POKHARA UNIVERSITY

Level: Bachelor Semester – Spring Year : 2009

Programme: BE Full Marks : 100
Pass Mark : 45
Course: Water Resource Engineering II Time : 3 hrs
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far
as practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt all the questions.

1. For a concrete gravity dam as shown in figure below, calculate: 15

a. The total vertical forces acting on the dam.
b. The total horizontal forces acting on the dam.
c. Factor of safety against sliding.
Take  = 0.70 and concrete = 23.5 KN/m3, water = 9.81
KN/m3

2. a. What is meant by economical diameter of penstock pipe ? 6

How can it be found out using analytical method?
b. Design a settling basin to remove particle size greater 9
than 1.5mm diameter from the water carrying mainly sand having
design discharge of 40 m3/sec, considering the retarding effect of
turbulence provided that the depth of basin does not exceed 8.75m.
Check the length of the basin using Velikanov's (for W = 88%)
formula. (Assume settling velocity for 1.5mm dia =12cm/s and λ =
0.8 for W = 88%)

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3. a. What is the function of spill way? How will you design 5
an ogee spillway?
b. Discuus about the cavitaion and erosion phenomenon in 5
spillway.
5
c. Describe various types of turbine used in hydropower
project?
4. a. A pelton wheel has to be designed for the following data. 8
Power to be developed = 6.MW
Net rated head= 300 m
Rated speed= 550 rpm
Ratio of jet diameter to the wheel diameter= 0.1
Overall efficiency= 90%
Assume Cv=0.98 and Cu=0.46.
b. Starting from the historical development of hydropower 7
in Nepal explain the potential in terms of gross, economical and
technical.
5. a. Describe in brief the issues that should be covered by 4
micro hydropower plant.
b. Mean monthly flow of a river in a typical year are as 11
follows.
Month Jan Feb Mar. Apr. May June July

Flow, m3/ses 146 125 134 268 417 1140 1850

Months Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Flow, m3/s 2061 1802 762 439 288

The effective head of the plant is 100m & can be assumed

constant.
Energy price: - US$ 40/MWh for primary as well as secondary
energy.
Cost:-
Fixed: - US$ 50 x 106
2
 Variable: - US$ 500/KW
Annual O & M: - 2 % of variable cost
Interest Rate: - 10 %
Efficiency: - 85 % (Overall)
Economic life time of the project = 40 years.
Determine:-
i) Best installed Capacity
ii) Firm energy.
6. a. What are the different stages of hydropower 8
development? Describe about the reconnaissance and pre-
feasibility study.
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b. What is meant by pressure tunnel and non-pressure
tunnel? Explain the possible head losses in pressure tunnels.
7. Write short notes on (Any Two): 2×5
a. power grid system
b. reservoir regulation
c. Pumped Storage Plant