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APPROVAL SHEET
This research paper entitled, “Perception of the Technical Drafting Students of Cavite
National High School Senior High School towards their Drafting Chairs,” prepared and
submitted by CHRISTIAN JAMES S. ALCANTARA, LEONARDO EVANGELISTA,
JOHN RANDELL B. HERRERA, RAYMART MALAYAN, MARK LOUIE MANZO,
KIM VERGEL E. NUÑEZ, JOSHUA KIM P. PLAZO, DANIEL T. ROBLES, JARADE
A. TISTON, MARYNOLD B. DEE, MARICEL C. DIMAPILIS, JAYROSE M.
PADERNAL and LAAMIRA AISHA A. VIDAL in partial fulfilment of the requirements
in Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion (Research Project) is recommended for approval
and acceptance.
Jamelie E. Norris
Research Adviser
ii
Acknowledgement
We would like to extend our profound gratitude to those people who make this
study possible, we sincerely appreciate their words of encouragement, support and
guidance to finish this work.
First of all, we want to offer this to our GOD Almighty for the wisdom, strength,
peace of mind and good health to finish this research.
To our Research Adviser, Ms. Jamilie E. Norris, for believing and supporting us
throughout our study. Thanks to her unending support, guidance and constant supervision
as well as for providing necessary information regarding this research.
To our class adviser, Mr. James R. Arbues, for the support and encouragement.
Also, for believing that we can finish this research.
To Ms. Reivy L. Cadacio, our English Consultant for her time and effort for
correcting our grammar mistakes and sharing her opinions and recommendations for the
improvement of our study.
To Mr. Weslie Legaspi, our Statistical Treatment Adviser, for teaching us how to
present the data we gathered.
And to all the Technical Drafting students both grade 11 and 12 of Cavite National
High School-Senior High School who became our respondents in this study, we appreciate
their honest and cooperative response to all the questions asked in this study.
They all keep us going and without their help this study would not have been
possible
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Dedication
We dedicating this research study to our family that always supporting, encourage,
and understand us throughout the completion of our research. To all teachers of Cavite
National High School Senior High School, Especially to, Ms. Jamilie E. Norris, Mr. James
Harbey Arbues, Ms. Reivy Cadacio and Mr. Weslie Legaspi, that believing us and giving
us a dedication to construct and to finish this research study. And to our school CNHS-
SHS, for being part of our research and getting us a good responsible students. Most of all
we dedicate this study to our Almighty GOD that give us strength and positive ideas to
complete this study.
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Abstract
This paper presents the perception of the Technical Drafting Students of Cavite
National High School-Senior High School towards the design of the drafting chairs they
are using. For this purpose is to make suggestions, recommendations and improvements
for the designers and innovators for their future design of drafting chairs. The data was
collated from 30 Technical Drafting students with 17 males and 13 females. The analysis
about the features of the existing drafting chair, their body parts suffering from physical
discomfort, and the respondents suggested features of a drafting chair were answered
through the survey. Applying a developed conceptual framework that combines the
demographics of the respondents and the survey questionnaire leads to get the perception
of every respondents for the making and improving future design of the drafting chair.
Through this study, respondents' suggestions helped determined the problem of a drafting
chair and help the innovators to make a design that would be comfortable to every user. A
furniture drafting chair in working area is the most important equipment to sit comfortable
and to move freely in the working area. The design features of the drafting chair must
comfortable and it has an adjustable part on the chair. This study was proposed to know
the perception of the technical drafting students about the design of a chair.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Approval sheet ii
Acknowledgement iii
Dedication iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
CHAPTER I
Introduction 1
CHAPTER II
Synthesis 5
Conceptual Framework 6
vi
Definition of Terms 7
Page
Research Instruments 8
Summary 14
Conclusion 14
Recommendation 15
Reference 17
Appendices 18
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Page
in the study. 10
to the study. 10
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
Chapter I
Introduction
Drafting chair is one of the important equipment every Technical drafting students
must have. It is a part of their everyday work, even when they are doing manual drawings
or AutoCAD. Finding the right ergonomic chair is a common problem for people who want
their workstations safer and healthier. Ergonomic chairs are designed to suit a range of
people, but it doesn't mean that they will suit any one person in particular. For example, a
chair could be too high and the armrests too far apart for a short, slim person.
Drafting chairs in the market have fixed heights and are not portable. In the field of
fabricating products, design plays a key role in terms of ergonomics; also consideration in
body positioning in order to prevent physical discomfort that occurs from bad posture
during work. It is a vital part of modern design, manufacturing, and use of products.
According to Frevalds (2012), ergonomics is derived from the Greek words erg meaning
work and nomos meaning laws.
Therefore, ergonomics is a science that focuses on the study of human fit, decrease
in fatigue and discomfort through proper product design, workspaces, and workstations.
