~

...)

~ Electrical Transients
~
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"THE ESTABLISHED. LEADER IN EE REVIEW"

I\1ULTIVECTOR
Review and Training Center
Rm. 867, Ground Floor, Isabel Bldg.
F. Cayco corner Espafia Sts.
Sampcdoc, Jv1anila
Tel. No. 73 I 7423
 MULTIVECTOR.REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
· ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT
Electrical Transient-- is the study of characteristics of current, potenti<t I drop. power charged. energy dissipation
and energy stored across different load parameters as energized by a D.C. or A.C. source hy means of the activation
of a switch. ' ·

In general, transient distirrbanccs are produced whenever:

a. an apparatus or ckt. is suddenly connected to or disconnected froin the supply.
b. a ckt. is shorted ·
c. there is a sudden Change in the applied_ voltaJ~e from one finite valuc·to another

Transient Disturbances arc classified as follows:

I. Initiation Transients..:. these are produced when a ckt; wltich is originally dead is energized.
2. Subsidence Transients: these are produced when an energized circuit is rapidly de-energized anp reaches an
eventual steady-state of zero current or voltage.
3.. Transition Transients- these are due to sudden but energetic changes from one steady state to another.
4. Complex Transients- th~se are produced in a circuit which is simultaneously subjected to two transients due to
two iudependent disturbahces. ·
5. Relaxation Transients- iransition occurs cycliciJIIY towards states, which when reached. become unstable
themselves. · '

DC Transient
Series RL Circuit
' I

Case I lnitiatioil Transient:

Given initial condition: at t"' 0, i= 0

Model Circuit:
I ' • , ~ I '
1: - Rt ~ c 1 + k2 = e

let k =:..h.
R
E f. •
i= R + ke- .~ 1
-+ general solution
where k =constant or integration
to find k, '
when the switch is closer.!: at t = 0, i ·= 0
then by KVL;
0 = E + k e0
R
vR + v~. = E
k = -~ , subs'! back in generpl solution
di . .
Ri + L dt = E ~ L.D.E. of the first order
Hence,
By variable separable
i== E- f.e- ~~
di I R R . ·
'E- Ri == L dt
where: ~ = steady state curr~nt component
. .: lIn (E- Ri) ~ ..!._ t + k1
•, R L k, - Re ,:
E . R I
= transient current component
'1i1 (E- Ri) =--~ t -p 1- Finally:
.
. -R .
. i= ~ (J -e . r I)_; particular SOIUtiOII
ln(E-Rt)==- t+k 2
L
. current growth eq'n. from i ·
·. · . . Open at t = 0 ~ i = 0 . ·
Note: for inductor with no initial current •.~ ·. .
· • -----.... ' Shorted ' 1t t = oo ~ i = IIIIIIX = .1.
R
 MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
ELECTRI~AL TRANSIENT.
. '!
Voltage Across R (V 1{): . Power Across L (I\):

P, . - v, . . i ~ Ec r 1
·• _L (
R I c r I) .

F1 . ~I lR I
Voltage Across L (VL): • P, . = -"- ( C
R . I. - C I ' )

vI. ·.=l~
'dt
when t "". 0, P1. = 0
t = oo. r~, =o ·
= Lt h1o c r I < . .R m
* v 1. .[': • I'
·'· ' Total Power (PT):
~- C I,

or PT = PR ·, PL =· E;
V 1 "E·Yg
" E . ' R
c E · Ell · c 1
) = E · R (I ·· e '
1
)

1"2
>I< vI .:C ~I
'" J' I • PT = ~
R (I - e r. 1
)

Power Across R (PR): Energy Stored in the Magnetic Fidd .(W..J:

PR =
. I.} R =
VR. I= VR"
- dW_ 1. = P1.dt co V1' i dt = L cit
di · i cit , L i di
' R
when t ·~ 0. i ~ 0. W1. ""0
t t. i ·· I. W1. = W1
He1,1cc
, I

d • 0 idi.

when t -~ 0, 1\ ··~ 0 E 2 Note: t = oo (steady-state) * W1 ~ ~ I. 12 ' '

t Cc 'X: • PR =R at maxi1num condition (t--oo), I= I"""

