QUARTER 2

EAST ASIAN MUSIC

JAPANESE MUSIC:
 Japanese vocal music is based on the intervals of human breathing.
 JAPANESE MUSICIANS FOCUS ON MASTERING THEIR INSTRUMENTS RATHER THAN PERFECTING A
TECHNIQUE.
 TRADITIONAL MUSIC IS MEDITATIVE IN CHARACTER

JAPANESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS:

A. PERCUSSION ISTRUMENTS (MEMBRANOPHONE)
 ODAIKO (Big DRUM)

 TSUZUMI (HOURGLASS-SHAPE)
Two varieties:
 kotsuzumi (smaller/held on the right shoulder)

 otsuzumi (larger/placed on th eleft thigh)

 They are used in both noh and kabuki performances.

 TSURIDAIKO (A LARGE HANGING BARREL DRUM)

 TAIKO (IT HAS VARIOUS SIZES AND USED TO PLAY A VARIETY OF MUSICAL GENRES)
 B. STRING INSTRUMENTS (CHORDOPHONE)
 KOTO – A 13-STRING ZITHER, ABOUT 2 METERS LONG AND MADE OF PAULOWNIA WOOD. IT IS
PLUCKED USING PICKS ON THE THUMB AND FIRST 2 FINGERS OF THE RIGHT HAND. USED IN AN
ENSEMBLE IN GAGAKU OR AS A SOLO INSTRUMENT.

 SHAMISEN – A PLUCKED STRING INSTRUMENT. THE NECK IS FRETLESS.

 BIWA – SHORT NECKED FRETED LUTE, OFTEN USED IN NARRATIVE STORYTELLING.

C. WIND INSTRUMENTS (AEROPHONE)

 SHAKUHACHI – THE MOST FAMOUS FLUTE FROM BAMBOO. IT HAS 4 OR 5 FINGER HOLES ON THE
FRONT FACE AND A THUMBHOLE IN THE REAR FACE.

 NOKAN – A BAMBOO FLUTE WITH ONLY 1 MELODIC TONE.

 HICHIRIKI – A DOUBLE REED JAPANESE FLUTE USED AS ONE OF TWO MAIN MELODIC
INSTRUMENTS IN JAPANESE GAGAKU MUSIC THE OTHER ONE IS RYUTEKI.

 SHO – FREE REED INSTRUMENT THAT WAS INTRODUCED FROM CHINA DURING THE NARA
PERIOD.
  SHINOBUE – OR TAKEBUE, IT HAS A HIGH PITCHED SOUND.

 RYUTEKI – DRAGON FLUTE.

CHINESE MUSIC:
 CHINESE VOCAL MUSIC HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN SUNG IN A THIN, NON RESONANT VOICE, OR
IN FALSETTO. IT IS SUNG IN SOLO RATHER CHORAL.
 ALL TRADITIONAL CHINESE MUSIC IS MELODIC RATHER THAN HARMONIC.
 XIAODIAO, OR SHORT TUNES, ARE POPULAR MUSIC IN CHINESE URBAN AREAS.

CHINESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS:

A. STRING INSTRUMENTS
 YUEQIN – A MOON-SHAPED LUTE WITH SHORTER NECK AND FOUR STRINGS, PLAYED WITH A
SPECTRUM, USED FOR ACCOMPANYING LOCAL OPERAS.

 PIPA – A 4-STRINGED LUTE WITH 30 FRETS AND A PEAR-SHAPED BODY.

 ERHU- A 2-STRINGED FIDDLE AND ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR Chinese instruments.
  ZHENG – ANCIENT CHINESE INSTRUMENT. WITH 13 – 21 STRINGS STRECTHED OVER INDIVIDUAL
BRIDGES.

B. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS:
 YUNLUO – CLOUD GONGS OR CLOUD OF GONGS. A SET OF 10 GONGS IN A WOODEN FRAME.

 PENGLING – TWO SMALL BELLS MADE HIGH-TIN BRONZE. IT BRINGS AN EFFECT OF PEACEFUL
DREAMS.

