0m 1 . 4 5t o 1 . 6 0
5) 60.0m to 70.0m 1.60io 1.70
6) Beyond70.0m 1.70
/vole.'ForIntermediate
bridgesspans,thevalueof multiplying
factormaybe interpolated
205 REDUCTIONIN THE LONGITUDINAL

EFFECTON
BRIDGES
ACGOMMODATING MORETHAN
TWO TRAFFICLANES
Reduction in the'longitudinal
effecton bridgeshavingmorethantwo trafficlanesdueto the
Iowprobabilitythatall laneswillbe subjected
to the characteristic
loadssimultaneoustv
shall
be in accordance withtheTableshownbelow:
Numberof lanes Reduction in longitudinal effect

Fortwo lanes No reduction
Forthreelanes 10%reduction
Forfourlanes 20%reduction
Forfiveor morelanes 20%reduction
,Vofes.'
1) However, it shouldbeensuredthatthereducedlongitudinal
effectsarenotlesssevere
thanthe longitudinaleffect,resulting
fromsimultaneous
loadson two adjacentlanes.
Longitudinal effectsmentioned abovearebendingmoment,shearforceandtorsionin
longitudinaldirection.
2) The aboveTableis applicablefor individuallysupportedsuperstructure of multi-laneo
caffiageway.
In the caseof separatesub-structureandfoundations,the numberof lanes
supportedbyeachofthemisto beconsidered whileworkingoutthereduction percentage.
In thecaseof combinedsub-structure andfoundations,thetotalnumberof lanesfor both
thecarriageway is to be considered
whileworkingoutthe reduction
percentage.
206 FOOTOVERBR|DGE,FOOTWAYKERB,RAIL|NGS,
PARAPETAND CRASHBARRIERS
The horizontal
forcespecifiedfor footway,kerb,railings,parapetand crashbaniersin this
sectionneed not be consideredfor the designof mainstructuralmembersof ihe bridge.
However,the connectionbetweenkerb/railings/papapet,crashbarrierandthe deckshould
be adequatelydesignedanddetailed.
19
U
IRC:6-2014
206.1 For all partsof bridgefloorsaccessibleonly to pedestrians and animalsand for
all footwaysthe ioadingshall-be400 kg/m'?. Forthe designof footoverbridgesthe loading
shallbe takenas 500 kg/m2.Whereciowd loadsare likelyto occur,such as, on bridges
whichareeitherceniresof pilgrimage orwherelargecongregational fairs
locatedneartowns,
are heldseasonally, the intensityof footwayloadingshallbe increasedfrom400 kg/m'zto
SO0t g/rr. Whenciowdloadis ionsidered,the bridgeshouldalsobe designedfor the case
of entirecarriageway beingoccupiedby crowdload'
206.2 Kerbs,0.6 m or morein width,shallbe designedfor the aboveloadsandfor a local
lateralforceof 750 kg per metre,appliedhorizontally at top of the kerb.lf kerbwidthis less
than0.6 m, no 1iveloid shallbe appliedin additionto the lateralloadspecifiedabove'
206.3 In bridgesdesigned for any of the loadings described in clause204.1'the main
or othermemberssupporting
girders,trusses,-arches, thefootwaysshallbe designed forthe
in
fillowingliveloadspersquaremetrefor footway arca,the loadedlengthof footwaytaken
eachcaie being,suchas,to producethe worsteffectson the memberunderconsideration:
a) Foreffective as thecasemaybe'
spanof 7.5m or less,400kg/m2or 500kg/m'z
basedon Sub-Clause 206'1'
b)ForeffectivespansofoverT'5mbutnotexceeding30m,theintensity
to the equation:
according
shallbe determined
300)
r = r , _r40L
[
s ,
c) For effectivespansof over 30 m, the intensityof load shallbe determined
accordingto the equation:
16+fq'l
' = [ p,-26s*140
p ] i
l' L l\ 15 )
where,
P1= 400kg/m,or 500kg/m2 asthecasemaybe,basedon sub-clause 206.1.When
crowdloadis considered in
for designof the bridge,the reductionmentioned
thisclausewillnotbe applicable'
P = the liveloadin kg/m'z
spanof the maingirder,trussor archin m, and
L = the effective
W = widthof thefootwayin m
206.4 Eachpartof thefootwayshallbe capableof carryinga wheelloadof 4 tonne,which
overa contactarea300 mm in diameter;
shallbe deemedto includeimpact,distributed the
permissibleworkingstressesshallbe increasedby 25 percentto meetthis provisionThis
provisionneednot be madewherevehiclescannotmountthe footwayas in the caseof a
iootwayseparated fromtheroadwayby meansof an insurmountable obstacle,suchaS,truss
or a maingirder.
Nofe ; A footwaykerb shallbe consideredmountableby vehicles'
.20
IRC:G2014
206.5 ThePedestrian/BicycleRailings/Parapets
Thepedestrian/bicycle railings/parapets canbe of a largevarietyof construction. Thedesign
loadsfor two basictypesaregivenbelow:-
i) Type: Solid/partially filledin parapetcontinuously alongfull lengthfrom
cantilevering
decklevel.
Loading:Horizonial andverticalloadof 150kg/mactingsimultaneously on the top level
of the parapet.
ii) Type: Frametype with discreteverticalposts cantileveringfrom the curb/deckwith
minimumtwo rowsof horizontalrails(thirdrow bringthe curb itself,or curb
replacedbya lowlevel3'drail).Therailsmaybe simplysupported or continuous
overthe posts.
Loading:Eachhorizontal railingdesignedfor horizontal and verticalloadof 150 kg/m,
actingsimultaneously overthe rail.The fillerportion,supportedbetweenany
two horizontal railsandverticalrailsshouldbe designed to resisthorizontalload
of 150kg/m2. Thepoststo resisthorizontal loadof 150kg/mX spacingbetween
postsin metresactingon top of the post.
206.6 CrashBarriers
Crashbarriersaredesignedto withstandthe impactof vehiclesof certainweightsat certain
anglewhiletravellingat the specifiedspeed.Theyare expectedto guidethe vehicleback
on the roadwhilekeepingthe levelof damageto vehicleas well as to the barrierswithin
acceptablelimits.
for differentapplications:
arethethreecategories
Following
Category Application Containmentfor

or '15kN vehicleat 110km/h,and
P-1: NormalContainment Bridgescarryingexpressway,
equivalent 20" angleof impact
P-2:LowContainment All otherbridgesexcePtbridge 15 kN vehicleat 80 km/h and
overrailways 20" angleof impact
P-3:HighContainment andhighrisk
At hazardous 300kN vehicleat 60 km/hand
overbusyrailwaylines, 20"angleof impact
locations,
etc.
complexinterchanges,
reinforced
The barrierscanbe of rigidtype,usingcast-in-situ/precast concretepanels,or of
flexibletype,constructedusingmetalliccold-rolledand/orhot-rolled sections.The metallic
type,calledsemi-rigidtype,sufferlargedynamicdeflectionof theorderof 0.9to 1.2 m impact,
whereasthe 'rigid'
concretetypesuffercomparatively negligible deflection.The efficacyof
the iwo typesof barriersis established on the basisof full size tests carriedout by the
laboratories in suchtesting.Dueto ihe complexities
specializing action,the
of the structural
valueof imoactforcecannotbe quantified.
21
{r/
IRC:6-2014
fromsuchlaboratory
A certificate can be the onlybasisof acceptance type,
of the semi-rigid
in whichcaseallthedesigndetailsandconstruction detailstestedbythe laboratory areto be
and
followedin totowithoutmodifications without changing relativestrengths and positions
of anyof the connectionsandelements.
thesamemethodis acceptable.
Fortherigidtypeof barrier, However. in absenceoftesting/test
the minimumdesignresistance
certificate, shownin Table4 shouldbe builtintothesection.
Table4 Minimum Design Resistance
sl. Requirement Typesof CrashBarrier
No. P-1ln-situ/ P-2In-situ/ P-3In-situ
Precast Precast
1) Shape Shapeon trafflcsideto be as per IRC:S,or New
Jersey(NJ)Typeof'F' Shapedesignated thus
bvAASHTO
2) Minimumgradeof concrete M40 M40 M40
Minimumthicknessof R C wall 1 7 5m m 1 7 5m m 250mm
( at top)
4) Minimummomentof resistance15 kNm/m 7.5kNm/m 100 kNm/mfor
at baseof the wall[seenote(i)] end sectionand
for bendingin verticalplanewith 75 kNm/mfor
reinforcement adjacentto the intermediate section
trafficfacelseenote(ii)l lsee note (iii)l
Minimum momentof resistance7.5kNm/m 3.75kNm/m 40 kNm/m
for bendingin horizontal plane
with reinforcement adjacentto
outerfacelseenote(ii)]
6) Minimummomentof resistance 22.5 1 1. 2 5 Not applicable
of anchorageat the base of a kNm/m kNm/m
precast reinforced concrete
panel
7) Minimum transverse shear 44 kN/m of 22.5kN/m Not applicable
resistance at vertical joints joint ofjoint
betweenprecastpanels,or at
verticaljoints made between
lenqthsof in-situcrashbarrier.
B) Minimum height 900mm 900mm 1 5 5 0m m
Notes .'
i) sectionsof the parapetwithin300 mm abovethe
The baseof wall refersto horizontal
adjoiningpavedsurfacelevel.The minimummomentsof resistance shallreducelinearly
fromthe baseof wallvalueto zeroat topof the parapet.
ii) In additionto the mainreinforcement,in items4 & 5 above,distributionsteelequalto
50 percentof the mainreinforcementshallbe providedin the respective
faces.
22
IRC:6-2014
iii) Fordesignpurpose thecrashbarrierTypeP-3shallbedividedintoendsections extending
a distancenotgreaterthan3.0m fromendsof thecrashbarrierandintermediate sections
extending alongremainder of thecrashbarrier.
iv) lf concretebarrieris usedas a mediandivider,the steelis requiredto be placedon both
sides.
v) In caseof P-3In-situtype,a minimumhorizontal transverse shearresistanceof 135kN/m
shallbe provided.
206.7 Vehicle Barriers/PedestrianRailing between Footpath and Carriageway
Where considerablepedestriantrafficis expected,such as, in/neartownships,rigid type of
reinforcedconcretecrash barriershouldbe providedseparatingthe vehiculartrafficfrom the
same.The designand constructiondetailsshouldbe as per Clause206.6.For any othertype
of rigid barrier,the strengthshouldbe equivalentto that of rigid RCC type.
For areas of low intensityof pedestriantraffic,semi-rigidtype of barrier,which sufferslarge
deflectionscan be adopted.
207 TRAMWAYLOADING
207.1 Whena roadbridgecarriestram lines,the live loaddue to the type of tram cars
sketchedin Fig.4 shallbe computed
and shallbe considered to occupya 3 m widthof
roaoway.
207.2 A noseto tailsequenceof thetramcarsor anyothersequence
whichproduces
the
heavieststressesshallbe considered
in the desion.
*t-**l
----l
l t l 1 . 9
ls
l-ll"r
:rr iXi i J
l
L_i.i#_:m
ffirl .{,
l-+i.f
t t r t t
:n-ir,rl I 1
Fig.4 AverageDimension
of TramwayRollingStock(Clause207.1)
23
IRC:6-2014
Nofes i r straight tracks laid at
between passing single deck bogie cars or
1 ) Clearance
;#dJr.ts ; trackcentres shallbe300mm'
tracks laid ai standard
bei\iveen passlng doublebogie cars on straight
2\ Clearance
i.id t ttu"r< shallbe 450 mm'
""ntres
3) Lineardimensions in metre'
ROLLINGSTOCKWEIGHT
UnloadedWeight (Tonne)
LoadedWeight (Tonne)
Singletruck(Singledeck)
Bogiecar(Singledeck)
Bogiecar (Doubledeck)
lines'
notoccupiedbYthe tramcar
b)Theappropriatestandard|oadingspecifiedinClause204.lwithoutanytramca
208 IMPAGT
by an increment of theliveloadby
for impactor dynamic action
208.1 Provision
as a
:l1f:^made
or a
fraction of theappliedliveload'
percentage
an impactallow"n"""*p'"=J
B Loading
208.2 For GlassA or Class
oranv
rnthemembers desisned:ll!::l:::lfi;t#;ni",t"i",gi::
bridse 'ffi?1i:
,,;iJ],Un Hln ;;n
$"H:iliil'11'; s pr
ap
are
which i&b Ieror
ffi:iil"[?:ff
45 m'
";
soansbetween3 m and
4.5
i)' lmPactfactorfractionfor ==--'
reinforcedconcretebridges b+L
I
bridges =
ii) lmpactfactorfractionfor steel 1 3 . 5+ L
lengthin metresof the span as specifiedin Clause208'5

WhereL is
24
IRC:6-2014
208.3 For ClassAA Loadingand Class 70R Loading
The value of the impactpercentageshall be taken as follows:-
a) For spans less than 9 m :
1) for trackedvehicles : 25 percentfor spansupto5 m lineady
to 10percent
reducing forspansupto9 m
2) for wheeledvehicles : 25 percent
b) For spans of 9 m or more :
i) Reinforced concrete bridges
1) Trackedvehicles . 10 percentuptoa spanof 40 m and
in accordance withthecurvein Fig.5
for spansin excessof 40 m-
2) Wheeledvehicles 25 percentfor spansupto12 m and
in accordance withthecurvein Fig.5
forsoansin excessof 12 m.
ii) Steel bridges
3) Trackedvehicles : 10 percent for allspans
4) Wheeledvehicles : 25 percentfor spansupto23 m andin
accordance with the curveindicated
in Fig.5 forspansin excessof 23 m.
208.4 No impactallowanceshall be addedto the footwayloadingspecifiedin Clause206.
P E R C E N TF O R S P A N SO F 4 5 m O R N I O R E
0 3 6 912 15 1A 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57
SDanin Metre
Fig. 5 lmpactPercentagefor HighwayBridgesfor ClassA and ClassB Loading(Clause208.2)
25
IRC:6-2014
20g.5 Thespanlengthto be considered specifiedin
for arrivingat the impactpercentages
Clause208.2and208.3shallbe as follows:
a) For spanssimplysupportedor continuousor for arches

spanon whichthe loadis placed.
the effective
b) For bridgeshavingcantileverarms withoutsuspendedspans """"""""'

the effectiveoverhangof the cantileverarms reducedby 25 percentfor loads
on the cantileverarms and the effectivespan betweensupportsfor loadson
themainsPan.
c) For bridgeshavingcantileverarmswith suspendedspan """"'

the effectiveoverhang of the cantileverarm plus half the length of the
suspendedspan for loads on the cantileverarm, the efiectivelengthof the
suspendedspan for loadson the suspendedspan and the effectivespan
betweensupportsfor loadon the mainspan.
Note: members
Forindividual of a bridge,suchas,a crossgirderor deckslab,etc.thevalueof
L mentioned 208.2orthespansmentioned
in Clause inclause 208.3shallbetheeffective
spanofthemember underconsideration'
208.6 ln any bridgestructurewherethereis a fillingof not lessthan0.6 m includingthe

roadcrust,the impactpercentage to be allowedin the designshallbe assumedto be one-
halfof whatis specifiedin Clauses208.2and208.3.
208.7 For calculatingthe pressureon the bearingsand on the top surfaceof the bed
impactpercentage
blocks,full valueof the appropriale shallbe allowed.But,for the design
of piersabutments andstructures,generallybelowthe levelof the top of the bed block'the
appropriate impactpercentage by thefactorgivenbelow:
shallbe multiplied
a) Forcalculatingthe pressureat the

bott,omsurfaceof the bed block 0.5
b) Forcalculating the pressureon the 0.5

too 3 m of the structurebelowthe bed block decreasing
to zero
uniformly
the pressureon the portionof the

c) Forcalculating zefo
structuremorethan3 m belowthe bedblock
zo
IRC:6-2014
208.8 ln the designof memberssubjected to amongotherstresses,directtension,such
as, hangersin a bowstringgirderbridgeand in the designof membersubjectedto direct
compression, suchas, spandrelcolumnsor wallsin an openspandrelarch,the impact
percentageshallbe takenthe sameas that applicable to the designof the corresponding
memberor membersof the floorsystemwhichtransferloadsto the tensileor comDressrve
members in ouestion.
208.9 Theseclauses on impactdo notapplyto thedesignof suspension bridges andfoot

overbridges.In cablesuspended bridgesand in otherbridgeswhereliveloadto deadload
ratiois high,the dynamiceffectssuchas vibrationandfatigueshallbe considered.Forlong
spanfootoverbridges(withfrequencylessthan5 Hz and 1.5 Hz in verticaland horizontal
direction)thedynamiceffectsshallbe considered, if necessary,
forwhichspecialist
titerature
may be referred.
209 WIND LOAD
209.1 Thisclauseis applicable to normalspanbridges withindividual spanlengthup to