* W I.-·-- '2I I., 12 lll'X

CASE 2 Subsidence·Transient:
Given initi~l condition: ~vhcn t = 0. i = 10 when the switch is in position 2
Model Circuit:
at t -· 0, i •• I"
. I ...,2-----"----..
l = l, i ··= i

Er01 lo
R

'VR+v~.=o
f'. . dii
~
1,'

.
"" I:::- o C
I .
=-;

or fl·om gc p. solution

._}?! + k e ~I
1--
0
~
'L
II I
I,
1
Jl

=
o dt

kc 1~I
' di ' .R
1.

Ri + L dt = 0 a1 t = 0. i -- I"
,When the switch is in position I di.. R 10 = ke'':
E 1=-'L dt : .. k = '"
i = R (I .. e . r 1
) . i = l0 e
R1
i. ~current decay
equation
from i = I" to i • 0
Note: when the switch transfer. from I to 2. during steady-state condition, !0 = E
I ~ 'I. R

2
 I
t·

MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER

ELECTRICAL
'
TRANSIENT .

Time Constant (TC) :

The time constant of any equation dealing with transient is the value of time (!,.s~c) which makes the·
magnitude or absolute value of the exponent ·of the hOS . .!<equivalent to unity or I.
* In both current growth and current decay curves the current tends to approach their steady-state values
afler STC.
Thus. the transition interval is:
0 st.::; 5TC

for RL circuit:
TC = L!R

For RC circuit:
TC- RC

Time constant for RL circuits:

Time constant at Initiation:·

-is the time for the current to rea.ch 63;2% of its final value.

:Proof:
E
i, - (I - c f 1
)
R. .

when t = lTC = L!R

E E
i\ "R (I - e -I) = 0.632 R = 63 .2% Im.,

E
R
E
0.632R E s, . I .
R (I - e- L ) ~exponent Ia nse

'----l~T-C-------'--:-5-=T:-!::C:--------... t (sec)

Time constant at Subsidiency:

- is the time elapsed for the current to reach 36.8% of its initial value.
' • • I

Proof: ~ I ...
i = l0 e L

when t = I TC =_!:_·
R
• I

i= '" e I = 0.368 lo =36.8% Io

0.36S 10

5TC

3
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MUL TIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT

,0--b .
'Transient in Series RC Circuit (D. C.):

·-'lj
/: ... · R :VR=Ri=_,R~
E-=-.
1 1
.
yc ~v,-qrc-,b J ·. : dt
tdt

.':when the switch . is closed: To find i.

·E =,vi{ f v( i ~ 29_ .. ('I: [0 I

dt .. RC ll
E = Ri + q/C.
. E tRC

E=Rs!g_+_g_
1 =R e 'tl
dt c But EIR= 10 ._':'1,

E _ _g_ = R s!g__ i
c dt . ; ·.it means. ;i
il
~
ir
CE-q·"' RC i = lo e t'RC , E t•RC
'.,
dt Re
·dn I ,.
--=t_ "'- dt Voltal!e Across R: I
CE-q RC
I
. . t
--In (CE- q) =, RC + k 1 VR= R./= R . R
E e tRC' :. :
l

In (CE-q)~ .=L- k 1 VR = E e t!RC

RC k2
·: q __ tRC ', _
·y..<T,'
t/RC:
Cl " - -- c ·-· e Voltage Across C:
'
q = CE- k2e t'RC vc = q!C = _CE_,___c::-----"--
(I - e tiRe)

q = CE + k e t:Rc ---; g~n. solution

' Vc=E(I-e t•Rc)
CASE I (Charging Process) or
Given Condition: -at t = 0, q =0 Vc = E - V R = E - E e riRC
Vc = E(l- e·t'RC)
q = CE + ke t!RC
0 = CE + k
k =- CE.
q = CE (I- e·tiRC)
q = OmaxCI- e·t!RC)
,_
.- I t/RC -E .· : t!RC
1- "e -Re.