According to Dul and Weerdmester (2008), a number of principles, and importance to the
ergonomics of posture and movement was derived from a range of specialist fields, namely
biomechanics, physiology, and anthropometrics.
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is labelled ergonomic. To prevent this illness and to increase productivity and efficiency of
the workers requires proper anthropometric measurement data collection and analysis for
designing of workspace, workstation, and product. The study was conducted to know the
perception of the drafting students towards their drafting chairs.
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Statement of the Problem
The main objective of the study is to know the perception of the drafting student
towards their drafting chair. This specifically sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the factors that can affect the draftsmen's producting and efficiency in
doing architectural drawing?
2. Does the innovators follows the ergonomics and anthropometrics in making the
design of the existing chair in the market?
3. What are the suggested parts and features of the drafting chair?
This study was conducted to determine the perception of the respondents on the
existing drafting chairs in Cavite National High School – Senior High School. Only a total
of 30 Technical Drafting students were surveyed. They were selected through random
sampling.
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Chapter II
This chapter includes a collection of related literature that has a significant to the
study conducted by the researchers.
Changing the way work is formed to suit people's mental and social needs the word
anthropometry implies estimation of the human body. Moreover, the study in which
anthropometry is related also imparts the human proportion, stability, and movement of the
body to a very ideal design perspective used by the designer. To be interested in conducting
something that suit or fit the condition of the human body. (www.anthropometry.com)
Choosing a right chair they are looking good features of a chair to be comfortable
according to CCOHS there are some features are mandatory for a good chair regardless of
how you intend to use it: first, the adjustability, check to see that seat height is adjustable.
Second, seat height range, check whether the seat height can be adjusted to the height
recommended for the workers who will use it. Other chairs may have to be selected for
every short or tall worker. Third, backrest, check to see that the backrest is adjustable both
vertically and in the frontward and backward direction and has firm lumbar support. Fourth,
seat depth, select the seats that suit the tallest and the shortest users. And the last on fifth
features is the stability, to check for the stability of the chair is a five-point base is
recommended.
International labor organization (2012) set the following ergonomics guidelines for
sitting at work: First, the person needs to be comfortable in the entire work area without
stretching or twisting. Second, the individual should have a good setting position sitting
straight in front of and close to the work, third, the work area should be designed
approximately at the same level as elbows; and last if possible, there have some form or
angle to the adjustable support in the elbows, forearms or hands.
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Synthesis
Drafting chair is one of the important things that need of a drafter which is the
technical drafting student. It is really aimed to have different views of what chair will fit
for a technical drafting student. There are many widely varying answers to this question.
What parts and anthropometric measurement are essential for a drafting student? What are
the suggested parts and features of the drafting chair from technical drafting students? What
is the proposed ergonomic design of the drafting chair? These questions will be the basis
of the answer that will envolving about the perception of the technical drafting student in
the chair and leads in many studies related to design of a drafting chair and to further
understanding this case. Most readings one can find on this study to visualize the design of
the chair to prevent back pain and to be free to move in the working area.
The researchers review the study about on Canadian Centre Health & Safety (2014)
this was the step in selecting the good and suitable drafting chair to preventing health
problem for a person will sit on a drafting chair they recommend to have a good drafting
chair it will be ergonomics approach and comfortable for the person based to them must be
used the body dimensions to be a guide of measure in selecting a chair suit for a person.
Although once can hold back some studies to push the form of any viewpoints and realize
the best solution will involve understanding to make this progress. The researcher finds
different aspect in designing of a drafting chair that will suit the student. There have two
examples of studies relate to the topic: first, according to Jung about the overall physical
measurement. Second, the four opinions of the global labor organization that relates to the
drafting chair.
The first study that the researcher read was about by Jung relevance according to
him to make ensure the comfortableness and proper posture of the student while making
an Architectural plate and it must be reliable for some vary widely different cultures and
groups of student it might related to the person will sit on drafting chair. The researcher
read the second piece about the four opinions of the global labor organization. This was
related on the body parts that will be the guidelines for the sitting work: which is the area
of the work place, the proper position on sitting, the approximately levels of the elbows
and last the possible adjustable part for the arm and hand.
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Conceptual Framework
Perception of the
Perception of students
Technical Drafting
Demographic Profile with regards to the Students of Cavite
(Technical Drafting design National High School
Student) Survey Senior High School
towards their Drafting
Questionnaire Chairs.
The figure above shows the input, process, output framework of the study. Wherein
the input were the demographic profile of the 30 randomly picked Technical Drafting
students of Cavite National High School-Senior High School. And the process was done
through determining the perception of the respondents with regards to the design of the
Drafting Chairs by survey questionnaires. And data were presented through tables and
interpreted. Then the output were the perception of the respondents towards the design of
drafting chairs.