150m or for bridgeswithheightof pierup to 100m. Forall otherbridgesincluding cable
stayedbridges,suspensionbridgesand ribbonbridgesspecialistliterature
shallbe usedfor
computationof designwindload.
2og'1-1 The wind pressure actingon a bridgedependson the geographicar locations,

the terrainof surrounding area,the fetchof terrainupwindof the site location,the local
topography, the heightof bridgeabovethe ground,horizontaldimensions andcross-section
of bridgeor its elementunderconsideration. The maximumpressureis due to quststhat
causelocalandtransient fluctuations
aboutthe meanwindDressure.
All structures
shallbe designedfor the windforcesas specifiedin clause 209.3and 209.4.
Theseforcesshallbe considered to aci in sucha directionthatthe resultantstressesin the
memberunderconsideration aremaximum.
In additionto applyingthe prescribedloadsin thedesignof bridgeelements,

stabilityagainst
overturning, upliftandslidingdueto windshallbe considered.
209.2 Thewindspeedat the locationof bridgeshallbe basedon basicwindspeeomapas

shownin Fig.6. Theintensity of windforceshallbe basedon hourlymeanwindspeedand
pressureas shownin Table5. The hourlymeanwindspeedand pressurevalues givenin
Table5 corresponds to a basicwindspeedof 33 m/s,returnperiodof .100years,for bridges
situatedin plainterrainandterrainwithobstructions,
witha flattopography.Thehourrymean
windpressureshallbe appropriately modifieddepending on the locationof bridgefor other
27
IRC:6-2014
basicwindspeedas shownin Fig. 6 and usedfor design(seenotesbelowTable5).
Table5 HourlyMeanWind SpeedAnd Wind Pressure
(For a basic wind speed of 33 m/s as shown in Fig. 6)
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain wi th Obstructions
H (m)
V. (m/s) P. (N/m'z) V. (m/s) P, (N/m'?)
Up to 10 m 27.80 463.70 17.80 190.50

15 29.20 512.50 19.60 230.50
20 30.30 550.60 21.OO 265.30
30 31.40 590.20 22.80 312.20
50 33.10 659.20 24.90 373.40
60 33.60 676.30 25.60 392.90
70 34.00 693.60 26.20 412.80
80 34.40 711.20 26.90 433.30
90 34.90 729.00 27.50 454.20
100 35.30 747.00 28.20 475.60
H = theaverage heightin metresof exposed surface
surfaceabovethemeanretarding
(groundor bedorwaterlevel)
meanspeedofwindin m/sat height
hourly H
P wind
= horizontal pressure in N/m2 at height
H
Nofes ;
1) Intermediate valuesmaybe obtainedby linearinterpolation.
2) Plainterrainrefersto openterrainwith no obstruction or with very well scattered
obstructions havingheightupto 10 m.Terrainwithobstructions refersto a terrainwith
numerouscloselyspaced structures,forests or trees upto 10 m in heightwith few
isolatedtallstructures or terrainwithlargenumberof high closed spacedobstruction
like structures,treesforestsetc.
For othervaluesof basicwindspeedas indicatedin Fig. 6, the hourlymeanwind
speedshallbe obtainedby multiplying the corresponding wind speedvalueby the
ratioof basicwind speedat the locationof bridgeto the valuecorresponding to
Table5, (i.e.,33m/sec.)
4) Thehourlymeanwindpressure at an appropriateheightandterrainshallbe obtained by
multiplyingthecorresponding pressure valuefor basewind speed as indicatedin Table5
bythe ratioof squareof basicwindspeedat thelocation of windto squareof base wind
speedcorresponding to Table5 (i.e.,33m/sec).
5) lf the topography(hill,ridge escarpment or cliff)at the structuresite can cause
acceleration or funnelingof wind,the wind pressureshallbe furtherincreasedby
20 oercentas statedin Note4.
6 ) Forconstruction stages,the hourlymeanwindpressure shallbe takenas 70 percent
of the valuecalculated as statedin Note4 and5.
7) Forthedesignoffootoverbridgesintheurbansituations andin plainterrain,a minimum
horizontal windloadof 1.5 kN/m'z (150kg/m'z) and 2 kN/m2(200kg/m'z) respectively
shallbe considered to be actingon thefrontalareaof the bridge.
IRC:6-2014
209.3 DesignWind Forceon Superstructure
209'3'1 The superstructure shallbe designedfor wind inducedhorizontalforces
in the transverseand rongitudinar (acting
directioi)and verti.car rouo. u"ting;;Jitunuorr,y. rn"
assumedwinddirectionshallbe perpendicuiar to longitudinar
to an axischosento maximize axisfor a straightstructureor
thewindinouceoeffLcisi;;;.il;;;;;;',;
209'3'2 Thetransverse ","".
ylno ror9.eon a bridgesuperstructure shailbe estimated as specified
in Clause209.3.3andactingon the areacaicutateJ
as follows:
a) For a deck structure:
The areaof the structureas seenin erevation incruding the froorsystemand
rairing,ress area of perforations in hand rairingor p"arapet-wars
considered. Foropenandsoridparapets, sha[ be
crashbarriersand rairings, the sorid
areaIn normarprojected erevation of theerementshat be consiJereo.
b) For truss structures:
Appropriate areaas specifiedin Annex C shallbe taken.
c) For constructionstages
Theareaat al stagesof construction shal be the appropriate
areaof structure. unshierded sorid
209'3'3 Thetransverse r1lnt F, (in N) shailbe takenas actingat the centroids
appropriate iolce
areasand horizontally of the
anil shallbe estimated from:
Fr=prxArxGxCo
where,z is the houdyme-a1 windpressurein N/m2(seeTabte5), A',is the sorid
(seeclause 209'3.2),G is the gustfactorand c, areain m2
geometric iJ-the drag coeffiiientdepending on the
shapeof bridgedeck.
For highwaybridgesup to a spanof 150m, which
are generaily notsensitive ro dynamic
actionof wind,gustfactorshallbe takenas 2.0.
The dragcoefficient for srabbridgeswithwidthto depthratioof cross_sectio
shallbe iakenas 1.1. n, i.e b/d > 10
For brid^ge deckssupported by singlebeamor box girder,co shallbe takenas
tatioof 2 andas 1 3 t'fb/d > 6. Forintermediat 1.s forb/d
e b/d rZtiosco Srralto" irt"ip"i#0. Fordeck
supportedby two or morebeamsor box girders,where
the beamsof boxesto the depthdoesnot"exceeo the ratioof cleardistancebetween
7, c" rorthe combinedstructuresha, be
takenas 1.5timesCoforthesinglebeamor box_
sunnorted bysingreprategirderit shailbetakenas 2.2.whenthe
f.31lgct
by twoor moreplategirders,forthecombined deckis supponeo
structureCoshallO"t"f,".
not morethan4, wherec is the centreto cenhedistance af icl2od), but
of ",
adjacentgirders,and d is the
depthof windwardgirder.
Fortrussgirdersuperstructure the dragcoefficients sha[ be derivedas givenin Annex c.
Forothertypeof deckcross-sections c, shallbe ascertained
if available, eitherfromwindtunnej testsor,
for simirartypeof structure,"speciarist
riterature
sha| be referredto.
J I
IRC:6-2014
F' (inN)shallbetakenas 25 percent
forceon bridgesuperstructure S]
209.3.4Thelongitudinal as per Clause209'3.3for beam/
and 50 percentof tne transv-Jrr"*ini loadas calculated :i
OoVpfat'egirderbridgesandtrussgirderbridgesrespectively'
2 0 9 ' 3 . 5 A n u p w a r d o r d o w n w a r d v e r t i c a | w i n d from:
|oadFu(inN)actingatthecentroidof
,ppt"pti"t" for all superstructures shallbe derived
"t"as,
Fu= Prx Arx G x C,
wnere
heightH (seeTable5)
P, is the hourlymeanwindpressurein N/m'zai
A, is theareain Planin m2
box'
C, is the liftcoefficient whichshallbe takenas 0 75 for normaltypeof slab'
| . g i r d e r a n d p | a t e g i r d e r b r i d g e s . F o r o t h e r t y p e o f dfor
e csimilar
k c r o stype
s.se
ofc t i o n s C , s
either from wind iunnel tests or, if available,
be ascenarned
structure. Specialist literature shallbe referredto
G is the gustfactoras definedin 209'3'3

2 0 9 ' 3 . 6 . T h e t r a n s v e r s e w i n d | o a d p e r u n i t e209'3'3
x p o s eexcept
d f r o nthat
t a | aC'r eagainst
a o f t h eshall
|iveloadsha
computedusingthe *pt;;;i"; Fr'giuun in ilause
of the
be taken as 1.2. The frJntlt area of live load shall be the entirelengthpartof
or any
superstructure ere'v"ailiin ftr" oir"ctionof windas definedin clause the roaowav
seenin ";;;"1
a heightof 3'0 m above
idt l";gih'tt"ducing critiJ '"'pon""' multiplied,byneglected.
be
surface.Areasbelowthetop of a soiidbaniershall
The|ongitudina|windloadon|ive|oadsha||betakenaS 25pe
acting atr c1.5
e nm
t oabove
f i r a n the
sversewind
above.Bothi;;;;ii
as catcutated be apptiedsimultaneously
roaoway.
to be carryingany live loadwhen the wind
209.3.7The bridgesshallnot be considered
soeedat decklevelexceeds36 m/s'
209'3.3lncaseofcanti|everconstructionanupwardwindpressureofP'xC,xGN/m,(
C|ause209.3.5fornotations)onbottomsoffitarea.sha|lbeassumedonstabi|izingcanti
as perclause209.3'3.In additionto
armin additionto tn" trun.u6oewindeffecicalculated
alsobe takenintoconsideration'
the above,otherloadsd"?i;Ji. clause218.3shall
209.4 DesignWind Forceson Substructure
T h e s u b s t r u c t u r e s h a | l b e d e s i g n e d f o r w i n d i n d u c e dLoads
| o a d sfor
t r wind
ansm ittedtoitfromt
directions
and wind tuor direcfly on the substructure.
superstructure "Jfing of the superstructure shall be
both normalano sxewel io tne iongituoinalcenterline
considered.
in Cla,use 209'3'3withA1takenas the-solidareain
F, shallbe computedusingexpression shallbe madefor shielding.
nilrmalprojected elevati;n'oi;;crrpier.No allowance
F o r p i e r s , C , s h a l | b e t a k e'u"l"rtuin"a
n f r o m T a b l e 6 ' F o r p i e r s wtunnel
ithcro s s - or'
tests S e if
c tavailable'
i o n d i s s ifor
mi|artotho
givenin Table5, c" .nuff"o" eitheifrom wind
IRC:6-2014
similartypeof structure,
specialist
literature
shallbe referredto C^shallbe derivedfor each
pier,withoutshielding.
Table 6 Drag Coefficients Co For Piers
HEIGHT
cDFoR PIER RATIOSOF
BREADTH
PLAN SHAPE
! 1 l0 20 40
b
WIND
- flo <i
1 1-3 1.4 t.5 1.6 't.7 1.9 2.1
t_.1
........-
! a
1
't 1.3 1.4 '1.5 't.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
---r t
l 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
1.2 1.4 1.4 2.0
I2 '1.0 't.'l 't.2 1.4 1.7
2 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 't.4
3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 't.0 1.2
>4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1
SQUARE
OR -------->
OCTAGONAL
't.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 't.4
12 SIDE POLYGON
0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 't.0

CIRCLEWITHSMOOTH
SURFACEHERE
tV,>6nz/S
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

