COLUMNS

Buckling Factors Ke:

Where:
Fc = allowable compressive stress parallel to grain
E = modulus of elasticity of wood
Le = effective length of column
= Ke L
d = least dimension of the column
Working Stresses for Visually Stress-Graded Unseasoned Structural Timber of
Philippine Woods

80% Stress Grade

Compression
Bending & Tension Modulus of Compression Shear parallel to
Species Perpendicular to
Parallel to Grain Elasticity in Bending Parallel to grain Grain
Grain
MPa GPa MPa MPa MPa
I. High Strength Group
Agoho 26.30 8.22 14.50 5.91 2.95
Liusin 25.00 9.36 15.60 4.31 2.64
Malabayabas 28.10 8.30 15.80 8.70 3.02
Manggachapui 25.80 9.63 16.00 6.03 2.78
Molave 24.00 6.54 15.40 6.34 2.88
Narig 21.80 8.33 13.70 4.91 2.61
Sasalit 31.30 9.72 21.60 10.20 3.38
Yakal 24.50 9.18 15.80 6.27 2.49
II. Moderately High Strength Group
Antipolo 18.60 5.35 10.80 3.90 2.06
Binggas 18.90 6.57 11.40 3.27 2.24
Bokbok 18.10 6.36 11.30 3.41 2.18
Dao 16.20 5.43 9.44 2.27 1.92
Gatasan 20.80 6.84 13.50 3.52 2.36
Guijo 21.80 8.47 13.20 4.26 2.40
Kamagong 20.90 7.20 11.70 4.39 2.47
Kamatog 19.00 7.56 11.20 3.95 2.35
Katmon 18.80 6.82 11.90 4.84 2.29
Kato 18.40 8.04 10.60 3.46 1.96
Lomarau 19.80 7.92 11.80 2.98 2.18
Mahogany, Big-leafed 16.50 4.66 10.50 3.83 2.71
Makaasim 20.50 6.72 11.40 3.70 2.40
Malakauayan 18.90 6.66 11.20 2.32 2.14
Narra 18.00 5.94 11.40 3.01 1.91
Pahutan 16.60 6.53 10.00 2.50 2.05
III. Medium Strength Group
Apitong 16.50 7.31 9.56 2.20 1.73
Bagtikan 16.60 6.48 9.89 2.33 1.82
Dangkalan 16.30 6.38 9.20 2.48 1.98
Gisau 14.30 5.33 8.16 1.99 1.90
Lanutan-bagyo 15.00 6.06 8.96 2.02 1.84
Lauan 13.90 5.83 8.18 1.72 1.48
Malaanonang 13.80 5.41 8.54 1.96 1.59
Malasaging 16.80 5.94 9.51 2.92 1.85
Malugai 15.40 6.30 9.33 3.07 2.07
Miau 15.70 6.50 8.83 2.78 2.06
Nato 16.20 5.56 9.17 2.33 1.98
Palosapis 13.80 5.98 8.38 2.73 1.68
Pine 14.70 6.66 8.29 1.88 1.56
Salakin 15.70 5.67 8.83 2.94 1.88
Vidal lanutan 19.50 5.83 8.54 2.65 2.39
IV. Moderately Low Strength Group
Almaciga 11.80 5.47 6.27 1.44 1.47
Bayok 12.60 4.75 7.33 1.30 1.20
Lingo-lingo 13.20 4.13 6.85 2.00 1.66
Mangasinoro 12.80 5.36 7.46 1.97 1.44
Raintree 11.60 2.75 7.23 3.32 2.07
Yemane 12.60 4.09 7.87 3.40 1.96
Working Stresses for Visually Stress-Graded Unseasoned Structural Timber of Philippine Woods

50% Stress Grade

Cpmpression
Bending & Tension Modulus of Compression Shear parallel to
Species Perpendicular to
Parallel to Grain Elasticity in Bending Parallel to grain Grain
Grain
MPa GPa MPa MPa MPa
I. High Strength Group
Agoho 16.40 5.14 9.06 3.69 1.84
Liusin 15.60 5.85 9.76 2.69 1.65
Malabayabas 17.90 5.19 9.90 5.44 1.89
Manggachapui 16.10 6.02 10.0 3.77 1.74
Molave 15.00 4.09 9.60 3.96 1.80
Narig 13.60 5.20 8.59 3.11 1.63
Sasalit 19.60 6.08 13.5 6.40 2.12
Yakal 15.30 3.11 9.55 3.92 1.55
II. Moderately High Strength Group
Antipolo 11.60 3.34 6.77 2.44 1.29
Binggas 11.80 4.11 7.13 2.04 1.40
Bokbok 11.30 3.97 7.06 2.13 1.36
Dao 10.10 3.39 5.90 1.42 1.20
Gatasan 13.00 4.27 8.42 2.20 1.47
Guijo 13.60 5.30 8.22 2.66 1.50
Kamagong 13.10 4.50 7.31 2.74 1.54
Kamatog 11.90 4.72 6.98 2.47 1.47
Katmon 11.70 4.26 7.44 3.03 1.43
Kato 11.50 5.02 6.62 2.17 1.23
Lomarau 12.40 4.95 7.38 2.86 1.36
Mahogany, Big-leafed 10.30 2.91 6.54 2.39 1.69
Makaasim 12.80 4.20 7.10 2.31 1.50
Malakauayan 11.80 4.16 6.98 1.45 1.34
Narra 11.20 3.71 7.12 1.92 1.20
Pahutan 10.40 4.08 6.25 1.56 1.28
III. Medium Strength Group
Apitong 10.30 4.57 5.97 1.37 1.08
Bagtikan 10.40 4.05 6.18 1.46 1.14
Dangkalan 10.20 3.99 5.75 1.55 1.24
Gisau 8.93 3.33 5.10 1.24 1.18
Lanutan-bagyo 9.39 3.79 5.60 1.26 1.15
Lauan 8.68 3.64 5.11 1.07 0.93
Malaanonang 8.63 3.38 5.34 1.23 0.99
Malasaging 10.50 3.71 5.95 1.83 1.16
Malugai 9.62 3.94 5.83 1.92 1.30
Miau 9.80 4.06 5.52 1.74 1.29
Nato 10.1 3.48 5.73 1.46 1.24
Palosapis 8.65 3.73 5.24 1.70 1.05
Pine 9.19 4.16 5.18 1.18 0.98
Salakin 9.83 3.54 5.52 1.84 1.18
Vidal lanutan 12.2 3.64 5.34 1.66 1.50
IV. Moderately Low Strength Group
Almaciga 7.35 3.42 3.92 0.90 0.92
Bayok 7.89 2.97 4.58 0.81 0.75
Lingo-lingo 8.27 2.58 4.28 1.25 1.04
Mangasinoro 7.98 3.35 4.66 1.23 0.90
Raintree 7.43 1.72 4.52 2.07 1.30
Yemane 7.86 2.55 4.92 2.13 1.23