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Definition of Terms
This shows the meaning of words which are used in the research study for the reader
to understand briefly.
Anthropometry – Used to assess the size, shape, and composition while sitting in drafting
chair.
Ergonomics – It is the science of refining the design of products to optimize them for
human use to sit comfortable and using this to avoid the physical discomfort of a
professional.
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Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter contains a description of the research design, research instrument,
sampling and locale, data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The researchers chose to use descriptive method in order for the study to be detailed
and understand the ambition of this study and to talk about the perception of the
respondents on the existing drafting chairs in Cavite National High School to know if they
experienced physical comfort while using it. With the help of the data collected, it will
answer and determine the perception of the respondents and what they could suggest to
modify the existing drafting chair and make it comfortable to use.
Research Instruments
The survey questionnaire distributed to the respondents is divided into five sections.
The first section is a checklist of the parts and features of their current drafting chairs. The
second part/section consists of five dichotomous questions. In section three has open-
answer questions evaluating which body parts suffer while using the existing drafting chair
and the next section is about what are the suggested parts and features of the drafting chairs.
In order to get the data to complete this study, the researchers will ask first for the
permission of the head of Cavite National High School-Senior High School Department to
conduct the study. The researchers will conducted a survey to determine the needed bases
for the perception of the respondents. After these, the researchers will evaluate all the
results with the use of statistical treatment to interpret the data.
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Chapter IV
This chapter shows all the tabular presentations of the data and how these data were
being analyzed with different statistical tools. The interpretation of the data are also
included in this chapter.
Table 1. Distribution of the ages of the Technical Drafting students who participated in
the study.
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Table 2. Distribution of the sexes of the respondents who participated in the study.
Male 17 56.66%
Female 13 43.33%
Table 2. Distribution of the gender of the respondents who participated in the study.
Table 2 highlights the number of male and female respondents in the study.
Seventeen (17) or 56.66% of the participants are male and 13 or 43.33% are female. Based
on the observations male participants have a bigger number compared to female
respondents who answer the survey questionnaire.
Table 3. Distribution of the questions to the students which is interrelated to the study.
Table 2 represents that there is 6 or 20% respondents answered Yes that they are
comfortable using drafting chairs in school while the answered No was 24% or 80% that
they not comfortable using a drafting chair in school.
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2. Do you feel any body
pain the whole time Yes 27 90%
while seated and
performing drafting
activities?
No 3 10%
The table 3 represent that the total of respondents who answered Yes in this part is 27 or
90% that they experience an body. Pain whole seated and while performing drafting
activities while in No there was only 3 or 10% respondents answered.
The table 4 show that the respondents answered is almost Yes that took an 28 or 93.33%
that are prefer using other drafting chairs instead using the drafting chairs in school and in
No there are 2 or 6.66% of respondents that prefer using an drafting chair in school.
3. Do you think having a
Yes 28 93.33%
comfortable drafting
chair increase your
productivity in doing
No 2 6.66%
drafting activities?
On the last table represent there are 28 or 93.33%drafting chair increase the productivity
while doing drafting activities. In No these are 2 or 6.66% respondents that increase the
productivity while doing drafting activities.
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Table 4. Distribution of the body parts that is related to physical discomfort.
Arms 15 15 50 46.66
Back 30 0 100 0
Butt 24 6 80 20
Neck 30 0 100 0
In the first part is the legs and there have 11 or 36.66% respondents answered yes
and 19 or 63.33% answered no. On the second parts which are the arms there is the same
result which is 50% answered yes and no. We also have 30 or 100% of respondents who
answered yes in the back part and there are no respondents who answered no. There have
24 or 80% of respondents who answered in the part of the butt and we have 6 or 20% who
answered no. In the last part which is the neck, no one of the respondents answered no.
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Table 5. Distribution of the suggested parts and features to the students who participated
in the study.
Average
30
25
20
15
10
0
Back Rest Arm Rest Seat Tilt Adjuster Head Rest
Average
Table 5. Distribution of the suggested parts and features to the students who
participated in the study
In This table shows the distribution of the suggested parts and features to the
students who participated in the study. In the first category, is the backrest that took the
highest response and the second one is the armrest that has 13 respondents. And there is 16
respondents who choose seat tilt adjuster and we have 15 students who choose headrest to
the fulfillment of the ideal chair. The last category which is the other suggestions have 0
respondents.
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Chapter V
This chapter discusses the summary of the results the data has given, the conclusion,
and the recommendation for future researchers.
Summary
This study aims to determine the perception of the Technical Drafting students
towards the design of their drafting chairs. The survey questionnaires were distributed to
Technical Drafting students of Cavite National High School - Senior High. The
questionnaire consists of four (4) main sections. The first section is a checklist of parts that
exist in the current drafting chair; second part are dichotomous questions; third section
identification of specific body parts feeling any discomfort while sitting; the fourth section
is selecting the features of the drafting chair. Through the data gathered the researchers
determined that the respondents are not comfortable in using their existing chair, so in order
for them to work effectively they must have the ideal and comfortable chair to make them
productive and efficient. With the help of their suggestions, it plays a big role in making
the future design comfortable to use.