CIRCLEWITHSMOOTH
SURFACEWHERE
tV,>6m'/S
CIRCLEWITHROUGH
SURFACsORWITH
PROJECTIONS 0.7 0.7 't.2
0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0
IRC:6-2014
Nofes ;
1) Forrectangularpierswithroundedcornerswithradiusr, thevalueof CDderivedfrom
is greater.
by (1-1.5r/b)or O.5,whichever
Tabfe6 shallbe multiplied
2) Fora pierwithtriangular encompassing
nosing,CDshallbederivedasfortherectangle
the outeredgesof pier.
3) For piertaperingwith heighi,CDshallbe derivedfor eachof the unit heightsinto
whichthe supporthas beensubdivided. Meanvaluesof f and b for eachunitheight
shallbe usedto evaluatet/b.The overallpierheightand meanbreadthof eachunit
heightshallbe usedto evaluateheighVbreadth.
4) After construciionof the superstructureC, shall be derivedfor heightto breadth
. ratioof 40.
209.5 Wind Tunnel Testing
Wind tunnel testing by established procedures shall be conducted for dynamically

sensitivestructuressuch as cable stayed,suspensionbridgesetc., includingmodelingof
appurtenances.
FORCESDUE TO WATERCURRENTS
210 HORIZONTAL
210,1 Any part of a road bridgewhich may be submergedin runningwater shall be
pressuredueto theforceof the current.
designedto sustainsafelythe horizontal
210.2 On piersparallelto the directionof thewatercurrent,the intensityof pressureshall

fromthefollowingequation:
be calculated
P = 52Kf
where,
P = intensityof pressuredue to watercurrent,in kgim'z
the velocityof the currentat the pointwherethe pressureintensityis being

calculated,in metrepersecond,and
K a constantfiavingthefollowing shapesof piersillustrated

valuesfordifferent
in Fig.7
i) Squareendedpiers(andfor the superstructure) 1.50
i i ) Circularpiersor pierswithsemi-circular
ends u.oo
cut andeasewaters,the angle

iii) Pierswithtriangular
includedbetweenthe facesbeing30oor less 0.50
2A
7
II
IRC:6-20'14
iv) Pierswithtriangularcut andeasewaters,the angle
includedbetweenthe facesbeingmorethan30o
butlessthan600 0.50to 0.70
v) -do-60 to 90o 0.70to 0.90
vi) Pierswithcutandeasewatersof equilateral
arcsof circles 0.45
vii)Pierswitharcsof the cutandeasewaters
intersectingat 90o 0.50
E Pierswith squareends
Circularpiersor pierswith semF

circularends
Piers with triangularcut and ease

waters,the angleincludedbetween
the faces being30 degreesor less
Pierswith triangularcut and ease

the faces being more than 30
degreesbut lessthan60 degrees
Pierswith triangularcut and ease

the faces being60 to 90 degrees
Pierswith cut and easewatersof

equilateralarcs of circles
Pierswith arcs of the cut and ease

watersintersectingat 90 degrees
Fig.7 Shapesof Bridgepiers(Ctause210.2)

d
IRC:6-2014
210.3 The valueof V2 in the equationgivenin Clause210.2shallbe assumedto vary
linearlyfrom zero at the pointof deepestscourto the squareof the maximumvelocityat
thefreesurfaceof water.The maximumvelocityfor the purposeof thissub-clauseshallbe
assumedto be ./2timesthe maximummeanvelocityof the current.
POINTOF DEEPEST
SCOUR
-2
Squareof velocityat a height'X' fromthe pointof deepestScour= U2=

2VX
wnere
V is the maximummeanvelocity.
210.4 Whenthe currentstrikesthe pierat an angle,the velocityof the currentshallbe
- one parallelandthe othernormalto the pier.
resolvedintotwo components
a) The pressureparallelto the pier shall be determinedas indicatedin
of thevelocityof thecurrent
Clause210.2takingthevelocityas thecomponent
in a directionoarallelto the pier.
b) The pressureof the current,normalto the pierand actingon the areaof the
sideelevationof the pier,shallbe calculatedsimilarlytakingthe velocityas the
component of thevelocityof thecurrentin a directionnormalto thepier,andthe
constantK as '1.5,exceptin the caseof circularpierswherethe constantshall
be takenas 0.66
210.5 Toprovideagainstpossible variation of thecurrentfromthedirection
of thedirection
assumedin thedesign,allowance shallbe madein thedesignof piersforan extravariationin
the currentdirectionof 20 degreesthatis to say,piersintendedto be parallelto the direction
of currentshallbe designed for a variationof 20 degreesfromthe normaldirection of current
andpiersoriginally intendedto be inclinedat 0 degreeto the directionof the currentshallbe
designedfor a currentdirectioninclinedat (20te)degreesto the lengthof the pier.
210.6 In caseof a bridgehavinga puccaflooror havingan inerodible bed,the effectof
shallin no casebe takenas lessthanthatof a staticforcedueto a difference
cross-currents
of headof 250 mm betweenthe oppositefacesof a pier.
210.7 Whensupportsare madewithtwo or morepilesor trestlecolumns,spacedcloser
acrossthe directionof flow,the groupshallbe
thanthreetimesthe widthof piles/columns
JO
IRC:6-2014
treatedas a solid rectangleof the same overalllength and width and the
value of K taken
as 125 for calculatingpressuresdue to water currents,both parallel
and normalto the
pier.lf such piles/columnsare braced,then the groupshouldbe considered as a solidoier.
irrespectiveof the spacingof the columns.
211 LONGITUDINAL
FORCES
211'1 ln all roadbridges,provision
shallbe madefor longitudinal
forcesarisingfromany
oneor moreof thefollowingcauses:
a) Tractiveeffortcausedthroughaccereration of the drivingwheers;
b) Brakingeffectresultingfromthe application of the brakesto brakedwheels;
and
c) Frictional resistance
offeredto the movement of freebearingsdueto changeof
remperature or anyothercause.
NOTE: Braking
effectis jnvarjably
greaterthanthetractive
effort.
211'2 Thebraking effecton a simplysupported
spanor a continuous unitof spansor on
anyothertypeof bridgeunitshailbe assumedto havethe foilowingvarue:
a) In the caseof a singreraneor a two ranebridge : twentypercentof the first
trainloadplusien percentof the loadof the succeeding trainsor partthereof,
the trainroadsin one raneonly beingconsidered for the purposeof this sub_
clause. where the entirefirsttrainis not on the fuil span,the brakingforce
shallbe takenas equarto twentypercentof the roadsactualyon the spanor
continuous unitof spans.
b) In the case of bridgeshavingmore than two-tanes:as in (a) abovefor the
firsttwo lanesplusfivepercentof the roadson the lanesin excessof two.
Nofe.'TheloadsrnthisClause shallnotbeincreased onaccount of impact.
211.3 Theforcedueto brakingeffectshallbe assumedto act alonga lineparallel
to the
roadwayand1.2m aboveit. while transferring the forceto the bearings, the changein the
verticalreactionat the bearingsshouldbe takenintoaccount.
21|1'4 Thedistribution of longitudinal
horizontal forcesamongbridgesupportsiseffectedby
the horizontaldeformation of bridges,flexingof thesupportsandrotationof thefoundations.
For spansrestingon stiff supports,the distribution may be assumedas given belowin
Clause211.5.Forspansrestingon flexiblesupports, distribution
of horizontalforcesmaybe
carriedoutaccording to procedure givenbelowin Clause211.6.
211.5 SimplySupportedand ContinuousSpanson UnyieldingSupports
211.5.1 Simplysupportedspanson unyieldingsuppotts
211.5.1.1 Fora simplysupported spanwithflxedandfreebearings (otherthanelastomeric
type)on stiffsupports,horizontal
forcesat the bearinglevelin the longitudinal
direction
shall
37
IRC:6-2014
be greaterof thetwovaluesgivenbelow:
Fixedbearing Free bearing
r) Fr- v /Rn+R) P (RO*RJ
or F,
ii) -LL+ p (Rn+R) U(RN*RJ
where,
F, = AppliedHorizontal force
Rs= Reactionat thefreeenddueto deadload
= Reactionat freeenddueio liveload
&
u= of frictionat the movablebearingwhichshallbe assumedto havethe
coefficient
values:
following
i) Forsteelrollerbearings 0.03
ii) Forconcreterollerbearings 0.05
iii) Forslidingbearings:
a) Steelon castironor steelon steel O-4
b) Graycastiron
Graycastiron(Mechanite) 0.3
c) Concrete overconcrete withbitumen
layerin between 0.5
d) Teflonon stainlesssteel 0.03and0.05
is governlng
whichever
Note :
a) For designof bearings,the corresponding forcesmay be taken as per relevantIRC
Codes.
b) Unbalanced dead load shallbe accountedfor properly.The structureunderthe fixed
bearingshallbe designedto withstand force.
thefullseismicanddesignbraking/tractive
211.5.1.2|ncaseofSimp|ySupportedSma||spansuptol0mrestjng.onunyie
at
supportsand where no bearing!are brovided,horizontalforce in the longitudinaldirection
the bearinglevelshall be
tr
12 or URswhicheveris greater
z
211.5.1.3 For a simplysupportedspan sitingon identicalelastomeric bearingsat each
end restingon unyieldingsupports. Forceat each eno
F-t
= +v tt.t c
2
V, = shearratingof the elastomerbearings

of deckabovebearing,otherthanthatdueto appliedforces
l,^ = movemenr
?e
IRC:6-2014
211.5.1.4 Thesubstructureandfoundation
shallalsobedesigned for 10percentvariation
in movement
of thesoanon eitherside-
211.5.2 Forcontinuousbridgeswithonefixedbearingor otherfreebearings:
Fixedbearing Free bearing

Case-l
(uR - uL) +ve Fhactingin +ve direction
(a) lf, Fh> 2 pR
Fh-(pR+pL)
pRx
(b) lf, Fn< 2pR
.t a' ,z\ ).r -t R + ( u R - u L )

Case-ll
(uR - ttL) +ve Fhacting in -ve direction
(a) Il Fh> 2 trl
Fn-(pR+pL)
(b) If, Fn< 2pL pRx
Fn * (uR_uL)
1+\n,
is greater
whichever
wnere,
nLor nR = numberof free.bearings to the leftor rightof fixedbearings,respectively
pL or pR = thetotalhorizontal forcedeveloped at thefreebearingsto the leftor right
of the fixed bearingrespectively
p& = the net horizontalforce developedat any one of the free bearings
considered to the leftor rightof thefixedbearings
Note.'Inseismic areas,thefixedbearing shallalsobe checked forfullseismic
forceandbraking/
tractiveforce.Thestructureunderihe fixedbearingshallbe designedto withstand the full
seismicanddesignbraking/tractive force.
211.6 SimplySupportedand ContinuousSpanson FlexibleSupports
211.6.1Shearratingofa supportisthehorizontalforce requiredto movethetopofthesupport
througha unitdistancetakinginioaccounthorizontal deformation of the bridges,flexibility
of
thesupportandrotationof thefoundation.Thedistribution of 'applied'longitudinal horizontal
forces(e.9.,braking,seismic,windetc.)dependssolelyon shearratingsof thesupportsand
maybe estimated in proportion to the ratioof individual
shearratingsof a supportto the sum
of the shearratingsof all the supports.
39
bvdeckmovement
caused (owing
of serf-induced force
horizontar
Xl?.i.;"fi" distribution notonlyonshearratings
depends
totemperature,shrinKage, "rutti":Pfl19::')
"iu"p'
o f t h e s u p p o r t s b u t a | s o o n t h e i o c a tapplied
i o n o f t and
h e . zself-induced m e n t p o iforce
e r o , m o v ehorizontal h e dthe
n t i n tand eck.Thes
supports, tne iistrioution of for
ratingof the per recognized theory
of the point ;i;;r" movementmay ne maoeas
determination on the subjects'
whichreference maybe madeto publications
2 , | 1 ' T T h e e f f e c t s o f b r a k i n g f o r c e accordance
o n b r i d g e s*it'
t r u cupprou"o
t u r e s w i."ihodt r i n g s , sof
t h o u t b eofa analysis uchas,a
etc., sha, be cicurated in
rigidframes,
indeterminate structures'
2 , | l . s T h e e f f e c t s o f t h e | o n g i t u d i n a lpu:tiY"
f o r c e searth
a n d resistance
a||otherh r i z soil
ofothe a | f o r the
o n t below cesshou|
levet *nL'" ti" resultant
calculatedupto a puccafloor) balances these
i" case of a bridgahaving
deepesiscour rever(fr"";j;;;i
forces.
FORCES
212 GENTRIFUGAL
aroadbridge c:T?
issituated-on-a
212.1where De3[::ffiffi$:#:]::r"fl""",",1":l
lfte actionof movingvehiclesare to
centrifugal be subjecied'
by thisaction," to attotn"|.stressto whichtheymay
induced "oii,i"i
force shall be determined fromthefollowingequation:
212.2 The centrifugal
W2
127R
wnere,
C = c e n t r i f u g a l f o r c e a c t i n g n o r m a l l y t o over
t h e ,every
t r a f f imetre t t h e pon
c ( 1 ) alength n t o f .a c t i o n
o iwhich
wheelloads or (2) uniformly distributecl
uniformly distributed loadacts'in tonnes
as
= load (1) in case of wheel loads'eachwheelload beingconsidered
W Live ano
specifiedin Clause204' in tonnes'
actingoverthe groundcontagllength
distributed liveload'in tonnesperlinearmetre'
(2) in caseot a riniformty
ano
vehiclesusingthe bridgein km per hour'
V = Thedesrgnspeedof the
R = The radiusof curvaturein metres'
2,|2'gThecentrifugalforceshal|beconsideredtoactataheightofl.2mabovethe
of the carriagewaY'
212'4Noincreasefor|mpacteffectsha||bemadeonthestressduetocentrifuga
40
IRC:6-2014
212'5 Theoverturning
effectof the centrifugal
forceon thestructureas a wholeshallalso
be dulyconsidered.
213 BUOYANCY
213'1 In the designof abutments,especiailythose
of submersibrebridges,the effectsof
buoyancyshall also be consideredassumingthat the fill
behindthe abuitments
has been
removedby scour.
213'2 To arrowfor fuil buoyancy,a reductionshail be

made in the gross weight of the
memberaffectedby reducingits densityby the densityof
the dispracedwater.
/Vofe; '1) The densityof water may be taken as 1.OUm3
2)For artesiancondition.HFL or actuarwater head, whichever

is higher,shail be
consideredfor calculating
the uplift.
213'3 In the design of submergedmasonryor concrete
structures,the buoyancyeffect
throughpore pressuremay be limitedto 15 percentof full
buoyancy.
213'4 In case of submersiblebridges,the full buoyancy
effecton the superstructure
shall
be taken into consideration.
214 EARTH PRESSURE

