TROPICAL PLANT CURRICULUM PROJECT

PHENOLIC
BIOSYNTHESIS

Nuri Andarwulan
SEAFAST Center, IPB
Southeast Asian Food & Agr. Sci & Tech Center
Department of Food Science and
Technology, IPB

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TROPICAL PLANT CURRICULUM PROJECT

DISCLAIMER
This publication is made possible by the generous support of the
American people through the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Texas
A&M University and Bogor Agricultural University as the USAID
This presentation is made possible by the generous support of the American
Tropical Plant Curriculum Project partners and do not necessarily
people through the United States Agency for International Development
refl ect the
(USAID). Theviews
contentsofareUSAID or the United
the responsibility States
of Texas A&M Government.
AgriLIFE and
Bogor Agricultural University as the USAID Tropical Plant Curriculum Project
partners and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United
States Government.

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 Agenda
• Biosynthesis of the phenolic
constituents
– A ring (C6)
– B ring (C6-C3)
• Biochemical technique for study on
the phenolic biosynthesis
• Biological properties of the phenolic
constituents
 Biosynthesis of the Phenolic Constituents

• The two benzene rings (A and B rings) of

the flavonoids have different biogenetic
origin.
• C6-C3-C6 molecule of the flavonoids
results from condensation of
phloroglucinol with one unit of
phenylpropane to give a precursor.
FLAVONOIDS (C6-C3-C6)
FLAVONOIDS (C6-C3-C6)
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway Glycolysis

Glucose

NADP+ Glucose-6-P Glucose-6-P

G-6-P dehydrogenase
NADPH2 6-Phospho- Fructose-6-P
NADP+ glucono-GG-lactone
6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase
NADPH2 Ribulose-5-P

Phosphoribosyl Ribose-5-P
pyrophosphate (PRPP)
Erythrose-4-P Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Purine

Adenine Guanine Pyruvate

Cytokinin TCA Cycle

 Shikimate Pathway

Erythrose-4-P Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

DAHP synthase

DAHP

Shikimate

Chorismate

Tyr Phe Trp

PAL
Cinnamate Benzoic Acid Salicylic Acid

GPX
Phenolic Lignin

Phenylpropanoid Pathway
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway Glycolysis

Mitochondria Cytosol and/or Chloroplast Glucose

Proline Proline Glucose-6-P Glucose-6-P

+
Proline Dehydrogenase NADP G-6-P dehydrogenase
P5C reductase
-
e NADPH 2
P-5-C P-5-C 6-Phospho- Fructose-6-P
glucono- G-lactone
+
NADP 6-phosphogluconate
-
e dehydrogenase
NADPH 2
Glutamate Glutamate Ribulose-5-P

D-ketoglutarate Ribose-5-P

TCA Cycle Erythrose-4-P Phosphoenolpyruvate Pyruvate

(PEP)

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Shikimate Pathway TCA Cycle

(PRPP)
DAHP synthase

Purine DAHP

Adenine Guanine Shikimate

Cytokinin Chorismate Trp

Phe Indole Acetic Acid

PAL

Cinnamate Benzoic Salicylic

Acid Acid
Phenolic Lignin

Phenylpropanoid Pathway

PROLINE-LINKED PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

P
Mitochondria
Cytosol and/or Chloroplast
Proline Proline
Proline dehydrogenase
NADP+
e– P5C reductase
NADPH2
P-5-C P-5-C

NADP+
e–
NADPH2
Glutamate Glutamate

D-ketoglutarate

TCA Cycle
 Biochemical Technique for Phenolic Biosynthesis

• The biosynthesis of cellular constituents is studied by

means of three biochemical techniques:
1. Use of mutants, which have lost their capacity for
synthesizing some essential substance on the pathway.
2. In vitro study of the elementary biochemical reactions in
the route of biosynthesis, using enzymatic systems isolated
from plant materials.
3. Use of molecules labeled with isotopic Carbon (14C)
 Plant Science 135: 11 - 16.

Presence of proanthocyanidins in mutant green Sarracenia indicate blockage in

late anthocyanin biosynthesis between leucocyanidin and pseudobase

Philip M. Sheridan a,b,*, Richard R. Mills a

a Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-842012, USA
b Meadowview Biological Research Station, 8390 Fredericksburg Tnpk., Woodford, VA 22580,
USA
Received 25 July 1997; received in revised form 20 March 1998; accepted 20 March 1998
Biological Properties of
Phenolic Constituents
receptor