C. WIND INSTRUMENTS:
 SHENG – ALSO CALLED CHINESE MOUTH ORGAN WITH 12 – 36 BAMBOO PIPES. IT IS ONE OF THE
OLDEST CHINESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

 DIZI – TRADITIONAL FLUTE. IT HAS SIX HOLES FOUND IN THE ROD.

KOREAN MUSIC:
 KOREAN MUSIC HAS A SLOW TEMPO, GIVING IT A VERY PEACEFUL AND PENSIVE CHARACTER.
 CHONG AK – MUSIC FOR THE NOBLE CLASSES.
 SOG-AK OR MINSOGAK – MUSIC FOR THE LOWER CLASSES.
 PANSORI – A KIND OF MUSIC PRESENTED TO AUDIENCES BY SKILLED VOCAL SINGERS AND
DRUMMERS.
 ARIRANG – A KOREAN FOLK SONG USED AS A SYMBOL OF KOREA AND KOREAN CULTURE. IT
EVOKES THE FEELING OF THE TEARS SHED BY KOREANS AND THE REMEMBRANCE OF SAD
STORIES SPECIFICALLY PARTINGS.
 KOREAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS:
A. STRING INSTRUMENTS
 KAYAGUM (GAYAGEUM) – A TRADITIONAL KOREAN ZITHER-LIKE STRING INSTRUMENT, WITH 12
STRINGS. THE BEST KNOWN TRADITIONAL KOREAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

 Geomunggo – 6-string plucked zither. Known as black crane zither.

 HAEGUM (2-STRINGED VERTICAL FIDDLE)

B. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
 CHANGGO – THE MOST WIDELY USED DRUM IN THE TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF KOREA.
HOURGLASS-SHAPED.

C. WIND INSTRUMENTS
 PIRI – USED IN BOTH FOLK AND CLASSICAL (COURT) MUSIC OF KOREA. It is made of bamboo.
 Q2 SUMMATIVE TEST IN MUSIC

Name: ___________________________________ Section: __________________ Score: _________

I. Choose the correct answer. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. How is Chinese music described?
a. It is gentle and lyrical c. It is meditative and highly ritualized
b. It is slow in tempo and is very peaceful d. It is slow and melancholy
2. Which of the following is one of China’s most popular instruments?
a. Haegum c. Koto
b. Erhu d. Shamisen
3. What meter is used in the Japanese song “Sakura”.
a. Quadruple c. Duple
b. Triple d. Compound
4. Which of the following does not belong in the group?
a. Tsuzumi c. Taiko
b. Odaiko d. Changgo
5. Which Korean music category is traditionally associated with the lower class?
a. Tang-ak c. Sog-ak
b. Chong-ak d. A-ak
6. How is the “Arirang” song classified?
a. Welcome song c. Song for spring
b. Love song d. Parting song
7. What melody is used in the folk song “Mo Li Hua”
a. Melodic c. Diatonic
b. Pentatonic d. Harmonic
8. Which Japanese instrument is the counterpart of the kayageum?
a. Koto c. Shamisen
b. Geomungo d. Zheng
9. Which Japanese instrument is called the “dragon flute”
a. Shimobue c. Ryuteki
b. Hichiriki d. Hsakuhachi
10. Which of the following statements about the changgo is correct?
a. It is a sngle headed drum whose tone is altered by squeezing its laces.
b. It is a Japanese drum that has become the central instrument of percussion ensemble.
c. It is a large hanging barrel drum
d. An hour glass-shaped double headed drum made from animal skin.

II. Match the pictures. Write the letter of the correct answer before the number.

_______11. biwa a. erhu

_______12. haegum b. pengling

_______13. zheng c. biwa

_______14. erhu d. sheng

_______15. taiko e. tsuridaiko

_______16. pengling f. haegum

_______17. changgo g. taiko

_______18. sheng h. zheng

_______19. sho i. sho

_______20. tsuridaiko j. changgo

_______21. yunluo k. dizi

_______22. dizi l. yunluo

_______23. odaiko m. ryuteki

_______24. yueqin n. odaiko

_______25. ryuteki o. yueqin