214'1 Structures designedto retainearthfillsshallbe proportioned
to withstanopressure
calculatedin accordance with any rationartheory.couromb,stheoryshal be acceptabre,
subjectto themodificationthatthecentreof pr"".ri" u*urt"dbythebackfill,whenconsidered
dry is locatedat an elevationof 0.42of the heightof thewallabove
the baseinsteadof 0.33
of thatheight.No structure-s shall,however, be designedto withstanda horizontar
pressure
lessthanthatexeftedby a fluidweighing480 kg/m3.All abutments
andreturnwallsshallbe
designedfor a liveloadsurcharge equivalentto 1.2m earthfill.
214'2 Reinforced concreteapproachslabwith 12 mm dia i50 mm c/c in eachdirection
bothat top and bottomas reinforcement in M30gradeconcretecoveringthe entirewidthof
the roadway, withoneendrestingon thestructure designedto retainearthandextending
a lengthof notlessthan3.5 m intothe approachshallbe provided. for
214'3 All designsshallprovideforthethoroughdrainageof

backfilling
materials
of weepholesandcrushedrockor graverdrains,or pipedrains, perfirated oy means
or drains.
214'4 The pressureof submerged soirs(not'providedwithdrainagearrangements)
be considered sharl
as madeup of two components:
a) Pressuredueto theearthcalculated in accordance
withthe methodlalddown
in Clause214.1, theunitweightof earthbeingreducedfor buoyancy,
and
b) Fullhydrostatic
pressureof water
41
-
.-
q -
IRC:6-2014
215 TEMPERATURE
215.1 General
Dai|yandseasona|f|uctuationsinshadeairtemperature'so|arradiation,et
following:
a) Changesin the overalltemperature of the bridge'referredto as the effective

temperatureOver a prescribed periodtherewill be a minimumand a
bridge resultingin
bridgetemperature'
maximum,togetherwith a rangeof effective
dueto:
loadsand/orloadeffectswithinthe bridge
i ) R e s t r a i n t o f f e r e d t o t h e a s s o c i a t e d e x p a n s i o npier'
/ c o nelastomertc
tractionbyth
(e g ' portal frame' arch' flexible
of construction
referredto as temperature restraint; and
bearings)
to as frictionalbearing
ii) Frictionat roller or slidingbearingsreferred
restralnr;
b)DifferencestntemperaturebetweenthetopsurfaceandotherIeve|Sthro
depthofthesupersiructure'referredtoastemperaturedifierenceandr
loadsand/orloadeffectswithinthe structure'
in associated
Provisionssha|lbemadeforstressesormovementsresultingfromVariatio
temperature.
215.2 Rangeof EffectiveBridgeTemperature
E f f e c t i v e b r i d g e t e m p e r a t u r e f o r t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e b r i and dgeshal|beestimate
air temperature given on Figs' 8 and 9' Minimum maximumeffective
isotherms of shade
b r i d g e t e m p e r a t u r e s w o u | d b e | e s s e r o r m o r e r e s p e c t i v e | y t h a load n t h eeffects
c o r r edue
spond
in concrete bridges. In determining
and maximumshadeair temperatures
t o t e m p e r a t u r e r e s t r a i n t i n c o n c r e t e b r i d g e s t h e e f f e c t i v e b rthe
i d g e t e m p e rupa tto
urew
restrained shall be taken as datum in calculating expansion
structureis effectively
themaximumeffectivebridgetemperatureandcontractiondowntotheminim
bridgetemPerature'
42
IRC:6-2014
MAP OF INDIA
HIGHEST
SHOWING MAXIIVUI\4
OC
TEMPEMTUREISOPLETHS
BASEDONDATAUPTO,I95SSUPPLIED
BYINDIA
II4ETROLOGICAL
DEPARTIIIENT
LAMBERTCoNICAL
PRoJECTIONT
ORTHOIllIORPHIC
Theterritorialwatersof lndiaextendintothe seato a distanceof twelvenauticalmilesmeasuredfromthe

appropriatebaseline.
BaseduponSurveyof Indiamapwithpermission
of the Surveyor
General
of lndia.
@Government 1993
of IndiaCopyright
Responsibility
forthecorrectness detailsrestswiththe publishers.
of internal
Fig. 8 ChartShowingHighestMaximumTemperature
43
('tJ-
IRC:6-2014
MAPOF INDIA
MMII/IUM
LOWEST
SHOW]TIG
TEMPERATIEElSOPLETHS"C
eiseo or onrai.re ro i958 suPPLIED

] BY INDIA METROLOGICAL
I DEPARTMENT
!
i pno.:eclox, iLAMBERT
coNtcAL
J ORTHOMORPHIC
watersof Indiaextendintotheseato a distance

Theterritorial of twelvenautical fromthe
milesmeasured
baseline.
appropriate
BaseduponSurveyof lndiamapwithpermission of theSurveyor General
of lndia
@ Government of lndia 1993.
copyright
forthe correctness
Responsibility detailsrestswiththepublishers.
of internal
Fig. 9 ChartShowingLowestMinimumTemperature
.44
IRC:6-2014
The bridgetemperaiure
whenthe strLicture
is effectively
restrained
shallbe estimatedas
follows:
Bridgelocationhavingdifferencebetween Bridgetemperature
maxtmumand minimumair shade
to be assumedwhenthe
structureis effectivelyrestrained
Meanof maximumand mininrumair shade
temperature
t 1OoC whicheveris critical
Meanof maximumandminimumair shade
t soc whichever
is critical
Formetallicstructures theextremerangeof effective bridgetemperature
the designshallbe as follows: to be considered in
1) Snowbound areasfrom- 35oCto + SOoC
2) For otherareas(Maximumair shadetemperature + lsoc) to (minimumair shade
temperature - 10oc).Airshadetemperatures areto be obtained ;r". ;ig; 8 and g.
215.3 TemperatureDifferences
Effectof temperature differe.nce
withinthe superstructure shall be derivedfrom positive
temperature differences whichoccurwhen uresuchthatsolarradiation
effectscausea gainin heatthroughthetopsurfaa"
"ond'itions andother
ofih" conversery, reverse
temperature differences "up"r"tructure_
are suchthatheatis lostfromthe top surfaceof ftreuriogedeckas
a resultof re-radiationand other effects.positiv" uno ,"uei!u
i"ri".trr" iiilr"n""" to,"
the purpose ofdesignofconcretebridgedecksshailbe assumed
Thesedesignprovisions i",n"*.i. Fig. 10 (a).
are appricabre
to concretebridgedeckswithabouts0 mm weanng
surface.so far as steerandcomposite decksareconcerned, Fig. 10 (b) maybe referredfor
assessing the effectof temperature gradient.
PositiveTemperatureDjfJerences Reve6eTemperatureDifferences
1 7. 8 0 10.60
t
h,
T I h1
I
I
h2
h
J hr = 0.3h < 0.15 m
h , = o . 3 h> 0 . 1 0m
h, = ho= 9.26 . 6.24 .
h, = h3= 0.25h< 0.25m
L
h2
_l
< 0.25 m
I
h 3= 0 . 3 h< 0 . 1 5m
-t
f-
I _J n3
h,
L J
n4
Fig.10 (a)DesignTemperature
Differences
for concreteBridgeDecks
IRC:6-2014 50 mm surlacing
50mm surfacing
50 mm surlacing
#rT'T
\
\ /
i 1
H(m) T' ('C)

0.2 18
h (m) T,cc)
0.2 4.4
Sectlon
'10(b)Temperature AcrossSteelandComposite
Differences
Fig
T' maybe interpolated'
slabthickness'
Note: Forintermediate
ror
a'expansion
o*herm
::: ;",ff lto:::i:ntii,',y":y:;-;:T;'li
mavbetakenas Iz u i3sl5"n'i
steeistructures
itti, i'5c Combinations
lncreasein Stressesand Load
215'5 Permissible
,",u*.nriJi,"'oo::".r;[",?::*i,
stresse=
rensire orrupture
ir,"',"0"r,' o" "#!l"t:li#_::lt:x?j[:Tl
oi?"io,"1lTfn,f,l;$lji"lTi"l?;",
of non-tensione9
H,"n'.,y,""",
loadeffe,
:t""-ilH;'iJr'"rr"uruting
in stressesshall be allow
load combinations" ^^rr lnarl as
combinations statedunderclause215'5is
in stressesand load com
Increase
Nofe; Permissible of Bridges'
for LimitStateDesign
noi applicable
(for steel bridgesonlv)
STRESSES
216 DEFoRn'rniior'r
the'?"i:i[t"::n"ll"T['il"i*1iliil;t:
isdefined'as
216.1Adeformation.,stress
'*f"o",to"t
by the verticaldeflection
of tne
"uut"o
joints in a manner sucn
. ,' '-^ r^-i^n6a manufacturedand erected
'Ji?."ilf *:1i':Eif+q:":'T:Iild;1"":f
n"i:X'ff :l;:TJ"l? r€
stressesshall be assumedto be not
;"t;;;;*t
loads stresses'
^! ^+^^r 'lafnrmationstressesmay be ignored'
girdersof steel' deformatio
216.3 ln prestresseo
IRC:6-2014
217 SECONDARYSTRESSES
2 1 7 . 1 a) steel structures:secondarystressesareadditional stressesbroughtintoplay
dueto theeccentricity of connections,floorbeamloadsappliedat intermediate
pointsin a panel,crossgirdersbeingconnected awayfrompanelpoints,laterar
wind loadson the end-postsof throughgirdersetc.,and stressesdue to the
movement of supports.
b) ReinforcedGoncretestructures:secondarystressesareadditional stresses
broughtintoplaydueeitherto the movement of supportsor to thedeformations
in the geometricalshapeof thestructureor its member,resulting fromcauses,
suchas, rigidityof end connection or loadsappliedat intermediate pointsof
trussesor restrictive
shrinkage of concretefloorbeams.
2'17'2. All bridgesshallbedesignated andconstructed in a mannersuchthatthesecondary
stressesare reducedto a minimumandtheyshallbe allowedfor in the design.
217.3 Forreinforced concretemembers, the shrinkagecoefficient for purposesof design
maybetakenas 2X 1O'-
218 ERECTIONSTRESSESAND CONSTRUCTION
LOADS
218'1 The effectsof erectionas per actualloadsbasedon the construction programme
shallbe accounied for in thedesign.Thisshallalsoinclude thecondition
of onespanbeing
completed in allrespects andtheadjacent spannotin position.However,onespandislodged
conditionneednotbe considered in the caseof slabbridgenotprovidedwithbearrngs.
218'2 Construction loadsare thosewhichare incidentupon a structureor anv of its
constituent components duringthe construction of the structures.
A detailedconstruction procedureassociated with a methodstatementshallbe orawnuD
duringdesignandconsidered in the designto ensurethatallaspectsof stabilityandstrength
of the structurearesatisfieo.
?1?'3 Examplesof rypicar constructionLoadingsare given below. However,eacn
individual caseshallbe investigated in completedetail.
Examoles:
a) Loadsof prantand equipment incruding the weighthandledthat mightbe
incidenton the structureduringconstruction.
b) Temporary super-imposed loadingcausedby storageof construction material
on a partiallycompieted a bridgedeck.
c) unbalancedeffectof a temporarystructure,if any, and unbalancedeffect
of modulesthat may be requiredfor cantileversegmentalconstruction of a
bridge.
d) Loadingon individual beamsand/orcompleted decksystemdueto travelling
of
a launching trussoversuchbeams/deck system.
e) Thermaleffectsduringconstruction dueto temporary restraints.
f) secondaryeffects,if any, emanatingfrom the system and procedureof
construction.
47
I
IRC:6-2014
S) Loadingdueto anyanticipated soilsettlement.
h) Wind load duringconstruction as per Clause209. For specialeffects,such
as, unequalgustloadandfor specialtypeof construction,suchas, longspan
literature
bridgesspecialist maybe referredto.
i) Seismiceffectson partiallyconstructed as perClause219.
structure
219 SEISMICFORCE
2'19.1 Applicability
219.1.1 Allbridgessupported on piers,pierbentsand arches,directlyor throughbearings,
and not exemptedbelowin the category(a) and (b),are to be designedfor horizontal and
verticalforcesas givenin thefollowingclauses'
Thefollowingtypesof bridgesneednotbe checkedfor seismiceffects:
a) Culverts andminorbridgesupto 10m spanin allseismic zones
b) Bridgesin seismiczones ll and lll satisfyingboth limitsof total lengthnot
exceeding 60 m andspansnotexceeding15 m
219.1.2Specialinvestigations shouldbe carriedoutfor the bridgesof followingdescription:
a) Bridges morethan150m sPan
b) Bridges withpierstallerthan30 m in ZoneslV andV
c) Cablesupported bridges,suchas extradosed, cablestayedand suspension
bridges
d) Archbridgeshavingmorethan50 m span
e) Bridgeshavingany of the specialseismicresistantfeaturessuchas seismic
isolators,
damPers etc.
f) Bridgesusinginnovative arrangements
structural and materials.
Notesfor specialinvestigations:
1) In all seismiczones,areascoveredwithin10 km fromthe knownactivefaults
areclassified as'NearFieldRegions'. Forallbridges located within'NearField
Regions',exceptthose exemptedin Clause2'19.'l '1' special investigations
shouldbe carriedout. The information about the active faultsshouldbe sought
by bridgeauthorities for projectssituatedwithin100kmof knownepicenters as
a partof preliminary investigations at the projectpreparation stage.
2) Specialinvestigations shouldincludeaspectssuch as needfor site specific
spectra,independency of componentmotions,spatialvariationof excitation,
needto includesoil-structure suitablemethodsof structural
interaction, analysis
in view of geometrical and structuralnon-lineareffects,characteristics and
of seismicisolation
reliability andotherspecialseismicresistant devices,etc.
3) Site specificspectrum,whereverits need is establishedin the special
investigation,shallbe used,subjecttotheminimum valuesspecified forrelevant
seismic zones,givenin Fig.11'
48
tRC:6-2014
219'1'3 Masonryandplainconcretearchbridgeswithspanmorethan10m shall
beavoided
in ZoneslV andV and in 'NearFieldReoion'.
219.2 SeismicZones
Forthe purposeof determining
the seismicforces,the Countryis classified
intofourzones
as shownin Fig. 11.Foreachzone a factor'Z'is associated,
the valueof whichis givenin
Table7.
Tabfe7 Zone Factor (Zl
ZoneNo. ZoneFactor
(z't
0.36
IV o-24
lil 0.16
il 0.'10
219.3 Gomponentsof SeismicMotion
The characteristicsof seismicground motionexpectedat any locationdepeno
upon the
magnitudeof earthquake,depthoffocus,distanceof epicenterandcharacteristics ofthe path
throughwhichtheseismicwavetravels.Therandomgroundmotioncanbe resolved
in three
mutuallyperpendicular directions.
Thecomponents aL considered to actsimultaneously, but
independently andtheirmethodof combinationis described in Clause219.4.Twohorlzontal
components are takenas of equalmagnitude, and verticalcomponent is takenas twothird
of horizontal
component.
In zoneslV andV the effectsof verticalcomponents
shallbe considered
for all elementsof
the bridge.
The effectof verticalcomponent
may be omittedfor all elementsin zonesll and lll, except
for thefollowingcases:
a) prestressedconcretedecks
b) bearingsand linkages
c) horizontal
cantilever
structural
elements
d) for stabilitychecksand
e) bridgeslocatedin the'NearFieldRegions.
219.4 Combinationof ComponentMotions
1) The seismicforcesshallbe assumedto comefrom any horizontal direction.
Forthispurposetwo separateanaryses shal be performed for designsersmic
forcesactingalongtwo orthogonalhorizontal directions.
The desiin seismic
forceresultants
(i.e.axialforce,bendingmoments,shearforces,and torsion)
IRC:6-2014
of a bridgecomponent fromthe anaVsesin the
resulting
at any cross-section
two ortnogonainorizontat shallbe combinedas below(Fig.12).
directions
a) trr10.312
b),. t 0 . 3 1 1i 1 2
wnere, x direction.
_ 1 Forceresiltantdueto fulldesignseismicforcealong
'r2 = Forceresultant dueto fulldesignseismicforcealongz direction'
thedesignseismicforce
area|soconsidered, resu|tants
2) Whenvertica|seismicforces
ui unu of a bridgecomponent shallbe combinedas below:
"ro", ""ction
+ 1 1t 0 ' 3 1 2 t 0 ' 3 1 3
a)
b) + 0 ' 3 r r +f z + 0 ' 3 r s
' c) t03r1t0'3rr+r.
is the force resu|tantdue to fu|l design seismic
where r. and r, are as defined above and r,
force alongthe verticaldirection'
GlobalX-Z axes
(Localx-x andz-zaxes)
SeismicForces
of Orthogonal
Combination
Momentsfor Ground Motion Momentsfor Ground Motion

along X-axis alongZ'axis
M*=M{ +uM( M"=M{ +nM!