Note: . · ·
If the capacitor is lnitially uncharged
. .
< __'
.·
shorted at t = 0, I" "- E/R

Open at I - oc:>, L, - 0

Proof: of i = l 0 e 11 ~c~ ~ e- t!RC

E= vR + vc = Ri + q/C
At t = 0, i = 10 , q ,;0 ·~
i'
E = Rl" + 0/C

10 = E/R

4 ' '
 MULTIVECTOR·REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT
Power Across R: , Ener Stored inC due to char e 'in "t" sec:
' n dn lJ· i
:dW c =P (' dt=V ( idt=.:i...-'=dt'=-''dtJ
c dt c
=
E
E e- uRc , R e tiRe w.(' =cI- fo0 q dq = -
c
I n2 o
...::L]
2 0
r'
i) :=~ !1 I
We=-
si =-QYc=-CYc
I I 2
i R' R . 2 c 2 2
at t '·' 0. I'R since Yr = Q/C: Q = CYc
1
at maximum condition (t = oo)
at t = 'YJ.I\ ~ 0 i Q = Omn• = CE I
.:;
'.Hence, ''\
Power Across.C: 2

.7- 1
; I

Pc == Yc i ':,Wc=i =
,I

e· t<RC

at t = 0, Pc ~ 0
at t = oo. Pc '-' 0
.,
CASE 2: if at t = 0, q = Q0 CASE 3: (disch~rging wit;h !Q 0)

(charging with Q11 ) \

From. from,
. q = CE + kc uRl' • q ,; CE +J<e· tiRe
at t = 0, q "· Oo · at t = o. q = -- Oo ·'
Oo"" CE + ke 0 -- Q" = CE r ke 0 -

k = Q,, -CE k=- (Q,, + CE)

l .._ . - . 1/RC'
· q = CE: + (Q.,- CE) e.· :
Hence,
i = 1., c IRC_~. E -- ~0/C ~ .1/RC. q co CE _:_ (Q 0 + CE)e t•RC

t/RC - E 'f· Q/C tiRC

proof: E' VR 1 Y<·. = R.i + q/C i = i0 C -- R C
at t = o . q = Q" , i = I" proof:
E =Rio+ QjC- E = VR + vc = R.i + q/C
At t = 0
E-Q./C
E = Rl o + (- Qo )/C ·, Io = E + R
Q,./C
R
Hence,
e· t/R('

) J

5
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.- MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER

'
' ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT
CASE 4 (For discharging of initially charged capacitor): CASE 5:

y.:=_
c
T
L._~------'

~
i~QJc
R..,..~,
'
--

q ~· Qn e' tfR(' .
. . 1/RC . --QJC 1/RC
t=l e =--·e
" r< .

RLC Circuit (Double Energy transient)

Series RLC Circuit (DC):

: I

·'I

By KVL,

di I
Ri + L dt + C
f i dt. ·= E .
differentiate "i" with respect tot
d' d2 ' .
[R ...2. + L ......!. + j_ = 0 ] ..l
dt dt c .· L
1
di Rdi i
d[1 + L dt + LC = 0 ~L.D.E. of the second order with three possible sol~1tions

or

(D 2 +R_ D+-1- )i=O

L LC ·

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 MlJL TIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT.
Auxiliary Equation: : 'CASE II..., Criticnlly-dampcd cnse:.
when the roots ar:e real and
2 R · I ·
m+-rn+-~o 1 equal/repeated.
L · I.C .·
By Quadratic Equation Fol:mula: . Test: ( R )2 _:L ···o
~lr'
L LC
~ ! \/ (• B_ >' ·1
T:c
I. ··- V I
m·=-~-_...,..--~-

2( I) R 2_ I
or if ( 2L ) - ( LC )

.p = 0 0
rn=ad
.m~m 1 =m 2 =a.

