BUSINESS SATISTICS

RAPE (ST/SC)
Submitted by:
SALONI KUMAR
B.B.A.LLB., Division A, 18010224200

Batch-2018-2023

OF

Symbiosis Law School, NOIDA

(Symbiosis International (Deemed University))

In
August, 2019
Under The Guidance Of

Dr. Megha Chauhan

(Symbiosis Law School, NOIDA)

47/48, Opposite Nokia Siemens Building, A Block, Phase 2, Industrial

Area, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. LIST OF TABLES
2. LIST OF CHARTS
3. INTRODUCTION
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
5. DATA REPRESENTATION IN TABLE
6. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
7. ARITHMETIC MEAN OF THE DATA
8. INTERPRETATION OF DATA
9. CONCLUSION
10. REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES
1. Number of rape cases took place between 2013-2017 victimising ST SC category .
2. Top five states of the country responsible for the rapes taking place in the country victimising
ST SC .

LIST OF CHARTS
1. Chart representing number of rapes committed against ST SC in the last five years .
2. Chart representing the top five states responsible for the rape against ST SC .
 INTRODUCTION
Incidents of rape in India have gone up tenfold in the past 40 years. Since 1971, recorded cases have
skyrocketed from 2,500 to nearly 25,000, and police officials believe that only 10 percent of cases
are actually reported and recorded. The victims of these crimes are overwhelmingly female and range
from women and girls in rural villages to women making their way into higher places of employment
and wealth. Many argue that the high rates of rape in rural areas of India such as Uttar Pradesh, where
more than 60 million people live on less than $1 a day, are attributed to the caste system. The caste
system refers to a social hierarchy that dates back to around 2,000 B.C. Under the system, Indian
society was divided into four main groups, with a fifth identified as the “untouchables.” These were
the members of society below all the others in the system. They took care of all of the work that most
people would prefer not to do, such as dealing with sewage and carrying out other “dirty work.” In
other words, this group would be at the bottom of the economic ladder: India’s poorest. Typically,
when rape occurs today in these poorer regions, there is a male suspect of a higher caste and a female
victim of a lower caste. It is the caste system combined with other factors such as poverty,
unemployment and gender inequality that many argue are at the core of the problem of rape and
murder in India. The most recent reported case of rape in India has caused a national uproar, as the
father of one of the victims has attributed the crime to the overwhelmingly influential caste system
and the victims are mainly the people belonging to the Schedule Caste and the Schedule Tribe. In
May of 2014, two teenage Indian girls were raped and killed in the Budaun district of Uttar Pradesh
State, one of the poorest areas of the country. The father of one of the girls feels confident that the
crime was “a product of a conspiracy among Yadavs, members of the dominant caste in the area.”
The girls, cousins aged 14 and 15, were found dead hanging from mango trees in a nearby forest.
Autopsies reported by the chief of the district police affirmed that they had in fact been raped and
strangled to death. Two police officers, both of the Yadav caste, were taken into custody after being
identified as prime suspects. Despite suspects being identified, citizens of the area are unsure what
the outcome will be because “charges of rape leveled by a low-caste father can have deep resonance
[there], as for centuries upper-caste Hindus could attack, rape or even murder those in low castes with
impunity.” In other words, the caste system has allowed many to get away with rape and murder
before, and there does not seem to be much stopping it from happening again. A remark met with
great criticism came from the former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, Mulayam Singh Yadav, who
commented on the occurrence in Budaun by explaining, “Boys will be boys.” The chief minister has
also criticized the recently passed anti-rape laws in India. What will happen to the suspects remains
to be seen. However, some feel that the uproar of this incident is progress in itself seeing as most rape
victims in India throughout the years have remained silent and historically, their families would
ostracize them. After the vicious gang rape in New Delhi in December of 2012, however, there has
been a national campaign to encourage victims to go to the police and report their crime. Following
the 2012 incident, protests arose across the country. This led to India’s instituting important anti-rape
laws. These laws include the development of an online national registry for rapists.
The Delhi government officials said they would register names and photographs of all convicted
rapists. Although this new system has been instituted, India has continued to see struggles for justice
in rape cases throughout the country and the situation is far from being solved. Citizens worry that
these laws will do little to improve the situation in the coming years due to the strong presence of the
caste system and the lack of effort from government leaders.
 LITREATURE REVIEWS
The research paper aims at highlighting the rape problems in the Indian society faced by the people
belonging to Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes. It will take the help of various articles to find out
the extent and the cases of rape taking place in the country and much more information about the
victims of the community .