Conclusion
Through the conducted study, the existing chairs were not comfortable to use
because of its height and the features it has. To make the draftsmen productive and efficient
they must have the ideal and comfortable chair in order for them to work effectively.
The finding of the study concludes that there are more things to improve to a
drafting chair to make it more comfortable to use. First of all, the features of it where it
should be adjustable to suit the range of body size, it should have a backrest to support the
lower back part, armrests to support the arms, and it should have a comfy seat to avoid any
pains from sitting on the chair for a long time. There are so many things that can affect the
productivity of a draftsman that includes the features of a drafting chair. Not all the drafting
chair follows the guidelines of ergonomics and only has the standard size/height that makes
the chair uncomfortable to use and cause pains to some parts of the body. A good drafting
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chair has a backrest, armrests, seat tilt adjuster and headrest that some drafting chair are
lacked off.
A study about the perception of the students towards the design of their drafting
chair is crucial for several reasons, first it gives the better understanding that they have to
experience discomfort while performing drafting activities, second it's an eye opener for
everyone that a simple chair can affect the health of oneself and also their productivity,
third it suggests that there are many things to improve to a drafting chair that can make the
draftsmen work productively and efficiently.
Recommendation
For those who are interested in the same topic and to have more improvements and
enhancements for their future research, the researchers recommends further ways to
conduct this study which include the following:
• Future researcher could use large number of respondents including the Junior High
School Technical Drafting students to make the study more accurate and unbias.
• Future researchers may apply this study to Architecture and Engineering students to
determine their perceptions, suggestions, and their anthropometric measurements for
making a modified design of drafting chair that will suit smaller and larger size of body
frame.
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References
Buck, J. R and Letho M. R (2008). Introduction to Human Factor and Ergonomics for
Engineers. New York, NY 10016: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Taylor and Francis
Group.
Dul, J and Weerdmeester, B. (2008). Ergonomics for Beginners A Quick Reference Guide
(3rd edition). Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300: CRC Press Taylor & Francis
Group.
Frevalds, A (2012). Niebel's Methods, Standards, and Work Design (12th edition). United
States, US: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Jung, H. (2014.). A prototype of an adjustable table and an adjustable chair for schools.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 955-969
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Appendix I
Department of Education
old
Instructions:
This questionnaire consists of 3(three) main sections. Please read the questions carefully before
answering them.
SECTION 1: SELECT THE FOLLOWING PARTS THAT ARE PRESENT IN YOUR CURRENT
DRAFTING CHAIR BY PUTTING A CHECK () ON IT.
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SECTION 2: READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY AND SIMPLY PUT A () TO YOUR
DESIRED ANSWER.
1. Are the drafting chairs in the market follow the suggested anthropometric measurements?
Yes No
2. Are you comfortable in using the drafting chairs in your school?
Yes No
3. Do you feel any body pain the whole time while seated and performing drafting
activities?
Yes No
4. Do you prefer using other drafting chairs instead of using the drafting chairs in your
school?
Yes No
5. Do you think having a comfortable drafting chair increase your productivity in+ doing
drafting activities?
Yes No
Do you feel any physical discomfort in the following body parts while using drafting chairs?
SECTION 4: WHAT ARE THE SUGGESTED PARTS AND FEATURES OF THE DRAFTING
CHAIR FROM TECHNICAL DRAFTING STUDENTS? PUT A CHECK () IF YOU THINK IT IS
SUITABLE IN YOUR IDEAL DRAFTING CHAIR.
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Appendix II
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Cavite City
Cavite National High School – Senior High School
`Chief E. Martin St. Caridad, Cavite City
December 8, 2018
Cherry Leen C. Marquez
Assistant Principal II for Academics
CNHS - Senior High School Department
Greetings!
We, the Grade 12 - Technical drafting students would like to ask for your approval for us
to conduct a survey among the Technical Drafting students in your school. This involves
our research entitled: Perception of the Technical Drafting Students of Cavite National
High School Senior High School towards their Drafting Chairs. We are planning to make
a survey among Senior high school- Technical drafting students in Cavite National High
School this January 2019. Attached herewith is the survey questionnaire for this study.
We are hoping for your favorble response regarding this important matter. Rest assured
that all data gathered will be considered confidential. Thank you.
Sincerely,
G12 – Technical Drafting Students
Of Cavite National High School – Senior High School
Approved by:
Noted by:
Cherry Leen C. Marquez
Assistant Principal II for Academics
Senior High School Department
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