DesignMoments
u"=MMf +Mz" M"=uM{ +M7
localaxes'
Where,M"and M.areabsolutemomentsabout
cz
tRC:6_2014
Note: Analysis
ofbridgeasa wholeiscarriedoutforglobalaxesX andZ andeffects
combinedfordesignaboutlocalaxesasshown. obtained
are
219.5 Computationof SeismicResponse
Followingmethodsare used for computation of seismicresponsedependingupon the

complexity
of the structureandthe inputgroundmotion.
1 ) For.most of the bridges,erasticseismicaccereration

methodis adequate.
In this method,the firstfundamentar modeof vioraiiln is carcurated
corresponding and the
accereration.is
readfiom Fig. 13,Thisaccereraiion is appriedto
all partsof the bridgefor calculation
of foris as perCtauseZ1g.S.1
2) ElaslicRes.ponse spec{rumMethod:This is a generarmethod,suitable
morecomplexstructuralsystems(e. g. continuori bridg"", for
bridgeswith large
differencein pier heights,bridges*hi"h ar"
rn ptan,etc), in which
dynamicanalysisof the structureis performed "r."J
to obtainthe first as well as
highermodesof vibrationand the foicesobtainedfor
eacn modeby use of
responsespectrumfromFig. 13 and clause 219.s.1.
Thesemodalforcesare
combinedby foilowingappropriate combinationar ruresto arriveat the design
forces.Reference is madeto specialistliterature
for thesame.
ao
Tysel {eocko! H3id g€frt it>3t
a5 y'yp. ll {i,lidirn Sq0
i
2&
t5
05
Fig.13 Response Spectra

Note: For structurar
components rikeshortand rigidabutments,
the varueof s,/g shaflbe
takenas 1.Arso,the response reduction
factorR shal be takenas-1.0"for
designof suchstructures. seismic
219.5.1 Horizontalseismicforce
The horizontarseismicforcesactingat the centersof mass,whichare

structureas a whole,shallbe computedas follows: to be resistedby the
F"o= An (Dead Load + AppropriateLive Load)

I
IRC:6-20'14
wnere,
F = seismicforceto be resisted
x x (S"/g)
seismiccoefficient= (Zl2) (l)
nnl r'orizontat
219'5'2
Appropriateliveloadshallbe takenas perClause
7
Z = Zonefactoras givenin Table
| = lmportance Factor(seeClause219'5'1'1)
vibrations
T = Fundamental periodof the bridge(insec')for horizontal
F u n d a m e n t a l t i m e p e r i o d o f t h e b r i d gofe m e m b e rof
E|asticity i s tConcrete
o b e c a l c(E".) e d per
u | a tas byanyra
ot unu,v,iJ uoopting the Modulus
method
I R C : l l 2 , a n d c o n s i d e r i n g m o m e n t . o f i n e r t i a o f csection,
r a c k e dinsthe i o n w h i cofh c a n b
e c tabsence
tne-riome-nt of inertia ot g|.o."'un"|.u"ked
as 0.75times by
irnoamuntut plriod of vibrationcanalsobe calculated
rigorous
"ur"ulutrn.1h""
mltnoogivenin Annex D'
S u / g = A v e r a g e r e s p o n s e a c c e | e r a t i o n c o e fperiod
f i c i e nof
t f vibration n t given
o r 5 p e r cTeas dampingo
up-on the fundamental
resisting
equations'
in fig. ia","r"njJiulp"-noing
whichis basedon thefollowing
withN > 30
Forrockyor hardsoilsites'TypeI soil
s"I 2.50I 0 . 0< r < 0 . 4 0
0.40<r<4.00
s lt . oorr J
10 < N < 30
Formediumsoilsites,Typell soilwith
s, f 2.50I 0 . 0< r < 0 . 5 5
g\rsorri 0.55<r<4.00
< 10
Forsoftsoilsites,TYPelll soilwith N
s"I 2'50I 0 . 0< r < 0 . 6 7
0.67<r<4.00
s Y ' atr r )
Nofe:lntheabsenceofcalculationsoffundamenta|periodforsmal|bridges,theva|ue
maybetakenas 2 5
Fordampingotherthan5percentofferedby|oadresistinge|ements,themu|tip|ying
as given belowshall be useo'
Concrete
Reinforced Retrofittingof
concrete,
Prestressed old bridgeswithRC Piers
steel elements
SteelandcomPosite
elements
54
219.5.1 IRC:6-2014
.1 Seismicimpoftancefactor(l)
Bridgesare designedto res_i:tdesignbasis
towermagnitudeof forces,depending earthquake(DBE)rever,or other higher
on tf,e conJ or
non-avaitabiritv,
ouetooarnase
orrairure tff'[93,-i?
is obtainedby
rr",.n
,;;;?:K:ittr:t *[fliJ:",:
murtipryingen) ov tu"toi;r, *r']Jr,'r"pru.unr,seismicimportance
structure.combinationof factorsionsidered'in of the
,1,,_
hencechoiceof factor includeinteralia, a".usring the consequences of fairureand
a) Extentof disturbance to trafficandpossibirityof providing
temporary diversion,
b) Availabilityof alternativeroutes,
c) cost of repairsand time invorved, whichdependon the extentof damages,-
mtnoror major,
d) cost of repracement, andtimeinvorved in reconstruction
in caseof fairure,
e) Indirecteconomic ros-s
dueioitspartiarorfuilnon-avairabirity,
are givenin Tableg for different rmportance factors
typesof brroges.
Table 8 lmportance Factor
Normalbridges lmpodance Factor ,l'

All bridgesexceptthosemenioneotn
tmportant
bridges a) Riverbridgesand flyoversinsidecities
D) Bndgeson Nationaland Stare
Highways
c) Bridgesservingtrafficnearportsand
othercentersof economic activities
9I949g"" crossingrailwav lines
Largecriticalbridgesin all a) Longbridgesmorethan.lkmtenoth
acrossperennialriversandcreeks
b) Bridgesfor whichalternativeroutesare
notavailable
whirecheckingfor seismiceffects_during
construction,
considered theimportance
factorof 1 shourdbe
for all bridgesin ahzones.
219.5.2 Liveload components
i) The seismicforcedue to riveroadsha, not
be
considered
whenactingin the
oftraffic,
butsha'beconsidered
in*,u-Oiru"t,on
p"rpl"ojirru.
flffiij:". totn"
ii) The horizontalseismicforce in the
directionperpendicular to the traffic
.-,, shall be
catculatedusing20 percentof live load (exciuding
irpu"i r""ioil.
iii) The verticarseismic force shat
be carcuratedusing 20 percent of rive
(excludingimpactfactor). road
Note: Thereducedoercentlglsof riveroadsare
appricabreonryfor carcuratingthe magntudeof
seismicdesignforceandarebasedon tne
assumptron thatonry 20 percent of the riveroad
rspresentoverthe bridgeat thetimeof earthquake.
T,d
IRC:6-2014
219.5.3 Watercurrentanddepthof scour
Thedepthof scourunderseismic conditionto beconsidered fordesignshallbe0.9timesthe
maximumscourdepth.Thefloodlevelfor calculating hydrodynamic forceandwatercurrent
forceis to be takenas averageof yearlymaximumdesignfloods.Forriverbridges,average
maypreferably be basedon consecutive 7 years'data,or on localenquiryin the absenceof
suchdata.
219.5.4 Hydrodynamic and eafth pressureforcesunder seismiccondition
In additionto inertialforcesarisingfromthe deadloadand liveload,hydrodynamic forces
act on the submergedpart of the structureand are transmitted to the foundations.Also,
additional earthpressures dueto earthquake portions
acton the reiaining of abutments.For
valuesof theseloadsreference is madeto lS 1893.Theseforcesshallbe considered in the
designof bridgesin zoneslV andV.
The modifiedearth pressureforcesdescribedin the precedingparagraphneed not be
considered on the portionofthe structurebelowscourlevelandon othercomponents, such
as wingwallsand returnwalls.
219.5.5 Designforcesfor elementsof structuresand useof responsereductionfactor
The forceson variousmembersobtainedfromthe elasticanalysisof bridgestructureare
to be dividedby ResponseReductionFactorgivenin Table9 beforecombining with other
forcesas per load combinations givenin Table 1. The allowableincreasein permissible
stressesshouldbe as perTable1.
Table9 ResponseReductionFactors
R with Ductile R without
BridgeComponent Detailing DuctileDetailing
Superstructure 2.O N.A.
Substructure
(i) Masonry/PCC piers,abutments 1.0
(ii) RCCshortplatepierswhereplastichingecannot 3.0 2.5
of lengthandRCCabutments
developin direction
(iii)RCC longpierswherehingescandevelop 4.0
(iv)Column 4.O 3.3
(v) Beamsof RCCportalframessupporting bearings 1.0 1.0
Bearings 2.O 2.0
When connectorsand stoppers
are designedto withstandseismic
forces primarily,R value shall be
takenas 1.0
Connectorsand Stoppers(Reactionblocks) When connectorsand stoppers
Thoserestraining or driftingawayof bridge
dislodgement are designedas additionalsafety
elements. measuresin the event of failure
of bearings,R value specifiedin
Table9 for appropriate
substructure
chrll ha adnnlad
56
IRC:6-2014
i) Thosepartsof thestructural elements of foundationswhicharenot -

and transferringloadto it, are treatedas partof sub_structure in contact
withsoil
element.
ii) Responsereductionfactoris not to be appliedfor
calculation
of disptacements of
etementsof bridgeandfor bridgeas a whote.
iii) whenelastomeric bearingsareusedto transmithorizontal
seismicforces,theresponse
reduction
factor(R)sha||be takenas 1.5for RCCsrostru"tur"
ano-"lib ior",uronry
and pCCsubstructure.
2'19.6 Fully Embedded portions
embedded
insoirberow
scourrever
neednotbeconsidered
toproduce
SniJrTi::::re anv
219.7 Liquefaction
In loosesandsand poorlygradedsandswithlittleor no
fines,the vibrationsdueto earthquake
maycauseriquefaction,or excessive
totaranddifferentiat setttemenG. rorna-irl!-irijg". on .r"n
sandsshouldbeavoidedunlessappropriate methodsof compaction
Alternativery, or stabilisitionareadopted.
the foundationsshoutd6e takenoeepeiberowliquefiabr"
Reference i"n*, il firm strata.
shouldbe madeto thespecialistliterature
for analysisof liquefaction potential.
219.8 FoundationDesign
For designof foundation,the seismicroadsshourd
be taken as 1.25 times the forces
transmitted
to it by substructure,
so as to providesufficientmarginio coverthe possibre
higherforcestransmittedby substructure
arLingout of itsoverstrenoth.
219.9 DuctileDetailing
MandatoryProvisions
i) In zonesrVand.v to preventdisrodgement of superstructure,,,reaction
(additionarsafetvmeasuresin the eventof fairu; oi b;;;ngrj";otn",- brocks,,
of seismicarrestersshafl be providedand designed typ""
for the seismic force
(F"o/R)'pier and abutmentcapssha, be generousry
dimensioned, ro prevent
disrodgement oi."."u9t-u
ground-shaking.'r'ee*"rpr"r-oir",rri.
shownin Figs.1.4to 16 areonryindicatiieandsuitabre features
arrangemenis wittnave
to be workedout in specificcases.
ii) To improveth",,pgf9rr?lce of bridgesduring
earthquakes,
the bridgesin
seismic Zonesr, rVandV mavbe+ecificardde;iiJfil;ilrity for
IRC:112shallbe referred. which
Recommendedprovisions
i) In orderto mitigatethe effêcts
of earthquake forcesdescribedabove,speciar
seismicdevicessuchas ShockTransmission Units,Base lsolation,S;;;;
Fuse, Lead plug, etc, may be providedbased on
specializediit"rrtri"
international
practices,satisfactory
testingetc.
J/
IRC:6-2014
continnuous
ii) Conti cture (Yilh,
superstru
uous superstructurer i:I" "J:ili;r"
i l::,:: l.^":
::fl
o,. $5;ir1iii""H::
re aremade
., p"ritructu
joints) integral ;;]i;;
bridges
brloges (ll
(r{rr' rs eqvvrre'--
wrrrurI i# high
ioints) or
or integral ^^-, ,^-,,n.nra ln possiuty
can
nrherwrse. provide
possibly provide high
;ilii;;,i;:;onotitiic),'ITTTi1t:?1.:"1::H:ff;
',i,lli'iiil;!ii.iil;;;t6' behaviour earthquake
durins
,,Dyff [T[;'3Xil'i"J"Tli
:i:';"111:Tff
:,31;:?T1""r'r":p%'rffi
: r! rîE
tt'" nEsrMlNED FREE
ELEVATION
iIALF PLAN OF
PIER CAP P2
HALFPIAN OF
PIERCAPP3,Ar'42
ffi
Superstructure
Blocksfor Continuous
Fig.14 Exampleof SeismicReaction
Bridges
15 of
Example ReactionBlocksfor SimplySupported
Seismic
Fig.
JO
IRC:6-2014
;=ff
n
e
+ ll=r
h
,_-_hi*+
. AT ARTICULAIIONS et AguiugNrs AT ptths

WHERE :
N = N l = N 2 = 3 0 5* 2 . 5 +
L 10Hmm
L = SpANtN METERS
H = AVEMGECOLUMN HETGHT
tN METERS
Fig-16Minimum
Dimension
forSupport
220 BARGE IMPACTON BRIDGES