 Sanya Dhingra (December , 2017) in her article titled as “Sex crimes against SCs/STs rising
since 2014, experts say it’s power play” stated that According to NCRB data, 13.9 per cent of
all atrocities against SCs and 14.8 per cent of all crimes against STs were rape or sexual assault.
There has been a long-held – although disputed – feminist argument that rape is about power, not
sexual gratification. India’s latest crime statistics seem to back this belief, experts said. Since
2014, sexual violence against the Scheduled Castes (SC) has been the most dominant form of
atrocities perpetrated against the marginalised group, and has been increasing marginally each
year. According to the latest National Crime Records Bureau statistics, 13.9 per cent of all
atrocities committed against SCs included rape or sexual assault. In 2015 and 2014, these crimes
constituted 12.73 per cent and 10.9 per cent of all crimes respectively. In 2016, similar patterns
were recorded against Scheduled Tribes (ST). Rape accounted for 14.8 per cent of all crimes
reported against STs, followed only by 12.7 per cent cases of assault on women, with intent to
outrage their modesty. About 973 cases of rape were reported in 2016 against ST women, whereas
2,541 cases of rape were reported against SC women. the data is not surprising in the least. While
there’s much to be said about gender violence in general, in a society saturated with caste
hierarchies, sexual violence becomes yet another way to assert the violability of lower castes,
they argue. “Caste is an instrument of patriarchy, and a system of dominance and oppression. To
keep control over lower castes, one of the easiest ways is to violate the bahu-betis of the Dalit
community,” says Ranjana Kumari, director of the Centre for Social Research. The lack of access
to law enforcement for Dalits makes matters worse, argues Kumari. While it is not unusual for
caste women to be dismissed by the police, the occurrence of the phenomenon is much higher
with Dalit and Adivasi women, she says. The social subordination of Dalit men makes them
incapable of providing any security to “their” women, she says, as opposed to men from dominant
castes, who are seen as ‘virile’ enough to guard the women of their communities.

 Dhananjay Mahapatra (2018) Rising cases of ST SC rape and a growing perception of slack
law enforcement spurred the Supreme Court of the country to Suo motto register a PIL and take
it up for hearing to attempt to share a concentrated and clear national response displaying zero
tolerance towards ST SC rape . Disturbed by the clutch of media reports on recurring incidents
of Rape and assaults with ST and SC which includes both females and little children and even
infants as victims has lead to decline of humanity in the country of Gods and Goddesses in no
time . Data of these rapes and assaults collected have been collected through all High Courts of
the country and compiled by the registry reveal a depressing picture about the law lacking a
deterrent effect on offenders . The registry’s report accompanying the collected data sheet , said
 that CJI had rightly concluded on the “need for intervention in shaping concerted, persistent and
clear national response , displaying ‘zero tolerance’ for such abhorrent and horrifying behaviour
towards the children and female of our country, by the criminal justice administration and its
constituents in India.” This is the condition of our country in this era where human rights are
promoted but not enacted upon .

 Chaitanya Mullapur (2015) in his article on Sexual assaults, rapes top crimes against
Schedule Castes , Sexual assaults against women and rape are the top crimes against scheduled
castes (SCs). Among India’s 29 states, multicultural Goa, ranked 26th by population, has the
highest crime rate against SCs.In absolute numbers, Uttar Pradesh, India’s most-populous state,
reported the most crimes against SCs.These are some of the highlights of crimes against SCs,
gleaned from the Crime In India 2014 report, released by the National Crime Records Bureau
(NCRB). There were 67 crimes against SCs in Goa—the state is 66% Hindu, 25% Christian and
8% Muslim–for every one lakh scheduled caste individuals, the data reveal. Goa is followed by
Rajasthan (66) and Andhra Pradesh (49). The major crime against SCs is assault on women to
outrage her modesty (Section 354 IPC). The section is further classified into sexual harassment
(section 354A IPC), assault or use of criminal force with intent to disrobe (section 354B IPC),
voyeurism (Section 354C IPC), stalking (Section 354D IPC) and others. As many as 47,064
crimes against SCs were reported in 2014, according to NCRB, a 44% rise over five years, from
32,712 in 2010 to 47,064 in 2014.

 Dr.Priya John (2017) in her article talking about rapes at campuses victimising STs and SCs
said that Despite widespread knowledge that fraternity members are frequently involved in the
sexual assaults of women, fraternities are rarely studied as social contexts-groups and
organizations-that encourage the sexual coercion of women. An analysis of the norms and
dynamics of the social construction of fraternity brotherhood reveals the highly masculinist
features of fraternity structure and process, including concern with a narrow, stereotypical
conception of masculinity and heterosexuality; a preoccupation with loyalty, protection of the
group, and secrecy; the use of alcohol as a weapon against women's sexual reluctance; the
pervasiveness of violence and physical force; and an obsession with competition, superiority,
and dominance. Interfraternity rivalry and competition-particularly over members, intramural
sports, and women-encourage fraternity men's commodification of women. We conclude that
fraternities will continue to violate women socially and sexually unless they change in
fundamental ways.