(D ·- a)(D- a) i = 0

Gen. Solution:
i = k, e111 ' 1 + k2te 111 ' 1 = k,e"' + k~te"'
i= e"' (k 1 + k 2t)
I
1
CASE Ill: Underdarnped CASE::,(Oscilhltory Case)
' -·when the toots contain a real and
imaginary part.,
_,~{ ~\.. i I
let n. ·· . f\ ···vf <.
I.C
r!Test:
I
!here fore. .or
m=a±13
l{oots:
( _L
or if <'#:- )2 < ( LC )
,)
m 1 ~a~~l3
~i
m 2 = a -· l3 .· 13 is imaginary. 13 = j(l) q
·;II
;·m=a±P '~
Damping Cases of RLC in Series:
' IIll
·
=-:JL
21.
+·' (JL21. )' - _I_
-v. 1.c
CASE 1: Over-damped Case: ' r-------
""-:JL +·'-[ _I_ - ( lL /]
2L -v
- when the: roots are real and unequal. 111
LC 2L
Test:
(B._ ( - _i__ > 0
1.. LC
-.- + J - , - ( ---:
,,' m .= -R
21. - LC
R2
2L
)· ·vi
or.
2
b -4ae > 0.
' a =:.!L
2L
R
- )"' >·(-)
or if (2L I
LC . let (!) =·'-'-
V LC
- elL21. y
13 is a real number m=a±jro
m 1 ~m 2 or
m,=a+l3, ,m 2 =a.c.l3 m 1 =a+ jro
[D- (a+ l3)][b- (a -13)] i = 0 m2 =a- jw
[D- (a+ jro)][D -·(a- jw)Ji = o
Gen. Solution:.
Gen. Solution:
i = kAem,t + kne 111 ' 1
or = kAe(a +im)t + kne(u·· jm)l
i '= k,e<a+fl>.r + kze<a.··Plt , = kAeat . eimt + kneul. e. jmf
~k, e"' · e0' + k 2e" 1 •. e· pr i = e"' (kAeimt + kn e jmt)
.i = e"' (k 1e1lt +k 2 e Ill)

7 . '
 MUL TIV.:CTOR'REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT
From Euler's Formulci:

e-'.i"'t =cos (tJt ±j sin(!)!

i =eat (kA(COS(I)t + j sino;t) + k1i (COS(!)(-- j sino>!))
, ,;, eat .[(kA+ kB)COS(t)l + (ikA -- ik11) sino>!]
i =eat (klcoscot + k2 si;l(l)t) .
where: ())=angular velocity of oscillation, nid/sec
f frequency of oscillation, cps or hertz
7

(l) ,,
.
2nr, .r.L
Vtr
- cJL2L i
f I ./ J_ JL 2 ,
2'; V IC' - ( 21. ) ·

AC Transients

Series RL Ci.rcuit; Series RC Circuit: '

''\i

l,
c- ~' R

L
R

Em; ·i.
e =Em sin(cJ)t + <j>) i = Ce t:Rc + IZcj ~m (oot + <!> + 0,)
<P- position of sinusoidal. voltage . I
at the instant of switching/application Zc = R - j Xc = R --,j wC
for ex. ·
Xc I:
At t 0. e = 0
= at t = 0, e =Em at t = 0, e= t Em
tan 0~ =y = wCFf ·.
.
0 == Em sin (0 + <j>) I = sin <j> +Ern = Em sin <j> 0 = tan
z ·
_ 1 Xc
-
R
= tan
: 1 I
--
wCR
<j>=O <P: = 90° <P = 30°
after the switch is closed,
e = eR + ei.
. ' di
Em Sill ((l)t + <j>) = Ri+L dl

i"" iT+ ~s·

t_
1
.t '-'-.- -·.--steady-state component
transientcomponent
.....
,'resultant''
' . '

1\t Em 1- .

i ~~ C c 1 + IZLI sin ( oot +' <P - 8,)

Z1 ~= R +j wL = IZI'LG,
X'- _ wL
tanG,= R- R
X L
1
~- = tan· 1 (~

8
 . .

MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING. CENTER

ELECTRitAL TRANSIENTS I •

EXERCISES:
..
I '•

1. The field circuit of a 4-pole de motor has 'a resistance of 2000 ahd an i~ductance of 100 H. If it is
connected to a 400-volt supply, find the time taken for the current to reach 1.5 A
A. 0.125 s~c B. 1.5 sec C .. 0.369 sec .· ' D. 0.693 sec

REE - Sept. 2003 . , :

2. In an RL circuit having a source voltage of 1OOV, the resistance is 400 0 and the inductance is 20 H.
What is the time con~tant? ' · · ~ ·
A. 20 B. 0.05 C. 0. 2 D. 0.25

3. Acoil has a time ctnstant of 1 second and ·an inductance of 8 H. If the coH is connected t.o a 100 V de
source, determine the rate of rise of current at the instant of switching. _ :
A 8 amp/sec B. 12.5 amp/sec· C. 0.25 amp/sec D. 0.04 amp/sec

4. _A serie~ RL circuit _with -~ =5~,o~ms and ~ =10 H' has a conjtant voltage E =1OOv applied at t =(# by
. the closmg of a sw1tch .. F1nd the t1me at whtch vR VL- = t ·
- A 0.6931 sec · · B. 0.1386 .sec C. 2.3026 sec D. 0.2773 sec
.'

5. A constant voltage is applied to a series RL circu_it at t = 0 by closing a switch. The voltage across L_ is
25 volts at t =0 and drops to 5 volts at t = 0.02~second. If L =2 H, what must be the value of R in
ohm? J
A 17.85 B. 128.8 C~ 1288 D. 178.5

·6. A coil having L = 150 H, R = 200 ohms is connected in series with 100 ohms resistor. A 240-V de
! source is connected to the circuit at t =0. The voltage across the coil at t =0.5 sec is
A151... 8V : .· B.189.4V . C. 88.2V .' . D.101.2V

7. The field winding of a separately-excited de generator has an inductance of 60 H and a resistance of

30 ohms. The· discha·rge resistance of 50 ohms is permanently connected in parallel with the winding
.which is excited from a 200 V supply. Find the value of the decay current 0.6 sec after the supply has
been switched off. ·
A 4A < B. 3A C. 2 A D.· 1 A
. •
.
I I •

8. A cofl of 10 H inductanc~ and 5 ohms resistance are connected in .parallel with 20 ohms resistor across
100 'V de supply which is suddenly disconnected. The voltage .across the switch contacts at the instant
Qf s~paration is, · · ·. · , ,· ' ;;
A.. 5qp V B. 400 V C. 300 V D. zero

REE,... April 2006 . , ,

· 9. A capacitor of 8 1-1F is to be charged by a voltage of 400 v through a resistor of 100 Kohms. How long
will it takes for. the voltage across the capacitor from its initial zero value to reach 300 v?
A.1.05 % ·B.1.10 C.0.,99 D.1.00
'
10. A resistance R and a 4 IJF capacitor are connected in series across a 2oo V de supply. Across the
capacitor is a neon lamp that strikes (glows) at 120 V. Calculate the value of R to make the lamp strike
(glow) 5 seconds after the switch has been closed.
A 2.45 MO , B. 1.98 MO G. 1.36 MO D. 3.62 MO

Electrical Transients
P8oP. 1 nf tl
 MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER ~
ELECTRICAL TRANSIENTS ~/
REE - J\pril 2004 ..
11. A series circuit with. 10-ohm resistor and 50 IJF capacitor is suddenly Gonnected to a de source of 120
volts. What is the current at one time constant?
A. 12 A B. 2.44 A C. 7. 6 A · D. 4.4 A

REE - April 2001. . .

12. A 200 microfarad capacitor is connected ih series with a 10 0 resistor. The circuit is connected to a 24
v battery. What is the initial current when putting the switch on?
A. 1.2 A · . B.' 2.4 A C. 0. 22 5 A D. 0. 0 12 5 A

REE- Sept. 2008

13. A certain precision 1 microfarad capacitor has very high resistance. material used· between its
conducting surface. The capacitor is charged to 1 volt at t = 0 and disconnected from the source. It is
fourid that the voltage drops to 0,80 v in 1 hour. What is the insulator resistance?
A. 24 GO B. 20 GO C. 16 GO : . D. 12 GO