220.1 General
1) Bridgescrossingnavigablechannelsof rivers,creeksand canalsas well

as the
shippingchannersin port areasand open seas shail be providedwith ,,navigation
spans"whichshallbe speciallyidentifiedand markedto directthe watenriayiraffic
belowthem.The spanarrangement, horizontal
clearances betweenthe innerfaces
of pierswithinthe widthof the navigationalchannel,verticalclearancesabovethe
air-draftof the ships/barges
uptosoffitof deckand minimumdepthof waterin the
channelbelowthe maximumladendraftof the bargesshallbe decidedbasedon
the
classificationof waterwaysas per InlandwaterwaysAuthorityof India(lwAl) or the
concerned PortsandShipping Authorities.
2) Bridgecomponentslocatedin a navigablechannelof riversand canals
shall be
designedfor bargeimpactforcedue to the possibirity
of bargeaccideniailycoiliding
withthe structure.
3) For bridgeslocatedin sea, and in waterwaysundercontrorof ports,the
bridge
components may haveto be designedfor vesselcollision force,for whichthe details
of the ships/barges shallbe obtainedfromtheconcerned authority.
Specialistliterature
maybe referred forthemagnitudes of designforcesandappropriate designsolutions.
4) The designobjectivefor bridgesis to minimizethe riskof the structural failureof a
bridgecomponent dueto collisionwitha pryingbargein a cost-effective
mannerand
at the sametimereducethe riskof damageto the bargeand resulting environmental
pollution,if any. Locarizedrepairabre damageof sutstructureanJ superstructure
components is permittedprovidedthat:
59
.
IRC:6-2014
components
Damagedstructural and repairedin a relatively
can be inspected
a)
costeffectivemannernotinvo|vingdetai|edinvestigation,and
b)Sufficientductilityandredundancyexistintheremainingstructuretopr
collapse'in the eventof impact'
progressive
consequentlal
5 ) T h e | n d i a n W a t e r w a y s h a v e b e e n c l a s s i f i e d i nisTshown
c a t ein
go r i e s10.
Table b yBarges
|WA|.Theve
displacement tonnug'" fo|.;u"h of the class of waterway
ply,theirdimensions, the Deadweight
and their configurattnswhichare likelyto
Tonnage(DWf;,tneminimumdimensionsofwaterwayinleansection'andmin
clearance,"qui..",.n"nt,urespecifiedby|WA|.The|atestrequirements(200
shownin Annex E.
Table10VesselDisplacementTonnage
ll ill IV&V vt & vll
Classof WaterwaY I
600 1000 2000 4000
DWT(inTonnes) 200
vehicle(sPV) equalsthe weightof the
tonnageof self propelled.
Nofe; The total disptacement
- - ba1as1-110
v tne
o a r g e when
barse P r u o r l v Y r v r v ' | ^J
w l l e r r c r r r P L ypr"'in"l"igr't ::lY:^(:yl]:3::'::#:ii;tll:
".ptv
larle. fne displacement tonnagefor.barge Ihe displacement tonnage of the
towsshall,equal
as
of numberof bargesin thelengthof thetow
tug/towbargeplusthecomorneldisptac"-ment
shownin AnnexE.
6)|ndeterminingoargeimpact|oads,considerationsha|la|sobegiventothere|at
of the bridgeto :
a) WaterwaYgeometry'
takingintoaccount
b) Size,type,loadingconditionof bargeusingthe waterway'
waterdepth'andwidthof the navigablechannel'
the available
c)Speedofbargeanddirection,withrespecttowatercurrentve|ocitiesin
periodof the yearwhenbargesarepermitted to ply'
d) Structural responseof the bridgeto collision'

7)|nnavigab|eportionofWaterwayswherebargecol|isionisanticipaied,structu
a) Designed forces'or
to resistbargecollision
b ) A d e q u a t e l y p r o t e c t e d b y d e s i g n e d f e n d e r s ' d o l p hofi ncolliding
s ' b e r mvessels
s'artificia
or othersacrificial deviiesdesignedto absorbthe energy
or to redirectthe courseof a vessel'or
of (a)and(b)above'whereProteciive measures absorbmostof
c) Acombination
theforceandsubsiructure is designedfor the residualforce'
B)|nnon-navigab|eportionofthewaterways,thepossibi|ityofsmal|erbargesus
portionsand|ike|ytocauseaccidenta|impactshal|beexaminedfromconsider
theavailab|edrattandtypeofbargesthaip|yonthewaterway'|ncasesuchposs
60.
IRC:6-2014
exists,the piers shall be designedto resista lowerforce of barge impactcaused by
the smallerbargesas comparedto the navigationalspan.
9) For navigablewaterwayswhich have not been classifjedby lWAl, but where barges
are plying,one of Classfrom | & Vl shouldbe chosenas applicable,basedon the local
surveyof craftsplyingin the waterway.Where reliabledata is not availableminimum
Class-lshallbe assigned.
220.2 Design Barge Dimensions
A design barge shall be selectedon the basis of classificationof the waterway.The barge
characteristics
for any waterwayshall be obtainedfrom lWAl (Ref.Annex E).
The dimensionsof the bargeshouldbe taken from the surveyof operatingbarge.Where no
reliableinformationis available,the same may be taken from Fig. 17.
Fig.17Typical
BargeDimensions
220.3 Checkingin DimensionalClearancesfor Navigationand Location of Barge
lmpactForce
Fig.18showstheposition of bridgefoundationsandpiersaswellastheposition
ofthebarge
in relationto the actualwaterlevel.The minimumand maximumwaterlevelswithinwhich
bargesare permitted to plyareshownschematically. Theselevelsshouldbe decidedby the
riverauthoritiesor by authoritycontrolling
the navigation.
Theminimum navigablelevelwillbecontrolled
bytheminimum depthofwaterneededforthe
plyingof barges.The maximumlevelmaybe determined by the maximumwatervelocityin
whichthe bargesmaysafelyply and by the availableverticalclearances
belowthe existinq
(or planned)structures
acrossthe navigablewater.
61
IRC:6-2014
220.5 BargeColli'sionEnergy
KE=500xCrxWx(V)2,
wnere,
W = BargeDisplacement Tonnage(T)
V = Bargeimpactspeed(m/sec)
KE = BargeCollisionEnergy(N_m)
C" = hydrodynamic coefficient
= 1'05to 1'25forBargesdepending uponthe underkeel
clearanceavailable.
r In caseunderkeel clearanceis morethan0.5x Draft,C,=,1.Qg;
. In caseunderkeel clearanceis lessthan0.1x Draft,C_= 1.28-
' Foranyintermediate valuesof underkeelclearance,
linearinterpolation
shallbe
oone.
Note: The formuraof kineticenergyis a standardkinetic

energy,equationxE=)ttAv,,,
cn
Mass'M = r wherew is the weightof bargeand
c" is the hydrodynamiceffect
representingmassof the watermovingtogether withthe barge.substitutrng
varueln
properunitsin K.E.formula
yieldstheequation
grveninthedraft.
220.6 BargeDamageDepth,,h",
ar= 3100x ( [1 + 1 3 x 10c7) - 1),
x KE]05
where,
au= Bargebowdamagedepth(mm)
220.7 BargeCollisionlmpactForce,,p",
Thebargecorrision
impactforceshailbe determined
basedon the foilowingequations:
Forar<100mm,P, = 6.0x 10ax (au),in N
Fora" > 100mm,P" = 6.0x 106+ 1600x (a"),in N
220'8 Location& Magnitudeof rmpactForcein substructure

& Foundation,,p",
All components of thesubstructure,
exposedto physicar
conlact
barge'shullor bow,shailbe designedto resistine appried by anyportionof thedesign
roads.'ft,eoowoue-rnang. rake,
or flairdistanceof bargesshallbelonsidereoin oeteimining
the portionsof ihe substructure
exposedto contactby the barge.crushingof the
barge'Jbow causing with any
setbackportionof the substructureshallals6be consioereO. ";n1;;
lli:^"^t^t :arient,.bargedimensions
to be checkedwhirecheckingfor the navigational
crearances are as follows:
ae
IRC:6-2014
T h e d e s i g n i m p a c t f o r c e f o r t h e a b o v e c a swith
e s irbspect
s t o b eto
a pthe
p |reference
i e d a s a vwater
e r t i clevel'
a||ine
distributed alongthe ourg"r lo';iJptt , H, OLtt"O the
as shownin Fis. 18' Th" b##;;"J; t ttl'*i4"t",9 19be iakedforwardin determinins
;;i#;i;;;UJi areaot tre iftpactforceon the substructure'
220s Protectionof Substructures
Protectionmaybeprovidedtoreduceortoe|iminatetheexposureofbridgesubstru
incfuOingfenders,pilecluster,pile-supported
barqeco'isionby physicalp;i;il;.i.t"ms, '
thereof
lstanoi,andcombinations
.ttirli"i"t', o"ipr,1n's'
S e v e r e d a m a g e a n d / o r c o l | a p s e o f t h eto.cont-act
p r o t e c t with
i o n sttie
y s tpier
e m or
m aredirects
y b e p e rthe
m i tbarge
ted,pr
the protection .y"tu*topJ[ti"- fjargei;rior lmpact'
pie-rs neednot be designedfor Barge
awavfromthe pier.tn sudicasls, th"ebridge protection
of structures'
fordesisn
referred
Sil3ii"riJilii"i"i,ri".r'urin"
F|exib|efendersorotherprotectionSystem.attachedtotheSubstructurehe|
d a m a g e t o t h e b a r g e a n o t n e - s u n s t roi
u , c t u r e b y a b s o r system'
b i n g p athe
r t odesign
f i m pforces
act(kin
collision).Forthedesrgnt;;;;t;ti ;istem pierandp"rotection
of rigorousanalysis.
as obtainedfromclause zid.i'"nall be usedin absence
220.10 LoadCombination
T h e b a r g e c o | | i s i o n l o a d s h a lgirse
| b e c o n s i d load
e r e dshall
a s abe
n aconsidered
c c i d e n t aonly
| l o aunder
dand |oadco
Ultimate
conformto theprovtston" nC,O. impact by
"if itress condition, allowable stressmaybe increased
LimitState.Forworking rouo)urro*unr"
50 percent.
TheprobabiIityofthesimuItaneousoccurrenceofabaroecolIisiontogetherWith
loa'dcombinationof bargecollision'the
floodneednot be consroeft. F;r'th" prrposeofannualfloodlevelof previous20 years'
maximumfloodlevelmay be takenas the meanverocities rorthe barsesto plvarenot
current
ljilliioll tii"iih;-;;r;iJ.ib6'ru*iru,
e x c e e d e d ' | n S u c n " u " n . " , . n u , i ' , * | e v e | m a y b ethis
c a flood
l c u l alevel
t e d bshall
a c kbe
w acalculated
r d f r o m t hby
ea
currentvelocities. The ru*iru.luuul of scourbelow for
no creditfor scourshallbe taken
scourformutain Ctauseia55.i ot'fnC,zb.uo*"u"i,
verifyingrequireddepthfor allowlngnavrgatron'
221 SNOW LOAD
T h e s n o w | o a d o f 5 0 0 K g / m 3 w h e r e a p p l i c a b eoiir
|esha | l bconditions
the e a s s u m eshall
d t o abe
c t ochecked
nthe'br
white combining with liv; lo;;';. 6i;;; t"tow.
independentlY:
over the deck shall be taken into
a) A snow accumulation upto 0 25 . m wheeled vehicles'
Jutighing
consioeratioilwtir" for
thestructure
over the deck shall be taken into
b) A snow accumulation upto 0 50 . m vehicles'
tracked
for
J"tighingthestructure
"onsioeratioilwrtir" exceeding0 50 m' designshall be basedon
the
c) ln case of snow accumulation
max|mum';;;;dJ;;il iccumulation"(basedon the actualSiteobservation
inc|udingtheeffectofvariationinsnowdensity).NoIive|oadsha||becons
to act alongwith this snow load'
64
IRC:6-2014
222 VEHICLECOLLISIONLOADS ON SUPPORTSOF BRIDGES,
FLYOVERSUPPORTSAND FOOTOVERBRIDGES
222.1 General
222.1'1 Bridgepiersof walltype,columns or theframesbuiltin the medianor in thevicinityof
thecarriageway supporting the superstructure
shallbe designed to withstand
vehictecollision
loads.Theeffectof collision
loadshallalsobe consideredon thesupporting etement",sucnas,
foundaiionsand bearings.Formultilevel caniageways, the collision
loadJshallbe considered
separately
for eachlevel.
222'1.2 Theeffectof collisionloadshallnotbe considered
on abutmentsor on thesrrucrures
separated fromtheedgeof thecarriageway bya minimumdistanceof4.5m andshallalsonot
be.combined withprincipal
liveloadsonthecarriagewaysupported bythestructurat
members
subjectedto suchcollisionloads,as wellas wind or seismicload.Wherepedestrian/cycle
trackbridgerampsand stairsare structurally independentof the main highway-spannrng
structure,
theirsupportsneednotbe designedfor thevehiclecollisionloadsl
A/ofe-' Thetertiary
structures,
suchas lighting
post,signage
supports
etc.neednotbedesigned
for vehiclecollisionloads.
222.2 lncreasein PermissibleStress

Thepermissible stressesin bothsteelandconcreteshallbe increased
by 50 percentandthe
safebearingcapacityof the foundingstrataincreasedby 25 percentwhenconsidering the
effectof collisionloads.
222.3 CollisionLoad
222'3.1 The nominalloadsgivenin Table 11 shall be consideredto act horizontally as
VehicleCollision Loads.Supports shallbe capableof resistingthe mainandresidual
load
components actingsimultaneously.
Loadsnormalto thecarriageway belowandloadsparallel
to the carriageway belowshallbe consideredto act separaiely
andshallnotbe combined.
Table11 NominalVehicteCollisionLoadson Supportsof Bridges
LoadNormalto the Load Parallelto the Point of Application on