 Rupali Prasadsani (2014) in her paper The problem of Rape in India describes that
the problem of “Rape” in India from multiple perspectives and recommend measures for
mitigating this crime from the country. Using the much highlighted incident of gang rape of a
23-year-old woman in Delhi, India on 16 December 2012, the paper analyses the behaviour of
the various parties involved in the case with the help of some sociological and psychological
theories. The analysis of the problem of rape in general and the gang rape case in particular
presented numerous causes for this problem. Considering the complexity of question the
authors have presented a multi-dimensional response to this problem. Despite the fact that rape
is regarded heinous and criminal in nature, the number and the level of inhumanity of this crime
 has been on a rise. Therefore, the subject matter is very important and topical. The paper makes
theoretical and practical contribution on a least researched subject of crime against women in
the form of rape. Many benefits could accrue from such multi-dimensional analysis of the rape
case. A better understanding of the motivation behind the rape would probably result in taking
measures to prevent the problem. Though multifarious views exist regarding rape and allied
crimes, the studies are dispersed in nature and need a holistic integration to delve deeper into
the causes and consequents of rape. This paper not only integrates diverse perspectives but also
explores the multi-dimensional causes of the phenomenon of rape.

REPRESENTATION OF DATA IN TABLES

Below is the table that depicts the number of rape victims (ST SC) in the last five years .

Table 1 : Number of rapes in last five years (from 2013-2017).

YEARS NUMBER OF RAPES

2017 47,054

2016 39,408

2015 33,655

2014 33,719

2013 32,712

SOURCE : National Crime Records Bureau

Below is the table showing the Top five states responsible for the crime of rape against SC ST.
Table 2 : Representing top five states responsible for rape against ST SC .
STATE NUMBER OF RAPES

UTTAR PRADESH 8075

RAJASTHAN 8028

BIHAR 7893

MADHYA PRADESH 4151

ANDHRA PRADESH 4114

SOURCE : Census 2017, National Crime Records Bureau

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA

 Below is the graphical representation of number of rapes in last five years (from 2013-2017).

Series 1 Fig1 represents

number of rapes
2013 32712 committed against
ST SC in the last
five years .
2014 33719

2015 33655

2016 39408

2017 47,054

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

Series 1
 Graphical representation of Top five States responsible for rape against ST and SC in the last five
years as mentioned above .

Series 1

ANDHRA PRADESH 4114

MADHYA PRADESH 4151

BIHAR 7893

RAJASTHAN 8028

UTTAR PRADESH 8075

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Series 1

FIG 2

Fig 2 : represents the top five states responsible for the rape against ST SC .

ARITHMETIC MEAN OF THE DATA

Arithmetic Mean is the average of all the numbers that are present at hand. It is a number that in
some sense represents the central value of a set of numbers.

Steps to Calculate the Mean of given Data.

Step 1: Find the sum of the data that has been given to you.

Step 2: Count the number of Observation.

Step 3: Divide the sum of observations by the number of observations. The value that you will
get after the calculations will be the mean of the data.

Mean = (Sum of Observations)/ (Number Of Observations)

 Calculations from the table representing the rapes committed against ST SC
from 2013-2017 .
Total number of rapes committed per year in between 2013-2017

= Total number of rapes / number of years

= (47,054 + 39,408 + 33,655 + 33,719 + 32, 712) / 5

= 37,309.6 rapes per year .

Therefore, it can be seen that approximately 37,310 SC/St women were raped every year in our
country.

INTERPRETATION OF DATA
From the data that the learner received after the research work for the project , the learner realised
that from the past years till this date the number of rapes have increased and the number is very
shocking as it is huge . The data gives information regarding the rapes committed against the
people belonging to ST SC category only , so we can imagine how huge the number will be when
we will include General and OBC category in the same. India is promoting education but even
after making people educated we could see that from the last five years the number has increased
rapidly . We could also observe that the top five states responsible for the rapes are Uttar Pradesh
, Rajasthan , Bihar , Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh , If we observe these are also the top
five states of the country in which the government of India is putting most of their efforts to
spread education , ban child marriage and promote programmes like BETI BACHAO BETI
PADAO but still the crime rates are increasing and not decreasing .

CONCLUSION
The real problem is of the society that the people who belong to upper castes and rich classes
believe that they can do whatever they wish to because they have this mentality that money and
name can buy anything they want they make weaker people their target so that their name is not
spoiled . Somehow the law of this country is responsible for this because they law sees everyone
equally but the treatment is not equal , here money can buy rights too and it’s a high time now ,
for the betterment of the country this needs to change otherwise we cant expect from our country
to excel in the world . ST SC people are the minorities and are treated inhumanly in the society
which is not accepted government should take the action and serve the justice equally without
thinking that whether the victim is an upper caste or a lower caste .
 REFRENCES

 http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2013/Chapters/7-
Crime%20against%20Scheduled%20Castes%20&%20Scheduled%20Tribes.pdf

 https://archive.indiaspend.com/cover-story/sexual-assault-rape-top-crimes-against-scheduled-
castes-34410

 https://thewire.in/caste/ncrb-crimes-against-dalits-women

 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-to-initiate-suo-motu-action-to-curb-spiralling-
child-rape-incidents/articleshow/70184007.cms

 https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/sexual-assault-rape-top-crimes-
against-scheduled-castes-115102600310_1.html