14: A 100 IJF capacitor charged to 24 V, is connected with a 200 JJF uncharged capacitor, a 1 kO resistor
· and a switch. What is the current 0.1 sec after the .switch is closed?
A. 5.36 mA B. 14.56 mA C. 8.83 rnA
: .
.. , D. 4.88 mA
15. A time of 10 ms is required for the curre11t in an RL circuit to reach 90 percent of its final value. If R is
10 ohms, find the value of C to be inserted in series with the RL circ\Jit so that the frequency of
oscillation of the resulting transient current is 1,000 cycles per second. :. '
A. 58.3pF B .. 0.7481JF C. 0.583 JJF D. 5.83 JJF

R.EE - May 2008

. 16. A series RLC circuit containsa resistor R of 2 ohms and a capacitor C =~farad. Determine the value
of the inductor so that the circuit is critically damped .
. A. 2 H · B. 1'2 H . C. 1 H D. 3/2 H

REE- May 2008 . . .. • .

1
17. A parallel RLC circ~ft contains a resistor R. = 1 ohm and an inductor L = i ~. Find the value of the
capacitor so that th.e. circuit is critically damped. :'1,
A. 1.0 F B:: 1.5 F C. 2.0 F . :i . D. 0.50 F
,,
f
18. A series RL circuit with R = 50 ohms and L = 0.2 H has a sinusoidal voltage source e = 150 sin(377t + <t> )
volts applied at t= 0 when passing to its maximum value. Find the resultaqt transient current 0.001 sec
after switching on. I
A. 0.52 A ·B. 0.85 A C. 0.64 A ·r D. 0.96 A

REE - Sept. 2006

19. What is the current through a 0.02 microfarad capacitor at t = 0 if the volta;;~e across it is 2sin2pi x 10 to
the 6th x t? · . · ' ·
A 0.3142A B. 0.2513A C. 0.1885A ·o. 0.1256A
REE - Sept. 200~
20. The current to a capacitor is given by i = 2t + 3. The initial charge on the capacitor is 8.13 coulombs.
Find the charge when t = 1 second? . .
A. 16 coulombs B. 12.13 coulombs C. 8.13 coulombs D. 4 coulombs

Electrical Transients
Paqe 2 of 4
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MULTIVECTOR REViEW ANO TRAINING hNTER .

..
ELECTRICAL TRANSIENTS .
REE - Sept. 201 0 1

=
21. The voltage across a 25 H inductor is given by v 8.9 + (3t)"1/2. Ffnd the current in the inductor at 5
~
1

seconds if the initial current is 1 A. • •.• ·

A. 3.8 A B. 2.3 A C. ~.3 A . D. 2. 7 A

·; .

SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS
1. A coil has a time constant of 1 second and .an inductance of 10 H: What is the value of the current 0.1
second after switching .on to a steady voltage of 100. volts?
A 1.52 A B. 0.952 A. C. 0.64 A D. 1.96 A
.
:-2. A circuit =
having R 25 n and L = 0.5 H i:s sudd~nly ·~onnected to a 2,50-v supply. Find the voltage
across R at 1time constant.
A. 185 V B. 15.8 V C. 1.58 V D. 18.5 V
. I .

. 3. A 60 IJF capaCitor is connected in se'ries with a 4o;ooo-ohm resistor. If the capacitor is initially
uncharged, determine the resistor and capacitor voltages when t = 1.5 times the time constant for a
suddenly applied source emf of 120 volts. .
f!-· 26.78 V, 93.22V . B. 120 V, 0 V C. 93.22 V,.26.78 V D. 0 V, 120 V

· 4. The field circuit of a 125-volt de generator has a res.lstance of 50 ohms and·an inductance of 12.3
henrys. A discharge res~tor of 144 ohms is connected directly across the field winding at the instant
the main switch is opened. What voltage appears at the winding terminals at t = 0, and what is the
initial rate of current change?
A. 125 V, 39.43 A/s· ·. B. 360.V, 39.43 Ats
C. 125 V, - 3!;).43 Ais D. 360 V, - 39.~3 A/s