Carriageway
Below(Ton) CarriagewayBelow (Ton) Bridge Support
Mainload At the mostseverepoint
component 50 100 between0.75and 1.5 m
abovecarriageway level
Residual 25 50 At the mostseverepoint
load (10) (10) betweenlmand3m
component abovecarriageway level
Figureswithinbrackets
arefor FOBs.
IRC:6-2014
222.3.2Theloadsindicated in Clause222.3.1 , areassumedforvehiclesplyingat velocityof
about60 km/hour.In caseof vehiclestravelling the loadsmaybe reduced
at lesservelocity,
to the squareof the velocitybut notlessthan50 percent.
in proportion
222.3.3The bridgesupportsshall be designedfor the residualload componentonly,if

havinga
protectedwith suitablydesignedfencingsystemtakingintoaccountits flexibility,
minimumheightof 1.5m abovethe carriageway level.
AND COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
223 INDETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
Stressesdue to creep,shrinkageand temperature, etc.shouldbe considered for statically
indeterminatestructuresor compositemembersconsistingfor steelor concreteprefabricated
elements components
andcast-in-situ forwhichspecialist maybereferred
literature to. Creep
andshrinkage producepermanent stressesand henceno relaxation in permissiblestresses
shallbe allowed.
tRC:6_2014
AnnexA
(Clause201.2)
HYPOTHETICAL
VEHTCLES
FORCLASSIFICATION
OFVEHICLES
ANDBRIDGES
(REVISED)
NOTESFORLOADCLASSIFICATION
CHART
1) The possibre variationsin the wheerspacingsand tyresizes,for the
heaviesr
singreaxres-cors. (f) and (h),the heaviestbogieaxres-cor. and arso
fi) for tne
heaviestaxlesof ihe trainvehicleof cols.(e) and (g)are given
in cols.(k),(l),
(m)and (n) The samepatternof wheerarrangement
maybe assumedfor arl
axresof thewheertrainshownin cors.(e)and(g)as forthe
heaviest axres.The
overallwidthof tyrein mm maybe takenas equalto ,,p,,
[150+(p_1 ) 57],where
representsthe roadon tyrein tonnes,whereverthetyresizesare not
specifieo
on the chart.
2) contactareasof tyreson the deckmay be obtained
fromthe corresponding
tyreloads,max.tyrepressures(p)andwidthof tyretreads.
3) The firstdimensionof tyresize refersto the overal
widthof tyre and secono
dimensionto the iim diameterof the tyre. Tyretreadwidth
may be takenas
overailtyrewidthminus25 mmfortyresupto225mmwidth,
andminus50 mm
for tyresover225 mmwidth.
4) The spacingbetweensuccessive vehicresshailnot be ressthan 30 m. This
spacingwi[ be measuredfrom the rear-mostpointof ground
contactof the
readingvehicresto the fo*ard-most pointof grouno
contactof the foilowing
vehiclein caseof trackedvehicres.Forwheeredvehicres,
it wi| be measureo
fromthe centreof the rear-mostaxreof the readingvehicreto the centreof the
firstaxleof thefollowingvehicle.
5) The classification
of the bridgeshar be determinedby the saferoadcarrying
capacityof theweakestof ailthestructurarmembersincrudingthemaingirders.
stringers(or roadbearers),the decking,crossbearers(ortransome)bearings,
piersandabutments, investigated
underthetrack,wheeraxreandbogieroads
shownfor the variouscrasses. Any bridgeuptoand incrudingcrass40 wi, be
markedwitha singrecrassnumberthehighesttrackedor
wheerstandardroad
crasswhichthe bridgecansaferywithstand.Any bridge
overcrass40 wi, be
markedwitha singrecrassnumberif thewheeredandtracked
crassesarethe
69
IRC:6-2014
signshowingbothT and W loadclassesif
same,andwith dualclassification
theT andW classesaredifferent'
6 ) Theca|cu|ationsdeterminingthesafeloadcarryingcapacitysha||a|soa
the effectsdueto impact,windpressure, forces'etc'' as described
longitudinal
in the relevantClausesof thisCode'
7)
cross
by any
(f) and (h) and the bogie

8) .The maximumsingleaxle loadsshownin columns
axleloadsshownin column(j) correspond to the heaviestaxlesof the trains'
uptoandincluding class30-R' In
shownin columns(e)and(g)in load-classes
bogieaxleloadsshall
thecaseof higherloadclasses,thesingleaxleloadsand
beassumedtobe|ongtosomeotherhypothetica|Vehic|esandtheire
workedout separatelyon the componentsof bridgedeck'
9)Theminimumc|earancebetweentheroadfaceofthekerbandtheouter
vehiclesshallbe the sameas for
of wheelor trackfor any of the hypothetical
lf
classAAvehicles, whenthereis onlyoneJaneof trafficmovingon a bridge'
typeof vehiclesgiven
a bridgeis to be designedfor twoianesof kafficfor any
dependinguponthe
in the Chart,the clearancemaybe decidedin eachcase
circumstances.
70
IRC:6-2014
NOTESFORLOADCLASSIFICATION
CHART
TRACKEDVEHICLE
TRACKEDVEHICLE
WHEELEDVEHICLE
Fig.1AClassAATracked
andWheeled (Clause
Vehicles 204.1)
Nofes .'
1 ) Thenoseto tailspacing betweentwosuccessive vehiclesshallnotbelessthan90m.
2 ) Formulti-lane bridgesandculverts,
eachClassAA loadingshallbe considered to occupy
two lanesandno othervehicleshallbe allowedin thesetwo lanes.Thepassing/crossing
vehiclecanonlybe allowedon lanesotherthanthesetwo lanes.Loadcombination is as
shownin Table2.
2\ The maximumloadsfor the wheeledvehicleshallbe 20 tonnefor a singleaxleor 40
tonnefor a bridgeof twoaxlesspacednotmorethan1.2m centres.
4 ) Class AA loading is applicableonly for bridges having carriagewaywidth of
5.3 m and above(i.e. 1.2 x 2 + 2.9 = 5.3).The minimumclearancebetween
the road face of the kerb and the outer edge of the wheel or track, 'C', shall be
1.2m.
Axleloadsin tone.Lineardimensions in metre.
71'
IRC:6-2014
. Annex B
(CIause202-3)
OF LOADSFORLIMITSTATEDESIGN
COMBINATION
l L o a d s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d w h i l e a r r i v i n g a t t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c o are
m b as
i n afollows:
tionforcalryingo
the necessary checxs ior ttre design-of road bridges and culverts
1) DeadLoad
2) Snowload(Seenotei)
3)SuperimposeddeadloadsuchaShandrail,crashbarrier,footpath
t
andse
loads.
4) Surfacingor wearingcoat
5) BackFillWeight
6) EarthPressure
7) Primaryand secondaryeffectof prestress
8) Secondaryeffectssuchas creep,shrinkage andsettlement'
restraintandbearingforces'
including
9) Temperature
10)Carriageway|ive|oad,footpath|ive|oad,construction|ive|oads.
11)Associatedcarriagewayliveloadsuchasbraking,tractiveandcentrifu
forces.
12)Accidenta|effectssuchasvehic|eco|lision|oad,bargeimpactandimpact
to floatingbodies.
13) Wind
14) SeismicEffect
15) Erectioneffects
16) WaterCurrentForces
17) WavePressure
18) BuoyancY
Nofes .'
i)
ii)
72-
IRC:6-2014
2 combination of Loads for the Verificationof Equiribrium
and structural
Strengthunder UltimateState
Loadsarerequired to be combined to checktheequilibrium andthestructural
ultimatelimit strengthunder
state.Theequilibrium ofthestructureshallbecheckeo againstoverturn
anduplift.tt shailbe ensuredthatthedisturbing tng,sliding
roads(overturning,;riJingu; Jprifting) sharl
alwaysbe lessthanthestabil2ingor restoring ictions. Thestruct'ural
.ir"'nl1' 1-uio"'.
ultimate
limitstateshallbe estimated in orderto avoidinternalfailureor excessive deformation. The
equilibriumandthe structural strengthshallbe checkedunderbasic,accidental
combinations and seismic
of loads.
3 principles
Combination
The followingprinciplesshall be followedwhile using these tables
for arrivingat the
combinations:
i) AII loadsshownundercorumn1 of rabre 3.1 or Tabte3.2 or Tabre
3.3 or
Tabre3.4shat be combinedto carryoutthe rerevant
verification.
ii) whileworking outthecombinations, onlyonevariable loadshallbe considered
as the leadingloadat a time.All othervariableloadsshallbe considered
as
accompanying loads.In case if the variableloadsproducefavourableeffect
(relievingeffect)the sameshallbe ignored.
iii) Foraccidental combination, thetrafficroadon the upperdeckof a bridge(when
collisionwiththe pierdueto trafficunderthe bridgeoccurs)stralloe
treatedas
theleadingload.Inallotheraccidental situations
thetrafficloadshallbetreated
as theaccompanying load.
iv) Duringconstruction
the relevantdesignsituationshallbe takenintoaccounr.
v) Thesecombinations
are notvaridfor verifyingthefatiguerimitstate.
4 BasicCombination
4.1 For Checkingthe Equilibrium
For checkingthe equilibrium
of the structure,the partialsafetyfactorfor loadsshownin
ColumnNo.2 or 3 underTable3.1shallbe adoptej.
4.2 For Gheckingthe StructuralStrength

For checkingthe structurar
strength,the partialsafetyfactorfor roadsshownin column
No.2 underTable3.2shallbe adooted.
5 AccidentalGombination
For checkingthe equiribriumof the structure,the partiarsafetyfactorfor roadsshownin
ColumnNo 4 or 5 underTable3.1andfor checkingthestructural strength,
factorfor loadsshownin ColumnNo.3 underTabti g.z strattbe the partialsafety
adopted.
IRC:6-2014
6 SeismicCombination
Forcheckingtheequi|ibriumofthestructure,thepartia|safetyfactorfor|oadsSh
Co|umnNo.6orTunderTable3.landforcheckingthestructura|Strength,thepart
3'2 shallbe adopted'
factorfor loadsshownin ColumnNo' 4 underTable
combinationofLoadsfortheVerificationofServiceabi|ityLimitState
LoadsarerequiredtobecombinedtosatisfytheserviceabiIityrequirements.Theser
l i m i t s t a t e c h e c k S h a l | b e c a r r i e d o u t i n o r d e r t o h a v e c o n t r o | o n s t r eensured
s s , d e fthat
|ection,
shrinkage and creep effects. lt shall be
crackwidth,setilement andto estimate
t h e d e s i g n v a | u e o b t a i n e d b y u s i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c o m b i n a t i o n sofhloadsa | | b eshall
|essthan
critertn as per the relevant code. The rarecombination
valueof serviceability
beusedforcheckingtheStresslimit.Thefrequentcombinationof|oadssha|lbeu
checkingthedeflection,Vibrationandcrackwidth.Thequasi-permanentcombinati stress
creepeffectsandthe permanent
shallbe usedfor checkingthe setlement,shrinkage
in concrete.
7.'l RareGombination
Forcheckingthestress|imits,thepartialsafetyfactorforloadsshowninColumn
Table3.3 shallbe adopted'
7.2 FrequentCombination
Forcheckingthedef|ection,vibrationandcrackwidthinprestressedconcretes
oartialsafetyfactorfor|oadsshowninco|umnno.3underTable3.3sha||beadop
7.3 Combinations
Quasi-permanent
settlement, creepeffectsand to estimate
For checkingthe crackwidthin RCCstructures, No' 4
the permanent oartialsafetyfactor for loadsshownin Column
stressin the structure,
underTable3.3shallbe adopted'
Gombinationfor Designof Foundations
and to estimatethe structuralstrength
For checkingthe base Pressureunderfoundation
loads,the partialsafetyfaciorfor loadsfor 3 combinations
whichincludesthe geotechnical
shownin Table3.4shallbe used'
Themateria|safetyfactorforthesoilparameters,resisiancefactorandthea||owab
shallbe as perrelevantcooe
for thesecombinations
Dressure
IRC:6-2014
Table3.1 PartialSafetyFactorfor Verificationof Equilibrium
Loads BasicGombination Accidental

Gombination SeismicCombination
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (71
Overturning Restoring Overturning Resloring Overturning Restoring
or Sliding or Resisting or Sliding or Resisting or Sliding or Resisting
or Uplift Effect or Uplift Effeci o. Uplift Effect
ETTECT ETIECT Effect
I Permanent Loads: 1.05 0.95 1.0 1.0 1.05 0.95
I Dead Load, Snow load if present,
I SIDL exceptsurfacing,Backfitt
I weighl, settlement,creep and
shrinkageeffect
I
I
lSurfacino 1.0 '1.0 1.0
tPreslress-andSecondaryeffectof
I presrress
I
(RefefNote5)
|
I
I Earthpressuredueto BackFitl 1.50 1.0
I
I Variable Loads :
I CarriagewayLive Load,associated
I loads (braking,tractiveand
I centrifugalforces)and Pedestrian
I Live Load
| (a)As LeadingLoad 1.5 0 0
| (b) As accompanyingLoad 1.15 0 0.2 0 0.2
(c) Conskuction LiveLoad 1.35 0 1.0 0
I 1.0
Thermal Loads
(a)As LeadingLoad 1.50 0
(b)As accompanyingLoad 0.9 0 0.5 0.5
Wind
(a)As LeadingLoad 1.5 0
(b)As accompanyingLoad 0.9 0
Live Load Surchargeeffects(as 1.20
accompanying load)
Accidental effects:
i) Vehiclecollision(or) I
ii) Barge lmpact (or) |
iii) lmpact due to floatingbodies.l
Seismic Effect
(a) DuringService 't.5
(b) DuringConstruction
0.75
Constru cti on Conditi on :
Counter Weights:
a)When densityor self weight is well 1.0
oeined 1.0
b)When densityor selFweight is not 0.8 1.0
welldefined 1.0
c) Erectioneffects 1.05 0.95
Wind
(a) LeadingLoad 1.50 0
(b)AccompanyjngLoad 1.20 0
Hydraulic Loads: 1.0
(Accompanying Load):
Water currentforces 1.0 '1.0
Wave Pressure 1.0 '1.0
Hydrodynamiceffect
1.0
1.0
Buoyancy 1.0 1.0 1.0
75
IRC:6-2014
Nofes.'
a variation
1) During launchingthe counterweightpositionshall be allowed
'
of t 1 m for sieelbridges'
2) ForCombination referPara3'
principles
3) Therma|effecisincluderestraintsassociatedwithexpansion/contractionduet
ofconstruction(Porta|frame,archandelastomericbearings),frictiona|restrain
is not validfor
."t"iii" o""ring, and thermalgradients.This combinationhowever,
thedesignof bearingandexpansion joint'
4) Windloadandthermalloadneednot be takensimultaneously'
:prestressshall
5) Partialsafetyfactor for prestressand secondaryeffect of
recommended in the relevantcodes.
6) WhereverSnowLoadisapplicable,Clause22lshallbereferredforcombina
snowloadandliveload.
phase
7) Seismiceffectduringerectionstage is reducedto half when construction
doesnotexceed5 Years.
8) Forrepair,rehabilitationandretrofitting,theloadcombinationshallbe
specific.
'
e) of timeperiodandseismicforce,deadload'SIDLand appropriate
For calculation
corresponding
fivefoadas definedin Clause21g'5'2, shallnoi be enhancedby
partia|Safetyfactorasg|VeninTab|e3.1andsha||beca|cu|atedusingunfa
loads.
T6
IRC:6-2014
Table3.2PartialSafetyFactorfor Verificationof StructuralStrength
UltimateLimit State
Permanent Loads:
Dead Load, Snow load if present,SIDL except surfacing
a) Adding to the effect of variableloads
b) Relievingthe effect of variableloads
Surtacing:
Adding to the effect of variableloads
Relievingthe effect of variable loads
P/estress arrd Sec ondary effect of prestress

(refer note no. 2)
Back fill Weight
Eafth pressure due to Back Fi

a) Leading Load
b) AccompanyingLoad
Variable Loads:
CarriagewayLive Load and assocjatedloads (braking,
tractiveand centrifugalforces) and
Pedestrian Live Load:
a) Leading Load
b) AccompanyingLoad
c) ConstructionLive Load
Wind during service and construction

a) LeadingLoad
b) AccompanyingLoad
Live Load Surcharge(as accompanyingload)
Erectioneffects
Accidental Effects:
-l
i) VehicleCollision(or)
ii) Barge lmpact (or) |
iii) lmpactdue to floatingbodies,J
Seismic Effect
a) DuringService
b) DuringConstruction
Hydraulic Loads (Accompanying Load):
Water Current Forces

Wave Pressure
Hydrodynamiceffect
Buoyancy
77-
I
IRC:6-2014
/Vofes.'
1) Forcombination referPara3.
principles,
2\ Partialsafetyfactor for prestressand secondaryeffectof prestressshall be as
for
3) Wherever Snow Load is applicable,Clause 221 shall be referred
combination of snowloadandliveload.
4) Forcalculation of timeperiodand seismicforce,deadload,slDL and appropriate
live loadas definedin clause 215.5.2,shallnot be enhancedby corresponding
partialsafetyfactoras givenin Table3'2 and shallbe calculatedusingunfactored
loads.
Table3.3 Partialsafety Factorfor Verificationof serviceability Limit state
Frequent Quasi-permanent
Gombination Combination
Permanent Loads:
Dead Load, Snow load if Present'
SIDLincludingsurfacing
Back fill Weight
Prestressand Secondaryeffect of prestress

(refer note no. 4)
Shrinkageand Creep Effects
Earth Pressuredue to Back Fill
Settlement Effec/6
a) Addingto the Permanentloads
b) Opposingthe Permanentloads
Variable Loads:
CarriagewayLive Load and associated
loads(braking,tractiveand centrifugalforces) and
PedestrianLive Load
a) Leading Load
b) AccompanyingLoad
Thermal Loads
a) LeadingLoad
b) AccompanyingLoad
Wind
a) LeadingLoad
b) AccompanyingLoad
Live Load Surcharge(AccompanyingLoad)
Hyclraulic Loads (Accompanying Load):
WaterCurrentForces
WavePressure
Buoyancy
78
IRC:6-2014
Nofes .'
1) ForCombination principles,
referPara3.
)\ Thermalloadincludes restraints
associatedwithexpansion/
contraction dueto type
(Portalframe,archandelastomeric
of construction bearings),frictionalrestraintin
metallicbearingsandthermalgradients. Thiscombinationhowever, is notvalidfor
thedesignof bearingandexpansion joint.
3) Windandthermalloadsneednotbe takensimultaneously.
4) Partialsafetyfactor for prestressand secondaryeffectof prestressshall be as
WhereSnowLoadis applicable, Clause221 shallbe referredfor combination of
snowloadandliveload-
Table3.4 Gombinationfor BasePressureand Designof Foundation
Loads Combination Combination Seismic Accidental
(1) (2) Combination Combination
(1) (2) (3) (4) (s)
Permanent Loads:
Dead Load, Snow load if present, SIDLexceptsurfacing,
BackFillearthfilling 1.35 1.0 r.35 1.0
SIDLSurfacing 1.75 1.0 1.75 1.0
Pre-stressEffect
(refer note 4)
SettlementEffect '1.0 or 0 '1.0or 0
1 . 0o r 0 1 . 0o r 0
Eadh Pressuredue to back fill
a) LeadingLoad 1.50 1.30
b)Accompanying Load '1.0 '1.0
0.85 1.0
Variable Loads:
All carriagewayloads and associatedloads (braking,
tractiveand centrifugal)and pedestrianload
a) LeadingLoad 1.5 1.3 (0.75if applicable)(0.75if applicable)
or0 or0
b)Accompanying
Load 1.15 1.0 0.2 0.2
Thermal Loads as accompanyjngload 0.90 0.80 0.5 0.5
Wind
a) LeadingLoad '1.5 '1.3
b)Accompanying Load 0.9 0.80 0 0
Live Load Surchargeas AccompanyingLoad 1.2 1.0 0.2 o.2
(if applicable)
Accidental Effect or Seismic Elfect

Sei sm i c effect d uri ng c on stru cti on
a) DuringService f.5 '1.0
b) DuringConstruciion 0.75 0.5
Ercctionefiects 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Hydraulic Loads:
Water Current 1 . 0o r0 1 . 0o r 0 1 . 0o f 0 1 . 0o r 0
Wave Pfessure 1 . 0 o r0 1 . 0o r 0 '1.0or 0 1 . 0o r 0
Hydrodynamiceffect 1 . 0o r 0 1 . 0o r 0
Buoyancy:
For Base Pressure 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
For StructuralDesign 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.'15
79.
IRC:6-2014
Nofes.'
principles,refei para3'
1 ) Forcombination
2) Wheretwopartia|factorsareindicatedforIoadS,boththesefactorssha||beconsi
for arrivingat the severeeffeci'
3) WindandThermaleffectsneednot be'takensimultaneously'
effect of prestressshall be as
4) Partial safety factor for prestressand secondary
recommended in the relevantcodes'
be referredfor combinationof
5) whereversnow Load is appticable,ilause 221 shall
snowloadandliveload'
siageis'reducedto halfwhenoonstruction phasedoes
6) Seismiceffectduring'erection
notexceed5 Years.
7) Forrepair,rehabi|itationandretrofittingthe|oadcombinationsha||beprojectsp
load'SIDLand appropriatelive
8) Forcalculationof time periodand seismicforce'dead partial
by corresponding
load as definedin Clause 219'5'2'shall not be enhanced
usingunfactoredloads'
safetyfactoras givenin Table3'4 and shallbe calculated
3'4 shall be usedfor structural
e) At presentthe combinationof loadsshownin Table
pressureunderfoundation unfactored
designoffoundationonly'Forcheckingthe base
of base pressureunoer
load-sshall be used.Table 3'4 shall be used for checking
factor and resistancefactor are
foundationonly when tne relevantmaierialsafety
introducedin IRC:78.
-80
IRC:6-2014
AnnexG
(Clause209.3.3)
Wind Load Computationon Truss BridgeSuperstructure
C-1.1Superstructures without live load: The designtransversewind loadF, shallbe

fortheareasof thewindwardandleewardtrussgirderanddeckelements.
derivedseparately
Exceptthat F, need not be derivedconsideringthe projectedareasof windwardparapet
shieldedbywindwardtruss,or viceversa,deckshieldedbythewindwardtruss,or viceversa
and leewardtrussshieldedby the deck.
fhe areaA, for eachtruss,parapetetc.shallbe the solidareain normalprojected

elevation.
TheareaA',for the deckshallbe basedon the fulldepthofthe deck.
G-1.2Superstructures with live load:The designtransverse windloadshallbe derived

separately for elementsas specifiedin C-1 and alsofor the liveloaddepth.The areaA,for
the deck,parapets, trussesetc.shallbe as for thesuperstructure withoutliveload.Thearea
A, forthe liveloadshallbe derivedusingtheappropriate liveloaddepth.
C-1.3DragCoefficientC, for All TrussGirderSuperstructures
a) C,,for eachtrussandfor
Superstructureswithout live load: The dragcoefficient
the deckshallbe derivedas follows:
Fora windwardtrussC, shallbe takenfromTableC-1. Forleewardtrussof a superstructure
withtwotrusses,dragcoefficient shallbetakenas r1Co. Valuesof shieldingfactor4 aregiven
areato the overallarea
in TableC-2.Thesolidityratioof thetrussis the ratioof the effective
of thetruss.
Wherea superstructurehasmorethantwotrusses,thedragcoefficient forthetrussadjacent

forallothertrusses
above.Thecoefficient
to thewindwardtrussshallbe derivedas specified
shallbe takenas equalto thisvalue.
shallbe takenas 1.1.

thedragcoefficient
ForDeckConstruction,
b) Superstructurewith live load: The dragcoefficientC, for eachtrussandfor the

parts
withoutliveload.C" for the unshielded
deckshallbe as for thesuperstructure
of theliveloadshallbe takenas 1.45.
8.1
IRC:6-2014
TableC-1 ForceCoefficientsfor SingleTruss
Drag Coefficient Cofor
Built-up RoundedMembersof Diameter(d)

Sections
(dvz<6m'z/s)
,Votes.'
betweenvaluesis permitted
1) Linearinterpolation
2\Theso|idityratioofthetrussistheratioofthenetareatooveral|areaofthetrus
Table G-2ShieldingFactor4 for MultipleTrusses
Valueof 4 for Solidity Ratio

Truss SpacingRatio
1) betweenvaluesis permitted'
Linearinterpolation
trusses divided bY
2) The truss spacingratio is the distancebetvveencenters of
depthof thewindward truss.
6Z
J
IRC:G2014
Annex D
(Clause219.5)
Thefundamental ngturalperiodT (inseconds)
of pier/abutment
ofthebridgealonga horizontal
I direclionmaybe estimatedby thefollowingexpresqion:
f=2.0
f D
I 1000F
wnere,
n - -
I Appropriate
deadloadof the superstructure
andliveloadin kN
i I
Horizontalforce in kN iequiredto be appliedat the centre of mass of

I superstructurefor one mm horizontaldeflectionat the top of the pier/
r abutmentfor the earthquakein the transversedirection;and the force

to be appliedat the t6p of the bearingsfor the earthquake
in the longitudinal
I otreclon.
f" I
,
! :
v
]
t3
IRC:6-2014
Annex E
(Clause220'1)
IN INDIA
OF INLANDWATERWAYS
CLASSIFICATION
in Cleaaances
Minimum for cross
Bargeunits MinimumDimensionsof NavigationalChannels structure
Class of Tonnage Lean Seasons
(DVW)
of SPV Canals Hodzontal clealance
Tonnage
(r) Dimension
of Single Demensionof of Barge Bottom Bottom Radius
Barge BarceUnits Units at Bend Canals roleatance"*
(D!w) Depth" width Depth' width
(LxBxD) (LxBxD) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
(m) (m) cr) (m) (m) (m)
20 300 30 20 4.0
200 1.20 30 1.50
100 32x5x1.0
1loxgx1.2 '1.40 30 500 40 30 5.0

600 40 1.80
300 45x9x1.2
'141x9x1.5 40 7.0
50 2.20 40 700 50
1000 1.7D
l 500 58x9x1.5
17ox12x1.4 50 800 50 50 10.0

2000 2.00 50 2.50
1000 70x12x1.6
17ox24x1.8 80 10.0
2.00 80 800
1000 70x12x1.6 4000
210x14P.5 60 900 80 60 10.0

4000 2.75 80 3.50
2000 86x14x2.5
21'x26x2.5 100 10.0

100 900
2000 a6x14x2.5 8000
Note:
B-BeamWidth:D-LoadedDraft
1) SPV : SelfPropelledVehicle: L-OverallLength;
for 95%of theyear
2) MinimumDepthof Channelshouldbe available
least75% of the portionof eachof the
3) The verticalclearanceshallbe availablein at
season'
soansin entirewidthof the waierwayduringlean
4) Reference|eve|sforVertica|c|earanceindifferenttypesofchanne|sisgivenb
A) HighFloodLevel(NHFL)'whichis the highest
For rivers,over Navigational
year over a periodof last twenty
Flood level at a frequencyof 5% in any
years
B) Fortidalcanals,overthe highesthighwaterlevel
c) Forothercanals,overdesigned for supplylevel
84

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J

1. Kandasamy,C. DirectorGeneral(RD)& Spl. Secy.to Govt.of India,Ministryof Road

IRC Class 70R Loading:This loadingis to be normallyadoptedon all roadson which

IRCClassAALoading:Thisloadingisto beadoptedwithincertainmunicipal limits,in certain

IRCClassB Loading:Thisloadingis to be normallyadoptedfor timberbridges.

2O1.2 Existingbridgeswhichwerenotoriginally constructedor laterstrengthened

Annex A givesthe essentialdata regardingthe limitingloadsin each bridge'sclass,and

201.3 Individual bridgesand culvertsdesignedto takeelectrictramwaysor otherspecial

Thesnowloadsmaybe basedbe basedon actualobservation

ii) Temperature effects(F,")in this contextis notthe frictionalforcedueto the movement

iii) The wave forcesshall be determinedby suitableanalysisconsideringdrawing

202.2.2All membersshallbe designedto sustainsafelymostcriticalcombination of various

202.3 Combinationof Loadsand Forcesand Permissiblelncreasein Stresses

203 DEAD LOAD

(.e) l.a$a apPre ;

(rl) uo!I5!il 6ulreag

('' O) l5Ed(ul slclqa^ o

3) Useof fractionalliveloadshownin Table1 is applicable

Seismiceffectduringerectionstageis reducedto half in loadcombination

o/ Theloadcombinations (VlllandlX)relateto theconstruction

204 LIVE LOADS

204.1 Detailsof l.R.C.Loadings

2 0 4 ' 1 ' , | F o r b r i d g e s c t a s s i f i e d u n d e rof

2 0 4 ' , | ' 3 F o r e a c h S t a n d a r d v e hposition

SA.0.41xo-61 SA. 0.41x0.61 SA.0.23x0.51

ClassA Trainof Vehicles

Axle load (tonne) Groundcontactarea

CLEAR CARRIAGEWAYWI DTH

1.6 ,|.6 6.86.8 4.1 4'1 4.1 41 ]b r'o

ClassB Trainof Vehicles

4) widthlessthan 5'06 m, onlysinglelaneof ClassB

5) The minimumclearances, f betweenouteredgeof the wheelandthe roadwayface

204.3 Combinationof Live Load

Numberof Lanesfor Load Combination

13.1 m and abovebut

CASE 1 : CLASS 70R (!V)

CASE3 | CLASS70R(W) - 2 LANES

oASE 2 : CLASSA - 3 LANES+CLASS7OR(W)

NO.OF LANES WIDTH(CW)& LOADINGARRANGE[/ENT

CASE 3 : CLASS 70R (Vv)- 2 TANES+ CLASSA -'t LANE

CASE4 : CLASSA -1 LANE+ CLASS70R (W)- 2 LANES

CASE2 : CLA$ A- 4 LANES+ CLASS70R (W) rNTHSZoNE)

3) All dimensionsin Table2 are in metre'

204.4 Congestion Factor

205 REDUCTIONIN THE LONGITUDINAL

Numberof lanes Reduction in longitudinal effect

Category Application Containmentfor

lengthin metresof the span as specifiedin Clause208'5

Fig. 5 lmpactPercentagefor HighwayBridgesfor ClassA and ClassB Loading(Clause208.2)

a) For spanssimplysupportedor continuousor for arches

b) For bridgeshavingcantileverarms withoutsuspendedspans """"""""'

c) For bridgeshavingcantileverarmswith suspendedspan """"'

208.6 ln any bridgestructurewherethereis a fillingof not lessthan0.6 m includingthe

a) Forcalculatingthe pressureat the

b) Forcalculating the pressureon the 0.5

the pressureon the portionof the

208.9 Theseclauses on impactdo notapplyto thedesignof suspension bridges andfoot

209 WIND LOAD

209.1 Thisclauseis applicable to normalspanbridges withindividual spanlengthup to

2og'1-1 The wind pressure actingon a bridgedependson the geographicar locations,

In additionto applyingthe prescribedloadsin thedesignof bridgeelements,

209.2 Thewindspeedat the locationof bridgeshallbe basedon basicwindspeeomapas

Up to 10 m 27.80 463.70 17.80 190.50