5. The initial rate of curre11t rise in an RL circuit is 300 amp per sec, 'l"hen 120 volts is suddenly
impressed. What is the inductance of the circuit?
A. 2.5 H B. 5 H C. 1 H. D. 0.4 H

6. If the circuit resistance of Pro b. #6 is 30 n, calculate ·the rate of current change when the current is 2.6
amp. · · i . ·. · · :
A. 300 A/s B. 150 A/s C. 105 A/s D. 78 A/s

'1. A coil having· a resistance of 10 0 and an inductance of 4 H is switched across a 20-V de source.
Calculate the time taken by the current to reach 50% of its final steady value.
A.0.028 sec · B. 0:64 sec ·c. 2.329 sec D. 0.277 sec

8. The current in 600-volt series RC circuit is to be limited. to a maximum of 30 ma, and the time constant
is to be 4 sec: Calculate the values of R and C.
.i
A 200 0 and 200 IJF B. 20 0 and 20 IJF i
C. 20,000 0 and 200 IJF D. 20,000 0 and 20 IJF

9. A circuit whose resistance is 20 0 and inductance of 10 H has a steady :voltage of 100 V suddenly
.applied to it. For the instant of 0.5 second .after the voitage is applied, determine the .total power input
to the circuit. · · · ·
A 400 watts B. 316 watts C. 200 watts D. 116 watts

Electrical Transients
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 MUL TIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
ELECTRICAL TRANSIENTS
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10. A series RC circuit with R = 100 ohms and C = 2S IJF has a sinusoidal volta'ge source e = 2SO sin(SOOt
:+ <t>) volts applied. at a time when <t> = 0° Find the current, assuming there is no initial charge on the .
.capacitor.
- 400t . 0
A 1.28 e · + .l.9S2 s1n (SOOt+ 38.66 )
- 400t . . . 0
B.- 1.22 e + 1.9S2 s1n (SOOt+ 38.66 ;)
. - 400t . 0
C. - 1.22 e. + 1.9S2 sin (SOOt- 38.66 ~
4001
D. 1.28 e- + 1.952 sin (SOOt- 38.66°)

· 11. A 5 IJF is discharged suddenly through a .~oil having an inductance of 2 H and a resistance of 200
phms. The capacitor is initially charged to a voltage o.f 10 V. Find the additional resistance required to
·give critical damping. ·
A 126S n B. 146S n· C. 106S n ; D. 86S n
. . REE - Sept. 2006 . . · .: . ·
=
12. The current to a certain capacitor is given by i 2t cube + t squared + 3'j, The initial charged on the,
=
capacitor is. 6.83 coulombs. Find the chargE!'in coulombs when t S sec? ::J
A: 367 . B. 386 C. 376 . i D. 369
li
13. A circuit of resistance R and inductance L has a direct voltage of 230 V adplied to it. 0.3 second after
switching on, the current was found to be S amperes. After the current hpd reached its final steady
value, the circuit was suddenly short-circuited. The current was again fou~d to be 5 amperes at 0.3
second after short circuiting the coil. Find the value of R and L. !
A 2S ohms, 5 H B. 5 ohms, 10 H C. 23 ohms, 10 H D. 20 ohms, 5 H

REE - April 2007 . ,

=
14. Find the current thru a 0.10 microfarad capacitor at t 0 if the voltage across it is -2 e raised to -10
raised to 7 x t V. ·
A 200 rnA B. 20 mA C. 2 A : D. 20 A

15. When a capacitor charged to a p.d. of 400V, is connect~d to a voltmeter having a resrstance of 2S MO,
the voltmeter reading is observed to have fallen to 50 ,V at the end of an interval of 2 minutes. Find the
capacitance of the capacitor.
A 2.81 IJF. . B. 2.65 !JF. C. 2·.31 IJF . D. 32 !JF

REE - May 2008

= 112
16. The voltage across a ·1s H inductor is given by v 28.S + 6t v. Find the current in the inductor at 2.5
seconds if the .initial current is 1S amperes. ·
,_ A 16.5A B . .20.2A C. 21.7A D. 18.4A
l

Electrical Transients
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